Which of these is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules
of a material?
O Option 1
O temperature
O thermal energy
O bonding energy

The balanced reaction equation for this redox reaction looks like this:

H₂S(aq) + Cl₂(g) → S(s) + 2HCl(aq)

First, we write what we know about the reaction:

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) that is dissolved in the wastewater (so the physical state is (aq)) is reacting with gaseous chlorine (so Cl₂(g)) to form sulfur (which is solid at room temperature, and does not dissolve in water, so S(g)) and chloride ions (Cl⁻). To counter their negative charge, we add the hydrogen from H₂S to chlorides, which results in HCl, which is soluble in water, so the physical state is (aq):

H₂S(aq) + Cl₂(g) → S(s) + HCl(aq)

When we look at this equation we can see that it is not balanced, because we have 2 H atoms and 2 Cl atoms on the left, and only 1 of both on the right. The easiest way to rectify this is to add "2" in front of HCl, resulting in a balanced reaction equation:

H₂S(aq) + Cl₂(g) → S(s) + 2HCl(aq)

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If oxygen and carbon dioxide act as ideal gases, then the volume of carbon dioxide produced is 0.5 L.

To calculate the volume of carbon dioxide produced, we need to write the balanced reaction equation for carbon monoxide combustion:

[tex]2CO + O_{2}[/tex] → [tex]2CO_{2}[/tex]

Assuming standard temperature and pressure and that all the gases involved act as ideal gases, 1 mole of gas will have a volume of 22.4 L

22.4 L : 1 mol = 250 mL : X

X = 1 mol * 0.25 L / 22.4 L = 0.0112 mol

Because 1 mol of oxygen produces 2 moles of carbon dioxide, then 0.0112 mol of oxygen produces 2 * 0.0112 mol = 0.0224 mol of carbon dioxide. The volume of carbon dioxide produced is:

0.0224 * 22.4 L = 0.5 L  

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False, as Chlorine and chloramine are the major disinfectants used in public water systems.

What is the purpose of using chlorine to clean water sources?

Chlorine helps lessen the taste and odor of water while also eradicating harmful microorganisms including viruses, parasites, and bacteria. The slime bacteria, molds, and algae that frequently develop on the walls of water mains, in storage tanks, and in water supply reservoirs are also helped to get rid of by chlorine.

Chemical compounds with chlorine and ammonia are referred to as chloramines. The specific form of chloramine used to disinfect drinking water is known as monochloramine, and it is added to water at concentrations that are effective at killing bacteria while maintaining water safety.

Thus the two main disinfectants utilized in public water systems are chlorine and chloramine.

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[tex] \huge \tt {\fbox{\orange{Answer}}} \\ \\ \: \: \sf \: \rightarrow \blue{6 \: electrons}[/tex]

Neutral atoms have:

Equal numbers of protons and electrons.

The atom's natural state is neutral when the protons and electrons are equal.

The electrons can, however, be lost or gained under certain circumstances. They will cease to be neutral as a result. This will put a charge on them.

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When a glass rod is held over a burning candle, physical change as well as chemical change occurs in the glass rod as well as the candle wax respectively.

Physical and chemical changes occur while a candle burns. Physical changes occur in a burning candle when the candle wax melts and forms liquid wax when heated. It is a bodily transformation. Because it solidifies again when cooled. This is also a change that may be reversed. Chemical Changes in a Burning Candle When you burn the candle, the wax around the wick melts. The wick of the candle is absorbed by liquid wax. The heat created by the flame causes the liquid wax to evaporate. This wax vapor burns near the flame, producing new chemicals such as carbon dioxide, carbon soot, water vapors, heat, and light. This is a permanent alteration.

A chemical change is illustrated by the burning of a candle. Two reactants unite to generate new products in chemical reactions. Wax is a kind of hydrocarbon. When hydrocarbons burn, they react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor.

A candle wick transports fuel by a method known as capillary action. Through the wick, liquid fuel (wax) reaches the flame, vaporizes, and burns. The candle wicks devour themselves before the wax is eaten. The wicks are coated with wix to supply the initial fuel source, and when consumed, the wicks are transformed to [tex]CO_2[/tex] and water vapor through the chemical process known as burning.

The blackening of a glass rod is only a physical change. Glass rod's chemical structure will not have altered. Soot has accumulated on the glass rod. The rod has no effect on anything.

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Assuming the collision factors are comparable, the reaction of which reaction energy profile will have the smallest rate constant is the reverse of reaction 2.

The rate constant depends on the transition state activation energy and temperature as shown in the formula in the lecture. Increasing the reaction temperature actually increases the kinetic energy and velocity of the molecules. Reaction rates and rate constants increase with increasing temperature.

Generalizing, the reaction rate doubles for every 10-degree increase in temperature. This is also called the temperature coefficient. The change in rate constant depends on the nature of the reaction and the concentration of the changing reactants. Rate constants are directly proportional to the concentration of a particular reactant. The rate constant does not change as the concentration of the reactants changes.

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The oxidation number of oxygen must decrease for it to be an oxidizing agent.

An oxidizing agent can be described as one that in a redox chemical reaction gains or receives an electron and is hence reduced.

Oxidation number can be described as the amount or number of electrons an atom or ion has either gained or lost.

Therefore, in order to gain or receive an electron to become the oxidizing agent, the oxidation number of oxygen should decrease so that it can accept electrons from the reducing agent.

On the other hand, the other molecule in the reaction should become the reducing agent by donating an electron and hence increasing its oxidation number.

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The solvent extraction could be done by the use of small amounts of solvent.

The term solvent extraction has to do with the procedure by which the solute that have been dissolved in a solvent can be recovered. It is usual that we could try to use a solvent in which a solute is soluble at high temperature but insoluble at low temperature. This is the process of solvent extraction.

We know that the efficiency of the solvent extraction could be achieved by the use of multiple or repeated extractions. This is best done using  small amounts of solvent.

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With no change in temperature or amount of gas, the pressure of ideal gas approximation is 4.83 atm.

We need to know about the ideal gas theory to solve this problem. The ideal gas is assumed that there is no interaction between particles in a gas. It can be determined by the equation

P . V = n . R . T

where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles gas, R is the ideal gas constant (8.31 J/mol.K) and T is temperature.

From the question above, we know that

V1 = 5.1 L

V2 = 9.29 L

P2 = 2.65

When the initial and final temperature is the same, we can use the ratio of pressure and volume as

P1 . V1 = P2 . V2

P1 . 5.1 = 2.65 . 9.29

P1 = 4.83 atm

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The most basic atom in caffeine is marked Nitrogen.

Provided down is the structure of Caffeine is not acidic in fact it is basic, it will raise the pH of water to some degree . It is a weak base, so the free base will exist in equilibrium with its protonated counter part.

Due to its basicity, it will be more soluble in low pH aqueous solutions then in high pH solutions. This is because in low pH solutions, caffeine would exist completely as a protonated salt, making it more hydrophilic. Despite this, caffeine is very polar and is still quite soluble in water at higher pH levels.

Out of all the four nitrogen atoms, the most basic nitrogen atom is number 1 as it's lone pair is free for donation. The other nitrogen atoms have lone pair which  are involved in resonance in someway or the other.

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The list of different ionic bonds is NaF, LiCl, NaO2, BeF2, and BeS.

Ionic bonding is a kind of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction among oppositely charged ions, or between atoms with sharply one-of-a-kind electronegativities, and is the number one interaction going on in ionic compounds.

A bond is ionic if the electronegativity distinction among the atoms is excellent enough that one atom ought to pull an electron absolutely far away from the alternative one. That scenario is commonplace in compounds that integrate elements from the left-hand edge of the periodic table

An ionic bond, additionally called an electrovalent bond, kind of linkage formed from the electrostatic enchantment between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. this type of bond bureaucracy when the valence electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to any other atom.

Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete question.

A list of different ions is below. Which combinations of ions will result in an ionic bond?

Na+ Li+ O2– Cl– Be2+ S2– F–

check all that apply below

SO

Naf

LiCl

Lina

BeS

BeF2

NaO2

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Answer:

Hydrogen: +1 -1

Beryllium: +2 -1

Boron: -1 +2

Carbon: +6 -1

Nitrogen: 0

Oxygen: 0 -2

Fluorine: -1 +1

Neon: 10 0

Explanation: Most atoms do not have eight electrons in their valence electron shell. Some atoms have only a few electrons in their outer shell, while some atoms lack only one or two electrons to have an octet. In cases where an atom has three or fewer valence electrons, the atom may lose those valence electrons quite easily until what remains is a lower shell that contains an octet. Atoms that lose electrons acquire a positive charge as a result because they are left with fewer negatively charged electrons to balance the positive charges of the protons in the nucleus. Positively charged ions are called cations. Most metals become cations when they make ionic compounds.

Answer:

CuI

Explanation:

Cu2+ + 2I− → CuI + 0.5 I2

Answer:

CuI2

Explanation:

valency of copper(II) is 2 and iodine is 1

By using the combined gas law, the volume of the gas is found to be 212.81mL when the pressure and temperature is changed.

The Combined Gas Law combines the provisions of Charles Law, Boyle's Law, and Gay Lussac's Law. According to the Combined Gas Law, a gas pressure x temperature x volume = constant. The combined gas law is essentially a reworking of the ideal gas law, with both n (moles of gas) and R (already constant) remaining constant. It may be used to compute the conditions of the resultant system based on changes in pressure, temperature, or volume.

Given:

P1 = 420 mm Hg

V1 = 500mL

T1 = 20℃ = 20 + 273 = 293K

P2 = 650 mm Hg

T2 = -80℃ = -80 + 273 = 193K

To find:

V2 = ?

Formula:

P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2

Calculations:

V2 = P1V1T2 / T1P2

V2 = 420 x 500 x 193 / 293 x 650

V2 = 212.81mL

Result:

The volume of the gas is found to be 212.81mL

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The answer is true. Industrial environments use special systems to eliminate noxious or toxic fumes.

What is meant by toxic fumes?

Hazardous air pollutants from sources like solvents, asbestos-containing building materials, and cigarette smoke can also be found in indoor air. The most well-known hazardous gases include phosgene, chlorine, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Emissions from coal-fired power plants and industrial gas refineries are the main sources of harmful air pollutants outside.

The absorption method is used to reduce gaseous pollution in industrial environments. These toxins come into touch with a liquid, like water. The liquid then absorbs the toxic fumes. The most popular equipment for reducing toxic fumes emissions includes cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, and wet scrubbers.

Therefore, toxic fumes are eliminated by industrial environments using special systems.

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Ammonia is created when the elements nitrogen and hydrogen combine. Exothermic reaction is the cause.

An exothermic reaction is one in which energy is given off as heat or light. In contrast to an endothermic process, which draws energy from its surroundings, an exothermic reaction transfers energy into the environment.

With the formula NH3, ammonia is a nitrogen and hydrogen inorganic chemical. Ammonia, the simplest pnictogen hydride and a stable binary hydride, is a colorless gas with a strong, pungent odor.

A rapid, very high blood pressure spike could be the cause of a low ammonia level. You might not have a problem even if your tests show results that are too high or too low. This is such that the results can occasionally be impacted by how the lab conducts the test.

The principal industrial process for the manufacturing of ammonia today is the Haber process, also known as the Haber-Bosch process, which is an artificial nitrogen fixation process. It was created in the first decade of the 20th century by German chemists Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch, and is named after them.

Osmium served as the catalyst in the early Haber-Bosch reaction chambers, but it was only available in very limited amounts. Osmium was harder to come by and almost as effective as uranium, according to Haber.

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The wavelength in nm of a wave that has a frequency of 2.22 x 10¹⁴ Hz is 1.35 × 10-⁶ m.

Wavelength is the length of a single cycle of a wave, as measured by the distance between one peak or trough of a wave and the next.

Wavelength is denoted by λ, and corresponds to the velocity of the wave divided by its frequency i.e. λ = v/f

According to this question, the frequency of a wave is given as 2.22 x 10¹⁴ Hz. The wavelength can be calculated as follows:

λ = 3 × 10⁸ ÷ 2.22 x 10¹⁴

λ = 1.35 × 10-⁶ m

Therefore, 1.35 × 10-⁶ m is the wavelength of the wave.

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Due to Potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur ignite as it soars through the air. The firework's primary casing is heated. They emit energy in the form of light as they drop to the ground.

What is Chemistry of potassium nitrate?

Chemically, potassium nitrate has the formula KNO3. Indian saltpeter is another name for this salt of an alkali metal nitrate (large deposits of which were historically mined in India). It is an alkali metal nitrate because it is an ionic salt of potassium ions K+ and nitrate ions NO3.

What is ionic salt?

When dissolved in water, salts, which are ionic substances, totally separate into ions. They are created when acids and bases combine, and they are always either metal cations or a cation derived from ammonium (NH4+). Examples of salts include NaCl, NH4F, MgCO3, and Fe2(HPO4)3.

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Answer:

there you go man

Explanation:

Nuclide on the band of nuclear stability have atomic number 86 and 128 neutrons.

What is nuclear?
Utilizing nuclear reactions to generate electricity is known as nuclear power. Nuclear fission, nuclear decay, and nuclear fusion reactions can all provide nuclear energy. Currently, nuclear power plants use the fission of uranium and plutonium to generate the great majority of the world's electricity from nuclear sources. In specialised applications like radioisotope thermoelectric generators found in some space probes like Voyager 2, nuclear decay processes are employed. International research continues to centre on producing electricity via fusion technology. The majority of nuclear power facilities use thermal reactors with once-through fuel cycles and enriched uranium. When the proportion of neutron-absorbing atoms rises to a point where a chain reaction can no longer be sustained, which normally takes three years, fuel is removed.

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Calcium is having a 2+ charge, and oxygen is having a 2- charge. A Lewis dot diagram contains one calcium atom and one oxygen atom in order to show how calcium and oxygen atoms form an ionic bond. This statement is true.

Ionic bonds are type of the intramolecular forces. It is found between the ions which are oppositely charged in the ionic compounds.

Calcium has a 2+ charge when it is in the ionic form. This means that the calcium loses its 2 valence electrons and it has 2 extra protons than the electrons.

When the atom looses the electron, it gets a positive charge and results in formation of an ion which is called cation. The other atom gets an electron and it gets a negative charge which results in formation of an ion called anion.

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Column chromatography liquid-solid. Different types of chromatography techniques can be classified according to the physical states of the mobile and stationary phases.

Chemical analysis and chromatography are laboratory approaches for the separation of an aggregate into its additives. The aggregate is dissolved in a fluid solvent known as the cellular section, which includes it via a gadget on which a fabric called the stationary segment is constant.

Paper chromatography is a technique that's used to split low-molecular-mass compounds primarily based on their distribution between stationary segments and cellular sections. because of its low value and availability of diverse protocols for the separation of compounds, paper chromatography is considered an effective analytical tool.

Paper chromatography is an analytical method used to split colored chemical compounds or substances. it's far now ordinarily used as a teaching device, having been changed inside the laboratory by using other chromatography techniques along with skinny-layer chromatography.

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Answer:

26

Explanation:

Asexual reproduction results in two organisms with the same parent and the same DNA.

Asexual reproduction produces offspring which are genetically identical to the parent because the offspring are all clones, that is, identical copies of the original parent.

Asexual reproduction in animals occurs through various process such as fission, fragmentation, budding and parthenogenesis. A single individual can produce offspring asexually and large numbers of offspring can be produced quickly with asexual reproduction.

A new potato growing from an old potato can be an example of asexual reproduction. Variation is not possible or significantly reduced in asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction results in offspring with the same combination of genetic information as the parents.

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The molecular formula of the compound is PCl₃ if the molecular mass of the compound is 137.32 g/mol.

An empirical formula can be described as a formula that tells about the relative ratios of different atoms in a compound.

The empirical formula for this compound containing phosphorus and chlorine can be calculated as follows;

As the compound is composed of 22.5% phosphorous and 77.5% chlorine, therefore;

Phosphorus = (22.5/100) × 137.32 = 0.225 × 137.32 = 30.897

Chlorine = (77.5/100) × 137.32 = 0.775 × 137.32 = 106.423

Now we can find the moles of each atom by using their molar mass as follows;

Phosphorus = 30.897 ÷ 30.97 = 0.998 moles

Chlorine = 106.423 ÷ 35.453 = 3.002 moles

Now dividing each mole value by the smallest determined number of moles (0.998) as follows;

Phosphorus = 0.998 / 0.998 = 1 mole

Chlorine = 3.002 / 0.998 = 3.008 ≈ 3 moles

Therefore the molecular formula of the compound will be PCl₃.

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Answer:

b

Explanation:

A tanker car holds 34,500 US gallons mL does a tanker hold is 102.9×10²¹ ml

Gallon is the a united states unit of liquid capacity equal to four quarts and the tanker means a cargo ship fitted with tanks for carrying liquid in bulk

Here given data is

1 gallon = 3.79 liters

34, 500 gal = 34, 500 gal×1 gallon

34, 500 gal = 1.30×10²¹ ml

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Taking into account the definition of density, the volume that the white powder will occupy is 23.148 cc.

Density is defined as the property of matter, whether solid, liquid, or gas, that allows the amount of mass in a given volume of a substance to be measured.

The expression for the calculation of density is the quotient between the mass of a body and the volume it occupies, considering that that density is inversely proportional to volume:

density= mass÷ volume

In this case, you know that:

Replacing in the definition of density:

2.16 g/cc= 50 g÷ volume

Solving:

2.16 g/cc ×volume= 50 g

volume= 50 g÷ 2.16 g/cc

volume= 23.148 cc

In summary, the volume is 23.148 cc.

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Answer:

5.00 L.

Explanation:

What is given?

Volume 1 (V1) = 4.37 L.

Temperature 1 (T1) = 37.12 °C + 273 = 310.12 K.

Temperature 2(T2) = 81.93 !°C + 273 = 354.93 K.

What do we need? Volume 2 (V2).

Step-by-step solution:

This is a Charles's Law problem. Charles's Law states that the volume of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas when pressure is kept constant. The absolute temperature is temperature measured with the Kelvin scale.

The formula that we're going to use based on this law is:

Where V is volume and T is temperature.

We want to find volume 2 (V2), so let's solve for 'V2' and replace the given data that we have in the new formula, like this:

The new volume is 5.00 L.

In micrometers, the piece of aluminium foil is 0.8μm thick.

Aluminium foil paper or aluminium foil is basically flattened aluminium mainly used in packaging of food, cosmetics, drugs and other chemicals, and for cooking. Aluminium metal is preferred in making foil because of its inert nature and its resistance to tear and puncture, when compared to other metals.

The thickness of a piece of aluminium foil is way too thin to be measured using common measuring tools like a measuring tape or a ruler. It is mostly measured in micrometers. To convert from centimeters to micrometers, we multiply the value by 10,000. This is because there are 10,000 micrometers in one centimeter, hence:

                      1 centimeter = 10000 micrometers

                      8.0 x 10⁻⁵cm = xμm

 x = 8 x 10⁻⁵ x 10000

 x = 8 x 10⁻⁵ x 10⁴

Applying the laws of indices;

x = 8 x 10⁻⁵⁺⁴ = 8 x 10⁻¹ or 0.8

Therefore, the piece of aluminium 8 x 10⁻⁵cm thick is 0.8μm thick in micrometers.

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