why must the alkyl halide product be dried carefully with anhydrous calcium chloride before the distillation?

The number of atoms of v are preset in each unit cell is 2.

This unit cell uses nine  atoms, eight of which are corner atoms forming the  cell and one  further in the center of the  cell. The corners contribute only one net  atom and the center atom contributes another for a aggregate of two  atoms.

In a BCC ( body centered cubic) unit cell, there's one atom fully contained within the unit cell at the chassis  point in the center, and the chassis  spots at each of the eight corners are also  enthralled, but each of those is participated between eight neighboring unit cells.

So the total number of  atoms for each unit cell is

= > 18/8

= > 2

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One atom must be much more electronegative than the other.

Electronegativity

Electronegativity is the propensity of an atom in a molecule to draw the shared pair of electrons toward itself.

Because it is merely a propensity, this attribute has no dimensions. It essentially represents the final consequence of atoms' propensities to attract electron pairs that form bonds in various elements. On several scales, we quantify electronegativity. Linus Pauling created the most widely used scale.

Factors Affecting Electronegativity

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The product of the reaction between BCl3 and NH3 is the ionic compound, Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl).

Reaction is the process of responding to a stimulus. It can be physical, emotional, or both. It is a way for a person, animal, or living organism to communicate with the environment and other living things. A reaction is often an involuntary response that occurs due to a change in the environment. For example, a person may jump in fear if a loud noise is heard. This reaction is the body's way of quickly responding to the stimulus. Reactions can also be learned over time and can be either positive or negative. For example, a person may smile when they see a loved one, or they may frown when they are angry. Reactions are an important part of how we interact with the world and with each other.

The product of the reaction between BCl3 and NH3 is the ionic compound, Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl). The reaction can be written as:
BCl3 + NH3 → NH4Cl
The chemical structure of Ammonium Chloride is shown below:
NH4Cl
The central atom, nitrogen, is surrounded by four hydrogen atoms (H) and one chlorine atom (Cl). The nitrogen atom has a formal charge of +1 and is therefore surrounded by four hydrogen atoms with a negative charge of -1. The chlorine atom has a formal charge of -1 and is therefore surrounded by one ammonium ion with a positive charge of +1.

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The frequency of the photon of the light is 3.3 x 10¹² Hz.

The energy of the photon of light is 2.23 x 10⁻²¹J.

Now, we know, energy associated with the photon is given by the relation,

E = hv

Where,

E is the enrgy of the photon,

h is the Planck's constant,

v is the frequency of the light.

The value of Planck's constant is 6.63 x 10⁻³⁴ J/Hz.

Now, putting values,

2.23 x 10⁻²¹J = 6.63 x 10⁻³⁴ J/Hz(v)

v = 0.33 x 10¹³ Hz

v = 3.3 x 10¹² Hz.

The frequency of the photon is 3.3 x 10¹² Hz.

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Electronic Spectroscopy relies on the quantized nature of energy states, then there will be no intensity and no peak on the spectrum.

Electronic Spectroscopy

By measuring the kinetic energies of the electrons that are emitted when a chemical species is exposed to X-ray or ultraviolet radiation, a technique known as electron spectroscopy can be used to determine the energy with which electrons are bonded in chemical species. Because variations in atom configurations alter the amount of energy needed to release electrons, the data can be used to determine the structure's specifics.

Because Auger electrons and photoelectrons have relatively low energy, typically 20–2000 eV, chemical information can only be gleaned from the sample's topmost atomic layers (depth 10 nm or less).

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At the end of glycolysis, one can find energy contained in chemical bonds of glucose in ATP, NADH and pyruvate molecules.

The cytoplasm of a cell is where glycolysis takes place. It has two phases, which are the energy-requiring phase and the energy-releasing phase. The initial molecule, glucose, is first rearranged and two phosphate groups, which come from ATP, are attached to it in the energy-requiring phase. The sugar fructose-1,6-biphosphate is made up of phosphate groups. This separates into sugars with three carbons.

Whereas, the three carbon-sugars are transformed into three-carbon molecules during the energy release phase. Here, one of the NADH and pyruvate molecules is present together with two ATP molecules. Thus, the energy held in the chemical bonds of glucose can be found in ATP, NADH, and pyruvate.

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Answer:

1.8 moles per liter of solution per second.

Explanation:

The rate at which carbon dioxide is being formed in this reaction can be calculated by using the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane:

[tex]C3H8 + 5 O2 - > 3 CO2 + 4 H2O[/tex]

From the balanced chemical equation, it is clear that for every mole of propane consumed, 3 moles of carbon dioxide are formed. Therefore, if the rate of consumption of propane is 0.6 mol/L s, the rate of formation of carbon dioxide is 3 * 0.6 = 1.8 mol/L s.

This means that the rate of formation of carbon dioxide is 1.8 moles per liter of solution per second.

Reactions involves a single compound producing two or more simpler substances. The decomposition reaction is the right response.

Multiple products are created from a single reactant in a decomposition process. When a chemical and oxygen are combined, the result is a combustion reaction that produces oxides of other elements as a byproduct (although nitrogen atoms react to make N 2).

Decomposition reactions occur when complex chemical entities split apart into smaller components. Decomposition reactions often demand energy input. For instance, the thermal breakdown of potassium chlorate (KClO3) is a typical technique used in laboratories to generate oxygen gas.

When one reactant disintegrates into two or more products, the reaction is said to be in decomposition. This can be modelled by the all-inclusive formula AB = A + B. The conversion of water to hydrogen and oxygen and the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide are two examples of decomposition reactions.

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Answer:

B. Nucleotide

Explanation:

It combines and can form nucleic acids

Answer:

your answer would be b

Explanation:

DNA and RNA are made up of monomers known as nucleotides. The nucleotides combine with each other to form a nucleic acid, DNA or RNA. Each nucleotide is made up of three components: a nitrogenous base, a pentose (five-carbon) sugar, and a phosphate group

The rest of the wood equivalent to 1.8 grams is converted into its gas form by the process of combustion.

Burning a sample of wood creates is process of combustion which changes the form of a compound into another form, in this case, a sample of wood with a mass of 3 grams, being burned in an open dish will cause a reaction between the fire and oxygen from the surroundings and will result in a gas creation called carbon dioxide, losing 1.8 grams of its mass, as well as an ash residue weighing 1.2 grams. To calculate the loss of mass due to wood conversion into its gas form of carbon dioxide, we calculate it with the following calculation:

3.0-1.2=1.8

Therefore the loss of mass due to combustion and the creation of carbon dioxide is 1.8 grams.

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Explanation: help help help

The d) ch3oh and f) ch3nh2 are capable of hydrogen-bonding with another of the same molecule.

What is Hydrogen Bonding?

A hydrogen atom placed between two both these atoms with such a high affinity for electrons produces an interaction recognised as hydrogen bonding that is stronger than the van der Waals force but weaker than covalent or ionic bonds.

Hydrogen bonds can be created between atoms in different molecules or different parts of the same molecule. One of the pair's (the donor) fluorine, nitrogen, as well as oxygen atoms is covalently bound to a hydrogen atom (FH, NH, or OH), with which it happens to share electrons unevenly. Because of its high affinity for electrons, hydrogen acquires a small positive charge. With an unshared electron pair, the other atom inside the pair, which is typically F, N, or O, has a slight negative charge. By using electrostatic attraction to effectively transfer its hydrogen to the recipient atom, the donor atom establishes a connection.

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PH3 is a weaker base than NH3 due to the fact the lone pair inside NH3 has a better electricity and as a consequence serve higher as a higher base.

Each next fall at the periodic desk has much less electricity and as a consequence will become much less fundamental which in flip way it's miles extra acidic. Phosphine (PH3) reacts with borane (BH3) as follows:

PH3 + BH3 → H3P—BH3

In PH3, P atom has 4 electron corporations i.e 1 lone pair and three bond pairs. Hence it's going to shape 4 hybrid orbitals i.e sp3 hybridization. The P-atom withinside the product additionally has 4 electron corporations i.e surrounded via way of means of 4 bond pairs and shape 4 sp3 hybrid orbital. There isn't anyt any alternate in hybridization, subsequently the hybridization of P atom in each the reactant and product is sp3.

Therefore example B satisfactory indicates the hybridization of P all through the response as

sp3 → sp3.

Phosphine (PH3)—a exceedingly toxic, flammable gas—is used withinside the semiconductor industry, chemical processing, and the fumigation of grain, meals products, and tobacco earlier than global transport.

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The concentration of aluminum ions in the solution is 0.15 M.

To determine the concentration of aluminum ions in the solution, you need to know the formula for aluminum nitrate and the number of moles of aluminum nitrate that were added to the water. The formula for aluminum nitrate is Al(NO3)3. This means that for every molecule of aluminum nitrate, there is one molecule of aluminum ions (Al3+).

If the concentration of nitrate in the solution is 0.15 M, that means that 0.15 moles of aluminum nitrate were added to every liter of water. Since there is one mole of aluminum ions for every mole of aluminum nitrate, the concentration of aluminum ions in the solution is also 0.15 M.

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The volume occupied by 18.0 g of argon gas at a pressure of 1.32 atm and a temperature of 454 k is 12.70 m³.

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas used to study the behavior of gases. Because true gasses are complex, it is difficult for us to study their behavior. Therefore, these true gasses are simplified to ideal gasses. Because it has been simplified, even an ideal gas has simpler properties and interactions than a true gas. So, simply put, this ideal gas is a model for calculating the behavior of true gasses or real gasses.

the ideal gas law equation:

PV = nRT

Where,

P = gas pressure (N/m³ or Pa)

V = gas volume (m³)

n = moles of gas present

R = gas constant (0.082057 atm.L/mol.K)

T = temperature (K)

We have,

Mass of the gas = 18.0 g

P = 1.32 atm

Temperature = 454 K

Determine the moles of gas,

The molar mass of argon is 39.948 g/mol.

n = m/Mr

= 18.0/39.948

= 0.450 mol Ar

So, the volume occupied is:

PV = nRT

(1.32)V = (0.45) (0.082057) (454)

1.32 V = 16.76

V = 12.70 m³

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Therefore, the order of the reaction with respect to NO is 1, the order of the reaction with respect to [tex]O_3[/tex]  is 1, and the total order of the reaction is 2.

[tex]NO + O_3 - > NO_2 + O_2[/tex]  ,rate=k[NO][[tex]O_3[/tex]]

The rate of the reaction is given as  rate=k[NO][[tex]O_3[/tex]] , where k is the rate constant and [NO] and [[tex]O_3[/tex]]  represent the concentrations of NO and [tex]O_3[/tex], respectively.

The order of the reaction with respect to each element is determined by the power to which the concentration of that element appears in the rate expression. In this case, the concentration of NO appears to the first power and the concentration of  appears to the first power, so the order of the reaction with respect to NO is 1 and the order of the reaction with respect to [tex]O_3[/tex] is 1.

The total order of the reaction is the sum of the orders of the reaction with respect to each element. In this case, the total order of the reaction is 1 + 1 = 2.

Therefore, the order of the reaction with respect to NO is 1, the order of the reaction with respect to [tex]O_3[/tex]  is 1, and the total order of the reaction is 2.

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Complete question:

Consider the following reaction:

[tex]NO + O_3 - > NO_2 + O_2[/tex]  ,rate=k[NO][[tex]O_3[/tex]]

what is order of reaction with respect to each element and total order of reaction?

The percentage of O2 will react is 0.97%.

The rate of reaction at equilibrium is determined by the equilibrium constant (Kc) value; that is, the higher the Kc value, the more products are formed. Kc is calculated by taking the ratio of product and reactant concentrations at equilibrium.

The chemical equation is N2 (g)+O2 (g)⇋2NO (g)

The reaction's equilibrium constant is Kc = 4.10104.

The solution contains 0.867 mol of N2 and 0.867 mol of O2.

The container has a volume of V=0.769L.

The initial concentration of

N2 = 0.967/0.769 M = 1.13 M

O2 = 0.867/0.769 M = 1.3 M

For the table, refer image

Now we write this same reaction's equilibrium constant expression.

[tex]K_{c} = \frac{[NO]^{2} }{[N_{2} ] . [O_{2} ]} \\\\4.10 * 10^{-4} = \frac{(2y)^{2}}{(1.13 - y) . (1.13 - y)} \\\\1.277 - 2.26y + y^{2} = 9756y^{2} \\\\9755y^{2} + 2.26y - 1.277 = 0\\[/tex]

     y = 0.011 M

So,

Now we know that the amount of O2 reacting is y = 0.011 M

and the percentage is 0.011/1.13 * 100%

                                                      = 0.97%

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Answer:

11.67 lbs

Explanation:

At the corrosion, these electrons are depleted. When the cathode region is larger and the anode is smaller, all of the liberated electrons at the anode are soon used up.

This approach accelerates corrosion by causing the anodic reaction to happen at its quickest rate feasible. A metal's susceptibility to corrosion is determined by the metal itself. Corrosion is more likely to occur in metals with lower reduction potential than in metals with higher reduction potential. If the pH is 3 or lower, considerable corrosion happens in the absence of air due to the continual evolution of H2 at the cathode. • However, metals like Al, Zn, and others quickly corrode in excessively alkaline environments. if the metal's anodic area is smaller.

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The mixture of Ca(NO₃)₂ in water will show ion dipole forces.

An Ion dipole force is observed in a mixture where and ionic compound is made to be dissolved into a polar solvent.

CH₃OH is a non ionic compound and water is a polar solvent. So, when we dissolve it in water it will not show the ion-dipole forces.

On the other hand Ca(NO₃)₂ is a strong electrolyte.

Because of it's strong electrolytic property it dissolves into ions when it is mixed with water and because water is already a polar solution it give rise to the existence of the iron dipole forces.

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Answer:

hope this helps!: Most volcanoes are found along a belt, called the “Ring of Fire” that encircles the Pacific Ocean. Some volcanoes, like those that form the Hawaiian Islands, occur in the interior of plates at areas called “hot spots.”

Explanation:

what I don't know?? lol!! hope u get a good grade and stuff :)

250 , C-14 atoms should be left, if the rock is 5730 years old. C-14 (radiocarbon) is radioactive and decays into n-14 with a half-life of 5730 years. assume a rock starts with 1000 atoms of C-14.

Radiation-emitting radiocarbon substances are referred to as radioactive . A radionuclide decays into a different atom known as a decay product. Until the atoms achieve a stable state and stop being radioactive, the radiocarbon continue to change into new decay products. C degrades through a process known as beta decay. One of the neutrons in the radiocarbon atom turns into a proton during this process, which results in the decay of a 14C atom into a 14N atom. By adding one more proton to the atom, this results in the formation of a nitrogen atom rather than a radiocarbon atom.

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The concentration of the aluminum ion [Al3+] in the solution is 0.033M.

Solid Al(NO3) is added to distilled water to produce a solution in which the concentration of nitrate [NO3-] is 0.1 M. so the equation becomes,

Al(NO3)3 ----> Al3+ + NO3-

In chemical reaction, it leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. In the reaction, the reactants are converted to one or more different substances that is called the products. Substances are either chemical elements or compounds. A chemical reaction rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to create different substances as products.

1 mole of Al3+ = 3 mole of (NO3-)

let NO3- = 3y

then Al3+ becomes y.

[NO3-] = 0.10M

So it becomes, 3y = 0.10 M

                            y = 0.10 / 3

                              = 0.033M

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The pH after 0.10 mol NaOH is added is 3.48 and the pH after 0.24 mol HCl is added to the original solution is 3.09 .

HF + H₂O →  KF +H₂O

Moles of HF = 0.60 mol/L × 1 L = 0.60 mol

Moles of KF = 1 mol/L × 1L = 1 mol

When 0.10 mol NaOH added

HF + NaOH →  KF + H₃O⁺

Moles of KF increases = 0.10 + 1 = 1.10 mol

Moles of HF decreases = 0.60 - 0.10 = 0.50 mol

pH = pKₐ + log [tex]\frac{[KF]}{[HF]}[/tex]

pH = - log Kₐ + log [tex]\frac{1.10}{.50}[/tex]

pH = - log (7.2 × 10⁻⁴) + log 2.2

pH = 3.14 + 0.3424

pH = 3.48

When 0.24 mol HCl added

KF + HCl → HF

Moles of KF decreases = 1 - 0.24 = 0.76 mol

Moles of HF increases = 0.60 - 0.24 = 0.36 mol

pH = pKₐ + log [tex]\frac{KF}{HF}[/tex]

pH = 3.14 + log [tex]\frac{0.76}{0.36}[/tex]

pH = 3.14 + 0.045

pH = 3.09

So, When NaOH is added pH = 3.46, When HCl is added pH = 3.09 .

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Answer:

The repulsion between negatively charged electron pairs in bonds or as lone pairs causes them to spread apart as much as possible.

Alcohol is a teratogen from the given options, which is responsible for fetal harm. The correct option to this question is C.

A well-known teratogen, alcohol intake during pregnancy can have negative consequences on the developing fetus.

Alcohol is a proven carcinogen that kills cells in a growing fetus and a teratogen that changes the cell cycle and function in a fetus's brain, with PAE having rapid and long-lasting impacts on someone with FASDs.

Any substance that exposes a fetus to an abnormality while the mother is pregnant is considered a teratogen. Teratogens are typically identified following an increase in the prevalence of a specific birth abnormality. For instance, a medication called thalidomide was prescribed to alleviate morning sickness in the early 1960s.

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The maximum volume of gas is 1.2*10^7 dm3 that is calculated using mass of SO3 i.e., 6.4 tonnes.

The molar volume, symbol Vm is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance (chemical element or chemical compound) at a given temperature and pressure. It is equal to the molar mass (M) divided by the mass density (ρ). The given mass of sulfur trioxide is 6.4 tonnes.

In order to calculate the volume of sulfur dioxide, we need to calculate the moles of the gas first using the mass and number of molecules.

The moles of SO3 gas is 6.4 *10^6/64 which is 1*10^6 moles.

The maximum volume of gas is 1*10^6/2*24 = 1.2*10^7 dm3.

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0.0305mol of carbon dioxide can be produced when 3.05 mole of calcium carbonate are heated.

Carbon dioxide is a chemically compound made up of molecules that each one have  one carbon atomclick covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is founded in the gas state at room temperature. In the air, carbon dioxide is to the  transparent to visible light of the  but absorbs infra-red by radiation, acting as the  greenhouse gas.

CaCO3 ---> CaO + CO2

Mass of CaCO3 mol = 40 + 12 + (16 x 3) = 100g/mol

Number of CaCO3 moles heated = 3.05/100 = 0.0305 mol

One CaCO3 mol produces 1 mol CO2

Therefore 0.0305mol  of CO2 produced.

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The name given to the model of the atom that repres the atom as a nucleus surrounded by electron cloud is Bohr's model of atom.

According to the Bohr's model item the positive charge of the atom is present in a small concentrated part called nucleus which is surrounded by the electrons.

According to Neil Bohr, the electrons revolve around the nucleus in a stationary circular orbit which do not changes the energy of the electron which describes the stability of the atom.

The stationery level of orbits was represented by the letters K, L, M, N,... respectively. This model of atom was applicable to the one electrons species like the Alpha particles and the hydrogen atoms.

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The volume, in liters, of oxygen that will be used to completely burn 200 liters of hydrogen would be 100 liters.

Oxygen and hydrogen gas reacts with each other to form water according to the following balanced equation:

[tex]2H_2 + O_2 --- > 2H_2O[/tex]

The volume ratio of the hydrogen gas to oxygen gas from the balanced equation is 2:1. Following this ratio, every 1 liter of hydrogen will require 0.5 liters of oxygen.

Now, the equivalent amount of oxygen that will be required for 200 liters of hydrogen can be calculated as follows:

1 liter hydrogen = 0.5 liter oxygen

200 liters hydrogen = 200 x 0.5/1

                                  = 100 liters.

In other words, the amount of oxygen that will be used to completely burn 200 liters of hydrogen would be 100 liters.

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