The energy cost of physical activity refers to the energy required to maintain our breathing and blood circulation. False.
Energy expenditure describes how much a person uses during physical activity and to maintain vital bodily processes like respiration, circulation, and digestion. Even when the body is at rest, it needs energy (kilojoules) to keep all of its systems running smoothly. This is known as the basal metabolic rate (BMR) (such as breathing, keeping the heart beating to circulate blood, growing and repairing cells and adjusting hormone levels). The energy used up while movement is known as physical activity energy expenditure, or PAEE. The thermic effect of food, sometimes referred to as diet-induced energy expenditure, is connected to food digestion, absorption, and storage.
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Why is there a higher number of carriers than affected individuals?Settings:Mode of inheritance - RecessiveParental generation -Male - HeterozygousFemale - Homozygous mutantMatings between relatives - disallowProgeny in first generation - 4Show carriers - turn on
Despite only having a 25% probability of contracting the illness, offspring get a 75% chance of acquiring at that one mutant allele.
What is an example of homozygosity?When two identical copies of a gene are present, you are said to be homozygous for that gene. It contrasts with a heterozygous genotype, in which the alleles are distinct. Everyone who possesses a recessive characteristic, such as red hair or blue eyes, is dominant for that gene.
Or AA is homozygous?Homozygous people have two copies with same allele. That might be homozygous dominant or hereditary recessive, AA or aa. A person with two dominant "A" genotypes for a certain gene is said to be homozygous dominant for that gene.
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gray seed color in peas is dominant to white. assume that mendel conducted a series of experiments where plants with gray seeds were crossed among themselves, and the following progeny were produced: 302 gray and 98 white. (a) what is the most probable genotype of each parent? (b) based on your answer in (a) above, what genotypic and phenotypic ratios are expected in the progeny? (assume the following symbols: g
The theory of genetics, first proposed by Gregor Mendel in the 19th century, states that certain characteristics in plants and animals are determined by the combination of two alleles, one from each parent.
In his experiments with peas, Mendel discovered that the gray seed color was dominant to the white color. This means that when two plants with different alleles for the seed color trait were crossed, the resulting offspring would typically have the characteristic of the dominant allele.
(a) The most probable genotype of each parent is GG and Gg. This is because the parent plants with gray seeds are homozygous dominant (GG) and heterozygous (Gg).
(b) If the two parent plants are GG and Gg, the expected genotypic ratio in the progeny will be 1 GG: 2 Gg: 1 ww. The expected phenotypic ratio will be 3 gray: 1 white. This is because the dominant gray allele (G) is more likely to be expressed in the progeny than the recessive white allele (w). Therefore, the progeny of this cross will have a higher proportion of gray seeds than white seeds.
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Match the term with the correct definition.
Depolarization...
a. small change in resting membrane potential confined to a small area
b. charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state
c. larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over the entire surface of a cell
d. membrane becomes more positive when Na+ diffuses into cell
e. return to resting membrane potential
Option d Depolarization membrane become more Depolarization positive when Na+ diffuses into cell.
Because sodium is a positively charged ion, it will cause a change in the relative voltage between inside and outside the cell. Because the resting potential is the membrane's state at a voltage of 70 mV, sodium cation entering the cell causes it to become less negative. Neurotransmitters that open Na+ channels tend to make the Depolarization membrane potential more positive, while those that activate K+ channels tend to make it more negative; those that inhibit these channels tend to have the opposite effect.
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Match the definition to the word
Answer:
undissipated- 2
malleus -5
decoding -7
stapes -4
incus -6
cochlea -1
tympanic -3
Explanation:
Greetings !
look at the attachment above for the definitions, so far it's also explained.
Hope it helps!!!
Match the following major signs and/or symptoms with a particular source of a food-borne or water-borne illness. Nausea; muscle pain; fatigue; facial swelling, especially around eyes Norovirus Clostridium botulinum Campylobacter jejuni Abdominal cramps, diarrhea (can be bloody), fever, and vomiting Stomach flu Blurry vision, difficulty swallowing, and general muscle weakness Sore throat and violent coughing Giardia Trichinella "Explosive" vomiting and watery, non bloody diarrhea Diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss Frequent urination
The nurse may identify these as dysphagia symptoms if a patient develops nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and lightheadedness after meals following gastric bypass surgery.
The term "dysphagia" refers to a medical disorder where a person may experience swallowing issues, leading to a variety of symptoms like nausea, vomiting, stomach cramping, etc. after meals.Because health issues are linked to difficulties moving both food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach, the individual's health symptoms may also manifest while they are drinking (rather than only when they are eating).With this information, we can see that the dysphagia condition is linked to swallowing issues in a person or patient, and as a result, the above-mentioned list of frequent symptoms can be used to characterize this sort of disease.
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in ethiopia, the people got a grant from the government to set aside land for natural vegetation to return. when there is vegetation on the land, the water sinks slowly into the ground. true or false
The given statement is true that the vegetation on land makes the water sink into the ground slowly.
Vegetation refers to the plants present on the ground. It is the total plant cover of an area. It includes all the plant types i.e. herbs, shrubs and trees. Vegetation makes the passage of water slow and this process prevents the soil erosion. Also the water that passes through the vegetation is said to be more pre and pollutant free.
Water is the most essential entity of life. It is said than approximately more than 70% of the earth is covered with water. However, the drinking fresh water makes only 0.5% of it. 30% of this freshwater is present as groundwater.
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the simplest reflex where muscles contract in response to excessive stretch (click to select)prevents contracting muscles from applying tension to tendons (click to select)removes a body part from a painful stimulus (click to select)response to a withdrawal reflex; causes extension of the opposite limb (click to select)
The simplest reflex where muscles contract in response to excessive stretch Stretch reflex prevents contracting muscles from applying tension to tendons Withdrawal reflex removes a body part from a painful stimulus Crossed-extensor reflex response to a withdrawal reflex; causes extension of the opposite limb Golgi tendon reflex.
The stretch reflex or myotatic reflex refers back to the contraction of a muscle in reaction to its passive stretching by using growing its contractility so long as the stretch is within physiological limits.
The Golgi tendon reflex is a response to sizable anxiety on a tendon. It allows keep away from robust muscle contractions which could tear the tendon from either the muscle or bone. In sports activities, short moves can harm the tendon before the reflex can arise.
The receptor responsible for initiating a stretch reflex is the muscle spindle. Muscle spindles are determined in almost all skeletal muscle groups and are especially concentrated in muscle tissues that exert exceptional motor manage.
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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the comlete question.
1. The simplest reflex; muscles contract in response to a stretch 2. Prevents contracting muscles from applying tension to tendons 2.Removes a body part from a painful stimulus
3. Response to a withdrawal reflex; causes extension of the opposite limb
-Withdrawal reflex
-Golgi tendon reflex
-Stretch reflex
-Crossed-extensor reflex
Adaptation to a way of life can explain ___________.
modifications2 examples that relate the change in bone structure to mode of locomotion.
1. Frogs have a combined radius and ulna to help them jump higher.
2. Birds do not have as many metacarpals, carpals, and phalanges so they can fly more efficiently.
the process through which organisms adapt to their surroundings to increase their chances of surviving there.
Why is life adaption important?To really be able to survive, all species must be able can adapt to their environment.This entails adapting in order to survive the ecosystem's climatic conditions, predators, as well as other species who compete with them for resources like food and habitat.
Describe adaptability using an example?Animals and plants that are living have specific characteristics that allow them to live and prosper in their environments.Adaptations are these characteristics.Here are two instances of adaptation:Cacti have transformed their leaves into spines to reduce water loss from transpiration in the scorching conditions of deserts.
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applied behavior analysis is an example of [ select ] , and it based on laboratory studies of [ select ] .
Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is an example of [a form of therapy to treat issues with communication, motor skills, and behavioral disorders], and it is based on laboratory studies of [hormone levels].
This therapy applies to the understanding of how behavior works in real-life situations, for increasing behaviors that are of useful help and decreasing behaviors that are dangerous or simultaneously affect learning. Discrete trial teaching also known as discrete trial training or learning is known to be rooted firmly in behavioral learning theory. This applied behavior analysis is based on laboratory studies of hormone levels.
Now you need to understand here that hormones level play a great role in applied behavior analysis because an imbalance in hormones causes abnormal behavior.
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gross anatomy of the human male reproductive system 1. List the two principal functions of the testis:
Male gametes, or spermatozoa, are the first to develop into gametes. The main hormone involved in male sex, testosterone, is also produced.
The spermatic cord holds the testes, which are oval organs in the scrotum that are about the size of extremely big olives, at either end. Males often have two testicles. Sperm and testosterone, the main hormone involved in male sex, are both produced in the testes. Seminiferous tubules, coiling collections of tubes, are found inside the testes. Through a process known as spermatogenesis, these tubules are in charge of creating the sperm cells.
Hormones are essential to the male reproductive system as a whole. These are substances that control or enhance the functionality of your cells and organs.
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Animals can be classified according to their mode of thermoregulation. Sort the animals below, indicating their likely thermoregulatory strategy. Note that poikilotherms are sometimes referred to as heterotherms.
homeothermic endotherm - walrus, eagle, coyote
homeothermic ectotherm - arctic shrimp
poikilothermic ectotherm - butterfly, freshwater catfish, salamander
Animals can be classified according to their mode of thermoregulation as homeothermic endotherms- eagle, coyote, and walrus. homeothermic ectotherm- arctic shrimp. poikilothermic- freshwater catfish, salamander, and butterfly.
Animals known as homeotherms keep their body temperature constant. All endotherms are homeotherms, but some ectotherms, like desert lizards, are regarded as homeotherms because they are so adept at maintaining their body temperature through behavioral means.
The majority of animals must maintain a relatively stable core body temperature. Endotherms keep their bodies warm by using heat they produce internally. Regardless of the environment, their body temperature tends to remain constant. Ectotherms' body temperatures fluctuate in response to the temperature of the environment, relying primarily on external heat sources.
Poikilotherms, which are cold-blooded animals, have less physiological control over their heat balance but can alter their energy gains and losses by seeking shade, sunlight, or wind shelter. Each term of the animal heat balance equation is discussed in this chapter.
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trace the path of lymph from the time it leaves the interstitial spaces to the time it enters the blood.
The lymph trunks then merge to form the right lymph duct and the thoracic duct. The lymph is carried by these ducts into the right and left subclavian veins, which flow into the vena cava.
This is the point at which lymph fluid exits the interstitial space of tissues and returns to blood circulation. Examine all of the lymph components. Trace the path of lymph from its exit from the interstitial spaces to its entry into the blood.
1. Capillaries of lymphatic fluid
2. Lymphatic afferent vessels
3. The lymph nodes
4. Lymphatic efferent vessels Lymphatic ducts.
Connect the lymphatic trunk to the major body region it drains. The lymphatic pathway is an open channel through which lymphatic fluid circulates. Because the channel is one-way.
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All parasympathetic neurons areA) adrenergic.B) cholinergic.C) nitroxidergic.D) gamma-aminobutyric.E) dopaminergic.
All parasympathetic neurons are Option B) cholinergic.The parasympathetic nervous system, which is that portion of the autonomic nervous system whose motor components run in cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X as well as in the sacral nerves, is an anatomically defined division of the autonomic nervous system.
The sympathetic nervous system is the other division of the central nervous system, and it emerges from the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord.
The parasympathetic division supports a wide range of functions. The limbs and skin are not affected, only the autonomically regulated organs of the head, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. The cell bodies of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are found in the central nervous system, and they form synapses in ganglia that are either next to or embedded in the walls of the organs they supply.
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Place the following excitation-contraction coupling events in the order that they occur.
End-plate potential reaches threshold
Action potential sent throughout the sarcolemma
Voltage-sensitive DPH receptors are activated
Conformational change opens RyR1 channels
Release of calcium into sarcoplasm
Events involving excitation-contraction coupling , The EC-coupling cycle involves the following events: action potential depolarization of the plasma membrane and its membrane invaginations (the t-tubular system); transduction of the depolarization signal to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane; and activation of Ca2+ release from the SR.
At the myoneural junction, ACh is released.ACh assists in opening nicotinic cholinergic receptors and entrance of Na+ that opens the voltage gated (Na+) channels as they bring to threshold. Sarcolemma action potential regenerationThe action potential travels down the sarcolemma to the T-tubules, causing a conformational change in the voltage sensitive DHP (dihydropyridine) receptors. DHP activation aids in the opening of RyR1 channels. The T-tubules are depolarized, resulting in the opening of calcium ion channels in the SR. Step Myosin heads connect to begin contraction.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. when a molecule binds to a taste receptor cell, a _____ is secreted and an action potential occurs over a sensory neuron. the nerve impulse continues through the _____ and the_____ , and is interpreted in the ____ lobe of the cerebrum. senso____ also occurs rather quickly, which helps explain the reason the first few bites of a particular food have the most vivid flavor.
when a molecule binds to a taste receptor cell, a neurotransmitter is secreted and an action potential occurs over a sensory neuron. The nerve impulse continues through the medulla oblongata and the thalamus , and is interpreted in the temporal lobe of the cerebrum. Sensory neurons also occurs rather quickly, which helps explain the reason the first few bites of a particular food have the most vivid flavor.
What is neurotransmitter?
In the synaptic cleft, where they can interact with receptors on the target cell, neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles. The receptor that the neurotransmitter attaches to determines how the neurotransmitter affects the target cell.
What are the functions of a neurotransmitter?
Neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that transports, amplifies, and balances messages between target cells and neurons (also known as nerve cells) all over the body.
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what organ is associated with osmoregulation and is made of the glomerulus, tubule, and collecting duct? question 2 options: heart kidney liver stomach
The kidney is associated with osmoregulation and is made of the glomerulus, tubule, and collecting duct.
The primary osmoregulatory organs in mammalian systems are the kidneys, which filter blood and keep body fluid osmolarity at 300 mOsm. The cortex, medulla, and pelvis are the three separate internal sections that make up this three-layered structure.
The aorta and inferior vena cava, respectively, serve as the origin and fusion points for the blood arteries that carry blood into and out of the kidneys. The segmental, interlobar, arcuate, and cortical radiate arteries are formed when the renal arteries enter the kidney after branching off from the aorta.
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Calculate the SA:V ratio for a spherical cell with a radius of 5 and the SA:V ratio of a single cuboidal cell with a side *7. Then, state which cell would be most efficient at transport across the membrane.
The SA:V ratio for a spherical cell with a radius of 5 is 0.6 and the SA:V ratio of a single cuboidal cell with a side *7 is 1.16.
What is cell?Cell is defined as the smallest component of all living things, including cells and tissues in the body, that is capable of independent living.
Surface area of spherical cell = 4λr²
Surface area of spherical cell = 4 x 3.14 x (5)²
Surface area of spherical cell = 314
Volume of spherical cell = 4/3λr³
Volume of spherical cell = 4/3 x 3.14 x (5)³
Volume of spherical cell = 523
Ratio = 314 / 523 = 0.6
Surface area of cuboidal cell = L x B x H
Surface area of cuboidal cell = 7 x 7 x 7
Surface area of cuboidal cell = 343
Volume of cuboidal cell = 2 x l x w + 2 x l x h + 2 x h x w
Volume of cuboidal cell = 2 x 7 x 7 + 2 x 7 x 7 + 2 x 7 x7
Volume of cuboidal cell = 98 + 98 + 98
Volume of cuboidal cell = 249
Ratio = 343 / 249 = 1.16
Thus, the SA:V ratio for a spherical cell with a radius of 5 is 0.6 and the SA:V ratio of a single cuboidal cell with a side *7 is 1.16.
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to be profitable, a firm has to recover its costs. these costs include both its fixed and its variable costs. one way that a firm evaluates at what stage it would recover the invested costs is to calculate how many units or how much in dollar sales is necessary for the firm to earn a profit. blue mouse manufacturers is considering a project that will have fixed costs of $15,000,000. the product will be sold for $37.50 per unit, and will incur a variable cost of $10.75 per unit. given the cost structure of blue mouse, it will have to sell units to break even on this project (qbeqbe).
The cost structure of blue mouse, it will have to sell units to break even on this project is $15,000,000.
Giving the following details as an explanationThe project being considered by Free Spirit Industries Inc. will have fixed expenses of $15,000,000. The item will cost a variable cost of $10.75 per unit and be sold for $37.50 per unit. Only roughly 200,000 units will be available for sale by the company.
Calculation:
We must determine the price using the break-even principle.
Fix expenses minus contribution margin equals the break-even threshold.
200,000= 15,000,000/ (P - 10.75) (P - 10.75)
2,150,000/200,000 P Equals 12,150,000/200,000 P, or $64.25 per unit, when divided by 200,000 P.
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the signal to make new proteins can sometimes be an external signal (as was the example in the video) the order of events are as follows:
Three steps can be distinguished in cell signaling is Reception, transduction and triggering.
Reception: When a signaling molecule enters a cell from the outside, the cell recognizes it. The transduction process involves the alteration of the receptor protein when a signaling molecule attaches to it. Finally, a specific biological reaction was triggered by the signal. The method by which the cell responds to substances outside the cell by using signaling molecules present both inside and on the cell's surface.Typically, the numerous signaling molecules deliver chemical signals to the cells. The signaling molecule binds to the proper receptor on the cell surface, which sets off a series of actions that not only carry the signal to the inside of the cell but also amplify it.To know more about signaling check the below link:
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label the anatomy of the cochlea, specifically the spiral organ (organ of corti) by clicking and dragging the labels to the correct location. (some labels may not be used.)
The interior (as opposed to external) fluid of the inner ear in higher vertebrates In the cochlea of the ear, the Organ of Corti contains hair cells that react to sound anatomy of the cochlea.
Within the cochlea, where is the spiral organ situated?The hearing receptor organ is found in the cochlea and is called the organ of Corti or the spiral organ (housed inside the scala media). The inner ear's sensory receptors are located in a strip of sensory epithelium consisting of hair cells.
What kinds of structures make up the spiral organ?The spiral organ of Corti, which contains hair cells with an underlying basilar membrane and an overlying tectorial membrane, is housed in the cochlear duct.
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During which stage(s) of plant seed germination (1-5) is cellular respiration required to supply all plant cells with the ATP required to fuel growth and development? Select ALL that apply.
Stages 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5
During Stages 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5 of plant seed germination is cellular respiration required to supply all plant cells with the ATP required to fuel growth and development.
Seed germination is the method of growing plants from seeds rather than purchasing pre-grown plants. When compared to germinating seeds directly in the soil, sprouting seeds indoor environment is an efficient way to boost the germination rate. The procedure by which a microbe develops from a seed or spore is known as germination.
Cellular respiration produces ATP molecules, which provide energy for seed germination and fuel the cellular activity that eventually forms the plant.
As cellular respiration occurs in germinating seeds, the carbon dioxide released is proportional to the oxygen taken up by the seed. This CO2 (gas) interacts with Calcium oxide to establish calcium carbonate (solid), reducing the amount of gas and allowing the water to rise.
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use the list of terms provided to label the accompanying illustration of cutaneous receptors. check off each term as you label it.
These consist of Merkel's discs, free nerve endings, pacinian corpuscles, and Ruffini's endings.
In what ways do Pacific corpuscles shield the skin?Pacinian corpuscles are quickly adaptable (phasic) sensors that pick up on skin vibrations and large pressure changes. Action potentials are produced whenever the corpuscle deforms because the axon membrane's pressure-sensitive sodium ion channels open.
Pain is felt by Pacinian corpuscles?These proliferating Pacinian corpuscles, which are not innervated by nociceptive nerve fibers, appear to have a normal structure, yet they are incredibly sensitive to pain. An changed innervation after trauma appears to be the only logical explanation for the discomfort.
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which of the following diseases is now being diagnosed more frequently in children than in the past? A. type 2 diabetes B.type 2 diabetes C.arthritis D.Cardiovascular disease
Nowadays, pediatric cardiovascular disease diagnoses are more common than in the past.
What causes sickness to start?Desai quoted Hippocrates as saying that "all sickness originates in the stomach." "The digestive system acts as a protective barrier against the substances we intake and stops hazardous compounds from entering the circulation. Inflammation may develop in the event that this protective barrier is breached and those dangerous chemicals pass through.
What results in disease?The most frequent culprits are bacteria, fungus, viruses, and parasites. Diseases that are contagious often transmit from person to person, through tainted food or drink, and through insect bites. There are infectious illnesses of varying severity.
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what large molecule is made during during photosynthesis
Answer:
During photosynthesis, plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, which is stored in the bonds of glucose molecules. Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. It is a large molecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. In plants, glucose is produced through a series of chemical reactions that take place in the chloroplasts of plant cells. The glucose molecules are then used as a source of energy for the plant, or they are stored in the form of starch for later use.
Metabolic Steps inside of the Skeletal Muscleste Drag and drop each of the following terms into the muscle tissue, representing the correct utilization of substrates and other intracellular products. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Note: not all labels will be used.
One of the three important muscle tissues in the human body is found in the skeleton. Thousands of muscle fibers are encased in connective tissue sheaths to form each skeletal muscle. Fasciculi are the individual bundles of muscle fibers found within skeletal muscles
Which metabolic activities take place in skeletal muscle?These pathways include the breakdown of muscle glycogen and phosphocreatine, which allows for substrate-level phosphorylation (also known as "anaerobic") and oxidative phosphorylation using reducing equivalents from the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats (also known as "aerobic").
ATP must be replenished at a rate that is compatible with ATP demand in order to maintain muscle contraction. To refuel ATP in muscle, three energy systems work: phosphoglycation, glycolysis, and mitochondrial respiration.
Note that an overview was given as your information is incomplete.
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which of the following is not a safety mechanism in place to help maintain cell order and decrease the chance of cancer developing in the body?
Initiating event is not a safety mechanism in place to help maintain cell order and decrease the chance of cancer developing in the body.
If cancer runs in the family, how can you prevent it?You might need to begin screening tests earlier, undergo tests more frequently, or undergo tests that are different from what other people receive. surgery or medication that may reduce your risk of developing cancer. making healthy decisions, including giving up smoking, abstaining from alcohol, exercising frequently, and maintaining a healthy weight.
Genes, the fundamental building blocks of inheritance, undergo specific changes that lead to cancer. Long, densely packed DNA strands called chromosomes contain the arrangement of genes. Cancer is a genetic disease, meaning that genetic changes that affect how our cells function—particularly how they grow and divide—cause the disease
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The major regulatory center of the autonomic system is, according to many scientists, the ______________ since this brain region has functions, such as control of body temperature, that require appropriate activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
hypothalamus
The major regulatory center of the autonomic system is, according to many scientists, the hypothalamus since this brain region has functions, such as control of body temperature, that require appropriate activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
The brain region of the hypothalamus, which performs a variety of functions, contains a large number of tiny nuclei. Constructing a link between the neurological and endocrine systems is one of the pituitary gland's most significant roles. A component of the limbic system is the hypothalamus, which is situated below the thalamus. It is referred to as the diencephalon's ventral portion in terms of neuroanatomy. The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that is present in all animals. Its dimensions are comparable to those of an almond. The hypothalamus regulates the operations of the autonomic nerve system as well as a number of metabolic processes.
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I need help with my Populations from biology class
The term "population" refers to all citizens who are either permanently residing in a country or who are just passing through.
What is Population?This indicator reveals how many people typically reside in a certain area. Growth rates are the population changes that occur each year as a result of births, deaths, and net migration.
The total population also includes national military forces deployed overseas, merchant mariners at sea, diplomatic staff based abroad, civilian foreign nationals residing in the nation, and internally displaced people residing in the nation.
Demographic tools like population predictions are frequently used. They serve as the foundation for additional statistical projections.
Therefore, The term "population" refers to all citizens who are either permanently residing in a country or who are just passing through.
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29. In a genetic engineering experiment a piece of double-stranded DNA containing 18000
nucleotides coding for a specific polypeptide is transcribed and translated.
What is the total number of amino acids in this polypeptide?
0/1.5 POINTS
A1000
B 3000
C 6000
D 9000
E 18000
The total number of amino acids in the polypeptide containing 18000 nucleotides coding are 6000. Hence option B is correct.
What are nucleotides?Nucleotides are defined as an organic molecule with the building blocks of phosphate, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base. They have genetic material in them. As coenzymes, nucleotides are necessary for enzymes to catalyze various biological processes.
One amino acid can only be created by the combination of three nucleotides. Therefore, 500 amino acids will be created from 1500 nucleotides. To encode 20 amino acids, a codon must include at least three nucleotides.
Thus, the total number of amino acids in the polypeptide containing 18000 nucleotides coding are 6000. Hence option B is correct.
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. both attenuation of the trp operon in e. coli and riboswitches in b. subtilis rely on changes in the secondary structure of the leader regions of mrna to regulate gene expression. compare and contrast the specific mechanisms in these two types of regulation with that involving short noncoding rnas (srnas).
The difference between mechanism in these two type of regulation with that involving short noncoding RNAs are:
Different systems that can either stop or start transcription are referred to as riboswitches. In both instances, intramolecular double-stranded RNA forms, causing conformational alterations. To cause the conformational shift, sRNA molecules will bind to the short ribonucleotide sequence (attenuator).
Separate transcripts known as sRNAs are complementary to mRNA and work by joining together to generate intermolecular double stranded RNA. SRNA binding either inhibits or promotes translation.
A functioning RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein is known as a non-coding RNA. An RNA gene is frequently used to refer to the DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is produced.
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