To better reflect the age range of its citizens, a city council passed an ordinance providing that no city employee could be hired or promoted unless that employee had reached the age of 55. A 25-year-old city mechanic in the lower pay classification had recently finished first on a promotional exam for the senior mechanic position, which would entitle him to a substantial increase in pay. His supervisor told him that, under instructions from the head of the city administrative office, a 56-year-old city mechanic who scored lower on the exam would be promoted to the position instead.
If the mechanic brings an appropriate action in federal court to challenge the ordinance, which party would bear the burden of proof?

Answers

Answer 1

If the mechanic brings an appropriate action in federal court to challenge the ordinance, the "mechanic", would bear the burden of proof as to prove that the challenged ordinance is clearly arbitrary and irrational.

What is federal court?

Federal courts only hear cases that are permitted by the United States Constitution or federal statutes, making them tribunals with a narrow scope of jurisdiction. Any case originating under federal statutes, the Constitution, or treaties must first be filed with the federal district court.

Some key features of federal court are-

Only federal courts have the authority to interpret laws, decide whether they are constitutional, and apply them to specific situations. The use of a subpoena by the courts to compel the production of evidence and testimony is similar to that used by Congress.They examine all district courts' final judgments. They have the authority to examine and carry out directives issued by numerous federal regulatory bodies, including the NLRB and the Securities and Exchange Commission.Federal court hears offenses committed on federal property, infractions of the Constitution or federal legislation, and bankruptcy cases. Also consider cases involving parties from various states that are based on state law.

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Related Questions

A company's prospectus includes:
A) The company's investment options.
B) The company's guaranteed return strategy.
C) The company's revenue and net worth.
D) The company's research.

Answers

Answer:

c) The company's revenue and net worth.

Explanation:

Revenue and net worth are disclosed in a company's prospectus. As a result, choice (C) is ideal.

A prospectus is a formal document that offers details on the activities, financial health, and investment opportunities of a firm. It is often given to prospective investors to assist them in making an educated decision regarding whether to participate in the business.

The prospectus often provides information about the company's financial statements, including information about the company's revenue, net worth, assets, liabilities, and other pertinent financial data. Potential investors can evaluate the company's financial performance and health using this information.

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True experimental research is the only type of research that allows conclusions about _____ to be made.

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Experimental research is notable because it is the only type of research that allows for Random sampling conclusions.

What does experimental research entail?

Experimental research refers to testing variables for a cause and effect relationship.

Variables are often chosen from a population in random sampling which means that it is the only research type where random sampling can allow for conclusions to be made.

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This procedure deactivates the normal function of a gene to determine how it affects an organism

A. epigenesis
B. gene knockout
C. proband
D. gene knock-in

Answers

Gene knockout procedure deactivates the normal function of a gene to determine how it affects an organism. The correct option is B

What is gene knockout?

A knockout is used to regulate the expression of a gene, this happen when aa  particular gene is removed to prevent it from getting expressed in an individual or organism.

The gene can also be silence or inactivate.

Therefore, Gene knockout procedure deactivates the normal function of a gene to determine how it affects an organism. The correct option is B

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Linnea said that last night she had dreams about daily activities, such as what she was going to wear to school and what pen to bring to class. Based on the nature of the dreams, it is most likely that Linnea had the dream in ________ sleep.

Answers

Based on the nature of the dreams, it is most likely that Linnea had the dream in non-REM sleep.

What is REM sleep?

Memory and learning are supposed to benefit from REM sleep. A person experiences four to five sleep cycles, each lasting roughly 90 minutes and including both REM sleep and non-REM sleep during normal sleep (light to deep sleep). also known as sleep with rapid eye movement.

People fall asleep deeply during the final two non-REM sleep stages. It's challenging to awaken from this sleep period. An hour to an hour and a half after falling asleep, REM sleep begins. When you are in REM sleep, people often have vivid dreams.

NREM sleep aids in the body's relaxation and deep sleep, which makes feel more rested the next day. However, a restful night's sleep has purposes other than reducing daytime tiredness. NREM sleep can aid in physical healing, sickness recovery, stress management, and problem-solving.

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A(n) ________ reinforcer refers to an unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future.

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A negative reinforcer refers to an unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future.

Negative reinforcement is one method that can be used to teach a particular behavior. Negative reinforcement removes unpleasant or unpleasant things in response to stimuli. Goal behavior is said to increase over time, hoping that the unpleasant ones will be removed.

Deciding to take an antacid before indulging in a spicy meal is an example of a negative enhancement. You take action to avoid negative consequences. One of the best ways to remember negative reinforcement is to think of it as being drawn from the situation.

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Suppose a group of researchers wants to investigate the relationship between daily mindfulness meditation and cortisol (stress hormone) levels in the body over a 20-year time period. Which research design would allow them to measure changes with age and within individuals over time, even though it would be expensive, limited to one cohort, take a long time, and they might have people drop out of the study

Answers

Sequential research design would allow them to measure changes with age and within individuals over time, even though it would be expensive, limited to one cohort, take a long time, and might have people to drop out of the study.

What is a research design that is sequential?

Sequential research is carried out in a planned, staged manner, or "serially," with the intention that each stage would build on the one before it until enough information is acquired over a sufficient period of time to verify your theory.

The sample size in sequential research is not fixed in advance. The researcher can either accept the null hypothesis, reject it, or accept the alternative hypothesis after examining each sample, or they can select a different group of participants and do the study again. This implies that before choosing which hypothesis to adopt, she/he can collect an illimitable number of subjects.

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Cooper is a 10-year-old child. His mother, Erika, is a corporate executive who works long hours. Erika travels several days throughout the month and spends very little time with her son. She has never been to any of Cooper's soccer games or met any of his friends. She believes that her career is more important than raising her son. Erika's style of parenting can be described as Multiple Choice

Answers

Erika's style of parenting can be described as neglectful.

What are the 5 parenting styles? controlling parenting: This is a strict parenting style.responsible parenting: Authoritative parents try to find a happy medium between being strict and being kind and encouraging.parenting with attachment.Being a permissive parent.Unstructured parenting.absent-minded parenting.What is a democratic parenting style?

A third approach is referred to as "democratic parenting." Democratic households are built on respect for both the parent and the child rather than the parent running the show (authoritarian) or the youngster running the family (permissive).

What is the best type of parenting style?

Academically, socially and emotionally, and behaviorally, authoritative parents have been determined to have the best parenting techniques. The authoritative parents have high expectations for their children, just like authoritarian parents, but they also have even higher expectations for their own behavior.

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Describe a topic, idea, or concept you find so engaging that it makes you lose track of time. Why does it captivate you? What or who do you turn to when you want to learn more? (650 words)

Answers

The topic we have described is "Anime".

Description of Anime:Anime is a Japanese word that means "animation." Outside of Japan and in English, anime specifically refers to Japanese animation. Anime (a term derived from a contraction of the English word animation) refers to all animated works, regardless of style or origin, in Japan and in Japanese. Anime-influenced animation is an animation made outside of Japan that has a similar style to Japanese animation.The first commercial Japanese animations were created in 1917. With the works of cartoonist Osamu Tezuka, a distinctive art style evolved in the 1960s and spread throughout the following decades, developing a big domestic audience.Anime is distributed through theaters, television broadcasts, direct-to-home media, and the Internet. Anime is frequently adapted from Japanese comics (manga), light novels, or video games, in addition to original works. It is divided into several genres that target various wide and particular audiences.Anime is a multifaceted medium with unique production methods that have evolved in reaction to new technologies. It mixes graphic art, characterization, cinematography, and other creative and independent techniques. In comparison to Western animation, anime production often concentrates on the detail of settings and the usage of "camera effects" such as panning, zooming, and angle shots.Character dimensions and features can be highly different, with large and expressive eyes being a common distinguishing feature.There are about 430 production businesses in the anime industry, including notable studios like Studio Ghibli, Sunrise, Bones, Ufotable, MAPPA, CoMix Wave Films, and Toei Animation. With the advent of foreign dubbed, subtitled programs and its expanding availability via streaming services since the 1980s, the medium has also achieved international success. As of 2016, Japanese animation accounted for 60% of all animated television shows worldwide.

Therefore, the topic "Anime" has been described.

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Which member of the executive is the state's lawyer, defending the laws and constitution of the State of Texas by representing it in court

Answers

Attorney General is the state's lawyer, defending the laws and constitution of the State of Texas by representing it in court.

What is the role of the Attorney General?The chief legal representatives of each state or territory are the attorneys general.They serve as the "People's Lawyer" for the populace, advising and representing the legislature as well as state agencies. Although some are appointed by the governor, most are elected. The attorney general serves as the head of the Department of Justice and is responsible for enforcing federal laws, giving legal advice in federal cases, interpreting legislation governing executive branches, supervising federal detention facilities, and investigating claims of lawbreaking. The Department of Justice includes U.S. attorneys and their offices. The Executive Office for United States Attorneys of the Justice Department provides oversight, supervision, and administrative support services to U.S. attorneys.

Hence, Attorney General is the state's lawyer, defending the laws and constitution of the State of Texas by representing it in court.

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Identify which of the following items will cause the supply curve for bottled water to
shift. Select all that apply.

Answers

If the average price of regular bottled water falls to $0.65, consumers will demand fewer bottles of premium water at every price, which shifts the demand curve for premium bottled water to the left.

Individuals with specifc phobia have an irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed. true or false

Answers

Individuals with specifc phobia have an irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed. - True

The fear of public humiliation is called the Social Phobia.

What is Social Phobia ?

An individual with social phobia, a type of anxiety disorder, has a strong fear of being embarrassed or humiliated in front of others.

Also, it is known as social anxiety disorder (SAD). In a social environment, in life situations, and in interactions with other people, it expresses the intense anxiety or fear of being judged, adversely regarded, or rejected.

When a person has a phobia, they will often shape their lives to avoid what they consider to be dangerous.

Phobias are diagnosable mental disorders.

The person will experience intense distress when faced with the source of their phobia. This may sometimes lead to panic attack.

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If your family gets regular medical checkups, what are you least likely to do when you are living on your own

Answers

While living on one's own, one is less likely to do regular medical check-ups, than when they are with their family.

A physical examination, tests, and a health history are typically included in routine medical checkups. Having a regular doctor is crucial because they can ensure that one gets the healthcare that is best suited to one's particular needs. Early warning symptoms of health problems can be found with regular health exams.The doctor will ask about medical history, any family members who have had illnesses, and lifestyle, including your food, weight, level of physical activity, usage of alcohol, and smoking.While there for another reason, the doctor might also perform a general health examination.The frequency of one's health checkups can be discussed with the doctor.

From the above, it is clear that Regular Medical Check-ups is the correct answer.

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Which of the following statements about competition and its type is/are TRUE?
(I) Interspecific competition occurs when organisms of two different species share limited resources in the same area.

(II) Intraspecific competition occurs when some organisms of the same species compete for the same resources in the same area.

(III) Same species of trees compete for the same combination of light, nutrients, and water.
1. Statements I and II only
2. Statements II and III only
3. Statement I only
4. Statements I, II, and III

Answers

Answer:

statement I and II may be the correct one

Match the terms with the correct definitions.

1. choreographer theater set pieces designed and painted in a way that causes the viewer or audience members to perceive distance and depth
2. opera a form of American entertainment popular in the early 20th century that presented a variety of performers on stage, such as comedians, circus actors, and musicians
3. perspective scenery the sets of technical skills associated with theater, film, or television production, such as lighting, set construction, make-up, sound, and costumes
4. stage craft an individual who creates dance sequences or body movements for specific styles of dance
5. vaudeville a drama or play in which some or all lines of dialog are sung.

Answers

Answer:3. perspective scenery the sets of technical skills associated with theater, film, or television production, such as lighting, set construction, make-up, sound, and costumes

Explanation:

if it is not it im sorry

Select all the correct answers.
Which two of the following actions can you take to help influence your state or federal government?
persuade people to vote
refuse to serve on a jury
take loans from banks
sign a petition to change a policy

Answers

Answer:

I think its "persuade people to vote" and "sign a petition to change a policy"

Explanation:

A ________ veto occurs when Congress adjourns during a ten-day period after presenting the president with a bill and he or she takes no action. r

Answers

A pocket veto occurs when Congress adjourns during the ten-day period.

The president cannot return the bill to Congress. The president's decision not to sign the legislation is a pocket veto and Congress does not have the opportunity to override.When Congress is in session and a bill is not signed by the president within ten days, it becomes law. The bill does not become law if Congress adjourns before the 10-day mark and the President has not signed it ("Pocket Veto.")The bill expires and Congress cannot vote to override it if Congress adjourns before the ten days are up and the President does nothing. If Congress still wishes to pass the law, they must start the entire process over. This is known as a pocket veto.

What is a pocket veto?

Using a legislative trick known as a "pocket veto," a president or other veto-wielding official can block a bill by doing nothing (keeping it in their pocket).

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The model of self-regulation and driving predicts that an older adult will continue to drive depends on the psychological factors of:

Answers

The model of self-regulation and driving predicts that an older adult will continue to drive depends on the psychological factors of: self-confidence and need for independence.

What is Self Regulation?

Self-regulation, or the modification of driving by driving less or avoiding challenging situations in response to declining abilities, is increasingly being studied as a way to help older drivers maintain independence and extend the period over which they can safely drive.

However, considerable research gaps remain with respect to whether older drivers can accurately adjust their driving in response to their age-related declines, the extent to which older drivers engage in self-regulatory behaviors, the factors affecting self-regulation, and the extent to which it actually improves safety and mobility.

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Middle school teachers want to reduce racial prejudice. So they force kids to sit in mixed-race groups in the lunchroom. What is likely to happen

Answers

Answer:

Depends on if they racist or not

Explanation:

A study found that men who developed alcohol problems had been more _____ as teenagers and continued to be so in middle age, a finding suggesting that this trait makes one more prone to develop alcohol problems.

Answers

A study found that men who developed alcohol problems had been more impulsive as teenagers and continued to be so middle age, a finding suggesting that this trait makes one more prone to alcohol problems.

What are alcohol problems?

At-risk alcohol abuse is defined as seven drinks per week or more than three drinks on one occasion, whereas problem drinking is defined as more than 14 drinks per week or more than four drinks on one occasion.

Heavy alcohol consumption can eventually lead to the onset of serious conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, liver disease, and digestive problems. cancers of the breast, esophagus, mouth, throat, liver, and rectum.

Alcohol hinders teenage growth and development in ways that are typical. accidents involving intoxicated drivers and other unforeseen harm.

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What would be the best reason for the United States to provide military aid in another country

Answers

Answer:

Countries like Ukraine or Syria could really use military aid from the US to gain freedom easier. The US could also trade countries military aids for other valuable resources.

how do the national leaders that contribute to the tourism industry in Nepal​

Answers

Answer:

by collecting tax fron citizens and use to devlop the country

According to Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development, different individuals make different decisions in similar ethical situations because _______. a. they are influenced by different family values b. they are of different ages c. they are in different stages of cognitive moral development d. they have different personalities e. no one wants to be the same as others

Answers

The correct option is (C) they are in different stages of cognitive moral development.

According to Kohlberg, humans go through these stages in a specific order, and moral development is related to cognitive development. Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional are the three levels of moral thinking.The word "virtue ethics" is used broadly to describe moral systems that place more emphasis on character and virtue than on doing one's duties or acting in a way that will result in positive outcomes.

How many stages of moral development are there?The development of morality and moral reasoning in children is the subject of Kohlberg's theory of moral development. According to Kohlberg's view, moral development happens in six stages.

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Phineas Gage, who was injured when a steel rod was driven through his skull, exhibited profound changes in personality along with impulsiveness. Which part of the brain was injured as a result of this accident

Answers

The frontal lobe part of the brain was injured as a result of this accident.

The frontal lobe part of the brain controls the higher cognitive function of human beings. It helps in controlling emotions. problem-solving, social anxiety, anger, depression, etc. Damage to the neuron tissue of the frontal lobe causes a change in personality. It leads to difficulties in planning, concentration, and impulsivity. People who had gone through frontal lobe injury experience social anxiety, mood swings, feeling of overwhelm, and general anxiety.

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Which of the following is NOT true about tundra biome?
Tundra biomes support much plant life.
The climatic condition is harsh with little rainfall.
Tundra appears like a frozen grassland during winter.
Birds such as arctic terns, ravens, and hawks are commonly found in in tundra biome.

Answers

The statement about tundra biome that is not true is: (A). Tundra biomes support much plant life.

Meaning of Tundra biome

Tundra biome can be defined as a biome that is significant for its low temperature and scarce trees.

A tundra biome is always very cold and at such is not habitable by most plants.

In conclusion, The statement about tundra biome that is not true is: (A). Tundra biomes support much plant life.

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Psychodynamic theorists suggest that failure to satisfy _____ may ultimately lead a person to develop a dependent relationship with a substance.

Answers

Psychodynamic theorists suggest that failure to satisfy early needs for nurturance may ultimately lead a person to develop a dependent relationship with a substance.

Psychodynamic Approach to AddictionThe psychodynamic method of addiction treatment considers how a patient's current behaviors are influenced by prior experiences, ideas, and circumstances. These elements are thought to trigger unconscious processes that lead to a person acting in a certain way.The psychodynamic method of addiction therapy is believed to be most helpful when used as a component of an all-encompassing treatment plan. It may also be more beneficial when a person has been sober for some time. Therapists that take a psychodynamic approach to treat or counseling addiction are specially trained and have substantial expertise in substance abuse.For instance, despite the person's apparent wish to create good connections, someone who was abused in the past may display behaviors that obstruct them.

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A victim and his former business partner, the defendant, had a bitter falling out after the victim accused the defendant of embezzling company funds. The defendant threatened to get even. Shortly thereafter, while driving on the expressway, a car swerved suddenly in front of the victim's car. Although the victim applied the brakes immediately, his car failed to stop. To avoid colliding with the car ahead of him, he swerved to the right and smashed into a concrete retaining wall. A passing motorist stopped and came to the aid of the victim. Bleeding profusely from a head wound, and rapidly losing consciousness, the victim said, "I don't think I'm going to make it. My former partner must have tampered with my brakes to get back at me." With that, the victim lapsed into unconsciousness, and has been in a coma and on life support ever since. A personal injury suit has been filed on his behalf by a court-appointed guardian against the defendant. At trial, can the motorist testify as to the statement made by the victim?

Answers

The victim was unaware that the defendant had tampered with the brakes, hence the answer is no.

Due to the fact that the victim did not genuinely have personal knowledge that the defendant was to blame for the collision, testimony regarding the victim's remark is inadmissible as a statement under the belief of impending death.

Because the declarant (the victim) made the statement outside of testimony and submitted it to support the veracity of the claim contained therein, it qualifies as hearsay.

Can someone tamper with a car engine?

Tampering with a Motor Vehicle (Vehicle Code 10852 VC). The California Vehicle Code section 10852 VC defines as a criminal

deliberate tampering with or harm to a vehicle as a whole willful breaking or removal of individual pieces from a vehicle.What happens if your car is tampered with?

Tampering with a car is a misdemeanor offense that is punishable by up to a year in jail, a maximum fine of $1,000, and any other probationary conditions that a judge may find appropriate, as opposed to auto burglary and vandalism which can be tried as felonies.

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An electroencephalograph shows that during sleep we pass through a cycle of stages, each with characteristic brain waves. As the night progresses, the REM stage:

Answers

Delta waves are associated with the deep sleep stages: stage 3 and REM. During stage 3, less than half of brain waves consist of delta waves, while more than half of brain activity consists of delta waves during REM sleep.

As a person transitions from being awake to falling asleep, alpha waves are replaced by theta waves. Sleep spindles and K-complexes emerge in stage 2 sleep. Stage 3 and stage 4 are described as slow-wave sleep that is marked by a predominance of delta waves.

Indeed, they distinguished two groups of delta waves occurring during REM sleep: slower (<2 Hz) waves, recorded in medial-occipital regions, present in both NREM and REM sleep, and faster (2.5–3 Hz), REM-sleep-exclusive, frontocentral/occipitotemporal “sawtooth” waves.

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_____________ factors are conditions inside of your vehicle,such as distracting passengers, loud music, and doing other things while driving, that may cause you to drive unsafely.

Answers

Environmental factors are conditions inside of a vehicle, such as loud music, distracting passengers, and engaging in other things while driving, that may result in an unsafe driving.

What is a distraction?

A distraction simply refers to any form of event or phenomenon that's capable of making a driver to loose concentration or lure his or her eyes away from the road while driving. Also, a good example of a distraction is reading or playing very loud music while you're driving a car.

In this context, we can infer and logically conclude that environmental factors are conditions inside of a vehicle, such as loud music, distracting passengers, and engaging in other things while driving, that may result in an unsafe driving as against traffic laws.

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Research found that mothers and fathers showed the same level of sensitivity to sons, but fathers were ________ sensitive to daughters than mothers. more less equally none of the choices

Answers

The research found that mothers and fathers showed the same level of sensitivity to sons, but fathers were less sensitive to daughters than mothers. Option B. This is further explained below.

What is sensitivity?

Generally, definition a: the ability of a living being or sensory organ to react to external stimuli

In conclusion, It was discovered that although both parents were equally sympathetic to their boys, dads were less so to their daughters.

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pls answer
What claims are made for the product that is advertised? How is it
supposed to improve your life?

Answers

Claims that could be  made for the product that is been advertised could be how a product is superior compare to other products.

What are the claims during advertisement?

The "claim" can be explained as the part of an advert that explains the   superiority of a product.

This can be in print or verbal form  for the product being advertised and it help to convince the potential buyers to buy the product so that the company can make profit.

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3. The fraud at Enron is one of many major financial statement frauds that have occurred in recent years (Qwest, Global Crossing, WorldCom, etc.). What are some factors that could explain why the falsifying of financial statements is occurring so frequently Some people say the risk of hiv transmission from a healthcare provider (doctor, dentist, nurse, technician) is small. true or false? why? When a Central Bank takes action to decrease the money supply and increase the interest rate, it is following: a loose monetary policy. a contractionary monetary policy. a expansionary monetary policy. a quantitative easing policy. Write the ratio of sin X and cos X Show your work (20 points) ______ uses quantitative techniques, and often automated trading systems, to seek out many temporary misalignments among securities. A. Triangular arbitrage B. Locational arbitrage C. Statistical arbitrage D. Covered interest arbitrage How many significant figures are in the measurement 1.050 l? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d he Allowance for Doubtful Accounts T-account will have the ______ on the credit side. Multiple choice question. sales on account estimated bad debts from the adjusting entry write-offs of specific customers sales discounts and allowances What is hypotheses? Who is most likely the intended audience for this public service campaign?educators who support struggling studentsrecent high school and college graduatesstudents who did not finish their degreeadministrators of community college programs Select 3 true statements about Python class.If a class inherits from multiple classes, the order of inheritance does not matter.(In Python 3 or higher) If no class is inherited, it implicitly inherits the object class.A class attribute exists as a unique object regardless of how many instances of the class are.A class attribute can be used without an instance of that class.Properties whose names start with _ (e.g. _name) are private properties and cannot be accessed outside of the corresponding class. The difference...... CCAT Numerical Sample QuestionA home appliance store has recently seen an increase in TV sales. Having noticed this, thestore manager decides to raise the TV price by 25% in order to increase the store's profits.If the original price of a TV was 140$, how many could be bought post-raise for 4,200$? Flash Card Inc. recently underwent a significant company-wide change that involved revision of its manufacturing and leadership processes. The result of this was a stronger emphasis on horizontal coordination. This level of change is referred to as: I NEED HELP ON THIS ESSAY PLEASE D:Title: Writing a Compare-and-Contrast Essay about Presentation of IdeasObjective: Write a compare-and-contrast analysis to compare the way two different texts present similar ideas. i need help asapp... Which document used the language and concepts of the Petition of Rights?The language and concepts of the Petition of Rights has been used by the ______ that amend the US Constitution. Evidence of an oxygen-rich atmosphere is the presence ofA cyanobacteriaB. trace fossilsC. banded iron formationsD. stromatolites What is one advantage that often draws migrants from rural areas to cities?A. Lower levels of pollutionB. Reduced risk of pandemic diseaseC. Access to more job opportunitiesD. Lower population densities The length of one side of a triangle is 2 feet less than three times the length of its second side. The length of the third side is 3/4 of the sum of the lengths of the first two sides. Find the lengths of all three sides if the perimeter of the triangle is 17.5 feet. P=17.5 feet Math HELP!!! 100PTS!!! Sketch the region given by the set {(x,y)|xy