The stress hormone cortisol plays a major role during the stress response in mobilizing nutrients to meet energy needs
The two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney, need cholesterol to make the glucocorticoid (steroid hormone) cortisol. It is typically released in response to situations and activities including getting up in the morning, working out, and intense stress.Since it is involved in reactions to stress, cortisol is frequently referred to as the stress hormone. Blood pressure, blood sugar, and immunological responses all rise as a result. created during arduous activity, excitement, and orgasm by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, which has analgesic benefits.In addition, cortisol is crucial for human nutrition. By deciding which kind and quantity of substrate (carbohydrate, fat, or protein) the body needs to meet its physiological demands, it manages energy.learn more about cortisol here: https://brainly.com/question/1059659
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Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT Group of answer choices they change the pH of the environment. they produce lysozyme. they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria. they compete with pathogens for nutrients. they produce antibacterial chemicals.
Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways except they produce lysozyme.
Normal microbiota provides protection from infection by producing lysozyme:Normal Microbiota (Normal Flora) Microorganisms that live with us or colonize on the surface of our body. The areas of the skin that are dry, wet, and sebum-rich are dominated by various types of bacteria. Betaproteobacteria and Propionibacteria are often the most prevalent germs in the dry and sebaceous regions, respectively. Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus are most frequently found in damp areas.
By activating immune responses, metabolically keeping pathogens out of their favored habitats, and directly combating microbes, the microbiota defends against infection. A significant risk factor for the colonization of bacteria-causing pathogens is the disruption of the microbiota, notably by antibiotics.
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Escherichia coli has a doubling time of 30 minutes. If a culture has 10 E. coli cells at the beginning of log phase, how many E. coli cells will be in the culture after two hours
80 E. coli cells will be in the culture after two hours.
What is culture?The development of the human, plant, or animal cells in a lab, as well as microorganisms like bacteria and yeast. Cell cultures can be used for research, medication testing, and infection diagnosis.
Primary (mortal) cultures and cultures of established (immortal) cell lines are the two main categories of cultures.
One of the most crucial methods in cellular and molecular biology is cell culture because it offers a platform for studying the biology, biochemistry, physiology, metabolism, and other aspects of both healthy and diseased cells.
A culture of 10 E. coli cells.
Incubation time = 2 hours = 120min
Doubling time = 30min (120/30 = 4)
So, 1 cell - 30min = 2 cells - 30min = 4 cells - 30min = 8 cells - 30min
Therefore, 8 ₓ 10 = 80cells of E. coli at the end of 2 hours of incubation time.
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Imagine that a company is planning to build a new factory in your region that will provide hundreds of well-paid jobs, but will cause minor amounts of air pollution within a two-mile radius. answer the following questions: how would you rate your support for the factory if you lived 50 miles away from its planned location? how would you rate your support for the factory if you only lived one mile away from its planned location? explain any differences between your answers.
I would support the factory if I lived 50 miles away from the planned factory location. However, I would be worried if I only lived one mile away from the planned factory, because of possible health effects, bad smells, and a potential decrease in property values.
What is Air pollution ?Factories contaminate the air by blowing chemical vapors and smoke out through vents and smokestacks, and by burning waste in open dumps or incinerators.
Exhaust from generators, diesel trucks, and buses also fill the air with dangerous gases.The amount of toxic gases that factories release into the air increases health and environmental damages. In factories, toxic materials and gases, like carbon dioxide and methane, are burned and pumped out into the atmosphere.Learn more about Air pollution here:
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A woman cannot produce several types of lipases and amylases. name a problem
this individual would have and explain why.
Answer:
Lipases and Amylases:
Lipases are a class of digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas. These enzymes are responsible for breaking down fatty acid chains into their smaller sub units so that they can be absorbed by the body. Amylases are a class of digestive enzyme produces by the salivary glands in the mouth and the pancreas. These enzymes breakdown carbohydrates into smaller sub units so they can be absorbed.
Explanation:
because of excessive amount of protease this problem may have protein lack causing various problem in body
Which of the following are reactants of photosynthesis?
O 6CO2 + 6H₂O + Energy
O C6H12O6 + 602
O CO2 + H₂O + Energy
O C6H12O6 + 02
1. Which of the following are leaf characteristics that can be used to classify plants? (Choose all that apply)
blade width
color
venation
arrangement
The leaf characteristics that can be used to classify plants include:
ColorVenationArrangementWhat are Plants?This is referred to as photosynthetic eukaryotes which have structures such as roots in the ground.
Plants are grouped based on the features of their leaves which are mentioned above.
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Proteins that function to catalyze biochemical reactions in the body are known as enzymes extracellular proteins essential amino acids complementing proteins
Proteins that function to catalyze biochemical reactions in the body are known as enzymes.
Proteins called enzymes aid in accelerating our bodies' chemical reactions, or metabolism. Some compounds are created, while others are broken down. Enzymes are a part of all living things. Enzymes are created by our bodies spontaneously. However, food and manufactured goods both contain enzymes.Proteins called enzymes assist our bodies' chemical reactions move forward more quickly.For several processes, including digestion and liver function, enzymes are crucial. Health issues might result from having too much or too little of a specific enzyme. Healthcare professionals can also use the enzymes in our blood to diagnose for injuries and illnesses.
Examples of a few enzymes:
Amylase is an enzyme made in the mouth.Trypsin is created in the pancreas.The stomach produces Pepsin.The pancreas produces pancreatic lipase.learn more about enzymes here: https://brainly.com/question/14577353
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CD4 cells are Group of answer choices Infection-fighting white blood cells. Oxygen-carrying red blood cells. Strengthened and multiplied by HIV. Rare in African and European populations
CD4 cells are infection-fighting white blood cells.
What are CD4 cells?White blood cells called CD4 cells also referred to as T cells, are crucial components of your immune system because they combat infection. When a person has HIV, their CD4 count is used to determine how well their immune system is functioning (human immunodeficiency virus).
HIV not only attacks CD4 cells but also makes use of them to spread the infection. HIV uses the CD4 cells' capacity for viral replication to kill CD4 cells by producing more of the virus. The CD4 cells ultimately enlarge and explode as a result of this. HIV weakens the immune system by destroying CD4 cells.
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Use the internet to find out more about kidney machines and kidney transplants . how is the donor's kidney tested to see whether it is suitable? why is rejection of the new kidney a problem and how is it dealt with?
Answer:
The kidney is tested to see whether it is suitable for donation by checking for diseases and conditions that could make it unsuitable for transplantation.
The rejection of the new kidney is a problem because it is not able to remove waste from the blood properly. The nephrons inside the kidney are not able to filter the blood properly and the waste accumulates in the body. The body then has to find a way to remove the waste and this can be done through dialysis or a transplant.
Explanation:
Fiber functions as ________ because increases the bulk of stool, it helps keep things moving through the digestive tract, and it encourages the growth of friendly bacteria in the colon and their fermentation by-products.
Fiber functions as an anti-cancer agent because increases the bulk of stool, it helps keep things moving through the digestive tract, and it encourages the growth of friendly bacteria in the colon and their fermentation by-products.
Fiber slows the charge that sugar is absorbed into the bloodstream. when you eat foods excessive in fiber, together with beans and entire grains, the sugar in the meals is absorbed slower, which keeps your blood glucose levels from rising too fast. Normalizes bowel moves.
Dietary fiber binds bile, fatty acids, and blood cholesterol together right into a large bundle of waste. Because it makes stool bulkier, fiber promotes less difficult bowel moves and allows the transport LDL cholesterol from your frame.
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what is the end result of miosis
Answer:
Meiosis results in the formation of four daughter cells that are haploid.
Meiosis is a process of cell division.
Hope it helps!
Answer:
four daughter cells
Explanation:
Adults who are on their feet alot for work will often soak their swollen ankles in a pail of hot water with Epsom salt dissolved in it what type of solution is the foot soaking in.
1. Hypertonic
2. Hypotonic
3. Isotonic
The type of solution formed is hypertonic.
What are hypertonic solutions?Hypertonic solutions are solutions with higher dissolved solutes as compared to the sap of the cells suspended in them.
Epsom salt is made up largely of magnesium sulfate. Thus, a solution formed by dissolving Epsom salt is water will have more magnesium in it than the cells of the part of the body soaked in it.
Hence, such a solution is hypertonic.
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scientists sometimes conduct ___ studies on animals in which sections of their brain are surgically excised to see how it affects their behvior
Scientists sometimes conduct lesion studies on animals in which sections of their brains are surgically excised.
Lesion studies are directly related to dysfunction of the brain and also identify the defect in the brain. The manipulations in the brain can be done and their behavior can be studied. If the part of the brain is excised, it can lead to impaired movement, irritation, blurry vision, hearing loss, and also in the involuntary movement of some parts of the body. The other behavioral alterations can be memory loss and also hampers the ability to make quick decisions.
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A duplicated chromosome consists of two ______. A duplicated chromosome consists of two ______. genomes centrosomes centromeres sister chromatids
Answer:
The answer is chromatids.
Explanation:
A duplicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
A duplicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids, which are exact copies of each other. During the S (synthesis) phase of the cell cycle, the DNA of a chromosome is replicated to produce two identical DNA molecules, and these two DNA molecules remain attached at a specialized region called the centromere. This attachment holds the sister chromatids together until they are separated during cell division.
When the cell enters mitosis (or meiosis), the duplicated chromosome condenses and becomes visible under a microscope. The sister chromatids are held together at the centromere, forming an X-shaped structure. During the process of cell division, the sister chromatids are pulled apart and distributed to the two daughter cells, ensuring that each cell receives an identical set of genetic information.
The presence of sister chromatids in a duplicated chromosome is essential for maintaining genetic stability and accurately transmitting genetic material from one generation of cells to the next. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
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Another name for the evolutionary force called gene flow is Group of answer choices disruptive selection. the founder effect. admixture. transposition.
Another name for the evolutionary force called gene flow is Admixture.
What is gene flow?Gene flow or Gene migration is the introduction of genetic material (by interbreeding) from one population of a species to anotherIt changes the composition of the gene pool of the receiving population.What is admixture?Genetic admixture occurs when previously diverged or isolated genetic lineages mix. Admixture results in the introduction of new genetic lineages into a population.Learn more about gene flow here:
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A fetus develops in such a way that the type II cells of the lungs never develop, resulting in no production of surfactant in the alveoli. The fetus continues development and survives to birth. What will happen when the newborn tries to take its first breath
Due to the high surface tension, the lungs remain crushed and you will not be able to breathe first.
During fertilization, the sperm and egg combine in one of the fallopian tubes to form a zygote. The zygote then descends the fallopian tube into a morula. Upon reaching the uterus, the morula becomes a blastocyst. The blastocyst then burrows into the inner wall of the uterus. This is a process called implantation.
The prenatal development process occurs in three major stages. The first two weeks after conception are called the germination period, the third to eighth weeks are called the fetal period, and the period from the ninth week to birth is called the fetal period.
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A researcher studying lobsters notices that there are distinctly different populations found in certain areas of their distribution. She postulates that this is due to primarily to coevolutionary relationships that are different in different areas due to the distribution of various parasites and mutualistic partners of the lobster species. If this hypothesis is correct it would be a clear example of ______________.
She postulates that this is due to primarily to coevolutionary relationships that are different in different areas due to the distribution of various parasites and mutualistic partners of the lobster species. If this hypothesis is correct it would be a clear example of mosaic coevolution.
According to the mosaic hypothesis of coevolution, geographic location and community ecology influence the different coevolution between closely related species in various populations. These populations might be divided in terms of time or location. Interspecific relationships can be mutualistic or hostile depending on the ecological circumstances. In mutualisms, both individuals gain from the encounter, whereas in antagonistic interactions, one partner typically has decreased fitness.Arms races involve two species figuring out how to "one up" each other. These correlations are influenced by a number of variables, such as trait mixing, hot regions, and cold places.
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She postulates that this is primarily to coevolutionary relationships that are different in different areas due to the distribution of various parasites and mutualistic partners of the lobster species. If this hypothesis is correct it would be a clear example of mosaic coevolution.
What is mosaic coevolution?The mosaic theory of coevolution states that geographic location and community ecology have an impact on the many coevolution between closely related species in different populations.
These populations may be separated based on time or place. Depending on the ecological context, interspecific relationships might be friendly or hostile.
In mutualism, both parties benefit from the interaction, whereas one party often has worse fitness in hostile interactions.
Arms races occur when two species try to outdo one another.
Trait mixing, hot locations, and cold places are only a few of the factors that affect these connections.
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The constant turnover of body tissues requires the ______ supplied by carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
Chemical energy
The constant turnover of body tissues requires the chemical energy supplied by carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
What is turnover?The definition of turnover is the equilibrium between cell proliferation and death that supports the homeostasis of cells and tissues.
How does the body get energy?Respiration is the process through which the human body produces energy by breaking down complex organic molecules like those found in carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Energy is released during respiration in the form of ATP, which is then utilized for various metabolic processes.
Carbohydrate molecules are the main source of energy, followed by lipids. Some of the molecules' existing amino acids are used as a source of energy when all the available fats and carbs are used during respiration.
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Why was the bacterio-phage an excellent choice for research to determine whether genes are made of DNA or proteins?
Because it is a simple phage, DNA surrounded by a protein coat. This two part structure helped make it easy to figure out which part is causing the transformation.
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Pectin is the . Group of answer choices primary organic acid found in the skin of fruit coloring compound found within the cells of fruit cementing compound between the cell walls of the fruit taste compound found under the skin of fruit
Pectin is the cementing compound between the cell walls of the fruit.
What is Pectin?Jellies, jams, and other preserves require pectin, a natural and widely available component. Jellies and jams won't gel if pectin isn't used.Pectin, a heteropolysaccharide starch, is a naturally occurring substance that gives the cell walls of fruits and vegetable structure. It gives jams and jellies their semisolid structure when they cool when coupled with acid, sugar, and other ingredients. The rinds, seeds, and membranes of citrus fruits, as well as some fruits like apples and quince, are naturally particularly rich in pectin.Citrus rinds are typically used to make commercial pectin. It can be pricey and is offered for sale as a dry powder and a liquid.To learn more about Pectin refer to:
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In a wheel and axel,the radius of the wheel is 50cm and that of the axel is 20 cm.if a load is 2000n is lifted by applying an effort of 1000n,calculate ma,vr and
The value of actual machine advantage (MA) is 2, velocity ration (VR) is 2.5 and efficiency η is 80%.
Calculation:
It is given that the radius of the wheel is 50 cm, radius of axle is 20 cm, load is 2000 N and effort is 1000 N.
Let, R = 50 cm
r = 20 cm
L= 2000 N
E = 1000 N
We have to calculate actual machine advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency.
We know that,
Actual machine advantage is the ratio of load and effort.MA=L/E
=2000/1000
=2
Velocity ratio is obtained by the ratio of radius of wheel to the radius of axle.VR=R/r
=50/20
=2.5
Efficiency is the percentage of the ratio of actual advantage and velocity ration.η=(MA/VR)*100
=(2/2.5)*100
=(0.8)*100
=80%
Since your question is incomplete, your complete question might be
"In a wheel and axel, the radius of the wheel is 50cm and that of the axel is 20 cm. If a load is 2000n is lifted by applying an effort of 1000n,calculate ma, vr and η."
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Where would a primary producer be located in a food chain
This pedigree supports the fact that widow's peak is due to a dominant allele, because if it were due to a recessive allele and both parents show the recessive phenotype, then ________.
This pedigree supports the fact that widow's peak is due to a dominant allele because if it were due to a recessive allele and both parents show the recessive phenotype, then all of the offspring would have a widow's peak.
What is the widow Peak gene?
A widow's peak is a distinctive, V-shaped hairline that tends to run in families. Despite the myths, it's probably no more significant than other genetic traits such as curly hair or a cleft chin. Some people prefer to downplay their widow's peak and some want to show it off.
The following genetic disorders are linked to the widow's peak: Arskog syndrome is a rare genetic condition that primarily affects men. Children with Aarskog syndrome have short stature in addition to deformities of the face, limbs, and genitalia.
There is a 75% likelihood that any of the offspring of parents who are heterozygous (Ww) will have a widow's peak.
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Hydras and jellyfish both live in a freshwater lake that is slowly being acidified by the runoff from a chemical plant built upstream. Which population is predicted to be better able to cope with the changing environment
Answer:
Hydras
Explanation:
Algae support hydras because they provide hydras oxygen. Hydras have regenerative ability; they do not appear to die of old age, or to age at all. But sometimes, disease, predators and water contamination kill off hydras before they can achieve "immortality".
Jellyfish need to stay in the water to survive. They get their oxygen from their really thin skin. In some cases, it has been found that jellyfish have an immune system that presents bacterial-specific responses.
In the absence of an adaptive immune system, Hydra polyps employ an elaborate innate immune system to detect and interact with microbes using their two cell layers as efficient defense barriers, making them survive longer or have better defense against the chemicals.
Also take into consideration, what chemicals/acids are being put into the lake and the "age" of the hydra/jellyfish.
What enzymatic features of DNA polymerase prevent it from replicating one of the DNA strands at the ends of linear chromosomes
Infections caused by a normally nonpathogenic organism often affecting individuals who have a decreased immune system or are elderly are:
Infections caused by a normally nonpathogenic organism often affecting individuals who have a decreased immune system or are elderly are opportunistic infections.
What is opportunistic function?
a disease-causing organism other than one that ordinarily causes infection. People with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to opportunistic infections.
What are the common opportunistic infection?Several of the most typical OIs among Americans with HIV include: Infection with the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a virus that can lead to mouth and lip sores. Salmonella infection is an intestinal bacterial infection.
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Sam is studying the interaction between porcupines, pinion pine trees, and pine bark beetles. Over the course of his study in Colorado, he observes the behaviors of 25 porcupines, records the location of 151 pinion pines, and traps 332 beetles. How many populations does his study include
Sam is studying the interaction between porcupines, pinion pine trees, and pine bark beetles. Over the course of his study in Colorado, he observes the behaviors of 25 porcupines, records the location of 151 pinion pines, and traps 332 beetles.
His study include 3 populations
Population ecology is the study of the factors influencing the number and distribution of animal and plant populations. The study of the development, control, and interactions of animal populations is known as animal population ecology. A population's growth may be significantly influenced by the behavior of its constituent individuals, and the presence of predators, prey, and competitors in the community will also have significant effects. The population is a level of organization that lies between individuals and communities, but there is no clear distinction between the phenomena that affect these levels and those of the population.Here Sam studies 25 porcupines, records the location of 151 pinion pines, and traps 332 beetles. hence 3 populations are being studied here.
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What are Characteristics of multicellular organisms?
Answer:
DefinitionMulticellular organisms are organisms which are composed of more than one cell, with groups of cells differentiating to take on specialized functions. For example: human cells, plant cells, fungal cells (except yeast) and cells of protoctist such as plasmodium.
CharacteristicsMade of more than one cell and are complex organisms.Visible to the eye.Possess distinct organs and organ systems.They are eukaryotes (contain nucleus) cells.Their cells exhibit division of labour.Size increases with the number of cells in an organism.which scentence accurately compares a tropical dry forest with a tropical rain forest?
A. A troipcal dry forest's species range over larger areas.
B. A tropical dry forest's soils contain fewer nutrients.
C. A tropical dry forest carries out more rapid nutrient cycling
D. A tropical dry forest has greater species richness
The sentence that accurately compares a tropical dry forest with a tropical rain forest is that a tropical dry forest's soils contain fewer nutrients. That is option B.
What is a tropical rain forest?A tropical rain forest is the type of forest that has high rain fall through out the year and they are located near the equator.
They are higher in nutrients when compared to the tropical dry forest.
Therefore, a tropical dry forest's soils contain fewer nutrients.
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Answer:
A. A troipcal dry forest's species range over larger areas.
I examine all the coding sequences in Diceros bicornis (Black rhinoceros) and identify each codon that translates into threonine with the following results: 25% ACA, 25% ACC, 25% ACT, 25% ACG. This results supports the conclusion that _______________.
I examine all the coding sequences in Diceros bicornis (Black rhinoceros) and identify each codon that translates into threonine with the following results: 25% ACA, 25% ACC, 25% ACT, 25% ACG. This results supports the conclusion that there is no codon usage bias.
The term "codon use bias" describes variations in the frequency at which synonymous codons appear in coding DNA. A codon is a group of three nucleotides that codes either the end of translation or a particular amino acid residue in a polypeptide chain.The occurrence of specific codons being used more frequently than other synonymous codons during the translation of genes is known as codon use bias, and its severity varies between and within species.here, each codon translating into threonine is in equal proportion ie, 25%. 25% ACA, 25% ACC, 25% ACT, 25% ACG indicate that the codons are used in equal proportion and thus there is no codon usage bias in Diceros bicornis.learn more about codon usage bias here: https://brainly.com/question/15339928
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