Methods
Take a clean cotton swab and gently scrape the inside of your mouth.
Smear the cotton swab on the centre of the microscope slide for 2 to 3 seconds.
Add a drop of methylene blue solution and place a coverslip on top. ...
Remove any excess solution by allowing a paper towel to touch one side of the coverslip
which technique would you use to study the effects of extracellular environment on ion channel activity
Answer:
by taking part you will build long lasting friendship and connection meet students from the different backgrounds and gain transferable skills such as communication team work organisation problem solving at the time management it is also improve your
Patch clamping technique we would use to study the effects of the extracellular environment on ion channel activity.
Patch clamp:
The patch clamp method in electrophysiology is a laboratory technique for examining ionic channels in isolated living cells, tissue samples, or patches of cell membrane. The method can also be used to examine bacterial ion channels in specially made gigantic spheroplasts. It is particularly helpful in the research of excitable cells such neurons, cardiomyocytes, muscle fibers, and pancreatic beta cells.
The voltage clamp method can be used to perform patch clamping. In this instance, the experimenter controls the voltage across the cell membrane, and the ensuing currents are measured. As an alternative, the current clamp method can be applied. In this instance, the experimenter controls the current that crosses the membrane, and the ensuing variations in voltage are recorded, usually in the form of action potentials.
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What should for extraction of protein from placental tissue by some advance tequnique
Answer:because it would change the world of life and how it spins connect to the living things
Explanation:
The fossil record of horses shows ___________ trend in both the overall size of species and a reduction in the number of digits.
The fossil records of the horses show the active trend in terms of both the species size and reduction in the number of digits.
Fossil records:
It is a documented record that defines the history of life or evolution. It is used to identify the ages of the ancestors or primitive organisms . It is used to evaluate the difference between the organisms in today’s world with the ancient world.
The horses have evolved themselves over time.The most primitive horse was Hyracotherium which is about 60 million years ago having size of only 0.4 m having four toes.
Mesohippus, which was 40 millions years ago, had only three toes to move on the ground.Merichippus, which was 30 millions years ago , had only a middle toe and hoof.Pliohippus, which is around 10 million years old , had only a middle toe.Equus, which is 1 million years old , had only a single hoof to run on the ground.Modern horse, In today’s world having a single toe in a hoof.Learn more about fossil records from here,
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A population of beetles in which some individuals are blue and some individuals are green evolves by chance because more alleles of one color are transmitted to the next generation than alleles of the other color. This mechanism of evolution is known as
A population of beetles in which some individuals are blue and some individuals are green evolves by chance because more alleles of one color are transmitted to the next generation than alleles of the other color. This mechanism of evolution is known as Genetic drift.
Genetic drift is the arbitrary change in the frequency of a gene variant in a population. Gene variations may totally vanish due to genetic drift, which would limit genetic diversity.Genetic drift is a random or chance process that can produce significant population changes quickly. Recurringly small population sizes, drastic population size reductions known as "bottlenecks," and founder events, in which a new population is created from a small number of people, all contribute to random drift.For example, a population of rabbits having brown and white fur, with the dominant gene being white fur. Genetic drift may result in the eradication of the whole white population, leaving only the brown population.
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If an agriculture field is sprayed with insecticides, often the ______ insects are replaced by ______ insects that are no longer affected by the insecticide.
If an agriculture field is sprayed with insecticides, often the non-resistant insects are replaced by resistant insects that are no longer affected by the insecticide.
A heritable alteration in a pest population's susceptibility to a certain insecticide or set of insecticides is known as insecticide resistance.Regardless of how a crop protection was created, insects may evolve a resistance to it. A chemical or biological weapon, a gene from the crop species that has been bred into commercial plants using traditional plant breeding techniques, or a gene inserted using recombinant DNA technology could all be used as a crop defense.Due to their unique genetic make-up, a tiny fraction of the pest population may survive exposure to a pesticide after its initial application. The genes for resistance are passed on to the following generation by these people.learn more about resistance here: https://brainly.com/question/13092147
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A sustainable ecosystem can be as small as a drop of rain on a leaf. Explain how this is possible.
A sustainable ecosystem can be as small as a raindrop on a leaf. because it is a set formed by the interactions between biotic and abootic components and in this leaf there can be this type of interactions with microscopic beings.
What is an ecosystem?Ecosystem is the name given to a set of communities that live in a certain place and interact with each other and with the environment, constituting a stable, balanced and self-sufficient system.
With this information, we can conclude that A sustainable ecosystem can be as small as a raindrop on a leaf. because it is a set formed by the interactions between biotic and abootic components and in this leaf there can be this type of interactions with microscopic beings.
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When a pigment molecule in a light-harvesting complex absorbs a photon of light, what happens to its excited-state electron?.
When a pigment molecule in a light-harvesting complex absorbs a photon of light, While returning to its ground state, the electron transfers some of the energy from its excited state to an electron in a nearby pigment molecule.
It takes a photon of light energy some distance before it reaches a pigment molecule like chlorophyll. An electron in the chlorophyll is "activated" by the photon. The energy imparted to the electron then moves from one pigment molecule to another until it reaches the reaction center, a pair of chlorophyll a molecules. An electron in the reaction center is then excited by this energy, causing it to break loose and travel to the primary electron acceptor.Therefore, it is said that the reaction center "donates" one electron to the main electron acceptor.learn more about light-harvesting complex here:
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The kidney was one of the first organs to be successfully transplanted because it is so encapsulated and has limited vessels feeding into or out of it. How many major vessels must be cut in transplant surgery for one kidney
At least 3 or 4 small cuts not more than an inch
but it will increase towards the end of the surgery
During a hot dry day a plant begins to wilt and the stomata are closed. What would happen to oxygen and carbon dioxide levels inside of the tissues of the leaf
When the stomata close, CO2 levels drop and oxygen (O2) levels increase.
What are its implications?Carbon dioxide in the air spaces in the leaf decreases, oxygen in the air spaces in the leaf increases.This imbalance in CO2/O2 results in an efficiency decrease because oxygen is now being fixed by enzyme (RuBisCO) to that five-carbon compound instead of carbon dioxide. This is called photorespiration which is a wasteful process.Learn more about photorespiration here:
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If blood is splashed in the eye or any mucous membrane, flush the affected area with running water for:
If blood is splashed in the eye or any mucous membrane, flush the affected area with running water for at least 15 minutes.
What is Mucus Membrane ?
Organ mucosa is made up of lamina propria, a loose connective tissue layer underneath, and one or more layers of epithelial cells that create mucus. Different organs secrete different types of cells and mucus, and each kind might change along a particular route.
What to do after an exposure to sharps or body fluids?
Wash the area with soap and water after being exposed by a needlestick or cut. Inform your supervisor or the person in charge of the exposure as soon as possible. There will be a policy at your place of employment describing what to do if you are exposed.learn more about purpose of mucous membrane at https://brainly.in/app/ask?entry=hero&q=mucous+membrane
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If blood is splashed in the eye or any mucous membrane, flush the affected area with running water for at least 15 minutes.
Have the person promptly rinse their eye(s) under running water, a warm shower, or a clean water container. Face of the individual should be held with the injured eye down and to the side. A high-pressure water stream should never be directed at the eye or eyes.
Use warm water to flush for 15 to 30 minutes.
What are the risks of infection from blood?
The likelihood of contracting an infection increases if you break or pierce your skin while coming into contact with contaminated blood. For instance, if you pierce your skin with a sharp tool that has contaminated blood on it, like a used needle.
If blood only comes into touch with your eyes, mouth, nose, or already broken skin, the danger of contracting an infection from it is reduced. For instance, if someone spits in your face, their saliva may contain blood and could end up in your mouth, nose, or eyes.
Additionally, infectious saliva may enter an already open wound, graze, or scratch. If infected, there is relatively little danger of infection. If infected blood comes into contact with intact skin, the chance of infection is quite low.
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Avery and his coworkers showed that the agent responsible for changing nonvirulent bacteria into virulent bacteria was
Answer:
Avery and his coworkers showed that the agent responsible for changing nonvirulent bacteria into virulent bacteria was DNA.
Explanation:
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary unit of an organism. The DNA is formed of nucleotide sequence that codes for specific proteins in an organism. Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms, that is, their genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane. The study performed by Avery and his coworkers used enzyme that inactivates different classes of biomolecules in the heat killed virulent bacterial strain. This mixture was used to inoculate the avirulent bacterial cell to conclude that the factor for converting bacteria to virulent was DNA.
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The turbidity of water measures how much _____is in the water?
The turbidity of water measures how much Suspended particles are present in the water
Meaning of TurbidityTurbidity can be defined as a method or approach that measures the level of transparency possessed by a liquid primarily water.
Turbidity ascertain that a liquid is clear or full of suspended particles in it by passing light through the liquid.
In conclusion, The turbidity of water measures the amount of Suspended particles present in the body of water
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In an experiment carried out to study the energy flow through an ecosystem, scientists measured the total solar energy captured by plants to be 10,000 kilocalories. The portion of this available to the next trophic level will be ___.
1,000 kilocalories of energy available to the next trophic level.
What Is The 10 Rule What Is Its Significance Why Is Energy Lost?The 10 percent rule states that only ten percent of the energy in an ecosystem will be transferred from one trophic level to the next. An energy pyramid provides a graphic representation of energy loss at each level of the feeding stages of species in an ecosystem.
So, energy captured in the next trophic level = 10,000 kilocalories of 10%
= 1,000 kilocalories
Energy is lost as metabolic heat when animals from one trophic level are ingested by species from the next level, hence energy diminishes as it goes up the food chain. Energy transmission between trophic levels is quantified by trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE).
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Which location is not appropriate for hand washing after working with human material in the laboratory
A hand washing sink in the break room is not an appropriate location for washing hands after working with human material in the laboratory.
A vital part of laboratory safety is hand washing. In fact, this 20-second method is regarded as one of the most crucial steps utilized to stop chemicals, radioactive materials, and microbiological agents from infecting you and the area around you.
Even though gloves should be used when handling hazardous items, adequate hand washing should still be done on a regular basis. If you don't wash your hands right away after taking off your gloves, germs could spread to your mucous membranes and infect you, or they could contaminate neighboring surfaces and endanger other lab workers.
Every laboratory that uses chemical or biological agents must have access to at least one sink for hand washing, ideally close to the room exit. To prevent contamination, the sink must be cleaned frequently, and soap must be available for hand washing.
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A condition in which a single mutant gene affects more than one distinct characteristic of an individual is referred to as _______ and often leads to a syndrome.
A condition in which a single mutant gene affects more than one distinct characteristic of an individual is referred to as Pleiotropy.
What is Pleiotropy?Pleiotropy occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. Such a gene that exhibits multiple phenotypic expressions is called a Pleiotropic gene.Pleiotropy can arise from several distinct but potentially overlapping mechanisms, such as gene pleiotropy, developmental pleiotropy, and selectional pleiotropy.An example of pleiotropy is phenylketonuria.So, when a single trait mutant gene controls more than one trait it is called Pleiotropy and it can cause the various syndrome.To learn more about Pleiotropy,
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A new rainforest plant was discovered by scientists, having been used by native cultures for generations to cure fungal infections. Jane is a scientist in charge of investigating the anti-fungal properties of the new plant species. Describe the molecular techniques that Jane could use to isolate, identify, and produce the anti-fungal compound in the laboratory.
Fungi detection using molecular methods
PCR as we know it. The invention of PCR ushered in a major shift in the field of plant pathology. PCR that is nested. To achieve a high level of specificity and sensitivity, nested PCR is used. Multiplex PCR.
RT-PCR
Fungi were isolated from the root samples that were obtained. After removing soil debris with tap water, samples were submerged in 1 percent sodium hypochlorite NaOCl) for 1-2 minutes. After 2-3 minutes in sterile distilled water (SDW), the samples were dried on sterile filter paper.
When identifying, look for the following essential characteristics:
Shape, color, and size of the fruiting bodyA spore print can also be acquired from the gills, specifically how they adhere to the stem.Shape, color, and size of the stemThe smell and the texture.Preformed antifungal chemicals found naturally in healthy plants are thought to act as intrinsic chemical barriers to infection, protecting plants from a wide spectrum of possible pathogens.
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1. A man with hemophilia (a recessive, sex-linked condition) has a daughter without
hemophilia who marres a man without hemophilia. What is the probability of their
daughter having hemophilia? Their son? If they have four sons, that all will be affected?
A man with hemophilia (a sex-linked recessive condition) has a daughter without hemophilia, the probability of their children having hemophilia is 50%, out of 4 children probably 2 will have hemophilia and 2 will not have hemophilia.
What is recessive and dominant?The dominant term is related to the genetic transmission of a trait and is represented, in biology, by a capital letter (A, B or V). While recessive, represented by a lowercase letter (a, b or v), they represent genetic traits transmitted only in the absence of the dominant gene.
With this information, we can conclude that Recessive genes produce proteins considered “defective” as they become inactive. That is, they are hidden (recessive) with the presence of a dominant gene manifesting their characteristics in the absence of their dominant allele.
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The pancreatic hormones function together to stabilize blood glucose concentration through a negative feedback mechanism. The pancreatic hormone __________ lowers blood glucose levels, while __________ raises blood glucose levels
The pancreatic hormones function together to stabilize blood glucose concentration through a negative feedback mechanism. The pancreatic hormone insulin lowers blood glucose levels, while glucagon raises blood glucose levels.
Glucagon is a hormone that your pancreas makes to assist adjust your blood glucose (sugar) stages. Glucagon will increase your blood sugar degree and prevents it from dropping too low, whereas insulin, another hormone, decreases blood sugar ranges.
Insulin and glucagon work in what is known as a negative feedback loop. Throughout this system, one event triggers every other, which triggers some other, and so forth, to hold your blood sugar stages balanced.
The management of blood sugar (glucose) by insulin is a good instance of a poor comment mechanism. when blood sugar rises, receptors inside the frame sense a change. In turn, the manipulate center (pancreas) secretes insulin into the blood effectively lowering blood sugar levels.
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Which digestive hormone is secreted when fats and carbohydrates, especially glucose, enter the small intestine?.
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) a digestive hormone is secreted when fats and carbohydrates, especially glucose, enter the small intestine.
A member of the secretin family of hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide is an inhibitory hormone. It is sometimes referred to as gastric inhibitory polypeptide or stomach inhibitory peptide. The enteroendocrine K-cells, which are widespread in the small intestine secrete GIP.The hormone gastric inhibitory polypeptide, which is released by intestinal mucosal cells, prevents the stomach from producing hydrochloric acid. Additionally, it improves the islets of Langerhans' beta cells' ability to secrete insulin, which results in a considerable increase in blood insulin concentrations following oral glucose delivery.learn more about Gastric inhibitory peptide here: https://brainly.com/question/13048001
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In the Channel Islands Ecosystem described in this lesson, which of the organisms would you
describe as the keystone species? Provide evidence from the information above and scientific
reasoning from the ideas you learned throughout the unit.
Answer:when visiting the Channel Islands, you can't help but be amazed by creatures such as the island fox, night lizard, deer mouse, island scrub jay, and ashy storm-petrel, just to name a few of the endemic species. The Channel Islands were also once home to the pygmy mammoth, a now extinct dwarf elephant that evolved in this insular environment.
Along with these endemic species are many of what biologists call invasive species, species that originated from elsewhere but have found a home in the Channel Islands. These include sweet fennel, olive trees, and Australian blue gum trees. For a time, elk and deer could also be found here as well.
Explanation:
Poinsettias flower in December and January.
Which term best describes this kind of plant?
O A. Short-day plant
OB. Day-neutral plant
O C. Nonflowering plant
OD. Long-day plant
Evolution has wired the human brain to allocate more attention to __________________ stimuli. Evolution has wired the human brain to allocate more attention to __________________ stimuli.
Evolution has wired the human brain to allocate more attention to Dangerous or threatening stimuli.
Threat-detection mechanisms are expected to occur at a range of levels due to their evolutionary importance. A recent face recognition study reveals that when fresh stimuli are presented as fear-related, their processing is accelerated. This supports the existence of a sophisticated, context-sensitive threat-detection mechanism that is capable of adapting to the diverse and specific spatiotemporal characteristics of the environment.The evolutionary theory of emotion holds that our emotions exist because they play an adaptive function. People are more likely to succeed and survive when they respond swiftly to environmental cues as a result of emotions.learn more about threatening stimuli here: https://brainly.com/question/10608716
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In e. Coli, if rna polymerase is missing ________, then transcription initiation would not occur at the appropriate initiation sites.
The sigma factor
About sigma factor:
In order for transcription to begin in bacteria, a protein called a sigma factor (also known as a specificity factor) is required. It is a bacterial transcription initiation factor that permits RNA polymerase (RNAP) to specifically bind to gene promoters. It shares homology with the eukaryotic factor TFIIB and the archaeal transcription factor B.
What is RNA?
An intermediary enzyme called ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase is in charge of converting gene sequences into RNA-based genetic material that may be used for protein synthesis.
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Which are characteristics of epithelial cells? Select two options.
Answer:
Epithelial tissue is composed of cells laid out in sheets with strong cell-to-cell attachments. These protein connections hold the cells together to form a tightly connected layer that is avascular but innervated in nature.
The epithelial cells are nourished by substances diffusing from blood vessels in the underlying connective tissue. One side of the epithelial cell is oriented towards the surface of the tissue, body cavity, or external environment and the other surface is joined to a basement membrane. The basement layer is non-cellular in nature and helps to cement the epithelial tissue to the underlying structures.
The long-standing debate over whether innate biology or environmental experience is the most critical factor in the development of human behavior is called
The long-standing debate over whether innate biology or environmental experience is the most critical factor in the development of human behavior is called Nature versus Nurture.
One of the oldest philosophical debates in psychology concerns the relationship between nature and nurture.
Nature includes all of the genes and inherited traits that shape who we are, from our physical qualities to our psychological traits.All the environmental factors that shape who we are, such as our early experiences, our upbringing, our social connections, and our surroundings' culture, are referred to as Nurture.One of the oldest debates in psychology is the relationship between nature and nurture. The main topic of discussion is how much genetic inheritance and environmental circumstances affect human development.
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which statements accurately describe slow-flowing areas of streams and rivers? Check all that apply.
The statements which accurately describe slow-flowing areas of streams and rivers include:
Slow flowing areas usually have warm water.Slow flowing areas usually support a lot of plant life.What is a Stream?This is referred to a body of water which flows in a continuous manner within the banks and beds.
Slow-flowing areas will support plant life due to reduced erosion and uprooting and also has warm water due to increased light concentration. This is therefore why the options were chosen as the most appropriate choice.
The options include the following:
Slow-flowing areas usually contain a lot of oxygen.Slow-flowing areas usually have warm water.Slow-flowing areas are usually found near the source.Slow-flowing areas usually have very clear water.Slow-flowing areas usually support a lot of plant life.Read more about Stream here https://brainly.com/question/24440283
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Hemispheric specialization makes having a stroke on the ________ side of the brain _________ to recover from than the opposite side.
Hemispheric specialization makes having a stroke on the left side of the brain more severe to recover from than on the opposite side.
Left hemisphere stroke :
When the blood flow towards the left hemisphere of the brain is reduced it causes a stroke. When the left side of the hemisphere gets a stroke it causes paralysis of the right side of the body. It affects the speech of the person. A person is not able to read, write, talk, walk, vision gets blurry, etc. This condition is severe and is not recoverable as it occurs in the left side of the brain. In severe cases, the person can go into a coma.
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Which process is represented by the diagrams below?
TIME
(1) water cycle destruction
(2) nitrogen fixation
(3) biological control
(4)ecological succession
Answer:
I found the correct answer
(4) ecological succession
Explanation:
ecological succession means the process by which the mix of species and habitat in an area changes over time
you can see also in the picture
How does codominance at the molecular level help to explain why evolutionary processes haven't resulted in the elimination of the sickle-cell allele among people of African descent
Heterozygous individuals have both normal and sickle-cell hemoglobin in their red blood cells and reduced vulnerability to malaria.
What is codominance?In terms of genetics, codominance is a sort of inheritance in which two distinct expressions (alleles) of the same gene result in distinct features in a person.
The expression of both alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote is codominant. Offspring are produced as a result, and their phenotype is neither dominant nor recessive. According to the notion of incomplete dominance, this sort of inheritance happens when the phenotype is in between that of the parents and that of the child.
Red blood cells with the A antigen are represented by the IA allele, whereas red blood cells with the B antigen are represented by the IB allele. Since both the normal and sickled shapes can be seen in the blood, the allele is codominant in this way. Consequently, having two recessive alleles causes one to have type O blood.
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How does the energy move from organism to organism in the food chain (who eats who)?
Answer:
predators consuming prey transfers the energy that the prey original received from plants which get their energy from the sun