interference occurs with not only light waves but also all frequencies of electromagnetic waves and all other types of waves, such as sound and water waves. suppose that your physics professor sets up two sound speakers in the front of your classroom and uses an electronic oscillator to produce sound waves of a single frequency. when she turns the oscillator on (take this to be its original setting), you and many students hear a loud tone while other students hear nothing. (the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s.)

Variation of the relative intensity [tex]I(\lambda)[/tex] with the wavelength [tex]\lambda[/tex] in a line is given by [tex]$$I(\lambda) \propto e^{-\left(\frac{m c^2\left(\lambda-\lambda_0\right)^2}{2 k T \lambda_0^2}\right)}=\exp \left(-\left(\frac{m c^2\left(\lambda-\lambda_0\right)^2}{2 k T \lambda_0^2}\right)\right)$$[/tex]

As, for non-relativistic thermal velocities, the Doppler shift in frequency will be: [tex]$$f=f_0\left(1+\frac{v}{c}\right)$$[/tex]

where f is the observed frequency,

f_0 is the rest frequency,

v is the velocity of the emitter towards the observer

c is the speed of light.

As any volume part of the radiating body will have a distribution of speeds both toward and away from the observer, which will have the overall effect of widening the seen line.

If [tex]I(v)dv=P_v(v)dv[/tex] is the fraction of particles with velocity component v to (v+dv) along a line of sight

Then the value of the distribution of frequencies will be

[tex]$$I(f) \mathrm{d} f=P_f(f) \mathrm{d} f=P_v\left(v_f\right) \frac{\mathrm{d} v}{\mathrm{~d} f} \mathrm{~d} f$$[/tex]

where [tex]$v_f=c\left(\frac{f}{f_0}-1\right)$[/tex] is the velocity towards the observer corresponding to the shift of the rest frequency f0 to f.

So, we can write it as:

[tex]$$P_f(f) \mathrm{d} f=\frac{c}{f_0} P_v\left(c\left(\frac{f}{f_0}-1\right)\right) \mathrm{d} f$$[/tex]

As in the case of the thermal Doppler broadening, the velocity distribution is given by the Maxwell distribution:

[tex]$$P_v(v)=\sqrt{\frac{m}{2 \pi k T}} e^{-\frac{m v^2}{2 k T}} \mathrm{~d} v$$[/tex]

So,

[tex]$$P_f(f) \mathrm{d} f=\frac{c}{f_0} \sqrt{\frac{m}{2 \pi k T}} e^{-\left(\frac{m\left[c\left(\frac{f}{f_0}-1\right)\right]^2}{2 k T}\right)} \mathrm{d} f$$[/tex]

This can be simplified as

[tex]$$P_f(f) \mathrm{d} f=\sqrt{\frac{m c^2}{2 \pi k T f_0^2}} e^{-\left(\frac{m c^2\left(f-f_0\right)^2}{2 k T f_0^2}\right)} \mathrm{d} f$$[/tex]

While in the non-relativistic limit,

[tex]-\frac{f-f_0}{f_0} \approx \frac{\lambda-\lambda_0}{\lambda_0^2}.[/tex]

So, from above,

we will get:

[tex]$$I(\lambda) \propto e^{-\left(\frac{m c^2\left(\lambda-\lambda_0\right)^2}{2 k T \lambda_0^2}\right)}=\exp \left(-\left(\frac{m c^2\left(\lambda-\lambda_0\right)^2}{2 k T \lambda_0^2}\right)\right)$$[/tex]

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The correct questions may be like

Through a small window in a furnace, which contains a gas at a high temperature T, the spectral lines emitted by the gas molecules are observed. Because of molecular motions, each spectral line exhibits Doppler broadening. Show that the variation of the relative intensity  [tex]I(\lambda)[/tex] with wavelength [tex]\lambda[/tex] in a line is given by [tex]$$I(\lambda) \propto \exp \left\{-\frac{m c^2\left(\lambda-\lambda_0\right)^2}{2 \lambda_0^2 k T}\right\}$$[/tex]

The principal quantum numbers for the ground state are n(x) = n(y) = n(z) =1. The second level will be 3 fold degenerate and any of the last 3 options can be correct.

Four quantum numbers are present in atoms: the main quantum number (n), the orbital angular momentum quantum number (l), the magnetic quantum number (ml), and the electron spin quantum number (ms). In terms of an electron's energy and most likely separation from the nucleus, the primary quantum number, n, is used. It refers, in other words, to the size of the orbital and the energy level at which an electron is positioned. The orbital's shape can be expressed by the l subshells, or number of subshells. Counting the number of angle nodes is another usage for it. The energy levels in a subshell are described by the magnetic quantum number, ml, and the electron's spin, denoted

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A. μ0/2π. Il㏒e. a+I/a. the average power dissipated in the loop is when the current in the wire is I = I0sin(ωt).

As the field of current wire passing the loop is same in direction but not uniform in magnitude.

we use integration method for finding the flux.

The same flux ,a thin rectangular strip of length l and with dx, is given by

dϕB=Bx.dS=B(x)dScos180∘.

Magnetic field due to a long straight wire carrying current I is given by B=μ0I/2πx, and area, dS=l×dx.

∴ ϕB=∫dϕB=−∫μ0/2πIlx.dx=−μ0/2πIl[logex]x=a+l/x=a

=−μ0/2π.Illoge.a+I/a

Any equation linking power to current, voltage, and resistance may be used to calculate the power wasted by each resistor because all three variables are known. Since each resistor receives its full voltage, let's use P=V2R P = V 2 R.

Power consumption refers to the device's overall power usage. The portion of power used by objects unrelated to the targeted tasks is known as power dissipation.

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The expansion of different metals is not uniform. Different metals have different coefficients of thermal expansion, which is a measure of how much a material expands when it is heated. This means that when two different metals are heated by the same amount, they will expand by different amounts.

For example, if a metal with a high coefficient of thermal expansion is heated by 10 degrees Celsius, it will expand by a larger amount than a metal with a low coefficient of thermal expansion that is heated by the same amount. This means that the expansion of different metals is not uniform, and will depend on the specific properties of each metal.

Additionally, the expansion of metals can also be affected by factors such as the initial temperature of the metal and the rate at which it is heated. This means that the expansion of a given metal can also vary depending on the specific conditions under which it is heated. Overall, the expansion of different metals is not uniform, and will depend on the specific properties and conditions of each metal.

Answer:

Force, Time, Acceleration

Explanation:

Displacement, velocity, and force do not necessarily require direction, but acceleration, which is the rate of change of velocity, does require direction. Speed, velocity, and distance do not require direction. Mass is a scalar quantity and does not have a direction. Time is also a scalar quantity and does not have a direction.

The speed of the air flowing into the room (in ft/s) is equal to 0.944 when air flows through a heating duct with a square cross-section with 6-inch sides at a speed of 5.9 ft/s.

By the equation of continuity

(Rate of volumetric flow rate is constant)

A1v1 = A2v2

(6×6)×5.9(inch2ft/sec) = (15×15)×v2

V2 = 4.5(81/169) ft/sec

V2 = 0.944 ft/sec

In contrast to velocity, which describes the speed and direction of an object's movement, speed is the rate of movement along a path. Alternatively, velocity is a vector while speed is a scalar quantity. For instance, the speed of a car on a road is shown by 50 km/h (31 mph), but the velocity is indicated by 50 km/h west.

Physicists employ the fundamental units of speed and velocity to express how things move through space, time, and in a particular direction.

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(a)  [tex]F = qv*B[/tex]

         [tex]= 1.602*10^{-19} *9*10^{6} *10^{-2}[/tex]

         [tex]= 1.4410*10^{-14}[/tex]

         [tex]= 14.41 femtonewton[/tex]

Hence, the strength of the magnetic force is 14.41 femtonewtons

(b)  [tex]a = \frac{F}{m}[/tex]

        [tex]= \frac{1.4418*10^{-14} }{9.10*10^{-31} }[/tex]

        [tex]= 1.584*10^{16} m/s[/tex]

The amount of resulting acceleration of the electron is  [tex]1.584*10^{16} m/s[/tex]

(c)  Since direction of acceleration is perpendicular to the direction of velocity. Both speed and direction will change.

A magnetic field is a vector field that represents the effect of magnetism on moving charges, currents, and magnetic bodies. A charge moving in a magnetic field experiences a force perpendicular to its velocity and magnetic field.

The magnetic field is generated by the movement of the intrinsic magnetic moment and charge of elementary particles associated with their fundamental quantum property of spin.

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The gravitational torque of the rod is 8.33N.m

According to the question,  

the mass of the rod (m) is 3.4kg.

Force times distance equals torque.

Since the bar is uniform, you can imagine that the mass is evenly distributed 50 cm from either end at the centre.

Therefore, the torque at the 25-cm-diameter point would be defined as follows:

Where m is the object's mass, 3.4 kg, and g is the gravitational force, the equation for force equals mass times acceleration divided by mass.

g = 9.8m/s

The distance is expressed in meters.

Torque is determined by the product of force and distance.

Torque equals m (9. 8) x (0.25)

where

m is the mass

g is the gravitational force

h is the height

Torque = 3. 4 x (9. 8) x (0.25)

=> 33.2 x 0.25

=> 8.33N.m

The gravitational torque of the rod is 8.33N.m since torque = 8.33N.m.

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Note the correct question is in the diagram,

Eudora spent 0.5 hours from home to library and 1.5 hrs from library to home.

Given,

Home to library, Average speed S₁ = 12 km/hr

Average speed S₂ = 76 km/hr

Total distance = 120 km

Total Time = 2 hrs

Let us take the time taken to go from home to library is x. So, from library to school will be 2-x.

S₁ = 12 km/hr

T₁ = x

S₂ = 76 km/hr

T₂ = 2-x

We know that, distance = speed * time

D₁ = 12x

D₂ = 76(2-x) = 152 - 76x

D₁ + D₂ = 120

12x + 152 - 76x = 120

152 - 64x = 120

64x = 32

x = 0.5 hrs

T₂ = 2-x = 2- 0.5 = 1.5 hrs

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Evaluate using:

Gsatellite = Gmoon * M / (R^2 + R^2/4)^(3/2).

Explanation:

The gravitational field strength at the satellite is given by the formula Gsatellite = Gmoon * M / (R^2 + R^2/4)^(3/2)

To find the value of Gsatellite, we need to know the values of Gmoon, M, and R. We are given the mass of the moon (m) and the mass of the planet (M), but we are not given the value of Gmoon or R. However, we can use the information provided in the problem to find the value of Gmoon.

The gravitational field strength at the center of the moon (Gmoon) is equal to the product of the mass of the planet (M) and the tangential velocity of the moon (v) squared, divided by the distance between the center of the moon and the center of the planet (R).

Since the moon is in uniform circular motion with a constant tangential velocity, we can use the formula for centripetal acceleration (a = v^2/R) to find the value of Gmoon. We know that the mass of the moon (m) is accelerating toward the center of the planet, so the centripetal acceleration of the moon (a) is equal to the gravitational field strength at the center of the moon (Gmoon).

We can use the formula a = v^2/R to find the value of Gmoon by substituting the values for a, v, and R into the formula. We are given the value of v (the tangential velocity of the moon), and we can use the formula for centripetal acceleration (a = v^2/R) to find the value of a.

We can substitute the value of a into the formula Gmoon = M * a to find the value of Gmoon. Once we have the value of Gmoon, we can substitute it into the formula Gsatellite = Gmoon * M / (R^2 + R^2/4)^(3/2) to find the value of Gsatellite.

Therefore, to find the gravitational field strength at the satellite, we need to find the value of Gmoon by using the formula Gmoon = M * a and the values of M, a, and R provided in the problem. We can then use the value of Gmoon to find the value of Gsatellite using the formula Gsatellite = Gmoon * M / (R^2 + R^2/4)^(3/2).

Answer:

It is difficult to predict exactly what would happen if two neutron stars were to collide near a black hole, as the behavior of objects in the vicinity of a black hole is determined by a number of factors, including the mass, spin, and charge of the black hole, as well as the motion and composition of the neutron stars.

Explanation:

It is difficult to predict exactly what would happen if two neutron stars were to collide near a black hole, but some possible scenarios include:

Ultimately, the exact outcome of such a collision would depend on a number of complex factors and would require detailed modeling to predict with any accuracy.

Answer:

In each of the given situations, the direction of current flow in the loop of conductor will depend on the relative motion of the magnet and the loop, as well as the orientation of the magnet.

a) In the first situation, the magnet is brought down directly above the loop, with the north pole pointing down. As the magnet is moved down, the magnetic field produced by the magnet will pass through the loop of conductor and generate a current in the loop. The direction of this current will depend on the orientation of the loop relative to the magnet. If the loop is oriented such that the current flows in a clockwise direction when viewed from above, the current will be in the clockwise direction. If the loop is oriented such that the current flows in a counterclockwise direction when viewed from above, the current will be in the counterclockwise direction.

b) In the second situation, the magnet is brought near the loop, with the north pole pointing up. The table is then raised, causing the magnet to move relative to the loop. As the magnet moves, it will generate a changing magnetic field that will induce a current in the loop. The direction of this current will depend on the orientation of the loop relative to the magnet, as well as the direction of the magnet's movement. If the loop is oriented such that the current flows in a clockwise direction when viewed from above, and the magnet is moving upward, the current will be in the clockwise direction. If the loop is oriented such that the current flows in a counterclockwise direction when viewed from above, and the magnet is moving upward, the current will be in the counterclockwise direction.

c) In the third situation, the loop of wire is rotated clockwise about its center axis. This will not produce a current in the loop, as there is no relative motion between the loop and the magnet, and therefore no changing magnetic field to induce a current. Therefore, in this situation, no current will flow in the loop.

There are always 12 hours of daylight at the equator because the apparent path of the sun across the sky and the horizon are always perpendicular to one another.

The "almost" equal lengths of day and night are caused by the sun's rays being bent or refracted, making it appear that the sun is above the horizon when it is actually below it. In addition, because the sun rises and sets later at higher latitudes (those farthest from the equator), the days become a little longer there. As a result, the length of the day will vary from around 12 hours to several days before and after the equinox and six and one-half minutes at the equator.

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A thermistor is a type of temperature sensor that uses metallic wire to modify its electrical resistance in response to variations in temperature. Temperature can be used to define a metal's resistance.

The resistance of thermistors is significantly more temperature-dependent than that of conventional resistors. The words thermal and resistor are combined to form the word thermistor. The conduction model used to classify thermistors.

A thermistor's basic task is to gauge a device's internal temperature. The thermocouple is a minor but crucial component of a bigger system in a temperature-controlled system. The thermistor's temperature is kept under observation by a controller.

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1. The largest wave on Earth is a tsunami wave. It has a wavelength of up to 1000 kilometers, a frequency of 0.04 to 0.2 hertz, and a period of up to an hour.

2. Tsunami waves are deep-water waves, meaning that they originate in the deep ocean and move towards the shoreline. The wave energy is transmitted across the entire water column, and it is refracted as it approaches the coast. This refraction causes the wave to slow down and build in height, resulting in the massive waves we often see in news coverage.

A Doppler radar determines precipitation velocity by measuring changes in the frequency of the reflected radio wave.

Devices for Doppler microwave detection send a steady stream of low-energy microwave radiation toward a target location, then they examine the reflected signal. When the microwave source and the vehicle are moving relative to one another, the detector detects a change in the frequency of the waves that results.

The Doppler effect, also known as the Doppler shift, is a term used to explain changes in frequency caused by moving sources of sound or light with regard to an observer. As the source gets closer to the observer, the waves it is emitting become compressed and have a greater frequency.

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Answer:

2605 N

Explanation:

[tex]F_{Earth} = m g_{earth}[/tex]

[tex]F_{Jupiter} = mg_{jupiter}[/tex]

[tex]F_{Earth} = 982 N[/tex]

[tex]982 N = m (9.8 m/s^2)\\[/tex]

[tex]m = 982 N[/tex] ÷ [tex]9.8 m/s^2[/tex]

[tex]m = \frac{4910}{49}[/tex] kg

[tex]F_{Jupiter} = \frac{4910}{49} * 26 m/s^2[/tex]

[tex]F_{Jupiter} = 2605.30...[/tex] ≈ 2605 N

The magnitude of the maximum net force that is exerted on the object is equal to 1.60 N.

The magnitude of the maximum net force on the object is equal to the magnitude of the spring force at the maximum displacement of the object. The spring force is given by Hooke's law, which states that the force exerted by a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring from its equilibrium position. The proportionality constant is called the spring constant, k.

The spring force can be expressed as F = -kx, where x is the displacement of the spring from its equilibrium position.

In this case, the maximum displacement of the object is A, so the magnitude of the maximum net force on the object is |F| = |-kx| = |-kA|.

Plugging in the given values, we get |F| = |-kA| = |-k(0.80 m)| = |-k(0.80 m)| = |1.60 N|.

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When all individual forces acting upon an object are balanced, it is the natural tendency of the object to remain at rest or to continue moving at a constant velocity in a straight line.

This is known as Newton's first law of motion, which states that an object will remain at rest or in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.

If an object is at rest and all forces acting upon it are balanced, it will remain at rest. If an object is moving at a constant velocity in a straight line and all forces acting upon it are balanced, it will continue moving at that same constant velocity in a straight line.

On the other hand, if there is an imbalance of forces acting upon an object, the object will accelerate in the direction of the net force. For example, if there is more force acting to the right than to the left, the object will accelerate to the right.

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While one charge service is dominant the conductivity of a semiconductor is at once proportional to the mobility of the dominant service. Mobility describes the relationship between the drift speed of electrons or holes and an carried out electric-powered subject in a strong.

In semiconductors excited electron movements from the valence band to the conduction band. This creates a free electron in the conduction band and a hole in the valence band. The electrons consequently have better mobility as they've won excitation strength and are similarly away from the place of impact of the nucleus.

At absolute zero (0 OKs), the electric conductivity of a semiconductor has a price of zero (i.e. the conductivity is at its minimal) while a metallic reveals its most electric conductivity at absolute zero; moreover, conductivity increases with the growth temperature in a semiconductor.

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Provides additions and appropriate modifications to IEEE Std 802.3 to 10 Mb/s physical layer specification and management parameters for operation.

On a single balanced copper twisted pair and associated optional power delivery Add. A single-pair Ethernet standard intended to support speeds up to 10 Mbps, extend Ethernet range up to 1,000 meters, and provide multidrop capability. An Ethernet physical layer standard ratified by the IEEE in late 2019 as part of the 802.3cg specification.

A standard for Ethernet network technology that uses a thicker version of coaxial cable. It is capable of transmitting data at speeds of 10 Mbit/s over distances of up to 500 meters using baseband transmission. 10Base5 is also known as Thicknet ThickWire Thick Ethernet, Thick Coaxial Ethernet.

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Answer:

The answer is Egg #1. Egg #1 experiences a greater force.

A complete circuit is created by connecting a completely charged capacitor to a 0.22-H inductor. 1.4 x 10⁻⁸ F is the capacitance of the capacitor if the circuit oscillates at a frequency of 2.9*10³ Hz.

C = capacitance

L = inductance = 0.22 H

f  = frequency = 2900 Hz

using the formula

f = 1/(2[tex]\pi[/tex]√(LC))

2[tex]\pi[/tex] f = 1/√(LC)

inserting the values

2 x 3.14 x 2900 = 1/√(0.22 C)

C = 1.4 x 10⁻⁸ F

A capacitor is an electrical component with two terminals that has the ability to store energy in the form of an electric charge. Two electrical cables are used, and they are spaced apart. A vacuum or an insulating substance known as a dielectric can fill the gap between the conductors. The capacitor's capacitance is its capacity to hold charges.

By holding apart oppositely charged couples, capacitors store energy. A parallel plate capacitor has two metal plates with a space in between them and is the most basic type of capacitor design. But various capacitor types are made in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, lengths, girths, and materials.

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Compared to the fullback, the less massive running back will experience a greater momentum change, a greater impulse and a greater collision time.

The momentum change of an object can be calculated from knowledge of the object's mass and velocity change, represented by

P = m* Δv

When a force is exerted upon an object in a collision, the object is said to have experienced an impulse.

Impulse = momentum change

F * t = m* Δv

The essential difference between the fullback and the running back is their mass. Each player has same velocity change and encounters same force during the collision. The fact that two players have different mass means the more massive player encounters the greatest momentum change. Since, momentum change is equal to impulse, then the fullback must also encounter the greater impulse. This greater impulse is due to the fact that the same collision force must endure for a longer period of time.

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(a) The student feels heavy weighted.

(b) Magnitude of the force at lowest point = 799 N

(c) Highest magnitude = 1183 N

(d) Lowest magnitude = 159 N

The wheel rotates in the circular direction and while rotating the force tend to be at the center of the motion. This is called centrifugal force.

A

Centrifugal force pushing student upwards at the top Fc = (671 - 543)N = 128N

B

At the bottom, an equal centrifugal force Fb acts downwards on the student giving a total of :

Fc + 671 = 128 + 671 = 799N

C

The total force at the top when the centrifugal force is quadrupled = 671+ (4×128)

= (671 + 512 )N = 1183 N

D

The centrifugal force is quadrupled when speed is doubled ,therefore, the total force at the top = 671 - (4× 128)

= (671 - 512)N = 159N

Therefore, the above magnitudes can be found out by the use of centrifugal force.

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(a) The student feels heavy weighted.

(b) Magnitude of the force at lowest point = 799 N

(c) Highest magnitude = 1183 N

(d) Lowest magnitude = 159 N

The wheel rotates in the circular direction and while rotating the force tend to be at the center of the motion. This is called centrifugal force.

Centrifugal force pushing student upwards at the top Fc = (671 - 543)N = 128N

At the bottom, an equal centrifugal force Fb acts downwards on the student giving a total of :

Fc + 671 = 128 + 671 = 799N

The total force at the top when the centrifugal force is quadrupled = 671+ (4×128)

= (671 + 512 )N = 1183 N

The centrifugal force is quadrupled when speed is doubled ,therefore, the total force at the top = 671 - (4× 128)

= (671 - 512)N = 159N

Therefore, the above magnitudes can be found out by the use of centrifugal force.

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The addition of 5th bulb connected in parallel with the first four bulbs will leave the illumination produced by bulbs in series unchanged (option d)

The relation between resistance, current, and voltage is given by:

I = V / R

Where:

I = current

V = voltage

R = resistance

In the given problem, all bulbs have the same resistance.

- 4 bulbs connected in series.

Let Is be the current when the 4 bulbs are connected in series. Then:

Is = V/4R

- Added the 5th bulb in parallel with the first four

The equivalent resistance will be 4/5 R and the current drawn from the battery:

Ip = V / (4/5 R) = 5 x (V/4R) = 5 x Is

So the current drawn from the battery is 5 times the initial current, Is.

However, this current is divided into 2 branches, let:

Ia = current flows to 4 bulbs

Ib = current flows to 1 bulb

Using the Kirchoff law:

Ia x 4R = Ib x R

and

Ia + Ib = Ip = 5 Is

We get:

Ia = 1/5 x Ip = 1/5 x 5Is = Is

Ib = 4/5 x Ip = 4/5 x 5Is = 4Is.

Hence,

               Ia = Is

Or in other word, the currents flow on the 4 bulbs, before and after the addition of the 5th bulb, are the same.

Therefore, the correct option is:

d) Leave the illumination produced by bulbs in series unchanged

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The mass is 0.87 m and the energy exchange is 215.33J for the woman doing exercises.

The torque skilled via way of means of the frame with out the angular rotation however actions because of the rotational movement of some other item in touch with it's miles referred to as a static torque. While commencing a door, the door does not do beneathneath torque, however the connected to the door and a wall undergoes angular rotation.

Here we have

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Answer:b and d

Explanation:

cus they go opposite direction

Form tolerances regulate the "form" of features and are frequently used as a size refinement, thus they do not need a datum reference.

The substance(s) from which a thing is created or composed: A long-lasting substance is stone. something that is utilized or created as crude or raw material: Paper is created using wood pulp as the main ingredient. any component component. a kind of cloth used to make dresses.

Metals, polymers, and ceramics have historically been the three main kinds of materials. Steel, fabric, and ceramics are a few examples. Typically, the sources, traits, and uses of these classes are very diverse.

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Star S₁ is moving away from us at a speed of 0.8c. Star S₂ is moving away from us in the opposite direction at a speed of 0.5c.The speed of S₁ as measured by an observer on S₂ is 0.5c.

We are given that,

Star S₂ is moving away in the opposite direction at a speed = v =+0.5c

Star S₁ is moving away from us at a speed = u =+0.8c

Speed of light = c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s

So that we can calculate the speed of S₁ as measured by an observer on S₂  by the formula , (which is multiple of c)

u/c = [(u/c)- (v/c)]/[(1 -uv)/c²]

Putting the values in above equation we get,

u/c = [(0.8 -0.5)]/[1 - (0.8)(0.5)]

u = 0.5c

Therefore, the speed of S₁ as measured by an observer on S₂ would be 0.5c in a direction away from earth .

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