assuming standard conditions, this reaction is spontaneous at 298 k. at what temperature will this reaction reverse spontaneity, still assuming standard conditions?

As long as the temperature and amount of gas inside the balloon remain constant, the balloon will expand in volume as it flies above sea level.

The lower pressure in the upper atmosphere, caused by the lower pressure in the upper atmosphere's upper atmosphere, permits the balloon to expand since there is less material pushing back on it.

As the internal and external pressures become equal, the inside gas of the balloon expands because the atmospheric gas places less pressure on the balloon's surface.

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option C BBr3 d  does not satisfy the octet rule among the four molecules. Boron tribromide does not obey the octet rule because it only has six electrons surrounding it.

Because an extra pair of electrons occupy the valence shell of phosphorus, phosphorus pentafluoride does not obey the octet rule. Because sulphur has eight electrons surrounding it, carbon disulfide follows the octet rule. Carbonate ion follows the octet rule because it has a full octet and eight electrons surrounding it. The rule of eight, electronic theory of valence, and octet theory of valence are all names for the octet rule. According to the octet theory, atoms interact with each other during chemical bond formation by losing, gaining, or sharing electrons. They do, however, develop a stable outermost shell of eight electrons. The rule of eight, electronic theory of valence, and octet theory of valence are all names for the octet rule. According to the octet theory, atoms interact with each other during chemical bond formation by losing, gaining, or sharing electrons. They do, however, develop a stable outermost shell of eight electrons.

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True, The ionic combination of ammonium ion as well as carbonate ion emits an ammonia-like scent, which is used in smelling salts to revive fainting people.

The ionic compound with the formula (NH4)2CO3 emits the scent of ammonia and is used in smelling salts to revive fainting people since it contains the ammonium ion & carbonate ion.

To avoid or treat fainting, use aromatic ammonia spirit. An uncomfortable or stressful incident, a medication, or a significant medical condition like heart disease can all contribute to fainting.

Syncope, often known as fainting, is a loss of awareness brought on by a vagal reflex-induced slowing of the heart rate.

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Two 4s electrons and six 3d electrons make up one atom of fe. A fe2 ion would have FOUR unpaired electrons.

1s2 2s2 2p6, 3s2 3p6, and 4s2 3d6 make up the electrical configuration of fe.Thus, there are four unpaired electrons in the third subshell.This demonstrates fe's paramagnetic properties.Both the 3d and 4s orbitals have almost the same energy. It's also important to note that, in contrast to the other orbitals, the third orbital has a single pair of electrons. Iron exists in two valence states, +3 and +2, as was previously mentioned. As a result, when it loses the two 4s electrons, it gets a valency of +2.

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Property of ionic compounds is :The right response is option B: they have low melting points.

Ions are present in ionic compounds, which are held together by the attraction interactions between the ions with opposing charges. One of the most well-known ionic compounds is table salt, or sodium chloride. Molecular compounds are made up of separate molecules that are connected by sharing electrons (covalent bonding).

Salts, oxides, hydroxides, sulphides, and the majority of inorganic compounds are examples of ionic compounds. The electrostatic interaction between the positive and negative ions holds ionic solids together. For example, the sodium ions attract chloride ions while the chloride ion attracts sodium ions.

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The following conclusions can be drawn from using the periodic table to compare the sizes of ionic radii to the equivalent atomic radii or other ionic radii.

The nuclear pull is greater for the magnesium atom since it has a higher atomic number than sodium but the same number of shells. Its size is therefore smaller than sodium's. When an electron is added to an atom to form an anion, the new electron repels other electrons, increasing the size of the ion. This is why phosphorus ions are larger than phosphorus atoms.

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The supplied statement states that the supplied solution's freezing point is -12.1 °C.

In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous combination of two or more compounds in their relative proportions, which may be constantly changed up to what is known as the limit to solubility. Although solutions of vapors and particles are possible, the term "solution" is most frequently used to refer to the liquid condition of matter.

FeCl₃ is dissolved, and X (the solvent) is a liquid.

Freezing point of X [tex]\left(T_f^0\right)[/tex] = -4.50°C

Depression constant ([tex]K_{f}[/tex]) = 1.82°C kg/mol

Weight of FeCl₃ = 0.11 kg = 0.11 * 10³g

Weight of X = 650 g = 650 * 10⁻³ kg

Freezing point of solution ([tex]T_{f}[/tex]) = ? ( In °C )

Therefore, we first determine the molality, and then we determine the freezing point of the solution using the depression in freezing idea.

As FeCl₃ dissociates in liquid.

Fe³⁺ + 3Cl⁻ → i.e. total 4 ions

So, vary Hoff factor for FeCl₃ = 4

We know,

Molar mass of FeCl₃ = 162.2g/mol

Calculation:

Molarity of solution (m) = moles of solute/amount of solvent

= Mass of FeCl₃/Molar mass of FeCl₃ * 1/ Mass of X

= 0.11 * 10³/162.2 * 1/ 650 * 10⁻³

= 1.0433 moles/kg

Now from depression for freezing point concept,

We have,

Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = i * [tex]K_{f}[/tex] * m

[tex]T_f^0[/tex] - [tex]T_{f}[/tex] = i * [tex]K_{f}[/tex] * m

[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = [tex]T_f^0[/tex] - i * [tex]K_{f}[/tex] * m

= -4.50 - 4 * 1.82°C * 1.0433

[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = -12.1°C ( Freezing point of solution ).

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4.86 ml are required to fully react with 11.73 ml of 1.006 m ca(oh)2 in order to complete the reaction.

provided information to be calculated:

Using Ca3(PO4)2 (s) + 6H2O, one can calculate: 2H3PO4 + 3Ca(OH)2 (aq)

cal mols

7.33 moles of H3PO4 in a volume of 1 ml are needed to replace the 2 existing H3PO4; 7.33/1.508 = 4.86.

How do moles respond to a volume increase?

An increase in volume advantages the direction that produces more moles of gas, and because there are more moles of products in this situation, the reaction will move to the right and produce more moles of products.

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The Element is a pure substance that can only be separated into two or more simpler substance using chemical changes. elements can not broken down by a chemical reaction.

Elements are pure substances that cannot be transformed into more basic ones by physical or chemical processes. The most basic type of matter, an element has its own set of characteristics. Well-known elements are oxygen, iron, and gold, as examples. Simpler substances cannot be created from elements. Furthermore, no element can be chemically changed into another element. Pure substances are formed by only one kind of particle that may have a fixed or constant structure. An element is a pure material with only one type of atom that cannot be divided into two or more simpler substances through physical or chemical means.

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A gas in a closed rigid container exerts a pressure of 1.20 atm at 20.0 °C. when heated, the pressure is 1.50 atm. the temperature of the heated gas is 25 °C

given that :

pressure of the gas P1 = 1.20 atm

temperature of the gas T1 = 20 °C

The pressure of the gas P2 = 1.50 atm

temperature of the gas T2 = ?

according the gay - Loussac law , we get:

P1 / T1 = P2 /T2

T2 = P2 T1 / P1

T2 = (1.50 × 20 ) / 1.20

T2 = 25 °C

the temperature T2 = 25 °C

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Answer:6.241

Explanation :Step 1: List the known quantities and plan the problem.

Step 2: Solve. n=PVRT=0.987atm×0.677L0.08206L⋅atm/K⋅mol×296K=0.0275mol. Now divide g by mol to get the molar mass. ...

Step 3: Think about your result. The R value that corresponds to a pressure in atm was chosen for this problem.

Hence one molecule of oxygen can be reduced  by one glucose molecule, if electrons are received from only glycolysis

The balanced chemical equation for the conversion of glucose to pyruvate shows that four hydrogen atoms (four protons and four electrons) are also formed:

CH 206 — 2 CH3-C-C-OH + 4H+ + 4e Glucose Pyruvate

Since there could be  4 lectrons and 4 hydrogens  from one molecule of that are from glucose to pyruvate step.

O2 + 4H+  + 4e-  = 2H2O

Hence one molecule of oxygen can be reduced .The method by which glucose is metabolised to create energy is known as glycolysis. It generates water, ATP, NADH, and two pyruvate molecules. It doesn't need oxygen to happen since it happens in a cell's cytoplasm. In both aerobic and anaerobic species, it happens.

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Answer:

An acid is a substance that liberates hydrogen ions (protons) when allowed to dissociate in aqueous media. Examples are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc, all of which are very strong acids, and ethanoic acid, citric acid, etc, which are weak acids. An alkali generally gives off hydroxyl ions in aqueous media. Examples are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, etc.An acid is a substance that liberates hydrogen ions (protons) when allowed to dissociate in aqueous media. Examples are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc, all of which are very strong acids, and ethanoic acid, citric acid, etc, which are weak acids. An alkali generally gives off hydroxyl ions in aqueous media. Examples are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, etc.

Explanation:

An acid is a substance that liberates hydrogen ions (protons) when allowed to dissociate in aqueous media. Examples are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc, all of which are very strong acids, and ethanoic acid, citric acid, etc, which are weak acids. An alkali generally gives off hydroxyl ions in aqueous media. Examples are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, etc.

the heat of vaporization of water at 100°c is 40.66 kj/mol, Heat of vaporisation (HV) = q/m = 40.66 kJ/mol, quantity of heat is =  20.33 kjoules

q is heat absorbed or released , m is mass = 9 g, no. of moles of water = mass/mol wt = 9/18 = 0.5 moles, HV x m = q, uantity of heat is = 40.66 x 0.5 = 20.33 kjoule. The enthalpy of vaporisation, also known as the heat of vaporisation or heat of evaporation, is the amount of energy required to convert a liquid substance into a gas. The enthalpy of vaporisation depends on the pressure at which the transformation occurs. The heat of vaporisation is defined as the amount of heat required to convert 1g of a liquid into a vapour without causing the liquid's temperature to rise. Boiling refers to vaporisation at the boiling point. A boiling liquid's temperature remains constant until all of the liquid has been converted to a gas.

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In the electron configuration 2 8 18 6 for element 34, Selenium:

The statement that applies include:

Selenium is a chemical element with the symbol Se and atomic number 34 and  a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between the elements above and below in the periodic table, sulfur and tellurium, and also has similarities to arsenic.

The octet rule refers to the chemical rule of thumb which states that the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell.

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Answer:

IUPAC name -Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)-(5R)-[(1S)-1,2-Dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one, Fruit sugar or D-fructose are other names for fructose-fructose. D-glucose, or glucose.

Early in the 1930s, vitamin C—then known as "hexuronic acid"—was extracted from fruits, vegetables, and the adrenal cortex. After being proved to treat scurvy in guinea pigs, it was renamed ascorbic acid to reflect its anti-scorbutic qualities.

Description. Ascorbic acid, a naturally occurring organic substance with antioxidant qualities, is offered by TCC. C6H8O6 is its chemical formula. It is a crystalline white substance that mixes easily with water to form moderately acidic solutions.

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The wet bulb temperature if the dry bulb is 26 °C and the relative humidity is 77% is 16°C.

Relative Humidity (RH) is a ratio of the quantity of atmospheric moisture that is actually present to the amount that would be present if the air were saturated, expressed in percent.

In relation to the maximum amount of water vapor that the air can hold at a specific temperature. A value of 50% relative humidity, for instance, indicates that there is only 50% as much water vapor present as there would be if the air were saturated at that temperature.

Td = T - ( 100 - RH ) ÷ 5.)

where, Td is dew point temperature, T is observed temperature, and RH is relative humidity.

by using the above formula

Td=26 - ( 100 - 50 ) ÷ 5

=26 - 50 ÷ 5

=26-10

Td = 16°C

Thus, The wet bulb temperature if the dry bulb is 26 °C and the relative humidity is 77% is 16°C.

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Molecules with functional groups are more reactive as they are polar in nature.

They have higher boiling points and melting points because the interactions among the polar groups causes them to be strongly together  and hence higher energy is required to break the bonds. They are also soluble in water because of hydrogen bonding between the polar bonds of molecules and water.

These can all be easily remembered as the carboxylic acids which have acid functional group and they have higher melting, boiling points. They are also soluble in water and are more reactive than hydrocarbons of same weight. A primary alcohol has hydroxy group attached to primary carbon i.e. the carbon attached to only one carbon. All the options have primary alcohols.

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When an H atom absorbs an ultraviolet photon with the correct energy, the electron in the atom can undergo a transition from the fifth energy level (n=5) to the first energy level (n=1).

This type of transition is called a "quantum jump" and is associated with the emission of a photon. When an H atom absorbs an ultraviolet photon with the correct energy, it will move from its ground state to an excited state.

This excitation of the electron can then lead to further processes such as the emission of a photon or the formation of an ion-pair. Therefore the correct answer is D)n=5 to n=1 when the H atom absorbs an ultraviolet photon with the correct energy

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complete question:

when a H atom absorbs an ultraviolet photon with the correct energy, what transition can the electron in the atom undergo?

A)n=1 to n=5

B)n=2 to n=6

C)n=6 to n=2

D)n=5 to n=1

In a solution of 0.49 M Ca(NO3)2, the molar solubility of calcium fluoride  is 0.86X10-5

The solubility product constant, abbreviated Ksp, can be used to calculate the equilibrium concentration of ions when a salt dissolves in a solvent. Literature can be used to determine the Ksp value of salts that are often consumed at 25°C.

Ca(NO3)2 -> Ca2+(aq) + 2(NO3)-1

        CaF2(s) -> Ca2+(aq) + 2 F-(aq)

I                            0.49                 0

C                            x                     2x

E                          0.49+X             2x

We know the Ksp of Ca2+ is 1.46x10-10

solubility ksp = [Ca2+][F-]2

ksp = (0.49+x) *(2x)^2

1.46x10-10= (0.49) * 4x^2

x= √(0.756*10-10) = 0.86x10-5

Hence the molar solubility of calcium fluoride in a solution containing 0.49M Ca(NO3)2.  is 0.86x10-5M

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0.321 g of hydrogen gas should be produced in this reaction.

To answer this question, we need to first calculate the number of moles of hydrogen gas produced when 0.159 moles of aluminum reacts with an excess of hydrochloric acid. Since the reaction is:

Al + HCl → AlCl3 + H2

The number of moles of hydrogen gas produced will be equal to the number of moles of aluminum used, i.e. 0.159 moles.

Next, we need to convert this number of moles of hydrogen gas to the number of grams of hydrogen gas. For this, we use the molar mass of hydrogen gas, which is 2.02 g/mol.

Therefore, the number of grams of hydrogen gas produced when 0.159 moles of aluminum reacts with an excess of hydrochloric acid is:

0.159 moles * 2.02 g/mol = 0.321 g.

Hence, the answer is 0.321 g of hydrogen gas.

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The electrons from the valence sublevel are lost when calcium ionises to produce a calcium ion. Since calcium belongs to Group 2 on the periodic table, its outer shell contains two electrons .

The losing these two valence electrons will be easier for a calcium atom than receiving six additional electrons to complete a full outer shell. As a result, Ca2+ is the most stable calcium ion to form. When calcium turns into an ion, it loses two produce electrons. The Ions always unite in quantities that exactly balance out the positive and the negative charge when they form an ionic bond.

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1) The required mass of iron III oxide is 2.1 Kg

2) The empirical formula of aluminum oxide is  [tex]Al_{2} O[/tex].

3) The mass of lithium chloride required is 27.7 g

4) The mass of carbon dioxide produced is 186.6 g

We have to note that we can only be able to obtain the parameters that has to  do with an equation when we can be able to use the stoichiometry of the reaction and this depends on the equation of the reaction.

1) Number of moles of iron =  1.50 * 10^3 g/ 56 g/mol

= 26.8 moles

If 2 mole of iron III oxide produces 4 moles of iron

x moles of  iron III oxide produces  26.8 moles of iron

x = 13.4 moles

Mass of the iron III oxide = 13.4 moles * 160 g/mol

= 2.1 Kg

2) Number of moles of Al = 2.91 g/27 g/mol

= 0.11 moles

Number of moles of oxygen = ( 5.50  -  2.91 )/32 g/mol

= 0.06 moles

Dividing through by the lowest ratio, the empirical formula is [tex]Al_{2} O[/tex].

3) Number of moles of lead II acetate = 106 g/325 g/mol

= 0.33 moles

If 1 mole of  lead II acetate reacts with 2 moles of lithium chloride

0.33 moles would react with 0.33 * 2/1

= 0.66 moles of lithium chloride

Mass of the the lithium chloride = 0.66 moles * 42 g/mol

= 27.7 g

4) Number of moles of octane =  60.3 g/114 g/mol

= 0.53 moles

2 moles of octane produces 16 moles of carbon dioxide

0.53 moles  of octane produces 0.53 * 16/2

= 4.24 moles

Mass of carbon dioxide = 4.24 moles * 44 g/mol

= 186.6 g/mol

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Liquids has the stronger intermolecular attraction between molecules, Ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether are functional isomers as they have same molecular formula but different functional groups.

Due to the difference in the electronegativity of C and O, there is a weak dipole dipole attractive force between dimethyl ether molecules. However, in ethyl alcohol, molecules are bound together by an attractive force known as intermolecular H-BONDING, which is significantly stronger than the weak dipole-dipole attraction between ether molecules. Although H-bonding also results from the dipole-dipole interaction, it is significantly more powerful because of the large electronegativity gap between O and H.

Due to the difference in electronegativity between carbon and oxygen, a DIPOLE is produced in dimethyl ether. On the other hand, with ethyl alcohol, you have intermolecular hydrogen-bonding, which is well known to be the strongest intermolecular force of attraction.

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The pH is 3.35 after 10.00 ml of koh is added when the convenient formula for determining the pH of a buffer consisting of a weak acid and its conjugate base is the Henderson-Hasselbalch formula.

Titrate 50.00 mL 0.10 M HNO(nitric acid, Ka = 4.5 × 10−4) with 0.10 M KOH solution. What is the pH value in the titration flask after adding 25.00 ml of KOH solution.

The balanced equation for the reaction is shown below.HNO2+KOH →KNO2+H2O

Start by determining the amount needed to reach the equivalence point. 0.050 l × 0.10 mol HNO2 1 l × 1 mol KOH1 mol HNO2 × 1 l 0.10 mol KOH × 1000 ml1 = 50 ml = Veq

Titration is in progress when 25 ml of titrant has been added. pKa at pH = 12 veq = 25 ml. Pka = - log4.5 x 10therefore the pH is 3.35 pH.

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Pipette 10 ml of stock 1M NaCl into a 100 ml volumetric flask, then add 100 ml of water to the mixture to generate 100 ml of 0.1M NaCl.

The dilution factor is c2/c1 = 1/10, as mentioned before.

The required volume of stock solution (v1) is equal to the dilution factor X the desired volume (v2), or, in more succinct notation,

c2/c1 X v2 = v1.

Each side is divided by v2 to get

c2/c1 = v1/v2, which means

v1 X c1 = v2 X c2.

The volume of a stock solution times its concentration always equals the volume of a diluted solution times its concentration, to put it another way.

In the aforementioned illustration,

v1 = 10 ml, c1 = 1.0 M, and v2 = 100 ml, c2 = 0.1 M. If v1 X c1 = v2 X c2, then the dilution calculation is accurate since 10 X 1 = 100 X 0.1, or 10 = 10, is obtained.

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The concentration of hydroxide ions is 0.001145 M and,  the ph given a concentration of aluminium is 3.9.

(Molar mass of 342.15 g/mol).

In order to answer this question, we must first convert our units. We are given 6.70 lb = 453.592 × 6.70 lb = 3039.0664 g of aluminium sulphate.

Water in 2050 gallons is equal to 2050 x 3.785 or 7759.25 litres.

Then, using the following formula, we will search for the Concentration of aluminium sulphate:

The formula for concentration is volume x moles.

Remember: 8.8823 moles is equal to 3039.0664 / 342.15 moles. 2050 gallons, or 7759.25 litres, make up the volume.

As a result, when we plug the values of the volume and number of moles into the previous equation (1), we get;

Concentration is equal to 8.8823 moles per 7759.25 litres, or 0.001145 M.

The solubility product equation, which is what we'll utilise next today, is as follows:

Ksp = (Al^3+) (OH^-)^3.

So, we have the ksp = 1.3 × 10^-33 and the value of (Al^3+)= 0.001145 M.

Hence, making (OH^-) the subject of the formula;

(OH^-) = ( 1.3 × 10^-33 / 0.001145)^1/3.

(OH^-) = 8 × 10^-11 M.

Hence, pOH = - log (OH^-)

pOH = - log (8 × 10^-11).

pOH = 10.1

Therefore, the value of pH is; 1

pH + pOH = 14.

pH = 14 - 10.1 = 3.9.

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A person floats much higher in the Dead Sea than in ordinary water because salt water has a higher density than fresh water. Saline water has a density of (1080 kg m per cube) while fresh water has a density of ( 1000 kg m per cube). Because of this, swimming in salt water is simpler for swimmers.

Compared to the 3.5% salinity of the Mediterranean, the Dead Sea has a salinity of 34.2%. It ranks behind the Don Juan Pond and Lake Vanda in Antarctica, the Lake Assal in Djibouti, and Lake Vanda as the fourth saltiest body of water in the world. The Dead Sea doesn't pour out, which is one of the causes of excessive salinity.

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Complete Question

The water of the Dead Sea is extremely salty. which gives it a very high density of 1240 kg/m^3. Explain why a person floats much higher in the Dead Sea than in ordinary water.