Proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides are examples of biopolymers; lipids are not. They don't contain repeated monomer units. Since lipids are mostly composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, they are typically nonpolar. Their structures might also contain phosphate, oxygen, or nitrogen atoms.
How do the other three macromolecules compare to lipids?
Lipids. Lipids don't form long sequences made up of identical or repeating smaller units, unlike the other macromolecules, and they are not soluble in water. The fats you eat are triglyceride molecules, which are made up of three fatty acids bound to a glycerol.
What distinguishes lipids from the other three classes?
Lipids, which are shorter than the other three and have a higher energy content, are not polymers. Our cell membrane contains a number of crucial lipids. Additionally, lipids have a higher energy density per gram than carbohydrates, yet carbohydrates are easier to digest and release energy from than lipids.
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pressure has little effect on the solubility of liquids and solids because they are almost incompressible.truefalse
The right answer is true. It is accurate to say that because liquids and solids are almost incompressible, pressure has little impact on their solubility.
We are aware that the concept of compressibility refers to how the study object's qualities can alter simply by applying pressure on it. Whether or not a solid, liquid, or gas can have a solubility that is influenced by the substance's pressure depends on the compressibility factor. We must keep in mind that when we discuss pressure in science, our thoughts must immediately turn to the force per unit area of the substance that is being investigated in each specific example. Because the solid and liquid have a fixed volume while the gas does not, the gas will take on the volume of the container it is carried in, proving that the solid and liquid are less compressible than the gas.
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It is accurate to say that because liquids and solids are nearly incompressible, pressure has minimal impact on their solubility.
Pressure has very little or no impact on how easily particles dissolve in liquid. This is due to the fact that solids and liquids are largely unaffected by changes in pressure due to their incompressibility. The solubility, which depends on gas pressure, is a measurement of the concentration of dissolved gas particles in the liquid. A gas's solubility increases with higher pressure while falling with lower pressure because of an increase in collision frequency. · The solubility of liquids and solids is mostly unaffected by external pressure. The concentration of dissolved gas molecules in the solution at equilibrium is higher at higher pressures because the concentration of molecules in the gas phase rises with increasing pressure.
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when a gas expands, what is the sign of ? why? when a gas contracts, what is the sign of ? why? what are the signs of and for the process of boiling water?
When a gas expands, the sign of w is negative.
When a gas contracts, the sign of w is positive.
The sign of w for the process of boiling water is negative.
In the first law of thermodynamics, the energy of the universe is constant. A system can change its internal energy through a flow of work, heat, or both, and therefore the total amount of heat energy and the total amount of work energy that goes in or out must be equal to the total internal energy change of the system (ΔE).
∆E = q + w
ΔE = change in internal energy
q = heat
w = work energy
When we add a property to the system from the surroundings, the sign is positive and when the system adds a property to the surroundings the sign is negative.
As the gas expands, the system does work on the surroundings so w is negative. As gas contracts, the surroundings do work on the system so w is positive. H2O(l) → H2O(g);To boil water, heat must be added so that q is positive. The molar volume of a gas is huge compared to the molar volume of a liquid. As a liquid converts to a gas, the system will expand its volume, performing work on the surroundings; w is negative.
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What are properties of basic oxide
Will the excited electron tay thi way? Why, why not? Ue your knowledge of attraction, electron and proton to explain what will happen next
By producing light, the electrons let off part or all of their extra energy.But an electron and a proton are attracted to one another.Another way to put it is that opposite charges attract each other whereas the same or "like" charges repel one another.
What takes place when protons and neutrons combine?Smaller subatomic particles make up protons and neutrons.Protons and neutrons exchange particles (mesons) when they are sufficiently close to one another, which fuses them together.When they are tied, it takes a lot of energy to unbind them.
A proton and an electron can they collide?No, I cannot.Because protons and electrons are separate species, this is the case.A proton and an electron can both annihilate with just an anti-proton (positron), but not the other way around.
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name the native mineral that is the best conductor of electricity. what is the one disadvantiage of this precious metal
Silver is the best conductor of electricity. Its main disadvantage is that it tarnishes when exposed to air. the native mineral that is the best conductor of electricity.
The Latin argentum and Sanskrit argunas, both meaning "bright," are where the word "Ag" originates. Even in the Stone Age, silver was used. Silver use dates back at least 5000 years, according to archaeological findings. When aesthetics is crucial, it is utilised for silver dinnerware and jewellery. As the greatest known visible light reflector, silver is utilised to build mirrors, even though it tarnishes with time. Electrical connections, batteries, solder and brazing alloys, dental alloys, and other products also use it.
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What is the difference of 5 1/4 and 1 3/4
the computer chip is made of silicone compound. explain the suitability of the silicone compound to make the chip.
Answer:
computer is a device used to make work easy and comfort
What is the relationship between the temperature and the rate of the reaction?
Positive
Negative
Neutral
The relationship between the temperature and the rate of the reaction is positive (option A).
What is a positive relationship?A positive relationship is one in which both variables tend to move in the same direction i.e. if one variable increases, the other tends to also increase. If one decreases, the other tends to also.
According to collision theory, a chemical reaction that takes place at a higher temperature generates more energy than a reaction at a lower temperature.
This is because colliding particles will have the required activation energy at high temperature and more successful collisions will take place.
The rate of of a reaction refers to the speed at which a chemical reaction occurs i.e. the conversion of reactants to products.
Therefore, a positive relationship exists between temperature and rate of a reaction.
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In a distillation process which liquid component of the mixture passes through the condenser first
a. true
b. false
TRUE, In a distillation process the one with the lower boiling point liquid component of the mixture passes through the condenser first
Simple distillation, as opposed to fractional distillation, is used to separate constituents in combinations with extremely different boiling temperatures. Fractional distillation is used for mixes comprising compounds with equivalent boiling points. Equipment for simple distillation consists of a distillation flask connected to a condenser. In contrast, the apparatus used for fractional distillation is the same as that for simple distillation with the exception of the installation of a second fractionating column between the condenser and the distillation flask. Fractional distillation employs a challenging apparatus called a fractionating column. A flask to contain the mixture, a condenser, and a flask to gather the purified components are the only components needed for the setup. Fractional distillation is used in the refinement of crude oil.
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Commercial grade hcl solutions are typically 39. 0% (by mass) hcl in water. Determine the molarity of the hcl if the solution has a density of 1. 20 g ml-1.
The molarity of a commercial grade of HCl solution with a density of 1.20 g/ml is 12.8 M.
What is molarity?The term "molar concentration" (also known as "molarity," "amount concentration," or "substance concentration") refers to the amount of a substance per unit volume of solution and is used to describe the concentration of a chemical species, specifically a solute, in a solution.
The most common measure of molarity in chemistry is the number of moles per litre, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units. A solution with a concentration of 1 mol/L is referred to as 1 molar, or 1 M. The most popular unit of measurement for molal concentration or molarity is moles of solute per litre of solution.
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identify the lewis acid in the following reaction: hg2+(aq)+4cn−(aq)⇌hg(cn)42−(aq)
a. hg2+
b. cn−
c. hg(cn)42−
Hg2+ is Lewis Acid.
According to the Lewis definition, a species that donates a lone pair of electrons acts as a Lewis base, and a species that accepts a lone pair of electrons acts as a Lewis acid.
In other words, a neutral or negatively charged species with a lone pair of electrons can act as a Lewis base, and a species with an empty orbital (an incomplete octet) which can acquire a lone pair of electrons are Lewis acid.
In case of the following reaction: hg2+(aq)+4cn−(aq)⇌hg(cn)42−(aq)
Here, the Hg2+ ion receives four pairs of electrons from the CN- ions because it possesses vacant orbitals.
So, Hg2+ is Lewis acid here.
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why is the dough fermented and proofed? at what temperature should fermentation take place, ideally?
Because it improves food preservation and breaks down the sugars in the dough, the dough is fermented and proofed.
The ideal temperature for fermentation is 85° F.
What is fermentation?
Anaerobic degradation of molecules like glucose occurs chemically during fermentation.
What is proofing?
When making yeast bread and other baked goods, the process of proving involves letting the dough rest and rise one last time before baking. While the dough is resting, yeast ferments it and releases gases, leavening the dough.
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prepare a detailed flow sheet for the isolation and purification of 1-bromobutane. help
Here is a detailed flow sheet for the isolation and purification of 1-bromobutane:
Start with a sample of 1-bromobutane, which can be synthesized from butane through a bromination reaction.
Dissolve the 1-bromobutane in a solvent such as diethyl ether or hexane.
Extract the 1-bromobutane from the solvent using a separatory funnel. This can be done by adding a small amount of water to the solvent mixture and shaking it vigorously to allow the 1-bromobutane to dissolve in the water. The 1-bromobutane will then separate from the solvent as an upper layer.
Drain the upper layer of 1-bromobutane into a clean container, being careful to leave any impurities behind in the separatory funnel.
Dry the 1-bromobutane by adding anhydrous magnesium sulfate or another drying agent to the container and stirring the mixture until the drying agent has absorbed any moisture.
Filter the 1-bromobutane through filter paper to remove any solid impurities.
Distill the 1-bromobutane to purify it further. This can be done by heating the 1-bromobutane in a distillation setup and collecting the distillate as it comes off the still. The 1-bromobutane will boil at a higher temperature than most impurities, so it will be collected in a separate fractions.
Once the 1-bromobutane has been distilled, it can be collected and stored for future use. It is important to handle 1-bromobutane with care, as it is flammable and can be harmful if inhaled or ingested.
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Here is a detailed flow sheet for the isolation and purification of 1-bromobutane:
Start with a sample of 1-bromobutane, which can be synthesized from butane through a bromination reaction.
Dissolve the 1-bromobutane in a solvent such as diethyl ether or hexane.
Extract the 1-bromobutane from the solvent using a separatory funnel. This can be done by adding a small amount of water to the solvent mixture and shaking it vigorously to allow the 1-bromobutane to dissolve in the water. The 1-bromobutane will then separate from the solvent as an upper layer.
Drain the upper layer of 1-bromobutane into a clean container, being careful to leave any impurities behind in the separatory funnel.
Dry the 1-bromobutane by adding anhydrous magnesium sulfate or another drying agent to the container and stirring the mixture until the drying agent has absorbed any moisture.
Filter the 1-bromobutane through filter paper to remove any solid impurities.
Distill the 1-bromobutane to purify it further. This can be done by heating the 1-bromobutane in a distillation setup and collecting the distillate as it comes off the still. The 1-bromobutane will boil at a higher temperature than most impurities, so it will be collected in a separate fractions.
Once the 1-bromobutane has been distilled, it can be collected and stored for future use. It is important to handle 1-bromobutane with care, as it is flammable and can be harmful if inhaled or ingested.
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I a type of repiratory hazard which uually conit of gaeou material and particulate and reult from operation uch a paint praying
Particulate Contamination Workplace Respiratory Hazards is a type of respiratory hazard which usually consist of gaseous material and particulate and result from operation such paint praying.
Respiratory hazard is a type of hazard being exposed to worker of employees in a certain condition and situation in his/her workplace ranging from lack of oxygen as well as exposure of hazardous materials such as gas, dust, mites, fumes, smokes, and contamination such as biological (viral and bacterial) contamination, etc which may result in a respiratory disease and problems. There are four types of respiratory hazards namely Oxygen-deficient hazard, gas or vapor respiratory hazard, particulate contamination respiratory hazard, and biological contamination hazard.
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Your question seems to be missing but I assume your question was:
"________ is a type of respiratory hazard which usually consist of gaseous material and particulate and result from operation such paint praying."
when (r)-butan-2-ol is treated with tscl in pyridine, the product formed is: group of answer choices a mixture of diastereomers. an achial compound. none of the above a racemic mixture. a single enantiomer.
when (r)-butan-2-ol is treated with tscl in pyridine, the product formed is the single enantiomer.
When the (r)-butan-2-ol is treated with tscl in pyridine, the product formed is the single enantiomer. the single enantiomer are also called as the single isomers or the stereoisomers. the enantiomers are the pair of the molecules or compound that will exist in the two forms that are the mirror image of the each other but they are not superimposable mirror to each other. the images which are the superimposable mirror image to each other is called as achiral compound.
Thus, a single enantiomer is formed as the product when the (r)-butan-2-ol is treated with tscl in pyridine.
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A substance is followed by the symbol (I) in a chemical equation what does the symbol represent
Answer:
It's a liquid
Explanation:
The (l) is one of the four state symbols. You also have (s) for solid, (g) for gas and (aq) for aqueous - something in a solution. Hope this helps!!
Answer:
liquid
Explanation:
the scientific symbol of liquid is represented by l
the decomposition of ozone to oxygen 2o3 to 3o2 what is the elemental composition and net charge of the activated complex for the rate determining step of this reaction
The amount of reactant and product that changes per unit of time is the rate expression for the reaction. The change in reactant and product concentration over time is depicted by the rate expression.
Although it is unnecessarily simplified, the rate expression (3.35) has been found to be extremely useful in many situations. Let's define a basic reaction so that we can continue our conversation. A reaction is considered to be elementary if the reactants (or reacting molecules) always respond stoichiometrically. For instance, in an elementary reaction, A and B can spontaneously transform into C when they come into contact without needing to do any further action. Therefore, idealised reactions or reaction stages are considered elementary reactions.
The rate of disappearance of ozone is the rate of difference of O3 is divided by 2.
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chlorofluorocarbons: select one: a. react to destroy ozone. b. are beneficial for the environment. c. react to produce ozone. d. combine with dust particles to form aerosols that cool the earth.
Option A, chlorofluorocarbons(CFC) react to destroy ozone. This leads to various harmful activities on the earth like global warming.
When gaseous CFCs slowly ascend into the stratosphere, are oxidized by strong UV light, release chlorine atoms, and then interact with ozone molecules, they can weaken the ozone layer. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) come into touch with the Ozone layer as they rise upward and toward the stratosphere. As a result, the chlorofluorocarbons(CFC) molecules are split apart by UV light, releasing chlorine atoms that can destroy ozone molecules in a chemical process. The stratospheric ozone protects against ultraviolet rays.
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watch the animation and identify the correct conditions for forming a hydrogen bond. check all that apply.
When a hydrogen atom forms a covalent link with an N, O, or F atom, hydrogen bonding takes place. Only a few substances that contain hydrogen can form a hydrogen bond.
What is hydrogen bond and examples?An attraction involving two atoms that also take part in other chemical connections is known as a hydrogen bond. Any electronegative oxygen, including oxygen, chlorine, or fluorine, may make up the other atom, whereas one of the atoms is hydrogen. Between atoms or between two different molecules, hydrogen bonds can develop between the atoms.
How can a hydrogen bond be recognized?Examine the material's Lewis structure to determine whether hydrogen bonds are conceivable. As with carbon and nitrogen, a electronegative atom requires one or more unbounded electron pairs and a minus partial charge.
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why do acids react with carbonates?
Answer:
This is because the carbonate ion (CO32-) is a base, and when it reacts with an acid, it neutralizes the acid and forms a salt. The carbon dioxide that is produced is a byproduct of this reaction.
Explanation:
The reaction between an acid and a carbonate can be represented by the following general equation:
Acid + Carbonate --> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
For example, the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) can be written as:
HCl + Na2CO3 --> 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
In this equation, hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate react to form sodium chloride (table salt), water, and carbon dioxide.
It's important to note that not all acids will react with carbonates. For example, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a strong acid, but it does not react with carbonates. This is because sulfuric acid is a strong dehydrating agent and will remove water from the reaction, preventing the formation of carbon dioxide.
This is the amino group of an amino acid.
This is the R group of an amino acid.
A protein has been made from the polymerization of amino acids. ;
O A nucleic acid has been made from the polymerization of nitrogenous bases
From the given conditions in the question, it is evident that a protein has been made from the polymerization of amino acids.
What are amino acids?
Amino acids are defined as the substances which are considered to be the monomers of proteins.Every amino acid has the same structure consisting of a central carbon which is bonded to an amino group , carboxyl group and a hydrogen.
Each amino acid also has another atom or a group of atoms bonded to the alpha carbon which are also known as the R group or the variable group of the side chain.There are 20 common amino acids present in natural proteins and each amino acid has the same backbone.
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a multiple dilution is performed on a sample with initial concentration of 1650 mg/dl. five tubes are used in the dilution. the sample is diluted 1/5 (tube 1), 1/2 (tube 2), 1/4 (tube 3), 1/5 tube 4), 1/10 (tube 5). what is the diluted concentration in each tube?
Five tubes with initial concentration of 1650 mg/dl , are used in the dilution. The diluted concentrations in each tube are 330 mg/dl, 825 mg/dl, 412.5 mg/dl, 330 mg/dl, and 165 mg/dl, respectively.
A multiple dilution is a process of diluting a sample with a known concentration to create a series of dilutions that can be tested further. In this case, a sample with an initial concentration of 1650 mg/dl is to be diluted in five tubes. The dilution concentrations are 1/5 (tube 1), 1/2 (tube 2), 1/4 (tube 3), 1/5 (tube 4), and 1/10 (tube 5).
To calculate the diluted concentration in each tube, the initial concentration must be multiplied by the dilution factor. The dilution factor is the inverse of the dilution ratio. For example, for a 1/5 dilution, the dilution factor is 5.
The diluted concentration in each tube is then as follows:
Tube 1: 1650 mg/dl x 1/5 = 330 mg/dl
Tube 2: 1650 mg/dl x 1/2 = 825 mg/dl
Tube 3: 1650 mg/dl x 1/4 = 412.5 mg/dl
Tube 4: 1650 mg/dl x 1/5 = 330 mg/dl
Tube 5: 1650 mg/dl x 1/10 = 165 mg/dl
Therefore, the diluted concentrations in each tube are 330 mg/dl, 825 mg/dl, 412.5 mg/dl, 330 mg/dl, and 165 mg/dl, respectively.
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a chemist needs to prepare 2.50 l of a 0.350 m solution of potassium permanganate (kmno4 ). what mass of kmno4 does she need to make the solution?
Mass of kmno4 does she need to make the solution is 128.375 g.
Data:-Volume = 2.5 L
Concentration = 0.325 M
Potassium permanganate (Molar mass )= 39 + 55 + (16 x 4) = 158 g
Calculate the moles of KMnO₄
Formula
Molarity = moles/volumemoles = molarity x volume
moles = 0.325 x 2.5
moles = .8125
Calculate the grams of KMnO₄
158 g KMnO₄ ------------------ 1 mol
x ------------------ .8125
x = (1.95 x 158)/1
x = 128.375 g
What distinguishes mole molarity from molality?The amount of a solute in moles to all the liters of a solution is known as its molarity. The solvent and solute are both present in the solution. The ratio of the moles of a solute to the kilograms of a solvent is known as molality, on the other hand.
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a 2.4 l sample of gas is placed in a container at 25oc and 2 atm of pressure. if the temperature is raised to 50oc and the volume is changed to 5.6 l, what is the new pressure?
The new pressure is 0.929atm.
Solution:
2*2.4L/298K = P₂ * 5.6L/323K
P₂ = 0.929atm.
So, Now the pressure will be 0.929atm.
Force normal to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. At a point in the gas, pressure acts in all directions. At the surface of a gas, compressive forces act perpendicular to the surface. If the gas is moving as a whole, the measured pressure will be different in the direction of movement.
A simple example of pressure can be seen by holding a knife against a piece of fruit. Placing the flat part of the knife on the fruit will not cut the surface. The force is distributed over a wide area. Pressure is defined as the physical force exerted on an object. The force applied is normal to the surface of the object per unit area.
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An organic compound of molecular formula c3h6o there are 2 compound having ame formula A ha fruity mell while B releae hydrogen with mg identify a and b and give chem reaction for the proce involved and ugget a method to convert b to a and what relation between A and B why
Structural and Organic Formula of Acetone: Acetone Formula (C3H6O) (Propanone) So, Both propanal and propanone are isomers of the substance having the chemical formula C 3 H 6 O.
What is the straightforward meaning of compound?A substance in science that is created through the chemical joining of two or more distinct elements Table salt (NaCl), which is derived from the elements sodium and chloride, and water (H2O), which is created from the elements hydrogen and oxygen, are two examples of compounds.
Why is water a compound?Because water molecules make up its composition, water is a compound. Atoms made of water don't exist. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms are found in a certain ratio of two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen in the structure of water molecules.
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what is the net ionic equation when an aqueous solution of silver nitrate is added to an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate?
Ionic equation is :-Na2CO3(aq) + Mg(NO3)2 (aq) → MgCO3(s) + 2NaNO3 (aq)
Now ,the full ionic equation .
2Na+(aq) + CO3 2-(aq) + Mg2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq)→MgCO3(s) + 2Na+(aq) + NO3- aq)
Then you can also write net ionic equation, remains is the net ionic equation are:-CO3 2- (aq) + Mg 2+(aq) → MgCO3(s)
What can we infer from the net ionic equation?A complete ionic equation also contains the spectator ions, whereas a net ionic equation just displays the chemical species that are involved in a reaction.
How does the reaction NaCl aq)+ agno3 AQ)-> nano3 aq)+ AgCl S work?AgNO3 and NaCl react to form AgCl (silver chloride) and NaNO3 (sodium nitrate) when exposed to sodium chloride (NaCl) and AgNO3 (silver nitrate). A twofold displacement reaction would look like this.
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which step in balancing reactions is incorrect and why? step 1: count the atoms on the reactant and product sides step 2: change the subscript step 3: recount the atoms step 4: continue to change the coefficient and recount atoms until the number of atoms is equal on each side of the reaction
Changing the coefficients solely affects the quantity of molecules in that specific chemical. However, modifying the subscripts will change the substance itself, rendering your chemical equation incorrect. The correct option to this question is step 2.
Chemistry makes good use of the ability to balance chemical equations. The concept that atoms and molecules commonly interact to form new molecules is the foundation of chemical reactions.
(1) Use word equations to describe the chemical reaction, placing the reactants on the left and the products on the right. (2) Include the symbol and formula for each reactant and product in the equation in words. (3) Balance the equation by multiplying the formula and symbol numbers by the lowest integers.
Balancing a chemical equation is crucial for understanding a chemical reaction. This is to reveal the number of moles that are reacting and generating. It also indicates how many electrons were moved from one chemical to another.
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given that rotenone and antimycin a are equally effective in blocking their respective sites in the electron transport chain, which would be a more potent poison? why?
Answer: antimycin A is more potent than rotenone.Rotenone only inhibits electrons flow into the election transport chain at Complex 1 (electrons from NADH are restricted) Complex II (electrons for fatty acyl-CoA and FADH2) does not get affected by rotenone and so even though ETC becomes slow it does not stop completely.
Explanation:
what is the molar mass of a gas with an average velocity of 369 m/s at 350. k provide answer in g/mol to 3 significant figures.
The molar mass of a gas with an average velocity of 369 m/s at 350. k provide answer in g/mol to 3 significant figures is 64.1 g/mol.
Calculation:-
(Velocity)² = 3RT/M
M = 3RT/(velocity)²
= 3x8.3145J/k.mol x 350k/(369m/s)²
= 0.0641 kg/mol.
Molar mass = 64.1 g/mol
Average velocity is a measure of total displacement divided by using overall time. the whole displacement is the space between the start and endpoints. seeing that the auto movements from point A at both the start and stop points the entire displacement is zero and the average speed is likewise 0.
Speed is the gap traveled consistent with unit of time, the velocity of motion. the velocity of a automobile visiting on a smooth, flat section of a motorway with out visitors congestion is steady and now not zero. Acceleration is the rate of exchange of speed. The purpose is simple. pace is the percentage of time an object movements alongside a path and speed is the rate and course of an object's movement.
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Which choice is not true of a liquid in a glass capillary with a convex meniscus?
The liquid has strong cohesive forces.
The liquid level will be lower inside the capillary when a capillary is inserted into a bowl of the liquid.
The liquid will have a convex meniscus as it moves in the capillary.
The behavior of the liquid is driven by strong interactions with the capillary glass.
The decision is not valid for a liquid in a glass capillary with a convex meniscus since the liquid's behavior is strongly influenced by its interactions with the glass. As a result, choice D is right.
Describe glass capillary.Glass capillaries have external sizes that range greatly, from 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm. For the purpose of gathering x-ray data, they are designed to mount, hold, and store biological macromolecular crystals as well as small molecules.
The water in a thin tube submerged in water rises due to the forces of attraction between the water molecules and the glass walls as well as the water molecules themselves.
The gravitational pull of the water column, which has risen to a characteristic height, is only balanced by these attractive forces.
Therefore, choice D is correct.
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