In a resting state, sodium (Na ) is at a higher concentration outside the cell, and potassium (K ) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels increase inside the cell.
During an action potential, the potassium level inside the cell decreases, and the sodium level inside the cell increases. That is to say, there is an outflow of potassium and an inflow of sodium ions.
Action potential usually occurs when an electrical signal disrupts the balance of Na+ and K+ within a cell membrane, briefly depolarizing the concentrations of each.
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what is a membrane???????
Answer:
Membrane is a barrier which protects what comes in and out...
Explanation:
Hope It Helps!!!
A membrane is a thin wall or layer made up of biological substances such as cellulose or lipid.
What is the role of a membrane?A membrane is a thin sheet that protects the cell from the outer environment, and they make a sheet or separation between the cell interior and the exterior.
It helps in the transfer of material from the cell and in the cell and gives the cell structure and rigidity.
Thus, A membrane is a thin wall or layer comprised of cellulose or lipids, which are biological materials.
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The negative charge established along a nerve cell membrane is due to (select all that apply) A. movement of Cl- into the cell B. movement of proteins out of the cell C. movement of Na into the cell D. higher permeability of K relative to Na E. intracellular protein anions
The negative charge established along a nerve cell membrane is due to the D.higher permeability of K relative to Na.
Whilst the membrane will become permeable to k+, the k+ ions will freely waft until that membrane potential is reached. In this case, the ok+ ions will float OUT of the mobile, contributing to the mobile's hyperpolarization (from -70mV towards -96mV) within the path of the k+ equilibrium potential.
The bad charge inside the cellular is created via the cellular membrane being greater permeable to potassium ion movement than sodium ion movement. In neurons, potassium ions are maintained at excessive concentrations in the mobile whilst sodium ions are maintained at high concentrations out of doors of the cellular.
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Which sympathetic pathway is responsible for activating the esophagus, heart, lungs, and thoracic blood vessels
The postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway; option(c), is responsible for activating the esophagus, heart, lungs, and thoracic blood vessels.
What is the pathway of the sympathetic nervous system?Preganglionic neurons found in the intermediolateral columns of the spinal cord, from the thoracic to mid-lumbar levels, are the exit points for sympathetic pathways from the central nervous system.
Postganglionic neurons connect with preganglionic axons at the sympathetic chain ganglia. After exiting the sympathetic chain ganglia through a gray ramus communicans (unmyelinated axons), the postganglionic neuron rejoins the spinal nerve and travels to the skin and blood vessels all over the body.
An inhibitory input to the smooth muscle in the body of the bladder, an excitatory input to the smooth muscle in the urethra, and an inhibitory and facilitatory input to the vesical parasympathetic ganglia are all provided by sympathetic postganglionic nerves that produce norepinephrine.
The complete question is:
Which sympathetic pathway is responsible for activating the esophagus, heart, lungs, and thoracic blood vessels?
A. Splanchnic nerve pathway
B. Adrenal medulla pathway
C. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway
D. Spinal nerve pathway
E. None of the choices is correct.
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state the application of binomial nomenclature in naming organism
Answer:
simplifies the study of names of organisms in common language worldwide to all scientists
The first step in most stoichiometry problems is to
a. add the coefficients of the reagents
b. convert given quantities to moles
c. convert given quantities to volumes
d. convert given quantities to masses
The first step in stoichiometric problems would be to convert given quantities to moles.
Solving stoichiometric problemsStoichiometric problems make use of the number of moles of individual components of reactions.
Thus, apart from the stoichiometric number of moles that are obtained from the balanced equations of reactions, the first step would be to convert any given quantity to the number of moles.
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Many farmers and gardeners compost their plant and animal waste. The living material naturally decays in compost bins, forming a dirt-like substance that’s rich in nutrients. The next season, farmers use this substance as a natural fertilizer for their crops.
A biology student has grown tomato plants for several years. Until now, he used an artificial fertilizer formulated for tomato plants. This fertilizer caused his plants to grow faster and taller than they grew in unfertilized soil. The student wants to know whether using natural compost will cause his tomato plants to grow faster and taller than his artificial fertilizer.
The use of artificial fertilizer has helped the tomato plant to grow faster and taller.
Natural fertilizers such as plant and animal wastes are considered eco-friendly as they are not harmful to the environment. They add nutrients to the soil in a natural way and do not degrade the soil. But, their impact is slow and cannot fulfil all the lacking nutrients. On the other hand, artificial fertilisers are harmful to the environment as they degrade the soilStill, the farmers prefer artificial fertilizers over natural fertilizers. This is because they help the plant to grow faster and taller by fulfilling the requirement of all lacking nutrients.Thus, tomato plants are grown faster and taller due to the use of artificial fertilizers. Artificial fertilizers have a greater impact than natural fertilizers and provide the soil with the required nutrients.
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Someone please help
Answer:
1)Increase
2) oxygen and nitrogen
Explanation:
1) increases b/c if radiation is not going into space, its just staying in our atmosphere and heating stuff up cuz radiation is just heat.
2) This I am not 100% sure but it should be oxygen and nitrogen based on what I found on the web. https://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_astro/absorption.html
The MOST distinctive feature of ape dentition, which clearly distinguishes apes from Old World monkeys, is
The most distinctive feature of ape dentition, which clearly distinguishes apes from Old World monkeys, is a Y-5 molar pattern.
What is the Y-5 molar pattern?This is a distinctive type of molar teeth pattern found in apes and hominoids.In this, 5 cusps or raised surfaces are present on the grinding surface of teeth, roughly forming a Y- shape. Therefore, this is also known as Y-5 pattern.Whereas Old world monkeys have only 4 cusps on their lower molars present in a bilophodont pattern.A Y-5 molar is formed when the tooth is divided into different pieces which form the complete structure of the tooth.In bilophodont pattern the tooth is divided into 2 symmetric sections.The dental formula of apes is 2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3 i.e. 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars.Learn more about dentition in apes here:
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Mutation resulting from changes in a single gene is called ______________. gene mutations chromosomal mutations chromosomal aberrations translocation
Mutation resulting from changes in a single gene is called Gene mutation.
A gene variation is an alteration to a gene's DNA sequence that takes place throughout time. Gene variation is regarded to be a more accurate word for this sort of genetic change than gene mutation since changes in DNA do not necessarily result in illness.Gene variations can be acquired from one's parents or develop naturally over time.Inheritable variations are present in almost all of a person's cells throughout their lifetime and are transferred from parent to kid.Non-inherited variations appear at some point in a person's life and are found in just a subset of the body's cells, not all of them. Non-inherited variations are sometimes referred to as somatic variants since they generally arise in somatic cells.So we can conclude that a gene variation is a change in a gene's DNA sequence that occurs over time; it is thought to be a more appropriate term for this type of genetic change than gene mutation because DNA variations do not always cause disease, it also resulting from changes in a single gene.
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What can DNA be compared to?
A. a dictionary
B. a book
C. a virus
D. a computer program
Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing. Group of answer choices P wave T wave QRS complex P-R interval
Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the QRS complex in an ECG tracing.
The conduction system in the ventricles depolarizes, and this depolarization spreads along the walls of the ventricles to produce the QRS complex. It represents electrical activity that occurs before the ventricles contract (ventricular systole). The QRS complex appears immediately after the onset of ventricular systole.An aberrant depolarization of the ventricles results in the formation of an abnormal QRS complex. The SA node, an ectopic pacemaker in the atria, AV junction, bundle branches, Purkinje network, or the ventricular myocardium are all possible pacemaker sites in these aberrant QRS complexes.An aberrant QRS complex might have any shape, from normal to wide and odd to slurred and notched.learn more about QRS complex here: https://brainly.com/question/10842164
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9. Which of the following is the example of the action of the autonomous nervous system? A. Kicking a ball B. Swinging of arms C. Swallowing of food D. Movement of food in small intestine.
Answer:
Your answer will be D. Movement of food in small intestine.
Explanation:
SOOOOO, here's a shorter, simplified answer for you:
When you digest things, you don't control it, like you can't tell your stomach to stop moving or your heart to stop beating. That's why it's called the "Autonomous Nervous System." Meaning that it's automatic, you don't have to think about it all the time...
Hope this helps you!
The tarsier Group of answer choices is unquestionably a prosimian/Strepsirhines is more closely related biochemically to anthropoids/Haplorhini than to prosimians. is a hominin is a New World monkey.
The tarsier is more closely related biochemically to anthropoids/Haplorhini than to prosimians.
Prosimians include monkeys, apes, and humans (simians), however tarsiers are more closely linked to anthropoids/Haplorhini than other prosimians.This position on the primate family tree, where tarsiers resemble monkeys and apes more than lemurs and lorises,In contrast to lemurs, which have epitheliochorial placentas, they have hemochorial placentas that give birth to rather big children. Monthly sexual cycles in female tarsiers are accompanied by swellings resembling those in several Old World monkey species.learn more about tarsier here: https://brainly.com/question/926621
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The ocean and the atmosphere serve aa long term storage areas for carbon and other nutrients.
The ocean and the atmosphere serve as long term storage areas for carbon and other nutrients which is referred to as reservoirs.
What is a Reservoir?This is referred to an area of water which contains various forms of nutrient in excess quantities.
It serves as a storage area and example include carbon sink where carbon compounds such as coal are found. This is therefore the reason why reservoir is the most appropriate choice.
The options include the following:
reservoirsfossil fuelsbiostoragescompoundsRead more about Reservoir here https://brainly.com/question/12725067
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Though we have found the remains of many dinosaurs, the record is incomplete as paleontologists often do not find full skeletons. What factors would be involved in an incomplete record of dinosaurs? Select all that apply.
The following options are correct:
Their large size prevented undisturbed burial and fossilization.Much of the large corpse would have been scavenged.Dinosaur bone tends to dissolve in waterDue to the fact that many early forms of life had large and soft bodies, the fossil record contains gaps. Soft creature parts do not make good fossils while, Their large size prevented undisturbed burial and fossilization.. This indicates that little is known about how these organisms appeared. Any fossil remains that may have existed have likely been obliterated by geological processes.Their bones were dispersed, frequently over very large distances, as a result of tectonic movements, weathering, and environmental changes. After dying, the majority of organisms decayed or were consumed by scavengers. Since hard parts are significantly more prone to fossilize, many animals lacked them.All of the squishy components of its body disintegrate as it decays, leaving only the hard components, like as bones, teeth, and horns, to remain. Water in the adjacent rocks has surrounded these tough rocks for millions of years. parts, and minerals in the water replace them, bit by bit.learn more about fossilization of dinosaurs here: https://brainly.com/question/10821025
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A metastasis is _________. (a) a secondary tumor in a different part of the body that arises from a cell from the primary tumor. (b) a cell that is dividing in defiance of normal constraints. (c) a part of the primary tumor that has invaded the surrounding
A metastasis is a secondary tumor in a different part of the body that arises from a cell from the primary tumor (option A).
What is metastasis?A metastasis in medicine refers to the transference of a bodily disease to another part of the body.
It is specifically the development of a secondary area of disease remote from the original site e.g in cases of cancers.
Therefore, if a secondary tumor arises in a different part of the body from a cell from the primary tumor, it is called metastasis.
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If a post-synaptic ionotropic receptor is permeable to potassium and assuming all normal ionic distributions, the response in the post synaptic cell will be...
If a post-synaptic ionotropic receptor is permeable to potassium and assuming all normal ionic distributions, the response in the post synaptic cell will be inhibitory.
Ion channels that open in response to the binding of a neurotransmitter are known as ionotropic receptors, also known as neurotransmitter-gated or ligand-gated channels. If there is a synapse, they can be found anywhere along the neuron, though they are typically found around the dendrites or cell body.Ligand-gated channels play a crucial role in the transmission of information from one neuron to another.Postsynaptic receptors can identify two different kinds of neurotransmitters. The action potential is swiftly transmitted by ionotropic receptors, also known as ligand-gated ion channels, to depolarize the neuron (or hyperpolarize the neuron and inhibit additional action potentials).learn more about ionotropic receptor here: https://brainly.com/question/9713967
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In an element's square on the periodic table, the number with the greatest numerical value represents the
O number of neutrons..
number of electrons.
atomic number.
atomic mass.
Mark this and return
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In the square of an element on the periodic table, the number with the highest numerical value represents the atomic number.
atomic number.What is the atomic number Z?The atomic number is represented by the letter Z and indicates the number of protons (p) in the nucleus of the atom. This quantity is characteristic of each chemical element.
With this information, we can conclude that The atomic number, represented by the capital letter Z, corresponds to the number of protons in the nucleus of atoms (Z = p).
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what is the end result of miosis
The P50 for myoglobin is 2.8 torr. At what oxygen concentration will myoglobin be 75% saturated with oxygen
At 8.4 torr myoglobin will be 75% saturated with oxygen.
Calculation :
P50 is the partial pressure of the system. To achieve 50% saturation of oxygen to bind to myoglobin, the partial pressure needed is P50
P50 =2.8 torr
so, Mb+ O2 = MbO2
K= [Mb] [O2]/[MbO2]......................(1)
Yo2 ( fractional saturation of myoglobin )
Yo2=[MbO2]/[Mb]+[MbO2]..........................(2)
From equations (1) and (2)
We get Yo2= [O2]/K+[O2]= Po2 /K+ Po2
i)Yo2= 50% =2.8/K+2.8
0.5= 2.8/k +2.8
So, K= 2.8
ii) 75 % = [O2]/K+[O2]= [O2]/2.8+ [O2] = 8.4
Therefore, the oxygen concentration will be 8.4 torr.
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A mutation occurred in a population of wombo birds. Birds with the mutation are able to eat mangoes but those without the mutation
cannot. Birds with the mutation no longer fly north during winter and stay to feed on mangoes. What is likely to happen over time?
OA they will evolve into a new species that can't breed with the other wombo birds
OB. the other wombo birds will evolve and become mango eaters too
OC. a new species of mangoes will evolve and live along the wombo birds migration route
OD. they will eat all the mangoes and start migrating again
A mutation occurred in a population of wombo birds, and birds with the mutation are able to eat mangoes, but those without the mutation cannot. This is due to the fact that the other wombo birds will evolve and become mango eaters too, which is option B. So option B is the correct answer.
Since birds with the mutation can eat mangoes, and mangoes appear to be a valuable food resource, natural selection will likely favor the birds with the mutation. As a result, over generations, more and more birds in the population will carry the mutation, and eventually, the entire population may evolve to become mango eaters. This process may take time, and the rate of evolution will depend on factors such as the size of the population, the rate of mutation, and the availability of mangoes as a food source.
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Somebody Help me please
Answer:
shorter, more
Explanation:
When a gamma ray and a radio wave are compared, a gamma ray has a shorter wavelength and more energy than a radio wave.
Why is salivary amylase active for only an hour or so, whereas lingual lipase isn't active until reaching the stomach
Salivary amylase will be active for only an hour or so because the optimum pH for activity of amylase is about 6.7–7.0 which is available in the mouth but the pH of the stomach is acidic around 1-2 due to which the amylase enzyme becomes inactive in short-time.
The lingual lipase enzyme is present in the saliva but isn't active until reaching the stomach because this enzyme is acid stable and works efficiently in the stomach, not in the mouth.
Amylase enzyme is secreted in the mouth and is responsible for the breakdown of starch in food into sugars and it starts acting as soon as we put food in the mouth whereas Lingual lipase enzyme is secreted along with saliva but it is not active in the mouth rather its activity starts in the stomach which is responsible for the degradation of triacylglycerol molecules.
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Which of the following is an example of a falsifiable hypothesis that could lead to scientific knowledge?
A. Loch Ness has a giant reptile living in it.
B. No aliens have crashed on Earth.
C. Humans were created.
D. Aliens have crashed on Earth.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Proof that aliens exist would lead to many scientific discoveries
Why do you think it is important to study the science of human life (biology) in psychology
Answer:
to understand the human and animal behaviour
Explanation:
By looking at the biological bases of human behavior, psychologists are better able to understand how the brain and physiological processes might influence the way people think, act, and feel.
Are there any parts of the human body that get oxygen directly from the air and not from the blood?
Answer:
The cornea is the only part of a human body that has no blood supply; it gets oxygen directly through the air.
Explanation:
Answer:
Yes. Upper-layer skin cells and the cells in the front surface of the eyes get a significant amount of oxygen directly from the air
Explanation:
5. Which component of the lymphatic system filters lymph from the upper limbs and upper external part of the thorax
The subclavian trunks of the lymphatic system filter lymph from the upper limbs and upper external part of the thorax.
The lymphatic system is an open system and is a part of the immune system. It consists of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphoid tissues, and organs.
The lymphatic system is responsible for the circulation of a clear fluid which is known as the lymph.
The lymph contains lymphocytes which help in fighting against infections and diseases. The lymphocytes are produced in the primary lymphoid organs which are the thymus and bone marrow.
The subclavian trunks are formed after the unification of the efferent vessels of the subclavicular groups.
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When two species both have similar anatomical structures that were inherited from the same ancestor that also had them, the similarities are referred to as being Group of answer choices analogies homologies neither of the above
If or extra species share a completely unique bodily feature, inclusive of a complex bone structure or a body plan, they will all have inherited this option from a common ancestor. Bodily features shared due to evolutionary history (a commonplace ancestor) are stated to be homologous.
Homologous systems are similar physical capabilities in organisms that proportion a commonplace ancestor, however, the capabilities serve absolutely specific capabilities.
For example, the bones in the front flipper of a whale are homologous to the bones within the human arm. These structures aren't analogous. The wings of a butterfly and the wings of a chook are analogous but no longer homologous.
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In an energy pyramid, the amount of energy at the producer level is 475,650 kilocalories. the pyramid has four trophic levels, including the producer level. assuming that 10% of the energy is retained at every level, how much energy is available for the second-level consumers? the energy available for the second-level consumers is kilocalories.
The energy available for the second-level consumers is 4756.5 kilocalories.
A trophic level is a position in the food chain or nutrient cycle of an ecosystem. Based on their eating habits, organisms in a food chain are divided into various levels. The first trophic level is usually occupied by producers that can synthesize their own food.
The efficient energy transfer from one trophic to another is only 10% rest of the energy is lost in the ecosystem. The studies of the transfer of energy in different food chains in a large number of ecosystems have revealed a uniform pattern, which is stated as the 10 percent law by Lindemann. According to this law, only 10 percent of the energy entering a particular trophic level of organisms is available for transfer to the next higher trophic level.
Calculation:
Producers (475650 kilocalories) —> Primary consumers (10% of 475650 = 47565 kilocalories) —> Secondary consumers (10% of 47565 = 4756.5 kilocalories).
So, the energy available for second-level consumers is 4756.5 kilocalories.
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Answer:
4756.5
Hope this helps!
Explanation:
"Dave", the feathered lizard fossil is thought of as a(n) ______________________ species, or an organism that may represent a common ancestor shared by different but related lineages of organisms
"Dave", the feathered lizard fossil is thought of as a(n) homologous species, or an organism that may represent a common ancestor shared by different but related lineages of organisms.
What is homologous evolution?Homologous evolution is similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor.
Homologous structures include the human arm, a bird or bat's wing, a dog's leg, a dolphin or whale's flipper, and the wing of a bird or a bat. They are distinct and serve different purposes, although they are comparable and have similar characteristics. They are regarded as homologous structures because their underlying anatomies are comparable.
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