Answer:
You hear meteorologists all the time talking about low and high pressure because it is extremely impactful on the weather. Atmospheric pressure refers to the weight of the air. High pressure means the air is heavy, and it sinks. Sinking air makes the environment very stable.
sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disorder that occurs when an individual has two recessive alleles. scientists have discovered that some people who are carriers of one allele for sickle-cell anemia are protected against malaria. deduce which genotype would be the most advantageous to protect people against malaria without causing sickle-cell anemia.
Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disorder that occurs when an individual has two recessive alleles.
Scientists have discovered that some people who are carriers of one allele for sickle-cell anemia are protected against malaria. Aa Heterozygous genotype would be the most advantageous to protect people against malaria without causing sickle-cell anemia.
A genetic disorder called sickle cell anemia manifests from birth. The changed or mutated genes from your mother, father, or both parents are the root cause of many genetic disorders.
Red blood cells in sickle cell anemia sufferers have a crescent or sickle shape. A hemoglobin gene mutation is the cause of this odd form. Red blood cells' haemoglobin component enables them to carry oxygen to tissues all over your body.
Red blood cells' sickle shape can cause a number of difficulties. They can get caught inside blood arteries because of their atypical structure, resulting in uncomfortable symptoms. Furthermore, sickle cells age more rapidly than regular red blood cells, which can cause anemia. Some genetic disorders, but not all of them, can be passed down from one or both parents. One such disorder is sickle cell anemia. It has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.
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hich of the following are not the result of changes in the skull structure? reduction of the septomaxilla expansion of the septomaxilla expansion of the sagittal crest and zygomatic arches reduction or loss of the temporal shield teeth are lost on the pterygoid bone
Changes in the structure of the skull do not cause a reduction in the septomaxilla or an extension of the septomaxilla.
How does a person's skull alter as they age?However, the researchers found that the bones in the human skull continue to expand as people age by using CT scans of 100 men and women. The face bones migrate backward while the forehead advances. The surrounding muscle and skin move in tandem with the bones.
What factors have altered the form of our skulls?And according to a 2017 research by anthropologists at the University of California Davis, when farming got serious, our heads altered form. This is due to the farmers' softer diet, especially dairy products, requiring less chewing effort.
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the atp synthase from bovine heart mitochondria has 8 c subunits. what is the p:o ratio for nadh? use 2 significant figures
The ATP synthase from bovine heart mitochondria has 8 c subunits, and the p:o ratio for NADH will be 2.7.
Adenosine triphosphate, an energy storage molecule, is made from ADP and inorganic phosphate by the enzyme ATP synthase. Because it modifies ADP by producing a P-O link, ligases are the category that best describes this enzyme. A molecular machine that produces ATP is called ATP synthase.
The enzyme that was extracted from the mitochondria of bovine hearts had a c8 ring. which will result in an expected P/O of 10/(2.67 + 1) = 2.7. As a result, the ratio of H+ to ATP will be 2.67.
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which of these occur once an infected cell is identified by cytotoxic t-cells? the cell releases helper t-cells. the cell undergoes apoptosis. the cell starts to replicate. the cell digests the pathogen.
The cell releases helper t-cells: occur once an infected cell is identified by cytotoxic t-cells
What is Cytotoxic T-cells?Cytotoxic T-cells are also known as 'killer T cells' and are among the main components of our adaptive immunity. These cells, along with helper T cells are the two main T lymphocyte types in the immune system of our body. They are activated in similar ways as helper T cells, through antigen-presenting cells in the lymph nodes.
However, one difference is there, that infected host cells are directly attacked and destroyed by cytotoxic T-cells. In the absence of any antigen, cytotoxic T-cells remains in an inactive form. Cytotoxic T-cells can bind only to one particular type of antigen.
However, binding of cytotoxic T-cells to the antigens do not happens directly. Instead, antigen-presenting cells (APC) help in cytotoxic T-cells to bind with the antigens. Once an infected cell is identified by cytotoxic T-cells, the cell undergoes apoptosis. This cell apoptosis destroys the infected cells and any pathogen present with the cells.
Thus, the cell releases helper t-cells: occur once an infected cell is identified by cytotoxic t-cells.
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The five phases of a hazardous material's life does not include production, transportation, storage, elimination, and disposal. True or False.
It is false that the five phases of a hazardous material's life does not include production, transportation, storage, elimination, and disposal.
What are hazardous material?Hazardous materials are substances or chemicals that are harmful to the environment or pose a health risk.
Toxic materials, are compounds that when able to transport are a risk to health, protection, property and the environment. Hazardous materials are dangerous goods that pose risks even when not being transported.
Consider the five phases of a hazardous material's "life" when determining where they are found in your community: production, transportation, storage, use, and disposal.
Thus, the given statement is false.
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Which of the following types of mutations would be most likely to contribute to uncontrolled proliferation of cells? a. One that increases the affinity of p21 for Cdks b. One that decreases the affinity of Rb for E7 from human papillomavirus c. One that decreases the affinity of Rb for the transcription factor E2F d. One that causes p53 to be constitutively phosphorylated
The mutation which is most likely to contribute to uncontrolled proliferation of cells is the One that decreases the affinity of Rb for the transcription factor E2F.
Acquired Mutation
These are the most typical cancer-causing factors. They develop as a result of a person's lifetime harm to the genes in a certain cell. For instance, this might be a breast or colon cell that later divides numerous times to create a tumor.
Rapid, uncontrolled cell division can be caused by the overexpression of growth hormones or by a deficiency in suppressor proteins. Tumors develop as a result of unchecked cell proliferation; they can be fatal if untreated.
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Independent assortment of alleles of different genes can be explained by the random alignment of homologous pairs of during meiosis I. When two genes are located close to one another on a chromosome, they tend to be transmitted together.
The haphazard alignment of homologous pairs of chromosomes during meiosis I can be used to explain the independent distribution of alleles of various genes.
What does the independent assortment law entail?Various genes and their alleles are inherited independently in sexually reproducing organisms, according to the Law of Independent Assortment. . Through the process of crossing-over, genes connected to a chromosome can reorganise themselves.
Homologous chromosomes: what are they?Within a diploid organism, homologous chromosomes are two bits of DNA that share the same genes, one from each parent. In plainer terms, both of your parents give you a full genome. The 23 chromosomes that are provided by each parent contain the same genes, making them identical.
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during chemiosmosis why do a tv production link to the proton gradient make the electron transport chain
During the electron transport chain, ATP is made using the proton gradient that is created by proton pumping.
As protons move down their concentration gradient through it and into the matrix, facilitating the conversion of ADP to ATP, the membrane protein ATP synthase spins (like a water wheel). According to the chemiosmotic theory, energy is released during the transportation of electrons through an electron transport system via a sequence of oxidation-reduction reactions.
According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis, energy is released during the transportation of electrons through a sequence of oxidation-reduction processes in an electron transport system. A membrane can be crossed by hydrogen ions (H+ or protons) thanks to some of the chain's carriers thanks to this energy.
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ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone) is important in maintaining homeostasis in mammals. ADH is released from hypothalamus in response to high tissue osmolarity (=less water in blood). In response to ADH, the collecting duct and distal tubule In the kidney become more permeable to water; which Increases water reabsorption Into caplllaries: The amount of hormone released is controlled by a negative feedback loop. Based on the model presented, what is the relationship between ADH release, osmolarity and production of urine? poni As tissue osmolarity rises, more ADH is released, causing less water to be excreted 05 urine As tissue osmolarity rises, less ADH is released, causing less water to be excreted as unne As tissue osmolarity rises more ADH is released, causing more water t0 be excreted as urine As tissue osmolarity rises, less ADH is released, causing more water to be excreted 0: unne Tivo of the above
Option a. As tissue osmolarity RISES, MORE ADH is released, causing LESS water to be excreted as urine. The relationship between ADH release, osmolarity and production of urine.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a chemical produced within the brain that causes the kidneys to release less water, reducing the quantity of urine produced. A high ADH stage reasons the frame to provide less urine. A low degree results in greater urine production.
ADH is a substance produced naturally in a place of the brain known as the hypothalamus. it is then launched by using the pituitary gland at the bottom of the mind.
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Cut neurons in the PNS possess limited capabilities for regeneration. The type of neuroglial cell that aids regeneration by forming a regeneration tube to help reestablish the former connection is the _______________.
Schwann cells
Cut neurons in the PNS possess limited capabilities for regeneration. The type of neuroglial cell that aids regeneration by forming a regeneration tube to help reestablish the former connection is the Schwann cells.
What are Nerve Cells?
Nervous networks are spread throughout the body as an integrated communication network. Anatomically, the nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS), which consists of the brain and spinal cord; and the peripheral nervous system, which is made up of nerve fibers and small groups of nerve cells called nerve ganglia.
Neuron cells consist of several parts, namely:
Dendrites, which are extensions to the outside of the cell body that act as signal/impulse receptors.The cell body, which is the main part of the neuron that has a cell nucleus.Axon (neurite), which is a protrusion of the cell body that functions to send signals/impulses.The axon contains:
Myelin sheath, which is the part of the cell that wraps around the axon.Myelin sheath consists of Schwan cellsThe axon terminal is where the nerve cell meets other nerve cells.At this axon terminal there is a synapse, which is the junction between the two axon terminals.At the synapse there is a fluid called a neurotransmitter.Neurotransmitters function to transmit signals from one axon terminal to another axon terminal.Learn more about Nerve Cells at: https://brainly.com/question/13061744
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on a concurrent chains schedule, reinforcement for pecking in the choice phase is the onset of stimuli associated with the
In a concurrent chains schedule, the introduction of stimuli related to the terminal links serves as reinforcement for pecking during the decision phase.
What factors explain?Stimuli are changes that can be seen in either the internal or external environment. anything that affects or triggers a momentary rise in physiological activity or reaction in the entire body or in any one of its sections.
What are scientific stimuli?A stimulus is an occasion or any alteration to the environment that causes a certain functional response in an organ or tissue. A stimulus may come from within or without. Sensory receptors like those in the skin and sense organs like the ear are sensitive to outside stimuli like sound and touch.
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traits like red-green colorblindness, hemophilia, and duchenne muscular distrophy are recessive alleles. however, in the human population, men show a higher frequency of these disorders than women. also, sons never inherit the disorder from their fathers. this is because these genes are
Our biological parents leave us with particular gene inheritance patterns. The term "X-linked recessive inheritance" refers to one of the fundamental genetic inheritance patterns.
What does the term X-linked recessive mean?Genetic problems connected to mutations in X chromosome genes are referred to as X-linked recessive inheritance. Due to the fact that he possesses just one X chromosome, a male with this mutation will be impacted. The majority of the time, a female with a gene mutation on one X chromosome and a gene from one parent on the opposite X - linked is unaffected.
What does dominant vs. recessive X-linked mean?In each generation, males are typically affected in households with an X-linked genetic disease, but seldom are females. However, in X-linked dominant disorders, a mutation in one allele of an X-linked gene causes disease in both sexes.
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Which of the following lipid molecules possess a different fundamental structural make-up from the others? A. Fatty acids B. Cholesterol C. Triglycerides D. Sphingolipids
E. Glycolipids
Cholesterol type of lipid has different fundamental structural make-up from others. The correct option to this question is B.
Any of the lipids, a group of specific chemical compounds, include cholesterol. It is a lipid called a sterol. All animal cells produce cholesterol, which is a crucial structural element of animal cell membranes. It is a crystalline solid that is yellow when isolated chemically.
The primary distinction between lipids and cholesterol is that the former is a waxy substance that is a crucial part of the cell membrane, whilst the latter is one of the three fundamental components of living cells along with carbohydrates and proteins.
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which of the following require physical contact between two bacterial cells for dna transfer?
Transformation and conjugation both require physical contact between the two bacterial cells in order for the transfer of DNA to take place. Option c and d are correct.
In transformation, genetic material is taken up by a bacterial cell from the environment, while in conjugation, genetic material is transferred directly from one bacterial cell to another through a bridge-like structure called a pilus. In both cases, physical contact between the two bacterial cells is necessary for the transfer of genetic material to take place.
The process of transferring genetic material between two bacterial cells requires physical contact between the two cells in some cases, while in others it can occur without direct contact. Binary fission, the process through which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells, does not require physical contact between the two cells for DNA transfer. This is because the two daughter cells created during the process are exact replicas of the parent cell, and therefore contain the same DNA.
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a) Binary fission
b) Transduction
c) Transformation
d) Conjugation
competition occurs: select all that apply. among members of the same species. only between individuals who share the same realized niche. none of the other answer options is correct. between members of different species. only between individuals in populations that are close to their carr
Competition occurs among members of the same species and between members of different species.
More broadly, competition can be described as the direct or indirect contact of organisms that results in a change in fitness when the organisms share a resource. Competition is most commonly thought of as the interaction of individuals that compete for a common resource that is in limited supply. The weaker competitors frequently suffer as a result of the outcome. The three main types of competition are as follows. Real competition is defined as two of them: interference competition and exploitation competition. Evident competition, a third form, is not. While exploitation competition and seeming competition take place between people in an indirect manner, interference competition happens between people directly.
Interactions are seen as interference competition when one person directly changes another person's resource-attaining behavior. For instance, a dominant male directly affects the mating behavior of other males when he prevents other males from approaching a partner by physical aggressiveness or aggressive displays.
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shifting cultivation causes environmental damage primarily when exceeds environment.
Shifting cultivation causes environmental damage primarily when exceeds environment Increased population results in more land being removed.
The environment has been impacted by changes in agriculture in both beneficial and harmful ways. Positively, it reduces the intensity of land usage and delays the degradation of the environment. Reduced soil fertility, quicker deforestation, and out-of-control forest fires are some of its detrimental repercussions.
Deforestation and the deterioration of woods and land are the two main effects of real shifting farming.
Due to the large population, there is less area accessible for shifting agriculture. The soil loses more nutrients without being restored as a result of the pressure that this type of agriculture puts on the available space. Large-scale deforestation also contributes to global warming.
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a compound that preents teh seperation of the homogous chromsoems in anaphase 1 is being studid. which fo the followign questions can be best answered during this study
The question which can be best answered during this study is- D. Is there a pattern to the movement of homologous chromosomes in the presence of this compound?
A compound that prevents the division of the homologous chromosomes in anaphase I is of great interest since it will cause cell cycle capture, an impact that is thoroughly searched in enemy of disease drugs. However, before the compound can be used in clinical trials, it needs to be thoroughly studied. This study could provide answers to the following questions: " In the presence of this compound, does the movement of homologous chromosomes follows a pattern?" The response to this question will inform us as to whether the cells will go to apoptosis, which is what we search for in an enemy of malignant growth drugs.
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(complete question)
A compound that prevents the separation of the homologous chromosomes in anaphase I is being studied. Which of the following questions can be best answered during this study
A) Will the cells produced at the end of meiosis still be genetically identical to each other in the presence of this compound?
B) Will the long-term development of the individual be affected by this meiotic error?
C) When do the centrosomes start to move apart during meiosis I as compared to meiosis II?
D) Is there a pattern to the movement of homologous chromosomes in the presence of this compound?
The core question in public disputes about embryonic stem cells is whether it is morally permissible to destroy human embryos in a search for cures.
a. True
b. False
The statement ‘The core question in public disputes about embryonic stem cells is whether it is morally permissible to destroy human embryos in a search for cures’ is true.
What are embryonic stem cells?
Stem cells are considered the body's raw materials — those cells from which every other cell with specialized functions is generated.
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells that get derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst. Blastocysts are early-stage pre-implantation embryos.
Embryonic stem cells come from embryos that are about 3 to 5 days old. This embryo is called as a blastocyst and has around 150 cells.
So, therefore, the statement ‘The core question in public disputes about embryonic stem cells is whether it is morally permissible to destroy human embryos in a search for cures’ is true.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. the puts a single person, who has the responsibility for managing and coordinating the response, in charge at the scene.
The puts a single person, who has the responsibility for managing and coordinating the response, in charge at the scene. The solution is an incident command system (ICS).
The Event Command System, also known as ICS, is a standardized, all-risk incident management approach that is used on-scene. Without being restricted by jurisdictional restrictions, ICS enables its users to establish an integrated organizational structure to meet the complexity and requirements of a single or series of occurrences.
The ICS is the gold standard for command, control, and coordination of an emergency response and offers a way to coordinate the operations of various agencies as they work toward the shared objective of stabilizing the incident and defending life, property, and the environment.
Functional Architecture
1. Command—provide management and control power on the scene.
Tactical direct incident operations are used in operations 2.
3. Planning: Create an incident action plan and keep track of the situation and available resources.
4. Logistics: Offer assistance and services to the incident.
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Is an active relationship maintenance process that emphasizes the commitment one has to the partner. ...
Assurance is an active relationship maintenance process that emphasizes the commitment one has to the partner.
What role does relationship maintenance serve?To keep a relationship going, according to four different definitions from academics. to maintain a relationship in a particular state or circumstance. to maintain a relationship in good standing and to keep a relationship in good repair.
The three C's of commitment, compromise, and communication are the cornerstones of a solid and healthy relationship. Consider the best communication strategies to make your partner feel needed, wanted, and appreciated.
Any relationship benefits greatly from effective communication. The trust between you can grow and your relationship can be strengthened when both of you are clear about what you want from the relationship and are at ease expressing your needs, fears, and desires.
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1. to calculate the frequency of the brown allele, count the number of blank and divide by the total number of alleles in this population.target 1 of 5 2. in this beetle population, the number of brown alleles is blank.target 2 of 5 3. in this beetle population, the total number of alleles for color is blank.target 3 of 5 4. the frequency of the brown allele in this beetle population is blank.target 4 of 5 5. the frequency of the green allele in this beetle population is blank.target 5 of 5
To calculate the frequency of the brown allele, count the number of brown alleles and divide by the total number of alleles in this population.
To calculate the allele frequency, divide the number of times the allele of interest is observed in a population by the total number of copies of all the alleles at that particular genetic locus in the population. Allele frequency can be expressed as a decimal, percentage, or fraction.
The distribution of genetic variation in a population is depicted by the relative genotype frequencies. Relative allele frequency is the percentage of all copies of a specific gene in a population that carry a specific allele. This is an accurate measure of genetic variation in a population. The fraction or percentage of a population that carries an allele at a specific locus is referred to as gene frequency.
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Help me with this questions
Answer:
(1) In this experiment, the variable that should be changed is the temperature at which the seeds are germinated.
(2) The variable that should be measured is the rate of germination, or the percentage of seeds that germinate within a certain time period.
(3) Some important variables that should be kept constant in this experiment include the type of seeds used, the amount of moisture the seeds are exposed to, and the amount of light the seeds receive. These variables can all affect the rate of germination, so it is important to keep them constant in order to accurately measure the effect of temperature on germination.
explain the following terms: dna,chromosomes,sister chromosomes homologous chromosomes and replication chromosomes
DNA stores the genetic code, chromosomes are thread-like structures, and sister chromatids are two halves of chromosomes.
Your genetic code is stored in every cell of your body in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). It makes your body's instruction manual. The DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes in each cell's nucleus. The term "homologous chromosome" refers to chromosomes that share the same genetic foundation but may also have variants caused by replication. The two halves of a given chromosome that are held together at the centromere are called sister chromatids. After the cell has gone through the process of DNA replication in order to get ready for cell division, chromosomes are known as "replication chromosomes" emerge.
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fill in the missing terms in the following illustration. the correct answers are provided at the back of the book
The correct response for question 10 is - Microtubule. The protein alpha and beta glucan are used to create the small hollow tubes known as microtubules.
What purpose does the microtubule serve?A cell's form is determined by the components of its skeleton known as microtubules, together with elastic fibers and microfilaments. Microtubules play a variety of roles in dividing cells, including the construction of the mitotic spindle and axon extension in neurons.
What does a cell's microtubule do?The third main component of the microtubule, microtubules, are hard, hollow rods with a diameter of around 25 nm. Like thin filaments, micelles are proposes that undergo ongoing construction and disintegration within the cell.
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In which mitotic phase does the process of cytokinesis conclude? (1 point)
O interphase.
O telophase
O prophase.
O metaphase.
When cytokinesis reaches telophase, it has completed the mitotic phase.
Explain about the telophase?Each set of chromosomes produces a nuclear membrane that separates the nuclear DNA from the cytoplasm during telophase. The chromosomes become less tightly wound and more dispersed as a result of uncoiling.
After telophase, there is a process known as cytokinesis in which the cytoplasm is divided into two daughter cells. The outcome of this technique is the generation of genetically identical daughter cells. In mitosis, an even division of each duplicate chromosome occurs. Two identical nuclei are consequently formed during telophase. Because they will behave in the same way, these cells can be used to regenerate damaged cells or to produce complete beings from a single zygote.
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In humans, attached ear lobes are caused by the inheritance of two recessive alleles. Free ear lobes are the result of inheriting at least one dominant allele for free ear lobes. The frequency of the recessive allele is 70% (0.7). What would the frequencies of the following be, assuming H-W equilibrium? Alleles: R Genotypes: RR Rr rr
assuming H-W equilibrium, Genotypic frequency of RR is 0.09. r = 0.7,R = 1 - r = 0.3 . Genotypic frequency of RR = 0.3^2 = 0.09, individuals who have free ear lobes is 3570.
Rr = 2 × 0.3 × 0.7 = 0.42,rr = 0.7^2 = 0.49. 2.# of individuals who have free ear lobes = RR + Rr (7000 × 0.09) + (7000 × 0.42) = 3570 In the utter lack of troubling factors, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium asserts that genetic differences in a community will continue to stay unchanged from generation to generation. Scientists must perceive at least 2 generation after generation to ascertain if a birthrate is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. If the allele frequencies are identical in both generation to generation, the citizenry is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The term "genotype," such as the term "genome," makes reference to an organism's a whole set of genes. In a limited sense, it can correspond to various alleles, or variant forms of a genotype, for specific traits or characteristics.
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alex listed the typical steps of fossil formation.1) an organism dies.2) the remains fall to the bottom of the ocean.3) the soft portions decay, and the hard portions remain.4) the sediment becomes rock.which statement describes the missing step?after step 3, layers of sediment cover the dead organism. after step 1, minerals dissolve the dead organism. after step 4, layers of sediment cover the dead organism. after step 2, minerals dissolve the dead organism.
The statement that describes the missing step is the sediment becomes rock. The correct option is 4.
A fossil is the remains of any animal or plant that got preserved on the earth for a long time period. Fossils are often found in the middle or upper layers of the earth. They are preserved in fossil museums or parks.
Fossils occur in a variety of ways, but the majority form when a live thing (such as a plant or animal) dies and is immediately buried by silt (such as mud, sand or volcanic ash).
Before the fourth step, it has to be told what is soft, and the hard part is called, so the 4. Point is the missing step.
Thus, option 4. The sediment becomes rock is correct.
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Answer:
A. After step 3, layers of sediment cover the dead organism.
Explanation:
when gregor mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, all the offspring were tall because
When Gregor Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, all the offspring were tall because the allele for tall plants is dominant.
Gregor Mendel gave three laws of heredity of characters through the use of pea plant. When he crossed true breeding tall plants, it means that the pair of genes are homozygous and they can be represented as TT, because tall 'T' is the dominant trait. When he considered true breeding short plants, it means that the pairs of genes are again homozygous and can be represented as tt as small 't' is a recessive trait. Thus when segregation of pair of genes takes place and the traits transferred to off-springs are determined, the presence of dominant character in all four possibilities causes all the off-springs to be dominantly tall.
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after the 1933 hurricane carved out a tidal channel through the barrier island just south of ocean city, the army corps of engineers constructed a pair of jetties on each side of the inlet to keep it open. these are labeled post-1933 jetty on fig. 15.7. sand filled in behind the northern jetty, so it is now a seawall forming the straight southern edge of ocean city on fenwick island. based on this information, would you say that the longshore current along this coastline is traveling north to south or south to north? explain your reasoning.
After the 1933 hurricane etched out Ocean City Inlet,, the military Corps of Engineers made a combine of jetties on either side of Ocean City Inlet, to stay it open. The southern mole is labelled "seawall" on the map.
Hurricane is an extremely massive, powerful, and harmful storm with terribly sturdy winds that happens particularly within the western a part of the Atlantic.
A tidal creek or tidal channel is a slim water or water that's stricken by the ebb and flow of ocean tides. These channels are anticipated to make by deposition between flow pathways, instead of erosion, and periodic event channels could also be relic distributaries.
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The primary function of the humoral, or antibody-mediated, immune response is to control freely circulating pathogens.
Drag the images into the corresponding boxes to indicate the correct order of events illustrating the mechanism of antibody-mediated immunity.
Humoral
1- A B cell binds to the antigen for which it is specific. A T-dependent B cell requires cooperation with a T helper cell.
2- the B cell, oftern with stimulation by cytokines from a T helper cell, differentiates into a plasma cell. Some B cells become memory cells.
3- Plasma cells proliferate and prodcue antibodies against the antigen.
The pathogen is first engulfed by a macrophage. The macrophage then breaks down the bacterium and displays the pathogen's antigens in step two. The third step involves a T helper cell attaching to a macrophage and becoming an activated T helper cell. Step 4: A B cell is triggered by a T helper cell that has bound to another B cell.
How does antibody-mediated immunity work?The antibody-mediated immune response's effector response is completed in three steps: B-cell growth and activation to create antibodies. A change in antibody class. Antigen elimination is mediated by antibodies.
What is the proper flow of dialogue in a humorous response?The following is a timeline of what happens in the comedy reaction. 1) Pathogen-eating macrophages display antigen on TH cell-specific MHC II markers. 2) Particular TH cells attach to the MHC II complex through particular cell receptors. 4) A TH cell that has been activated multiplies and produces interleukin II.
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