A scientist claims that Elysia chlorotica, a species of sea slug, is capable of photosynthesis. Which of the following observations provides the best evidence to support the claim?

in a group of 500 people, the frequency of genotype nn is 40%. assuming both autosomal inheritance and that the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium, 232  individuals would you expect to have the mn genotype.

A genotype is heritable genes passes from parents to offspring; These genes involve in encoding specific features and the characteristics can be physically expressed in an organism called as phenotype.

The genotypes of the gene can be present in three form on the basis of allele arrangement such as homozygous dominant (PP), Heterozygous (Pp) and Homozygous recessive (pp).

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The correct order of translation going by the illustration would be 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 6.

The translation is a process of gene expression during which the genetic codes in an mRNA chain are translated to their respective amino acids which are then linked by peptide bonds to form proteins.

The first step in the translation process is the binding of mRNA to the ribosome. The rRNA then reads the start codon on the mRNA to signal the beginning of the translation process.

Another RNA, the tRNA carrying anticodons then begins to match up with the complimentary codons on the mRNA, releasing the respective amino acid for each codon in the process.

The ribosome creates a bond between successive amino acids while the chain of amino acids continues to grow until the stop codon is reached. Thereafter, the amino acid chain is folded into protein.

Thus, the correct order of the process is 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 6.

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Option A) True , that reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates produced by phagocytic cells are effective in killing invading microorganisms.

Superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals are examples of reactive oxygen species that have long been thought to limit bacterial development in crucial microorganisms environments and even to shape microorganisms communities. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can harm the fundamental components of a cell, such as DNA, protein, and lipids. An enzyme called a NO synthase converts L-arginine into the reactive nitrogen intermediate (RNI) nitric oxide (NO. ), microorganisms is then followed by secondary reactions that result in the formation of the hazardous intermediates nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate. But nitrite also has hazardous qualities.

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The polarity-based collision with aqueous blood causes glucose, which is primarily composed of hydrogen and oxygen as well as carbon, to dissolve in the blood.

Glucose is defined as a straightforward sugar having the chemical formula C6H12O6. The most prevalent monosaccharide, a type of carbohydrate, is glucose. The bloodstream carries glucose to the cells.

Lipids are mostly composed of carbon and hydrogen, which prevents the same attraction from occurring and renders them intractable. It can be packaged and transparent with lipoproteins thanks to its simplified architecture.

Thus, the polarity-based collision with aqueous blood causes glucose, which is primarily composed of hydrogen and oxygen as well as carbon, to dissolve in the blood.

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Answer: Lens

Explanation:

Behind the iris, the lens is made up of transparent proteins called crystallin and supported by ciliary muscles. It bends the light rays passing through it, to fall on retina where receptor cells sense.

DNA replication results in the formation of 2 identical copies of a cell's genome.

Replication is the process of making identical copies of the DNA. It occurs in the nucleus of the eukaryotic organism and in the nucleoid of the prokaryotes. The most essential enzyme required for replication is DNA polymerase. Each strand of DNA acts as a template for replication to occur.

Genome refers to the complete genetic material of an organism. Each cell of an organism's body is composed of the entire genome in its nucleus. The genome is composed of the entire double-stranded DNA composed of various multiple genes.

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loosely aggregated dna bound to proteins in a eukaryotic cell is called as chromatin. when the cell divides, this condenses into chromosomes.

Special proteins (histones) in the nucleus bundle the DNA double helix into a structure known as chromatin. To create the chromosome, the chromatin goes through further condensation. Because of this, chromosomes are the higher order of DNA organization while chromatin is of a lower order. The number of chromosomal pairs in an organism is used to measure its genetic makeup. Humans contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, for instance. The majority of live cells include a compact structure of nucleic acids and proteins called a nucleus that houses genes, which convey genetic information.

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Answer:

A. pharynx

B. duodenum

C. esophagus

D. stomach

Explanation:

The area of the lumen that will be available for the flow of blood would be 6.908  [tex]mm^2[/tex].

The area of the lumen is given by:

π[tex]r^2[/tex]

The diameter of a surface is usually the radius multiplied by 2. Thus with 4.0 mm diameter, the radius can be calculated as:

4.0/2 = 2 mm

Using this to calculated the area of the lumen:

Area of lumen = 3.14 x 2 x 2

                        = 12.56 [tex]mm^2[/tex]

In other words, the area of the lumen when it is completely free is 12.56 [tex]mm^2[/tex]. However, 45% of this area has been blocked by the deposition of cholesterol.

45/100 x 12.56 = 5.652  [tex]mm^2[/tex]

The area of the lumen that is available for blood flow would then be:

12.56 - 5.652 = 6.908  [tex]mm^2[/tex]

In other words, the area of the lumen that would be available for blood flow is  6.908  [tex]mm^2[/tex].

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According to the picture, the conclusion that statins reduce the risk of cardiovascular heart attacks is not definitive because we need to have  statistically significant data results in order to reach such conclusion.

Statistically, significant data results can be defined as any type of data based on statistics that can only be obtained by using an N sample that is big enough to reach some type of conclusion regarding experimental data.

According to the picture, we can not be conclusive about data because we need to calculate the statistically significant parameters such as the p-value in order to determine if the data adjusts to the working hypothesis (in this case statins reduce the risk of cardiovascular heart attacks).

Therefore, with this data, we can see that statistically significant data results are fundamental to reaching any type of conclusion after experimental research.

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Answer:

bacteria that cause periodontal disease adhere to teeth.

Explanation:

Option B: removes the faulty gene and replaces it with a working gene,  best explains the use of DNA technology in curing genetic diseases with gene therapy

Gene therapy is a medical strategy that addresses the underlying genetic issue in order to treat or prevent disease. Instead of utilizing drugs or surgery, gene therapy procedures allow doctors to treat a problem by changing a person's genetic composition.

The first gene therapy technique, also known as gene transfer or gene addition, was created to:

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Red eyes are more prevalent than green eyes in fruit flies. AaBb x aabb would be the offspring of a cross between such a short-winged, green-eyed fly as well as a long-winged, red-eyed fly.

The parents are homogeneous for these recessive features because red eyes are dominant over green eyes and large wings were dominant over small wings. A short-winged, green-eyed parent's genotype is aabb, and a long-winged, red-eyed parent's genotype is AaBb.

Red-eyed and green-eyed offspring are produced in a ratio of 1:1, as are offspring with long and short wings. One dominant and one recessive offspring result from a cross involving heterozygous dominant & homozygous recessive genes. This indicates that the parent fly's large wings and red eyes are heterozygous for the color of the eye.

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Answer:

microfossil

Explanation:

because it is not

The free energy that is released as electrons are passed from photosystem-ii through a series of electron carriers is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient.

When there are enough protons, the proton gradient controls the forming of ATP. So a gradient allows cells to save protons as "loose change," which makes all the difference — the distinction among growth and no growth, life and no life.

A proton gradient is formed between the intermembranous storage and the inner mitochondrial membrane by the Krebs cycle. The energy required to move the proton through the ATP synthase is provided by this proton gradient. Without a proton gradient, protons will not circulate through ATP synthase, and thus no ATP will be produced.

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The predicted precipitation for the Salem, OR, area is mixed precipitation, as shown in purple and as shown in the second option, and on the map, different geographical areas are shown.

The map is important as it explains the different regions of the earth and their climate, geographic behavior, etc. and gives an idea of population, animals, plants, and human behavior. Depending upon the map, the biodiversity, the rain pattern, etc. are seen.

Hence, the predicted precipitation for the Salem, OR, area is mixed precipitation, as shown in purple and as shown in the second option, and on the map, different geographical areas are shown.

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Glycolysis, which provides energy by breaking down carbohydrates like glucose, relates to activities lasting  Option A.  Generally less than 3 minutes.

Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that breaks down glucose into two 3-carbon compounds and generates electricity. Glucose is trapped through phosphorylation, with the help of the enzyme hexokinase. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used in this reaction and the product, glucose-6-P, inhibits hexokinase.

Carbohydrates, or carbs, are sugar molecules. together with proteins and fat, carbohydrates are one of 3 fundamental vitamins located in food and drink. Your frame breaks down carbohydrates into glucose. Glucose, or blood sugar, is the main supply of power on your body's cells, tissues, and organs.

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At an archeological site, you discover a bone that is cylindrical in shape,  An a quarter of an inch wide is classified as Option c) long.

Archaeology is the study of the past of humanity via tangible artefacts. Any item that people developed, altered, or utilised can be considered one of these remains.

Typically, artefacts are portable remains. Tools, apparel, and ornaments are examples of artefacts. Features are immobile remains, such as postholes or pyramids.

Archaeologists study artefacts and landscape elements to understand how humans lived in particular eras and locations. They are interested in how these people lived their daily lives, how they were governed, how they interacted with one another, and what their beliefs and values were.

Sometimes, the only indicators of an ancient culture or civilisation are artefacts and traits. We cannot read about prehistoric civilizations since no written records of them have survived.

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By burning fossil fuels, 3.3 billion tonnes of this enormous amount are kept in the atmosphere. Burning fossil fuels results in an annual release of 5.5 billion tons of carbon. 3.3 billion tons of this enormous amount are retained in the atmosphere.

Decomposing plants and animals make up fossil fuels. The crust of the Earth contains these fuels, which can be burned to produce energy. One example of a fossil fuel is coal, which also includes natural gas and oil.

Plankton and plant matter are converted into fossil fuels after spending millions of years underground. Plankton decays into natural gas and oil, whereas plants turn into coal. Humans currently use coal mining, offshore oil and gas drilling, and other methods to extract these resources.

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option b

The repeating unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the myofibril.

Quantum mottle term is used to describe image noise caused by an insufficient number of x-ray photons interacting with a digital image receptor.

A sort of radiographic noise known as quantum mottle is inversely proportional to the number of x-ray photons that leave the patient and create the radiographic image. Images will appear gritty or sandlike if there are fewer photons that reach the image receptor, causing an unfavorable fluctuation in picture densities.Due to a mistake in the predetermined exposure settings, quantum mottle noise is caused by an ineffective number of photons reaching the imaging plate (mAs and kVp). This may result in a grainy image, which can be easily fixed by modifying the mAs or kVp, depending on which is more appropriate for the clinical situation.

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Adaptation is a specially developed characteristic that enables an organism to live in a specific environment.

"Adaptation is the feature of an organism's behaviour or physical makeup that enhances the organism's capacity for survival in its environment."

Living things adjust to their environment to survive. This is so that they can live, thanks to unique characteristics. These unique characteristics have evolved as a result of gene mutation during evolution. These mutations aid in reproduction and survival and are passed down from generation to generation.

For living things to survive, adaptation is crucial. Animals that can't shift with their surroundings pass away. Genetic alterations have led to these adaptations. The altered genes are passed on to the next generation of animals by the survivors.

Examples:

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By Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium the frequency of p is 0.4.

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium is an important fundamental principal of population genetics, which states that genotype frequencies in a population remain constant between generations in the absence of disturbance by outside factors.

For populations in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the equation connects allele frequencies to genotype frequencies. This equation allows us to compare a population's genetic structure in reality over time to the expected genetic structure if the population were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

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Flying squirrels (same species) competing with each other for truffles is an example of intraspecific competition.

When individuals from the same species have an impact on the growth as well as reproduction of other members of the same species by sharing limited resources. The scramble competition. When competition depletes a resource with an equal impact on all members of a species.

Intraspecific competition seems to be competition between members of the same species, such as emperor penguins competing for nesting grounds. Interspecific competition occurs when two or more species compete for the same carcass, such as vultures and wild dogs. Natural systems have a tendency to progress toward greater disorder but rather randomness. Entropy is a measure of a system's degree of randomness as well as disorder.

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The study of the distribution of plants and animals, the diverse spatial patterns they create, and the physical and biological processes that produce earth's species richness is called Biogeography.

Species are the lowermost level of classification in the hierarchy of classification of organisms. It consists of similar type of organisms that occupy the same habitat and require same resources. The most important criteria to be called as the same species is the ability to breed among themselves and produce an offspring similar to them.

Biogeography enables to study the distribution as well as the reason for distribution of the organisms on different parts of the earth. There are three main fields of biogeography. They are:  1) historical, 2) ecological, and 3) conservation.

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Explanation:

Subunits of protein called capsomers

Examples of ART include invitro fertilization (IVF), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), pronuclear fallopian tube transfer (PROST), fallopian tube embryo transfer (TET), and fertilized egg intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT).

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is used to treat infertility. This includes fertility treatments that treat both eggs and sperm. It works by removing the egg from the ovary. The egg is then mixed with sperm to create an embryo. By this definition, ART includes all fertility treatments involving either oocytes or embryos. Generally, ART procedures involve surgically removing an egg from a woman's ovary, combining the egg with sperm in a laboratory, and either returning it to the woman's body or donating it to another woman. Unlike animal species that mostly rely on se-xual reproduction, some plants reproduce se-xually and others asexu-ally. Sexual reproduction in plants is usually dependent on pollinators, whereas ase-xual reproduction is independent of these pathogens.

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Genetic information, along with an understanding of the process of descent with modification, enable scientists to reconstruct phylogenies that extend hundreds of millions of years back in time. Phylogeny is the study of evolutionary relationships between species, and understanding these relationships is essential for understanding the history of life on Earth.

Comparative genetics is the primary tool used to reconstruct phylogenies. In this technique, scientists compare the genetic sequences of different organisms to determine how closely related they are. By looking at the similarities and differences in the genetic sequences of different species, scientists can trace the evolutionary relationships between them. For example, the genetic sequences of humans and chimpanzees are very similar, indicating that humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor.

Scientists can also use the fossil record to reconstruct phylogenies. Fossils provide direct evidence of the evolutionary history of species, as they are the preserved remains of the organisms that lived in the past. By examining the fossil record, scientists can determine how long ago two species diverged from a common ancestor.

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