The physics of wind instruments is based on the concept of standing waves. When the player blows into the mouthpiece, the column of air inside the instrument vibrates, and standing waves are produced. Although the acoustics of wind instruments is complicated, a simple description in terms of open and closed tubes can help in understanding the physical phenomena related to these instruments. For example, a flute can be described as an open-open pipe because a flutist covers the mouthpiece of the flute only partially. Meanwhile, a clarinet can be described as an open-closed pipe because the mouthpiece of the clarinet is almost completely closed by the reed. (a) Consider a pipe of length L open at both ends. If the speed of sound in air is v, what is the fundamental frequency f1 of the sound wave produced when you blow into the pipe (in terms of L and v)? (b) If you drill a hole at a position half the length of the pipe, what is the new fundamental frequency f1' of the sound that can be produced in the pipe (in terms of the original length L and v)? (c) For which values of n does the nth harmonic of the original pipe of length L from part (a) also exist as a harmonic of the pipe in part (b). (d) What length of open-closed pipe would you need to achieve the same fundamental frequency f1'' as the original open-open pipe of length L from part (a)? (e) What is the frequency of the first possible harmonic after the fundamental frequency in the open-closed pipe from part (d) (in terms of L and v)?

When the bubbling stops, what appears to be liquid is actually molten solid, which won't evaporate but could breakdown under extreme heat.

Particle are less closely packed in liquids than they are in solids. When maintained inside a container, liquids adopt that shape. Since there is a smaller room for movement among particles in liquid, compression is challenging. While liquids have a fixed volume, their shapes are not.

The significant difference in polarity between oxygen and hydrogen causes the water molecules to be dipolar. As a result, a tight hydrogen bond forms between the H & O of nearby water molecules, which explains why the water molecules are packed closely together.

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The spring's compressed length before halting frictionless  is therefore 0.40m.

(m2) (s–1) (s–1)

2 N kg m s2 (kg m-1) Take a test. 5. Scalars: mass, distance, and the labour required to extend the spring out of its equilibrium position are stored as elastic potential energy; vectors: displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force; The work required to extend the spring away from equilibrium is equal to the change in kinetic energy of the box. The spring is extended until the box stops moving; hence, the box's final kinetic energy is zero. The elastic potential energy used to compress the spring can be equated to the initial kinetic energy of the box to find the expression to compute the compressed distance using the law of conservation of energy frictionless.

The force required to create

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The velocity is 6.52 m/s, and the velocity in component vector form is vcos.

"The pace at which an item changes its location" is described by a vector number known as velocity. Consider someone walking swiftly, one step ahead, one step back, and beginning each stride in the same place. Velocity is measured as a vector quantity. As a result, velocity is aware of direction. When calculating an object's velocity, the direction must be considered. A speed of 55 miles per hour does not provide enough information. To accurately represent the velocity of an object, the direction must be taken into account. Simply simply, the direction of the velocity vector describes the object's motion.

velocity in vector form

= vcos vector form

=18cos53 v

=16.52 m/s

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An outdoor thermometer ~sterl1l temperature of 40 f. five minutes after it is brought into a room where the temperature is 70 f. the thermometer registers 60 of. In 8.15 min it will register 65 f.

The physical concept of temperature indicates in numerical form how hot or cold something is. A thermometer is used to determine temperature. Thermometers are calibrated using a variety of temperature scales, which historically defined distinct reference points and thermometric substances. The most popular scales are the Celsius scale, sometimes known as centigrade, with the unit symbol °C, the Fahrenheit scale (°F), and the Kelvin scale (K), with the latter being mostly used for scientific purposes. One of the seven base units in the International System of Units is the kelvin (SI). The lowest temperature on the thermodynamic temperature scale is absolute zero, or 0 kelvin, or 273.15 °C. The third law of thermodynamics acknowledges that it cannot actually be reached experimentally but can only be very closely approached. At that temperature, it would be difficult to produce heat from a body. All areas of natural science, including physics, chemistry, Earth science, astronomy, biology, ecology, material science, metallurgy, mechanical engineering, geography, and most aspects of daily life, depend on temperature. These fields include medicine, biology, ecology, and most other branches of science.

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A point-to-point microwave link is being implemented at 10 ghz using identical parabolic antennas on each end of 20 cm diameter and illumination efficiency of 90%. 10 g X G means 10gG is the gain of these antennas.

Electromagnetic radiation that can be seen by the human eye is known as light or visible light. Typically, visible light is characterized as having wavelengths between 400 and 700 nanometers (nm), or frequencies between 750 and 420 terahertz, which fall between the longer-wavelength infrared and the shorter-wavelength ultraviolet (with shorter wavelengths). The term "light" in physics can be used to more broadly describe electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether or not it is visible. Gamma rays, X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves are all forms of light in this sense. Intensity, illumination, propagation direction, frequency or wavelength spectrum, and polarization are the four main characteristics of light. One of the fundamental constants of nature is its speed in a vacuum, which is 299 792 458 meters per second (m/s). The wavelength of EMR affects how it behaves. While lower frequencies have longer wavelengths, higher frequencies have shorter ones. The behavior of EMR depends on the energy that each quantum of the field carries when it interacts with individual atoms and molecules.

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The kinetic energy of a rotating body with moment of inertia 0.003 kgm^2 and angular velocity of 0.6 radius per seconds is equal to 0.00054 Joules.

In Science, kinetic energy can be defined as a type of energy that's possessed by a physical object or body, especially due to its motion or a change in velocity (acceleration).

Mathematically, the kinetic energy of a rotating body with a given moment of inertia and angular velocity can be calculated by using the following mathematical expression;

K.E = 1/2 × I × ω²

Where:

Substituting the given parameters into the formula for the kinetic energy of a rotating body, we have;

K.E = 1/2 × 0.003 × 0.6²

K.E = 0.00054 Joules.

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Complete Question:

Find the kinetic energy of a rotating body with moment of inertia 0.003 kgm^2 and angular velocity of 0.6 radius per seconds.

A particle has potential energy U(x)=x+sin ((2 rad/m) x) as a particle moves over the range 0 m \leq pi m The equilibrium positions in this range will be a=(pi/3), x=(2pi/3).

Potential energy and equilibrium are related in that the body's potential energy is lower in such an equilibrium.

In this case, the state generates a force that does not resist the displacement when a little distance displaces the body.

When the body shifts from its initial posture in such a situation.

Potential energy is a form of stored energy that is dependent on the relationship between different system components.

When a spring is squeezed or extended, its potential energy increases.

If a steel ball is lifted above the ground as opposed to falling to the ground, it has higher potential energy.

A particle has potential energy u(x)=x+sin 2 x

Now differentiating with respect to x.

[tex]\Rightarrow \frac{d u}{d x}=1+2 \cos 2 x \\\\[/tex]

for equilibrium point  

[tex]\frac{d u}{d x}=0 \\\\\Rightarrow (1+2 \cos 2 x)=0 \\\\\Rightarrow \cos 2 x=-\frac{1}{2}[/tex]

[tex]$$\begin{aligned} \Rightarrow \cos 2 x=\cos \left(\pi-\frac{\pi}{3}\right) \\\Rightarrow 2 x=\frac{2 \pi}{3} \Rightarrow x=\frac{\pi}{3} \\\cos 2 x=\cos \left(\pi+\frac{\pi}{3}\right) \\\Rightarrow 2 x=\frac{4 \pi}{3} \Rightarrow x=\frac{2 \pi}{3}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]

Hence, a=(Pi/3), x=(2pi/3) is correct,

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The correct questions should be:

A particle has potential energy U(x)=x+sin ((2 rad/m) x) as a particle moves over the range 0 m [tex]\leq[/tex] pi m.

Where are the equilibrium positions in this range?

Check all that apply.

x=pi/6 m

x=pi m

x=(pi/2) m

x=(pi/3) m

x=(2/3) pi m

A ray diagram is a tool used by physicists to explain or predict the behavior of beams of light as they pass through objects such as glass blocks or lenses.

A ray diagram is a diagram that strains the route that light takes so as for a person to view a factor in the photograph of an object. In the diagram, rays are drawn for the incident ray and the meditated ray.

Ray diagrams help us hint at the course of the light for the man or woman to view a point on the photograph of an object. The Ray diagram makes use of lines with arrows to symbolize the incident and reflected ray. It also helps us trace the direction in which the mild travels.

A mild ray is a line that is perpendicular to the mild's wavefronts; its tangent is collinear with the wave vector. light rays in homogeneous media are instant. They bend at the interface between two distinctive media and may be curved in a medium wherein the refractive index modifications.

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Based on the provided information, it can be predicted that the circadian rhythms for the astronauts would be drift toward a slightly longer cycle. (Option A)

A circadian rhythm, also known as circadian cycle, refers to a natural, internal process that regulates the sleep–wake cycle and is repeated roughly every 24 hours. It can refer to any process that originates within an organism and responds to the environment. These natural processes respond primarily to light and dark and affect most living things. A zeitgeber refers to any external cue or environmental cue that synchronizes an organism's biological rhythms such as circadian rhythm, usually naturally occurring and serving to entrain to the Earth's 24-hour light/dark and 12-month cycles. Circadian rhythms that are expressed in the absence of any 24-hour signals from the external environment are called free running, which are slightly longer cycle than usual. Hence, in the absence of external cue, the circadian rhythms for the astronauts would drift toward a slightly longer cycle.

Note: The question is incomplete as it is missing options which are a. They would drift toward a slightly longer cycle. b. They would become sporadic and show no definite pattern. c. They would stay synchronized with a 24-hour cycle. d. They would become synchronized with the light pattern around Mars.

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In a photoelectric effect experiment at a frequency above the cut off frequency the number of electrons ejected is proportional to the number of photons that hit the sample per second.

The photoelectric current is measured in relation to the intensity of the incident radiation at a specific frequency and potential between the metal plate and collector. It demonstrates that incident radiation intensity and photoelectric current are inversely correlated. The photoelectric current shows how many photoelectrons are released each second.

The idea of light as a wave cannot be used to explain the photoelectric effect. However, the particle nature of light, which can be visualized as a stream of electromagnetic energy-containing particles, can provide an explanation for this phenomenon. These particles of light are called as photons.

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The engine's thermal efficiency if the gas volume is halved during the adiabatic compression is 24%

Any thermal cycle's efficiency is expressed as

[tex]$$\eta=1-\frac{T_c}{T_h}$$[/tex]

We know that for an adiabatic process

[tex]$$p V^\gamma=\text { const }$$[/tex]

From the first law, we may express pressure in terms of temperature.

[tex]$$\begin{aligned}& p V=n R T \\& \Rightarrow p=\frac{n R T}{V} \propto T V^{-1}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]

As a result, we have the following for an adiabatic process:

[tex]$$T V^{\gamma-1}=\text { const } .$$[/tex]

Let us now calculate a temperature ratio based on the volume ratio:

[tex]$$T_c V_c^{V-1}=T_h V_h^{\gamma-1}$$[/tex]

We get that

[tex]\frac{T_c}{T_h}=\frac{V_h^{\gamma-1}}{V_c^{\gamma-1}}=\left(\frac{V_h}{V_c}\right)^{\gamma-1}$$[/tex]

The Efficiency will be,

[tex]$$\begin{array}{r}\eta=1-\left(\frac{V_h}{V_c}\right)^{\gamma-1} \\\eta=1-\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{1.40-1}=24 \% .\end{array}$$[/tex]

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A sound traveling through air at 200 Hz has the same velocity as one traveling at 400 Hz.

The source determines the frequency of the sound wave. However, the density of the medium and the bulk modulus are the only factors that affect the speed of the sound wave. When compared to the speed of sound at 400 Hz, the speed of sound at 200 Hz is therefore constant.

Air and water have different sound propagation rates. The speed of sound in air is around 343 meters per second under normal circumstances, while the speed of sound in water is approximately 1,480 meters per second. Fundamentally, a compression wave moving through a medium is what makes up normal sound.

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Correct Question:

Compared to the velocity of a 400 Hz sound, the velocity of a 200 Hz sound through air is __________.

QCS=QC1+QC2+QC3. When we cancel the charge Q, we get the formula 1CS=1C1+1C2+1C3, which contains the equivalent capacitance, CS, of three capacitors connected in series.

Any number of capacitors in a series network can be included in the generalization of this formula. The polarity of an AC current alternates between positive and negative on a regular basis. As the polarity of the current changes, capacitors are continuously charged and discharged, allowing AC current to pass through. A capacitor, as contrast to a battery, is a component of a circuit that temporarily stores electrical energy by dispersing charged particles between (often two) plates to produce a potential difference. A capacitor may charge more fast than a battery and can discharge its whole stored energy in a matter of seconds.

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The minimum mass of hydrogen gas required is  641.64 grams.

Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium, or platinum. This process is commonly used to reduce or saturate organic compounds.

2-butene = C4H8

maximum hydrogenation = C4H10

then we require 2 H, that is 1 mol ofH2

2-butene +H2 --> butane

MW of butene = 56.106

mol of butene = mass/MW = 18000/56.106 = 320.8213mol

then we require 1:1 ratio

320.8213 mol of H2

mass = mol*MW = 320.8213*2 = 641.64 g of H2

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the natural length (in cm) of the spring is 4 cm

Calculation :

Let a = natural length of string from given data

54 = k/2(16-a)² - k/2(10-a)²

108 = k[256 + a² - 32a - 100 - a² + 200]

108 = k[156 - 12a]

9 = k[39 - 3a]   ------ 1

90 = k/2(22-a)² - k/2(16-a)²

90 = k(114 - 6a)

15 = k(19 - a) --------2

solving eqn 1 and 2

15/9 = (19k - ka)/(13k - ka)

15/9 = (19- a) / (13 - a)

24 = 6a

a = 4 cm

the natural length (in cm) of the spring is 4 cm.

Work is a force over distance. Examples of jobs include lifting objects against gravity, driving cars up hills, and pulling down trapped helium balloons. Work is a mechanical manifestation of energy. The usual unit of work is the joule (J), which is equivalent to the Newton meter (N m).

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The pressure exerted by the person is found to be  3 N/cm².

The physical force applied to an object is referred to as pressure. It is the force that is dispersed over a unit area per unit of time perpendicular to the surface of an object. The formula used to calculate pressure is P=F/A where P is the pressure, F is force, and A is the area.

Given the force is 600 N and the area is 200 cm².

Then, the pressure is calculated as follows,

P = F/A

P = 600 N/200 cm²

P = 3 N/cm²

The answer is 3 N/cm².

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the wavelength of this electromagnetic radiation is 12.2cm.

Calculation :

The frequency, speed of light, and wavelength are interrelated with each other as:

fλ=c

f is 2.45GHz or 2.45∗10⁹Hz

λ=3∗10⁸/2.45∗10⁹

So, the wavelength of this electromagnetic radiation is 12.2cm.

Wavelength is the distance between identical points (adjacent peaks) in adjacent cycles of a waveform signal propagating in space or along a line. For wireless systems, this length is usually specified in meters (m), centimeters (cm), or millimeters (mm).

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Yes, it is possible for a particle to be found within the barrier while undergoing tunneling.

This phenomenon is known as quantum tunneling. Quantum tunneling occurs when a particle tunnels through a barrier that is normally too high to be crossed by the particle's kinetic energy. This occurs due to the wave-like nature of particles, which allows them to go through barriers that are otherwise impenetrable.

The wave-like nature of particles allows them to penetrate the barrier, often with a probability greater than zero. This phenomenon is used in many applications in science and technology, such as in quantum computing, where quantum tunneling is used to tunnel qubits through the barrier of a logic gate.

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Answer: a = 5.4 m/s^2

Explanation:

a = Δv/Δt

a = (6.5 m/s)/(1.2 s)

a = 5.4 m/s^2

The differential gravitational force that one body exerts on opposite sides of another body is called gravitational torque.

Gravitational torque is a measure of the rotational force exerted by a gravitational field on an object. It is equal to the product of the gravitational force and the lever arm (the distance between the point of application of the force and the axis of rotation).

For example, consider a satellite orbiting a planet. The satellite experiences a gravitational force from the planet, which acts to pull it toward the planet. However, this gravitational force is not uniform over the surface of the satellite.

The side of the satellite closest to the planet experiences a stronger gravitational force than the side furthest from the planet. This differential gravitational force creates a gravitational torque on the satellite, which causes it to rotate about its axis.

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An Electromagnet can be best described as a temporary magnet.

An Electromagnet is called a non permanent magnet or a temporary magnet.

It is called so because of its property of getting magnetized and demagnetized.

Electromagnet behaves like a magnet only in the presence of the electric current their magnetic properties disappear as soon as the current in them stops.

Electromagnet are used in various devices like headphones and loudspeakers,  induction cookers, data storage devices MRI machines and magnetic locks.

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4.23 m is the height the crate can move in 3s.

At t = 0,

force F = 100 N.

the time taken to move upward is 3s

Since at this moment,

2 F = 200 N > W = 20(9.81) = 196.2 N2F=200N>W=20(9.81)=196.2N,

the crate will move at that moment force F is applied. Referring to the Free body diagram of the crate,

[tex]m(v_y)_1 + \sum\int\limits^{t_2}_{t_1} {F_y} \, dt=m(v_y)_2[/tex]

=>  [tex]0+2\int\limits^t_0 {100+5t^2} \, dt-20(9.81)t=20v[/tex]

=>[tex]2(100t+\frac{5}{3} t^3)-196.2t =20v[/tex]

=> v={0.1667[tex]t^3[/tex] + 0.19 t} m/s

The displacement of the crate can be calculated by integrating

ds = v dt with the primary condition s = 0 at t = 0.

[tex]\int\limits^s_o \, ds =\int\limits^t_o {0.1667t^3+0.19t} \, dt[/tex]

=> s={0.04167[tex]t^4[/tex]+0.095[tex]t^3[/tex]}m

At time  t = 3 s,

s=0.04167 ( [tex]3^4[/tex] ) + 0.095 ( [tex]3^3[/tex])

=> s = 4.23 m

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The tension in the cord when the object is at the lowest point of its swing is 3 mg.

The complete question is in the attachment. The small object moves from point A to point B. According to the law of conservation of energy

KE a + PE a = KE b + PE b

0.5 m₁ v₁² + m₁ g h₁ + 0.5 m₂ v₂² + m g h₂

(0.5 × m × 0²) + (m × g × r) = (0.5 × m × v₂²) + (m × g × 0)

0 + mgr = 0.5 mv₂² + 0

v₂² = 2gr

[tex]v_2 \:=\: \sqrt{2gr}[/tex]

The object moves according to uniform circular motion. There is the centripetal force that works in the system. The forces acting on the object are weight force and tension force. According to Newton's second law for circular motion

Fc = mα

T - w = mv²/R

T - mg = mv²/R

T = mv₂²/r + mg

T = (m × 2gr ÷ r) + mg

T = 2mg + mg

T = 3 mg

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The magnitude of the radial acceleration of the car 10m/sec²

Given Velocity v = 50m/sec

Diameter D = 500m

Radius r = 250m

Acceleration a = [tex]v^{2}[/tex]/r = 2500/250 = 10m/sec²

The rate of change in an object's velocity with respect to time is known as acceleration in mechanics. In vector quantities, accelerations exist (in that they have magnitude and direction). [1] [2] The direction of the net force that is acting on an object determines its acceleration. Newton's Second Law[3] states that the sum of the effects of two causes determines the size of an object's acceleration:

The net balance of all external forces acting on that thing — magnitude is directly proportional to this net resulting force; that object's mass, depending on the materials out of which it is built — magnitude is inversely proportional to the object's mass.

Meter per Second Squared (m/s2) is the SI unit for acceleration. displaystyle, mathrm, tfrac, ms2, and

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Due to the dependence of gas volume on temperature and pressure, gases are not commercially marketed by volume.

The space occupied by the gaseous particles under typical pressure and temperature circumstances is referred to as the volume of gas.

It has the symbol "V."

The symbol for volume in the SI is "litres," or "L".

When the gas is at normal temperature, a mole has a volume of 24 m3, or 24 000 cm3.

The molar volume of a gas is this quantity.

The body of lecture 18 is included in the material that follows. The Gas Laws, including the Ideal and Combined Gas Laws, as well as Charles', Boyle's, Avagadro's, and Gay Lussacs', are covered in this lecture.

The four primary characteristics of gases are related to one another by four main principles.

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If an object weighs more than an equal volume of water, it is more dense and will sink, and if it weighs less than an equal volume of water, it is less dense and will float.

Heavy objects sink and light objects go with the flow irrespective of their size, form or the type of cloth used to lead them to. A true floating item ought to be wholly above the floor of the liquid.

All objects, even those that drift, displace some water. Mainly, while located in water, an item sinks into the water until it displaces an quantity of water same to its very own mass. The extra mass an item has, the in addition it sinks.

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Artesian spring all a spring that escapes a confined aquifer via rock fracture and is under enough pressure to free-flow to the surface.

To keep the water from evaporating, aquitards must exist both above and below the aquifer.  when a well is dug into the aquifer and the pressure surface is above the surface.

A pumpless water source known as an artesian well utilizes pipes to help pressurized subsurface water rise to the surface.

movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers in inland and coastal regions as groundwater is drained more quickly than it is replenished by precipitation

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Archimedes, on the other hand, states that the amount of water (equal to 16000N) will be reduced by 3% since seawater has a specific gravity that is roughly 3% higher than freshwater.

900 000 metric tonnes of water are removed by it. 300,000 elephants would be the equal. The air inside a ship is significantly less dense than water. It floats because of that. The key concept is that the body "floats," which is the underlying presumption in this situation. According to the Archimedes Principle, for this body, vessel, or whatever it may be to float, it must move an equal amount of water.

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The ratio of their radius [tex]\frac{r_A}{r_B}[/tex] = 1/4 .

Escape velocity is the speed at which the sum of kinetic and gravitational potential energy of an object equals 0.

[tex]v_e_s_c[/tex] = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{2GM}{r} }[/tex]

where [tex]v_e_s_c[/tex] is escape velocity G is universal gravitational constant and M is mass of the object and r is distance of object.

let [tex]v_A[/tex] and [tex]v_B[/tex] be the escape velocity of the of planet A and planet B

so [tex]v_A = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{r_A} }[/tex]  -----(i)

and [tex]v_B=\sqrt{\frac{2GM}{r_B} }[/tex]   ----(ii)

given [tex]\frac{v_A}{v_B}[/tex] = 2

=>  [tex]\frac{v_A^2}{v_B^2}[/tex]  = 4

=> [tex]\frac{r_B}{r_A}[/tex] = 4

so [tex]\frac{r_A}{r_B}[/tex]  = 1/4

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Answer:

10.347

Explanation: