The comples has 6 ligands the geometry is Octahedral.
What is Octahedral?Octahedral is a geometric shape that has eight faces, each of which is an equilateral triangle. The shape has six vertices, and each vertex is connected to four other vertices, creating a three-dimensional structure. Octahedral shapes are commonly found in nature, but they can also be found in architecture and art. They are used as decoration on buildings and as part of sculptures. Octahedral shapes are often used to represent the elements in chemistry and can also be used to represent atoms and molecules. They are also used in mathematics, particularly in group theory, to represent the symmetries of an object.
The One of the Geometry can be Octahedral.
F-1: negative ligand
Central metal vanadium (V), with +3 oxidation state and complex have -3 change.
Based on this information we are going to find number of ligands (F-1)
[VFx]-3
Where,
-3 is the complex charge
V oxidation state is +3
x is the number of ligands.
So,
(+3) + x (-1) = -3
3 – x = 3
x = 6
This means this complex have 6 ligands.
Hence the complex is,
[VF6]-3
And if the comples has 6 ligands the geometry is Octahedral.
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An atom of the isotope bromine-80 consists of how many protons (p), neutrons (n), and electrons (e)? a) 45p, 35n, 45e b) 45p, 45n, 35e c) 35p, 45n, 35e d) 35p, 35n, 45e e) none of the above
An atom of the isotope bromine-80 consists of protons (p) = 35 neutrons (n) = 45 and electrons (e) =35. So option c is correct.
Calculation of number of protons and electrons as mentioned in the question will be as follows
For Br - 80
Z=35 and A = 80
A = mass number
Z = number of protons
As it is a neutral species, so
number of protons = number of electrons = z = 35
Calculation of number of neutrons
We know, Mass number (A) = number of protons (Z)+ number of neutrons (n)
So, number of neutrons =A−Z =80 − 35 = 45
So the answer will be
p=35
e−= 35
n= 45
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3. Name the following organic compounds
Answer:
Hydrocarbons. Alkanes. Alkenes. Alkynes.
Cyclic Hydrocarbons.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
Alcohols.
consider the fictional case of the incredible shrinking man. if he shrinks proportionately to 1/10 his original height, his weight will be multiplied by question 11 options: 0.1 0.001 0.0001 0.01
The final weight of the shrinking man will be reduced by 1/10 of its original weight.
Given that is a fictional shrinking man shrinks proportionately to 1/10 his original height.
Let's assume that the weight to be W.
W = mg
m = ρV {ρ is density}
⇒ W = ρVg
Consider the body to be cylinder of radius r and height h,
W = πr²ρgh
Then, the initial weight will be,
W = πr²ρgh
After shrinking weight is,
W' = πr²ρgh/10
Then,
W'/W = {πr²ρgh/10}/{πr²ρgh}
W'/W = πr²ρgh/10 x 1/πr²ρgh
W'/W = 1/10
W' = W/10
Hence, the final weight will be reduced by 1/10 of its original weight.
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g during alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is converted into acetyl coa and carbon dioxide. pyruvate is ultimately converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. pyruvate is oxidized to acetaldehyde. pyruvate is ultimately converted into acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide.
The fermentation of ethanol is a two-step procedure.The initial transformations of pyruvate (pyruvic acid) are to carbon dioxide & acetaldehyde.
What causes pyruvate to turn into ethanol?The answer is "yes," or "no."Pyruvate molecules are used in the fermentation process (more particularly, the alcoholic fermentation) to create ethanol.Alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase are the extra enzymes at play.
How does fermentation make ethanol?Yeast is a single-celled microbe that is fed to the slurry during fermentation.As yeast break down glucose, a biological process known as fermentation takes place.Yeast receives energy from glucose.Consequently, ethanol is created.
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a proton is created in the electron transport chain where protons move from the to the through an enzyme called where is made.
In the electron transport chain, a proton is produced as protons flow from one to the other through an enzyme called ATP synthase.
ATP synthase works in the F1 sector to create ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). Energy from a gradient of protons that pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane from the intermembrane gap into the matrix through the Fo section of the enzyme makes this possible.
During the process of cellular respiration, an enzyme called ATP synthase produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) directly. The primary energy molecule used by cells is ATP.
The process of making ATP entails the movement of electrons from the intermembrane region back to the matrix via the inner membrane. The pH difference between the membrane's two sides is caused by the transport of electrons from the matrix to the intermembrane gap (about 1.4 pH units).
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he presence of n atoms in a compound can sometimes be inferred from the molecular mass. match the number of n atoms to the effect on the molecular mass
The presence of n atoms in a compound can sometimes be inferred from the molecular mass, even number of N atoms but 0 N atoms.
A nucleus and one or more electrons connected to it make up each atoms. The nucleus is composed of one or more protons and a sizable number of neutrons. Only the most common kind of hydrogen has no neutrons. Each neutral or ionized atom makes up a solid, liquid, gas, or type of plasma. Atoms are very small, with an average diameter of 100 picometers. They are so small because of quantum phenomena that classical physics cannot accurately predict their behavior, as it would be the case, for instance, if they were tennis balls. More than 99.94% of the mass of an atom is found in its nucleus. Protons have a positive electric charge, while electrons have a negative charge and neutrons have no electric charge. If the protons and electrons in the atom are equal, the atom is electrically neutral. If an atom has more electrons than protons, it has an overall charge of either positive or negative; these atoms are referred to as ions.
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26. In Rutherford's alpha scattering experiment, a few of the alpha particles aimed at a thin gold foil bounced back because
A. The positively charged alpha particles were repelled by a negatively charged nucleus in the gold atom.
B. The positively charged alpha particles were repelled by a positively charged nucleus in the gold atom.
C. The negatively charged alpha particles were repelled by a negatively charged nucleus in the gold atom.
D. The negatively charged alpha particles were attracted to a positively charged nucleus in the gold atom.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The positively charged alpha particles were repelled by a negatively charged nucleus in the gold atom.
The equilibrium constant, K, determines the position of equilibrium in an esterification reaction. Which of these K values describes the most efficient reaction?
a) K = 0.0056
b) K = 5.4
c) K = 0.079
d) K = 1
Answer:
The correct answer is "d) K = 1."
Explanation:
This is because a value of K = 1 indicates that the reaction has reached equilibrium, meaning that the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal and the concentration of reactants and products is not changing. This is the most efficient state for the reaction because it means that the maximum amount of product has been produced with the least amount of reactant consumed. By contrast, values of K less than 1 indicate that the reaction has not yet reached equilibrium, and the concentration of reactants and products is still changing. This means that the reaction is not yet efficient, and more reactants will be needed to produce the same amount of product. Finally, values of K greater than 1 indicate that the reaction has passed equilibrium, and the concentration of products is starting to decrease. This means that the reaction is no longer efficient, and the excess products will be wasted.
if the manipulation of the iv is weakened and all else is held constant, which of the following would be expected to occur?
Option ( a) is correct because In F ratio, numerator is the mean sum of square due to regression or controlled variable. And of we manipulate or weakened the independent variable, then numeretor is also weekened or week. if the manipulation of the iv is weakened and all else is held constant
Regression analysis is a statistical method for connecting a dependent variable to one or more independent (explanatory) variables. A regression model can demonstrate whether variations in the dependent variable are related to variations in one or more explanatory variables. Regress is derived from the Latin word "regressus," which means to return (to something). Regression is the method that, in this way, enables "going back" from muddled, difficult-to-interpret data to a clearer and more significant model.
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moseley's work led to the realization that elements with similar properties occurred at regular intervals when the elements were arranged in order of increasing
Moseley's work led to the realization that elements with similar properties occurred at regular intervals when the elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
The periodic table was arranged by atomic mass, and this nearly always gives the same order as the atomic number. However, there were some exceptions (like iodine and tellurium, see above), which didn’t work. Mendeleev had seen that they needed to be swapped around, but it was Moseley that finally determined it.
He fired the newly-developed X-ray gun at samples of the elements, and measured the wavelength of X-rays given. He used this to calculate the frequency and found that when the square root of this frequency was plotted against atomic number, the graph showed a perfect straight line. He’d found a way to actually measure atomic number.
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. BONUS QUESTION (1 point): Diazonium salt can be used to synthesize Aryl-Aryl coupling product below: NaOH H3C -NEN H- H3C- + H3C CI нас Which building block below would you use to synthesize the following cross- coupling products using Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling named reactions. Hint 1: Look up what Suzuki, Heck, Negishi, and Stille reactions are. Hint 2: Red bold bond is the disconnecting point. (a) Suzuki Cross-Coupling: (0.25 points) CF3 [Pd] + H3CO (b) Heck Cross-Coupling: (0.25 points) CN [Pd] who HzCÓ CN (c) Stille Cross-Coupling: (0.25 points) Hzco [Pd] 300 F C CH3 (d) Negishi Cross-Coupling: (0.25 points) нсо CH3 [Pd] wo CH3
To synthesize the following cross- coupling products using Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling named reactions.
Step 1: Suzuki Cross-Coupling reaction
It is a reaction between Organo halides and organoborane. The given reaction is as follows,
A catalytic cycle including three primary stages governs the Suzuki coupling mechanism. Oxidative addition, transmetalation, and reductive elimination are the three methods.
The oxidative addition of aryl halides to the complex is the first step, which results in intermediate 1, Pd(2) species. In transmetalation, an organoborane molecule combines with intermediate 1 under the influence of a base to produce intermediate 2. Reductive elimination is then used to produce the required product and regenerate the original species.
Step 2: Heck Cross-Coupling reaction
It is a reaction between Organohalide and Olefins. It is also a substitution reaction of alkene. The reaction is as follows,
CN pd Rocha = H₂CO.CN Х 4 / осн, Ne Ne (х= cl, % ) Bor.
The Heck reaction uses palladium as a catalyst and a base to cross-couple an organohalide with an alkene to produce a substituted alkene. The reaction starts with the aryl halide being oxidatively added to the palladium, followed by coordination and migratory insertion of the olefin into the palladium.
Bond rotation relieves steric strain by placing the two groups trans to each other, and subsequent -hydride elimination results in a trans final product. The catalyst is regenerated through base-mediated reductive elimination.
Step 3: Stille Cross-Coupling reaction
It is a coupling reaction between organohalide and oregano stannane. The reaction is as follows,
H2C0 [Pd],[]。 f,с H₂Cg sn R / си» R (x = (1, Bo, 2, 074) o x clI, R= alkyl group) eg -CH₂ , Et -Bu ehe
The organic reaction of an organohalide with an organostannane compound to yield the coupled product using a palladium catalyst is known as the Stille cross-coupling reaction. The oxidative addition of the organohalide to the complex to generate the Pd(2) complex is the first step in the mechanism.
The R group of the organostannane reagent replaces the halide anion on the palladium complex in transmetalation with the organostannane. The final coupled product is then produced by reductive elimination, which regenerates the palladium catalyst and allows the catalytic cycle to restart.
Step 4: Negishi Cross-Coupling reaction
It is a coupling reaction between organohalide and organozinc.
The reaction is as follows, 40 CH 3 не -Х x 4 4 с нс 5 е = х = с15 т, ), ( ал, мм) OTJ, GA pd1 Осн; Pe CH₃ -on) Hica сN,
The Negishi cross-coupling process, which uses a palladium or nickel catalyst, is an organic reaction in which an organohalide reacts with an organozinc molecule to produce the coupled product.
The oxidative addition of the organohalide to the Pd(0) to produce a Pd(II) complex is the first step in the palladium-catalyzed process. The R group of the organozinc reagent subsequently substitutes the halide anion on the palladium complex, resulting in a zinc(II) halide salt. The final coupled product is then produced by reductive elimination, which regenerates the catalyst and restarts the catalytic cycle.
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all of the following statements are true except some enzymes change shape and regular molecules either activators or inhibitors. enzymes are carbohydrates. enzymes are very sensitive
The invalid option is Enzymes are carbohydrates. Because the enzymes are generally proteins.
Enzymes are the protein molecules. Enzymes are the biological catalyst which can increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy for the reaction by combining with the reagents but without undergoing any permanent chemical change.
Enzymes lower the activation energy necessary for the reaction to occur. This allows the reaction to happen more quickly than it would without an enzyme present.
The enzyme is not destroyed during the reaction and can be reused.
So, we can state that the wrong answer is enzymes are carbohydrates.
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pollution concentration is group of answer choices always higher during the day than at night. determined solely by the wind speed.
Daytime pollution levels are always higher than nighttime levels. the amount of a contaminant contained in a certain amount of air.
Does pollution increase at night?
This is because as the temperature drops at night, the atmosphere traps pollutants such as CO2 from cars and other sources in the home and close to the ground. If the home's interior areas are inadequately ventilated, the effect is even more pronounced.
How does wind speed affect air pollution?
Air pollutants spread when the wind moves them away from their source. In general, the more contaminants are spread and the lower their concentration, the higher the wind speed.
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Using the count data and observational data you acquired, calculate the number of CFUs in the original sample. Number of CFUs - 54000000 CFUS You discover that the plate you selected had only been inoculated with 0.1mL of the dilution instead of 1ml. Using the count data and observational data you acquired, re-calculate the number of CFUs in the original sample. Number of CFUS = 1540000000 CFUS
The number of CFU's in the original sample is 540000000.
The colony forming unit stands for (CFU) is a measure of viable colonogenic cell numbers in CFU/mL. CFU's are an indication of the number of cells that remain viable enough to proliferate and form small colonies.
CFU/ml = [Number of colonies ][Dilution factor]/Volume of cultre plate
In the question , Volume of cultre sample=0.1 ml
Dilution factor = Final volume/Sample volume
= 0.1 ml/1 ml
= 0.1 ml
Let x be the number of colonies,
CFU =[x 1/10] /0.1 =540000000
x = 540000000 × 0.1 × 10
= 540000000
Therefore CFU in the original sample = [540000000 × 1/10 ] /0.1
= 540000000
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Consider the reaction: 2H20l^2H2(g) +02(g) Using standard thermodynamic data at 298K, calculate the free energy change when 2.47 moles of H20) react at standard conditions. xn
The free energy change when 2.47 moles of H20) react at standard conditions is -585.884 KJ/mol.
[tex]\Delta G reaction = \Delta G of product - \Delta G of reactant[/tex]
[tex]\Delta G of H2 (g) = 0 kJ/mol , \Delta G of O2(g) = 0 KJ/mol , \Delta G of H2O(l) = -237.2 KJ/mol[/tex]
[tex]\Delta G of reaction[/tex] = (2 x 0+ 0) + ( 2 * -237.2)
= 0 + (- 474.4)
= -474.4 KJ/Mol
[tex]\Delta[/tex]G of reaction for 2 moles of water = -474.4 KJ/mol
[tex]\Delta[/tex]G of reaction for 2.47 moles water = -474.4 * 2.47/2
= -585.884 KJ/mol
As there are 2 moles of hydrogen gas and 1 mole of oxygen gas in the product but only 2 moles of liquid in the reactant. Therefore the entropy of the reaction is increasing in the product. Hence the reaction is Product favored.
[tex]\Delta G of reaction = \Delta H - T\Delta S[/tex]
485 KJ = 571.6 KJ - 265 [tex]\Delta S[/tex]
485 - 571.6 = -265[tex]\Delta S[/tex]
-86.6 = -265[tex]\Delta S[/tex]
-86.6/-265 = [tex]\Delta S[/tex]
0.32679 KJ/mol =[tex]\Delta S[/tex]
0.32679 *1000 =[tex]\Delta S[/tex]
326.79 J/K = [tex]\Delta S[/tex]
[tex]\Delta[/tex]S for 2 moles of water is =326.79 J/K
[tex]\Delta[/tex]S for 2.47 moles of water = 326.79 * 2.47/ 2
[tex]\Delta S[/tex] = 403.58 J/ K
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a compound with a molecular formula c8h15clo3 has the following 1h nmr spectrum. the ir spectrum shows a strong absorption at 1800 cm-1. which of the following structures is consistent with this spectrum?
Simply counting the amount of unique hydrogens on one side of the symmetry plane will give you the number of signals these molecules emit in a 1H NMR spectrum.
How are 13c NMR peaks recognized?
No two carbons exist in the same environment exactly. The peak at slightly over 50 must be a carbon with a single bond connecting it to an oxygen. The two carbons at either end of a carbon-carbon double bond must be responsible for the two peaks at 130. The carbon in a double bond between carbon and oxygen peaks at just around 170.
Which chemical shift range does the 13c NMR have?
Compared to protons, organic molecules' 13C nuclei's chemical shifts can range up to 200 ppm, while protons' shifts only reach 12 ppm (see Table 3 for a list of typical 13C-NMR chemical shifts).
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make a rule that helps you predict the forumlas of ionic compounds formed between metal and nonmetal elements
The rule that helps you predict the formulas of ionic compounds formed between metal and nonmetal elements is by determining the charges of the ions by using the periodic table. Metal elements tend to lose electrons and form positive ions, while nonmetal elements tend to gain electrons and form negative ions.
Determine the ratio of cations to anions required to produce a neutral compound. This can be accomplished by finding the lowest common multiple of the charges of the ions and utilizing that as the ratio. Write the formula taking up symbols of the elements and the suitable ratio of ions. For example, if the cation is magnesium and the anion is chloride, the formula for the compound would be MgCl₂, implying that there are two chloride ions for every magnesium ion.
But this is simply a general rule and there may be exceptions.
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when determining the absolute age of a rock, scientists measure the radioactive decay of isotope to isotope. this process is called dating.
i) Absolute dating method is used to measure absolute age of a rock using radioactive decay of isotope.
ii) The working of this Absolute dating was discussed below:
Working of absolute datingBy monitoring the radioactive decay of isotopes or the effects of radiation on the crystal structure of minerals, absolute dating techniques estimate the amount of time since rocks first formed. To help establish the age of rocks, paleomagnetism measures the ancient orientation of the Earth's magnetic field.
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Complete question:
To determining the absolute age of a rock, scientists measure the radioactive decay of isotope
i) What is name of this method?
ii) How this method works?
Starting with a primary alkyl bromide, which of the following results in an overall decrease in the length of the carbon skeleton by one carbon? a) substitute bromide with methoxide b) eliminate hydrogen bromide to produce an alkene, then cleave the double bond c) substitute bromide with acetylide, then reduce the alkyne to an alkene d) substitute bromide with acetylide, then cleave the triple bond
The number of carbons that are immediately surrounding the carbon to which the halide group is connected determines whether alkyl halides are primary, secondary, and tertiary. Therefore, the correct option is option B.
What is alkyl halide?Haloalkanes are another name for alkyl halides. Alkyl halides are substances in which halogen atoms have taken the place of hydrogen atoms in an alkane. The halogens can be chlorine, bromine, fluorine etc.
Starting with a primary alkyl bromide, if we want to reduce the length of the carbon skeleton by one carbon then we need to eliminate hydrogen bromide to produce an alkene, then cleave the double bond.
Therefore, the correct option is option B.
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Cells that have a high level of reactive oxygen species would need which of the following pathway(s) to be active in order to reduce the high level of oxidative stress?
A. Oxidative Phase of PPP
B. Non-Oxidative Phase of PPP
C. Glycolysis
D. Gluconeogenesis
More NADPH --> oxidative phase
non-oxidative phase--> fructose 6- bisphosphate and 3 glyceraldehyde
gluconeogensis: convert it to fructose 6- bisphosphate and 3 glyceraldehyde to make even more glucose
Since the cell needs high levels of NADPH. The pathways that would provide the most NADPH would be the oxidative phase of PPP, the non-oxidative phase of PPP producing fructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and gluconeogenesis using fructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to produce more glucose 6-phosphate that can be used to generate more NADPH.
The oxidative segment PPP is the pathway(s) to be active in order to reduce the high level of oxidative stress.
This segment is made up of two irreversible steps: Step 1: Glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized to shape lactone. NADPH is produced as a byproduct of this response as NADP +begin superscript, plus, cease superscript is decreased as glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized.
More NADPH --> oxidative phasenon-oxidative segment--> fructose 6- bisphosphate and three glyceraldehydegluconeogensis: convert it to fructose 6- bisphosphate and three glyceraldehyde to make even extra glucose
Since the mobileular wishes excessive ranges of NADPH. The pathways that might offer the maximum NADPH will be the oxidative segment of PPP, the non-oxidative segment of PPP generating fructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and gluconeogenesis the usage of fructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to provide extra glucose 6-phosphate that may be used to generate extra NADPH.
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medications that were widely available before the 1990s and that are effective in reducing only the symptoms of schizophrenia are called .
The first antipsychotic was chlorpromazine, which was then followed by numerous additional antipsychotics, many of which had different chemical structures, this is the initial method of treating schizophrenia.
The first antipsychotic was chlorpromazine, which was followed by numerous other antipsychotics, many of which had different chemical structures. About a quarter of people who have psychosis only experience one episode. Psychosis is a mental health condition that affects how people perceive or respond to their environment. Other therapies included brain tissue removal (lobotomies). From the 1930s to the 1940s, lobotomies were frequently used to treat schizophrenia, severe anxiety, and depression.
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How many moles of H2SO4 are in a 25ml sample of 0.25M H2SO4?
Answer:
Hope this answer will help you.
Explanation:
As we know that
morality =moles/vol.in liter
in order to no.of moles we simply multiply molarity with volume which is 0.025L
0.25×0.025=0.00625moles
part c.1. the water level in the co2(g)-collection cylinder is higher than the water level outside the cylinder. see margin drawing. (page 188).
Because a higher water level translates into a lower atmospheric pressure, the wet CO2 gas pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure.
Wet CO2 gas pressure is therefore lower than air pressure outside the collection cylinder if the water level inside is higher than the water level outside.
Why does gas accumulate over water?By displacing water, a gas created during a chemical reaction can be collected. As a result of being gathered over water, the gas is not pure and is instead combined with water vapor. By deducting the contribution of the water vapor, the amount of the desired gas can be calculated using Dalton's law.
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Using the thermodynamic information in the ALEKS Data tab; calculate the standard reaction free energy of the following chemical reaction: P4010 (s)+6H,0 () _ 4H,PO4Round your answer to zero decimal places_
The standard reaction free energy of the following chemical reaction is -399.4 KJ/mol.
Define standard reaction free energy.
The distance between the standard-state and equilibrium is determined by the standard-state free energy of reaction. Go is influenced by the reaction's temperature.
The chemical reaction is given as,
P4O10 (s)+6H2O (l) _ 4H3PO4(s)
Standard free energy change,
ΔG rxn = ∑ ΔG (product)- ∑ ΔG (reactant)
ΔG rxn = 4 x ΔG (H3PO4)- [ΔG (P4O10) + 6 ΔG (H2O)
ΔG rxn = 4 (-1124.3) - [-2675.2 + 6 (-237.1)]
ΔG rxn = -399.4 KJ/mol
Therefore, the standard reaction free energy of the following chemical reaction is -399.4 KJ/mol.
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Propranolol is metabolized to a number of metabolites, the primary metabolite in man being napthoxylactic acid: Utilizing your knowledge of drug metabolism principles, describe the metabolic reactions involved.
Initial metabolism of propranolol occurs primarily through three pathways: glucuronidation (17%), side chain oxidation (20%), and ring oxidation (around 33% of dosage).
A beta blocker is a category of medication that includes propranolol. Propranolol functions similarly to other beta blockers by altering how your body reacts to certain nerve impulses, particularly those in the heart. It lowers your heart rate and makes it simpler for your heart to flow blood throughout your body.
Infants, children, and adults without diabetes may also experience low blood sugar as a result of this medication. This is particularly probable following extended periods of exercise or if you have kidney issues. Propranolol should not be taken by anyone who has asthma or other respiratory issues. Your asthma may deteriorate as a result.
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calculate the energy of activation in kj/mol from the following plot 140 140,000 224.37 none of these
The activation energy is the bare minimum of energy required for compounds to undergo a chemical reaction in physics and chemistry.
The rate constant of a reaction at various temperatures can be used to calculate the activation energy. from Arrhenius Law With two known temperatures and a rate constant for each temperature, the activation energy can also be determined directly. If the rate constant is known, we can use the Arrhenius equation to get the activation energies, and vice versa. A chemical reaction's activation energy can be calculated by comparing rate constants between two temperatures. The Arrhenius equation can be used to determine it. The bare minimum additional energy needed by a reactive molecule to transform into a product is known as activation energy.
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Using the ionization constants (ka and kb) tables in your online textbook's appendix, calculate the ph of a 1.32 m ammonium chloride (nh4cl) aqueous solution. (enter the numerical value in the space provided below.)
The pH of the 1.32 M ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) aqueous solution is 9.12.
To determine the pH of the 1.32 M ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) aqueous solution we need the values of ionization constants (ka and kb) and the concentration of ammonium chloride which is 1.32 M.
The values of ionization constants (ka and kb) are
Ka of NH4+ = 5.6 x 10-10
Kb of Cl- = 1.0 x 10-7
Calculate the concentrations of NH4+ and Cl- in the solution.
NH4+ = 1.32 M
Cl- = 1.32 M
Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of H3O+ and OH- using the ionization constants.
Ka = [H3O+][NH4+]/[NH4+]
[H3O+] = Ka x [NH4+] = (5.6 x 10-10)(1.32) = 7.37 x 10-10
Kb = [OH-][Cl-]/[Cl-]
[OH-] = Kb x [Cl-] = (1.0 x 10-7)(1.32) = 1.32 x 10-7
Calculate the pH of the solution.
pH = -log[H3O+] = -log(7.37 x 10-10) = 9.12
The pH of the 1.32 M ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) aqueous solution is 9.12.
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Question 3 (6 points)
Magnesium metal reacts quantitatively with oxygen to give magnesium oxide, MgO. If 5.00 g of Mg and 5.00 g of O2 are allowed to react, what weight of MgO is formed, and what weight of which reactant is left in excess?
Question 4 (6 points)
Mr.T thinks the windows need cleaning (instead of preparing his lesson), (What a mistake!). So instead he starts cleaning his office because it is a disaster. He pulls out the ammonia (NH3) and gets to work. It takes him 5 hours!! During that time he decides to do a little chemistry, because he doesn't want to fall behind. He weighs his bottle of ammonia before (32.3g) and after (30.7g) he cleans. Using this information, he calculates how many atoms are present in the ammonia he used during cleaning.
Question 5 (6 points)
Mr.T keeps getting in trouble for not cleaning his plate completely after supper every night. He argues that it is because there is water-insoluble compounds on his plate so the water won't clean it. Being the cheeky chemist that he is he comes up with a method to make carbon disulfide, a natural solvent for water-insoluble compounds like fats, oils, and waxes. He is going to make millions!! The unbalanced reaction is shown below. When 27.5 g of carbon reacts with 235 g of sulfur dioxide, what mass of carbon disulfide can Mr.T make? Balance the following equation and use it to determine the limiting reagent in order to answer the problem.
To produce MgO, two moles of Mg are required for one mole of oxygen gas. The number of moles of O₂ in 5 g is 0.15 and needs 0.31 moles of Mg. But there is only 0.20 moles of Mg in 5 g. Hence, 0.11 mole of oxygen goes excess.
What is magnesium oxide?Magnesium oxide is formed by the reaction of Mg metal with oxygen gas as written below:
[tex]\rm 2Mg + O_{2} \rightarrow 2 MgO[/tex]
Mass of Mg = 24 g/mol
number of moles in 5 g = 5/24 = 0.20
mass of oxygen = 32 g/mol
number of moles in 5 g = 5 /32 = 0.156
one mole of oxygen gas needs 2 moles of Mg. Hence, 0.15 moles needs 0.31 moles. There is only 0.20 moles. Hence Mg is the limiting reactant. And oxygen goes excess by 0.11 moles.
Two moles of Mg produces 2 moles of MgO. Hence, 0.208 moles produces 0.20 moles or 8.32 g of MgO (molar mass- 40 g/mol).
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Question 4
How many moles of CuSO4 are there in 7.87 x 1024 molecules of CuSO4?
Answer:
8058.88
Explanation:
7.87 x 1024=8058.88
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during his honeymoon in switzerland, james joule is said to have used a thermometer to measure the tempera- ture difference between the water at the top and at the bottom of a waterfall. take the height of the waterfall to 9.81 m s . suppose that when the ball hits the ground, assuming that all the potential energy change mg dh of a mass m of water is used to heat that water by the time it reaches the bottom, calculate the temperature differ- ence between the top and the bottom of a waterfall 100 meters high. take the specific heat capacity of water 21 21 tobe4.18jk g .
The temperature difference between the top and the bottom of a waterfall 100 meters high. take the specific heat capacity of water to be 4.18 J/K g . is the 0.234 K.
Given that :
Acceleration to gravity = 9.81 m/s²
specific heat capacity = 4.18 J / K g = 4180 J/ K g
difference in height = 100 m
the temperature difference is given as :
ΔT = ( g × Δh ) / c
where ,
ΔT = temperature difference
g = acceleration to gravity
Δh = difference in height
c = specific heat capacity
ΔT = ( 9.81× 100 ) / 4180
ΔT = 0.234 K.
the temperature difference is 0.234 K.
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