410A is a commonly used refrigerant. What
is the energy change when 100. g of 410A
goes from -40.0 °C to -60.0 °C?
Heating Curve Data for Coolant 410a
Boiling Point (°C)
-51.53
AHvap (kJ/kg)
276.2
Specific Heat, gas (kJ/kg K)
0.823
Specific Heat, liquid (kJ/kg K)
1.84
q = [?] kJ
Do not round until the end. Include either a + or -
sign AND the magnitude.
q, (kJ)
Enter

a) If the amount of reactants (NaOH and HCl) is halved then the water produced in the reaction is also halved.

b) The net ionic equation for the reaction can be written as:

H⁺ (aq)  + OH⁻ (aq)  →  H₂O (l)

The net ionic equation of a reaction can be described as an equation that represents in terms only those elements, ions, or compounds, that directly contributed to the reaction.

We can write a chemical equation for the reaction of HCl and NaOH:

HCl(aq) +  NaOH (aq)  →  NaCl (aq)  +  H₂O (l)

The complete ionic equation of the given reaction is can be written for the above reaction is:

H⁺ (aq) + Cl⁻ (aq)  +  Na⁺ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq) → Cl⁻ (aq)  +  Na⁺ (aq) +  H₂O (l)

In the ionic equation, the Na⁺  and Cl⁻ ions appear unchanged on both sides of the equation. When we mix the two solutions, neither the Na⁺  nor Cl⁻ ions participate in the reaction. So Na⁺  and Cl⁻ ions can be eliminated from the complete ionic equation.

H⁺ (aq)  + OH⁻ (aq)  →  H₂O (l)

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Commercial antacids contain a wide variety of basic substances as their active ingredient, including calcium, magnesium, and aluminium salts.

What are Antacids?

Antacids are medications that counteract (neutralise) your stomach's acid to ease heartburn and indigestion. They are available without a prescription from pharmacies and stores and come in liquid or chewable tablet form. Gel composed of aluminium hydroxide is an example of an antacid.

What should you take as a natural antacid?

A natural antacid is baking soda, sometimes referred to as sodium bicarbonate. A teaspoon of baking soda dissolved in 8 ounces of water can be consumed to briefly reduce heartburn and neutralise stomach acid.

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Commercial antacids contain a wide variety of basic substances as their active ingredient, including calcium, magnesium, and aluminium salts.

Antacids are medications that counteract (neutralise) your stomach's acid to ease heartburn and indigestion. They are available without a prescription from pharmacies and stores and come in liquid or chewable tablet form. Gel composed of aluminium hydroxide is an example of an antacid.

A natural antacid is baking soda, sometimes referred to as sodium bicarbonate. A teaspoon of baking soda dissolved in 8 ounces of water can be consumed to briefly reduce heartburn and neutralise stomach acid.

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Considering the Brønsted–Lowry theory, the conjugate base of HBrO₂ is BrO₂⁻.

A Brønsted-Lowry acid is any species capable of donating a proton (H⁺).

A Brönsted-Lowry base is a substance capable of gaining or accepting a proton (H⁺).

Then a proton transfer occurs that requires the presence of a proton donor, that is, an acid and a base that accepts them.

When an acid donates H+, the species that remains is called the conjugate base of the acid because it reacts as a proton acceptor in the reverse reaction. Likewise, when a base accepts H+, it becomes its conjugate acid.

Considering the definition of conjugate base, the conjugate base of HBrO₂ will be BrO₂⁻ because the Brønsted-Lowry acid, HBrO₂, donates an H⁺.

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For more than 150 years, nitrous oxide has been used as a clinical anesthetic. When combined with an anesthetic gas scavenging system, an efficient room heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system.

This Alert provides control strategies for preventing or significantly reducing N2O exposure during anesthetic gas administration. The danger of anesthetic toxicity has been proven to be decreased by epinephrine's ability to prolong sensory nerve blockage and delay local anesthetics' absorption into the body. In some circumstances, additions like tramadol, buprenorphine, dexamethasone, and clonidine seem to work well. N2O is employed as an anesthetic agent* in veterinary, medical, and dental operating rooms. Additionally, this gas is used to nitrate alkali metals, oxidize organic molecules, and foam whipped cream.

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What is genetic modified organisms?

genetically modified organism (GMO) is associate animal, plant, or germ whose DNA has been altered victimization gene-splicing techniques. For thousands of years, humans have used breeding ways to change organisms.

Many GMO crops are wont to create ingredients that Americans eat adore cornstarch, corn syrup, corn oil, soybean oil, canola oil, or coarse sugar. many contemporary fruit and vegetables are on the market in GMO varieties, together with potatoes, summer squash, apples, papayas, and pink pineapples

Hence solutions are:

The response proposes an answer such as the subsequent for decreasing the full quantity of chemical pesticides employed in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for agriculture:

Use genetically changed organisms () that are designed for gadfly resistance. observe integrated pest-management techniques to regulate pests.

Hence use of Genetic modified organisms is solution.

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The atomic structure for the following atoms is attached below and number of valence electrons in sodium, chlorine,carbon are 1,7,4 respectively.

An atom is defined as the smallest unit of matter which forms an element. Every form of matter whether solid,liquid , gas consists of atoms . Each atom has a nucleus which is composed of protons and neutrons and shells in which the electrons revolve.

The protons are positively charged and neutrons are neutral and hence the nucleus is positively charged. The electrons which revolve around the nucleus are negatively charged and hence the atom as a whole is neutral and stable due to presence of oppositely charged particles.

Atoms of the same element are similar as they have number of sub- atomic particles which on combination do not alter the chemical properties of the substances.

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Answer: 2.4 x 0.5 = 1.2 grams

Explanation:

Bromine, selenium, arsenic, germanium has 4 shells around the nucleus.

The chemical elements are arranged in rows and columns in the periodic table, which is also known as the periodic table of the (chemical) elements.

It is commonly regarded as an icon of chemistry and is utilized extensively in physics, chemistry, and other sciences.

The periodic law, which asserts properties of chemical elements display a roughly periodic dependency on their atomic numbers, is graphically expressed in this way.

Four blocks, or roughly rectangular sections, make up the table. Periods and groups are the names of the table's rows and columns, respectively.

The chemical properties of elements in the same group on the periodic table are similar. The periodic table shows trends, with the proportion of non-metallic elements rising from left to right over time.

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When nitrogen-14 is bombarded with an alpha particle, a proton is ejected and oxygen is formed.

Equation of the reaction is :

₇N + ₂alpha particle → ₁P + ᵃX

Balance the atomic number of the equation:

7 + 2 = 1 + a

a = 8

Balance the atomic mass of the equation:

14 + 4 = 1 + b

b = 17

So, the element with atomic number 8 is oxygen and its mass is 17.

Alpha particle, also referred to as alpha rays or alpha radiation, encompass  protons and  neutrons bound collectively into a particle same to a helium-4 nucleus. they're generally produced within the technique of alpha decay, but will also be produced in other approaches.

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The bond enthalpy of the bond formed between chlorine and ozone is the 122.8 kJ

Definition of Hess's Law,

Hess's law states that the "increase in enthalpy in a chemical reaction i.e., reaction heat at constant pressure is independent of the process between the initial and final states".

Inverse equation (1): Cl (g) + 2O₂ (g) → Cl) (g) + O₃ (g)   ∆H = +122.8 kJ / mol (NOTE: change in sign of ∆H)

Copy equation (2): 2O₃ (g) → 3O₂ (g)  ∆H = -285.3 kJ / mol

Adding the 2 equations we get:

2O₃ (g) + Cl (g) + 2O₂ (g) → Cl (g) + O₃ (g) + 3O₂(g) and cancel common species.

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True , transition metal ions regulated oxygen evolution reaction performance of ni-based hydroxides hierarchical nanoarrays.

Transition metals are part of the d block, which means that the d sublevel of electrons is being filled with up to ten electrons. Many transition metals are incapable of losing enough electrons to achieve the noble-gas electron configuration. Ions are formed when transition metals lose s electrons. Transition metals produce a variety of ions with varying charges. The electrons in the's' orbital have more energy than the electrons in the 'd' orbital. As a result, removing those two electrons becomes much easier. As a result, the transition metal can easily form ions with a +2 charge.

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The carboxylic acid initially transforms into an ammonium salt, which, when heated, yields an amide. Solid ammonium carbonate is added to an excess of acid to create the ammonium salt.

For instance, ammonium ethanoate is produced by mixing too much ethanoic acid with ammonium carbonate.

2CH3COOH+(NH₄)2CO₃→2CH₃COONH₄+H₂O+CO₂(1)

When the reaction gets completed, the mixture is heated and the ammonium salt dehydrates producing the ethanamide.

CH₃COONH₄→CH₃CONH₂+H₂O

The extra ethanoic acid is needed to stop the ammonium salt from dissociating before it dehydrates. When heated, ammonium salts frequently separate into ammonia and the parent acid, then come back together when cooled. In this scenario, ammonia would escape from the reaction mixture and be lost if dissociation occurred. There could be no recombination. Dissociation can be reversed:

CH₃COONH₅(s)⇌CH₃COOH(l)+NH₃(g)

The presence of the excess ethanoic acid helps to prevent it from happening by moving the position of equilibrium to the leftside of the reaction.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The skeleton equation for the complete combustion of propane (C3H8) is:

C3H8 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O

The balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propane (C3H8), including all states of matter, is:

2 C3H8 (g) + 9 O2 (g) -> 6 CO2 (g) + 8 H2O (g)

In this equation, the propane (C3H8) is in the gaseous state, and the oxygen (O2) and the products (CO2 and H2O) are also in the gaseous state. This equation shows that when propane (C3H8) undergoes complete combustion, it reacts with oxygen (O2) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) as products. The coefficients in front of each chemical species indicate the number of moles of each substance that are involved in the reaction.

Copper metal has a mole weight of 0.45 moles. the complementary interaction of copper and aluminum. 0.45 moles of copper nitrate.

Sodium is created when sodium chloride and silver nitrate combine. Next, we must determine how many moles of each reactant there are. This molarity concentration unit connects moles of solute to volume of solution. Chemical processes are expressed in terms of moles of reactants and products. Aluminum oxide is created when aluminum and oxygen react.  The lowest set of whole number coefficients in a balanced equation.

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When blood sodium (Na) is too low or blood potassium (K) is too high, the hormone aldosterone is released by the zona glomerulosa.

Aldosterone is produced exclusively in the globular zone under specific regulatory pathways. This steroid hormone plays an important role in maintaining water volume sodium and potassium balance and regulates blood pressure.

Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone that plays a central role in regulating blood pressure and sodium and potassium levels in the blood. Above each kidney is an adrenal gland. Like many glands, the adrenal gland works in conjunction with the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The adrenal glands produce and release corticosteroid hormones and epinephrine that maintain blood pressure and regulate metabolism.

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Ernest Rutherford model :- Rutherford directed the Geiger-Marsden experiment in 1909 which suggested upon Rutherford's 1911 analysis  , that Thomsan' plum pudding model of the atom was incorrect.

Rutherford's new model for atoms based on the experimental results ,contained new features of relatively high central charge concentrated into a very small volume un comprision to rest of the atom and with this central volume also containing the bulk of atomic mass of the atom. This region would be known as nucleus.

Rutherford's experiment:- A famous  experiment "gold foil experiment" in which Rutherford observed that the the atom has a tiny and heavy nucleus. He designed an experiment to use the alpha particles emitted by radioactive element. He saw that most of the beams went straight through the foil but a few were deflected.

Rutherford propose his own physical model for sub atomic structure on the basis of his experimental observation. In this, the atom is made up of a central charge surrounded by cloud of orbiting electrons. Later the region of Central charge names as nucleus. Rutherford didn't use the word nucleus.

After Rutherford's discovery scientists started to realise that the atom is not a single particle, but it is made up of far smaller subatomic particles. Scientists eventually discovered that atoms have positively charged nucleus in the center.  Later scientists also found expected number of electrons in atom by using x-ray.

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The calcium molecule undergoes oxidation while zinc molecule undergoes reduction during the redox reaction.

What is redox ?

It is a type of reaction in which there is an exchange of electron between two reactant species. During which one reactant under reduction and the other reactant undergoes oxidation.

Let the atoms in it ionic form-

[tex]Ca (s) + Zn^{2+} (aq)[/tex] →  [tex]Zn (s) + Ca^{2+} (aq)[/tex]

Oxidation :

[tex]Ca (s)[/tex] → [tex]Ca^{2+} (aq) + 2e^{-}[/tex]

Reduction :

[tex]Zn^{2+} (aq) + 2e^{-}[/tex] → [tex]Zn (s)[/tex]

Hence we can see that in the following redox reaction, calcium changes its oxidation state from 0 to +2 and zinc changes its oxidation state from +2 to 0 as it undergoes reduction.

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A 14.585 g sample of CaCl2 was added to 12.283 g of K2CO3 and mixed in water. A 3.573 g yield of CaCO3 was obtained., Limiting reagent is K2CO3,percent yield of CaCO3 = 40.20 %

molar mass of CaCO3 = 100.0869 g/mol ,then 0.0888 mole  = 0.0888 \times 100.0869 = 8.8877 gm. 8.8877 of CaCO3 is theoritical yield = 100% yield then 3.573 gm =3.573 \times 100 /8.8877 = 40.20 %,percent yield of CaCO3 = 40.20 %. Limiting reagents are drugs that are totally engulfed when a chemical reaction is completed. They are also recognised as limiting reactants or limiting agents. A set sum of reagents is needed for the finalisation of a chemical reaction, according to stoichiometry. Excess reagents are limiting reactant that aren't absorbed when a chemical reaction is finished. The limiting reagent is the reactant that has totally used up or responded since its quantity restricts the number of products formed.

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Quarks and leptons are considered fundamental particles of matter. Therefore, option 2 is correct.

An elementary particle, also known as a fundamental particle, is a subatomic particle that is not connected to any other particle. Leptons and quarks are two significant elementary particles. There are six different types of quarks and leptons as well as three generations of matter. Protons and neutrons, on the other hand, are no longer regarded as fundamental particles. Instead, it is now thought that they are composed of smaller, more fundamental particles of matter, known as quarks. Leptons are elementary particles because they don't seem to be made of any other subatomic particles. Leptons can exist in two states: neutral or charged with one unit of electricity. The electrons, muons, and taus are considered charged leptons.

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Answer: What is an Atom?  The answer is the fundamental unit of matter

Explanation: EDG2023

The correct option is C Osmotic pressure

Only Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.

What is Osmotic pressure?

Osmosis is the process by which water moves from a region with a low concentration of solute to one with a greater concentration. Atoms, ions, or molecules dissolved in a liquid are known as solutes. The total amount of particles dissolved in the fluid determines the rate of osmosis. The rate of osmosis increases with the number of particles that dissolve.

Water will go to the region with the highest solute concentration if a membrane is present. The pressure produced by water across a membrane as a result of osmosis is known as osmotic pressure. The osmotic pressure rises in direct proportion to the amount of water crossing the membrane.

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Answer:

The products in the reaction are Fe and CO2. Fe2O3, also known as iron(III) oxide, reacts with CO to produce iron (Fe) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO and Fe2O3 are the reactants in the reaction.

Explanation:

In a chemical reaction, reactants are the substances that are combined to produce a new substance or substances. In this case, the reactants are Fe2O3 and CO, which are combined to form the products Fe and CO2. A product is the substance that is formed as a result of the chemical reaction. In this reaction, Fe and CO2 are the products.

The products of the reaction are Fe and CO2. Fe2O3, also known as iron(III) oxide, reacts with CO to make iron (Fe) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO and Fe2O3 are the reactants in the reaction. Therefore, option C is correct.

The term chemical reaction is defined as a process in which one or more substances, also called reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, called as products.

A chemical reaction rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to produce various products. The properties of the products differ from the properties of the reactants.

Reactants are the substances that combine in a chemical reaction to produce a new substance or substances. The reactants in this case are Fe2O3 and CO, which combine to form the products Fe and CO2. The substance formed as a result of the chemical reaction is referred to as a product. The products of this reaction are Fe and CO2.

Thus, option C is correct.

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With ammonia bicarbonate, calcium, and hydrochloric acid, the word equation for processes 3 and 4 is. 2NH4Cl + H2O + CO2 = 2HCl + (NH4)2CO3.

Chloride, carbon dioxide gas, and water are the byproducts of the reaction between calcium and hydrochloric acid. The unbalanced equation reads like this.

When its hydrogen ion interacts with the carbonate ions, carbonic acid is created. However, because carbonic acid is very unstable at standard atmospheric pressure and breaks down into both water and carbon dioxide, carbonate drinks release gas when they are opened. The metal ions then undergo a reaction with the chloride ions to create salts.

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The reaction: Mg(s) + 2AgNO₃(aq) → Mg(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2Ag(s) it represents the single replacement reaction.

Na₂SO4 (aq) + BaCl₂(aq) → BaSO₄(s) + 2NaCl(aq) it represents the Double displacement reaction.

A simple exchange reaction is one in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from brine. Compared to silver, magnesium easily loses electrons, leading to the formation of magnesium nitrate and silver.

A double displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which ion exchange occurs. Na₂SO₄ reacts with BaCl₂ to produce BaSO₄ and sodium chloride.

The balanced equation becomes:

Mg(s) + 2AgNO₃(aq) → Mg(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2Ag(s)

Na₂SO4 (aq) + BaCl₂(aq) → BaSO₄(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

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The equivalence point is reached after adding 20.77 mL of base. The molar mass of unknown acid is 60 g/mol

given that :

mass of the monoprotic acid = 0.125 g

molarity of NaOH = 0.1003 M

volume = 20.77 mL = 0.02077 L

the number of moles = molarity × volume in L

                                   = 0.1003 × 0.02077

                                   = 0.00208 mol

moles = mass / molar mass

molar mass = mass / moles

                    = 0.125 g / 0.00208 mol

                    = 60 g /mol

Thus, A 0.125-gram sample of a monoprotic acid of unknown molar mass is dissolved in water and titrated with 0.1003 M NaOH. The equivalence point is reached after adding 20.77 mL of base.  the molar mass of the unknown acid is 60 g/mol.

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Among the given options, the pair that is most likely to form homogenous solution is  NF₃ and SO₂.

A homogenous solution is a solution that has a uniform distribution of the particles all over the solution.

Basically, to be a homogenous solution, both the solute and the solvent has to be in the same state and both of the has to be of the same nature i.e. Polar or Non-Polar.

Among the given options are CCl₄ and SCl₂, NF₃ and SO₂, CO and C₆H₆, NH₂CH₃ and CH₄.

Only the pair of  NF₃ and SO₂ are polar and found in same state at room temperature.

So,  NF₃ and SO₂ are most likely to form a Homogenous solution.

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Answer:

Ocean currents can affect the movement of ships in different ways, depending on the direction and strength of the current. In general, the most important ocean currents for container ships are the warm, eastward-flowing currents and the cold, westward-flowing currents. These currents are important because they affect the speed and direction of ships as they travel across the ocean. Some of the major ocean currents that are known to affect container ships include the Gulf Stream, the Kuroshio Current, and the Humboldt Current. These currents can have a significant impact on the route and speed of container ships, and ship operators must take them into account when planning their journeys.

Explanation:

When 1-propene and HBr are combined in the first reaction, an ionic mechanism drives the production of 2-bromo propane. When 1-propene and a bromine molecule interact for the second time.

Most often, molecules with excellent leaving groups connected to sp3 carbons are eliminated processes to produce alkenes. Examples of these reactions are the dehydrohalogenations with strong bases and the alcohol dehydrations catalyzed by acids.

Although alkenes can react in many different ways, electrophilic addition reactions are by far the most frequent. In an addition reaction, two smaller molecules are combined to form one larger molecule.

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True : Because of the difference in molar masses, any particle of gas a will be moving slower than any particle of gas b at the same temperature.

The molar mass of a chemical compound is determined in chemistry by dividing the mass of a sample of that compound by the quantity of that compound, which is the number of moles in that sample, measured in moles. A substance's molar mass is a bulk attribute rather than a molecular one. The compound's molar mass is an average over multiple samples, each of which will likely have a different mass because of the existence of isotopes. The molar mass is most frequently calculated from the standard atomic weights, making it a terrestrial average and a function of the relative abundance of the constituent atoms' isotopes on Earth. For converting between the mass of a material and the amount of a substance for bulk amounts, use the molar mass.

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If Antacid tablet weighed 1.6 grams the 0.015 moles of gastric acid will neutralized.

Antacids neutralize the gastric acid in stomach by stopping an enzyme that creates acid to break down food for digestion. The antacids act by neutralizing the acid in the stomach and by inhibiting pepsin which is a proteolytic enzyme.

1 gram Antacid neutralized HCL = 0.342 gram

This is calculated from the expression for equivalence point in the titration.

1.6 gram Antacid neutralized HCL is,

(  0.342gram HCL/  1 gram antacid ) . 1.6 gram antacid

= 0.5472 gram

Molar mass of HCL = 36.5 gram

Moles of HCL = 0.5472 gram / 36.5 gram = 0.01499

so, the moles of HCL is 0.015 mole.

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