1. Convection currents are caused by Differences in water density.
2. Feeling heat from a campfire is an example of heat transfer through convection.
3. Heat always flow from a warmer object to a cooler object.
4. The best description of convection is Heat transfer through movement in fluids.
Differential heating leads to convection currents. Warm, less dense, lighter material rises while cool, more dense, heavier material sinks. Convection currents are patterns of circulation that are produced by this movement in the Earth's mantle, oceans, and atmosphere.
The transfer of heat between two bodies by currents of moving gas or fluid is known as convective heat transfer. In free convection, air or water rises and is replaced by a cooler parcel of air or water as it moves away from the hot body.
Heat energy will always transfer from the warmer object to the cooler object under normal circumstances and in nature. Up until the two substances reach the same temperature, heat energy will transfer between them. The term "thermal equilibrium" describes this.
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Aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with solid sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) and liquid water (H2O). if 1.17 g of sodium chloride is produced from the reaction of 2.6 g of hydrochloric acid and 2.1 g of sodium hydroxide, calculate the percent yield of sodium chloride. Round to 2 sig figs
Taking into account definition of percent yield, the percent yield of sodium chloride is 38.11%.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
HCl: 1 moleNaOH: 1 moleNaCl: 1 moleH₂O: 1 moleThe molar mass of the compounds is:
HCl: 36.45 g/moleNaOH: 40 g/moleNaCl: 58.45 g/moleH₂O: 18 g/moleThen, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:
HCl: 1 mole ×36.45 g/mole= 36.45 gramsNaOH: 1 mole ×40 g/mole= 40 gramsNaCl: 1 mole ×58.45 g/mole= 58.45 gramsH₂O: 1 mole ×18 g/mole= 18 gramsLimiting reagentThe limiting reagent is one that is consumed first in its entirety, determining the maximum amount of product in the reaction.
Limiting reagent in this caseTo determine the limiting reagent, it is possible to use a simple rule of three as follows: if by stoichiometry 36.45 grams of HCl reacts with 40 grams of NaOH, 2.6 grams of HCl reacts with how much mass of NaOH?
mass of NaOH= (2.6 grams of HCl× 40 grams of NaOH)÷ 36.45 grams of HCl
mass of NaOH= 2.85 grams
But 2.85 grams of NaOH are not available, 2.1 grams are available. Since you have less mass than you need to react with 2.6 grams of HCl, NaOH will be the limiting reagent.
Percent yieldThe percent yield is the ratio of the actual return to the theoretical return.
The percent yield is calculated as the experimental yield divided by the theoretical yield multiplied by 100%:
percent yield= (actual yield÷ theoretical yield)×100%
where the theoretical yield is the amount of product acquired through the complete conversion of all reagents in the final product.
Theoretical yield of NaClConsidering the limiting reagent, the following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 40 grams of NaOH form 58.45 grams of NaCl, 2.1 grams of NaOH form how much mass of NaCl?
mass of NaOH= (2.1 grams of NaOH× 58.45 grams of NaCl)÷ 40 grams of NaOH
mass of NaOH= 3.07 grams
Then, the theoretical yield of NaCl is 3.07 grams.
Percent yield for the reaction in this caseIn this case, you know:
actual yield= 1.17 gramstheorical yield= 3.07 gramsReplacing in the definition of percent yields:
percent yield= (1.17 grams÷ 3.07 grams)×100%
Solving:
percent yield= 38.11%
Finally, the percent yield for the reaction is 38.11%.
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What is the name for potassium oxide's structure? Give two properties of potassium oxide.
Answer:
- The name for the potassium oxide's structure is ionic.
Properties:
- High melting point.
- Soluble in water.
Explanation:
- The ionic structure it is formed by a cation (atom with positive charge) and an anion (atom with negative charge). In this case, potassium is the cation and the oxigen is the anion.
- Since potassium oxide is an ionic compound, it has a high melting point, because of the strong bonds. Also, it is soluble in polar solvents, like water, because its ions generate polarity in the molecule.
The specific heat of a certain type of cooking oil is 1.75 J/(g-°C). How much heat energy is needed to raise the temperature of 2.74 kg of this oil from 23 °C to 191 °C?
The amount of heat energy needed to increase a substance's temperature by 1°C per unit mass is known as its specific heat capacity (or 1K). joule per kilogram per kelvin is the SI unit (Jkg-1K-1).
so,
805,560 Joules heat energy is needed to raise the temperature from 23 °C to 191 °C.
What is specific heat capacity and why is it important?A substance's potential to hold heat is indicated by its specific heat capacity. This substance size reflects the amount of heat required to raise a specific volume of a substance's temperature by one Kelvin. It is a distinguishing feature of every substance and is useful for material identification.The amount of heat energy needed to increase a substance's temperature by 1°C per unit mass is known as its specific heat capacity (or 1K). joule per kilogram per kelvin is the SI unit (Jkg-1K-1).The mass, temperature change, and solid's nature all affect heat capacity.Use the formula:
Q = cMΔT
where
Q = heat energy needed for that material to get desired temperature change (in Joules)
M = mass (in grams) so you have to convert from kilograms.
c = specific heat constant for the material being heated [in /(grams oC)]
ΔT = change in temperature (in oC)
Q = (1.75)(2.74 x 1000)(191 - 23) = (1.75)(2740)(168) = 805,560 Joules
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Q = cMΔT
where
Q is the amount of heat energy required to change the material's temperature.
You must convert from kilograms since M is mass (in grams).
c = the material's specific heat constant [in grams per degree Celsius]
T stands for temperature change (in oC)
Q is equal to (1.75 x 2.17 x 1000) (191 - 23) = (1.75 x 2170 x 168) = 637,980 Joules.
What does "specific heat capacity" mean?
In thermodynamics, a substance's specific heat capacity, commonly referred to as massic heat capacity, is calculated by dividing its heat capacity by its mass in a sample.
particular heat capacity's mathematical formula?
Delta T = Q=mc
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___Mg(s) + ___O2(g) ____Mg(s)
The balanced equation for the reaction above is: 2Mg(s) + O₂(g) = 2MgO(s).
What is meant by balancing chemical reactions?To balance a chemical reaction or equation, it simply means to make sure the total number of atoms of elements on the reactants side of the equation equals or is the same as the number of atoms in product side.
From the task given above, to balance the equation in the reaction between magnesium and oxygen to give the product, magnesium oxide:
Mg(s) + O₂(g) = MgO(s)
Since there are 2 oxygen atoms in reaction side and 1 oxygen atom at the product side, you'll add 2 to the product (MgO) so we can have the same number of oxygen atoms as the reactant side and complete it by adding 2 also to magnesium in the product side:
2Mg(s) + O₂(g) = 2MgO(s
So therefore, having the same atom numbers in both reactants and products side is the only way to balance chemical equation.
Complete question:
Balance the chemical reaction below:
___Mg(s) + ___O₂(g) ____MgO(s)?
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15.11 + (142 x 16.5) what is the solution to the correct number of significant figures
Answer:
2358
Explanation:
the whole answer is 2358.11
Answer question number 3. The question is in the image.
ANSWER
Octyne
EXPLANATION
Generally, an organic compound that has triple bond is called alkyne
The general formula for alkyne compound is given below as
[tex]\text{ C}_nH_{2n}[/tex]Where n is the number of carbon atom
[tex]\begin{gathered} \text{ n = 8} \\ \text{ C}_8H_{2\times8} \\ \text{ C}_8H_{16} \end{gathered}[/tex]Therefore, the answer is octyne
Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction at 25 ∘ C. Standard enthalpy of formation values can be found in this list of thermodynamic properties. 2CH3OH(g)+3O2(g)⟶2CO2(g)+4H2O(g)
The enthalpy of the reaction is obtained as -430.22 kJ/mol
What is the enthalpy change?The enthalpy change refers to the energy that is lost or gained in the reaction. Let us now look at the standard enthalpies of formation of the reactants and the products.
Standard enthalpy of formation of gaseous water = -241.82 kJ/mol
Standard enthalpy of formation of gaseous carbon dioxide = -393.5 kJ/mol
Standard enthalpy of formation of gaseous methanol = -205.10 kJ/mol
Standard enthalpy of formation of gaseous oxygen = 0 kJ/mol
Hence;
Using the formula;
Enthalpy of formation of the products - Enthalpy of formation of the reactants
ΔH = [(-393.5 ) + (-241.82)] - [(-205.10) + 0]
ΔH = (-635.32) + 205.10
ΔH = -430.22 kJ/mol
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chemistry homework help - letter BHot air is less dense than cold air and this si the reason that hot air balloons float. A hot air balloon on a cool summer morning is filled with air to a volume of 2.60x 10^6L and warmed to 195 degrees fahrenheit(90 degrees celsius). A hot air balloon must be inflated to a volume of approximately 2.80x10^6L in order to float in air. a. At constant pressure, provide a molecular level explanation of the relationship between temperature and volume of a gas.B. Calculate the temperature the gas must be in(celsius in order to float).
Answer: the volume air necessary must be at 117.93 °C to float
Explanation:
The question requires us to determine the final temperature of air in order to float in a hot air baloon, given its initial temperature and volume and the volume necessary for the baloon to float.
The following information was provided by the question:
initial volume = V1 = 2.60x 10^6 L
initial temperature = T1 = 90 °C
final volume = V2 = 2.80x10^6 L
Considering that the pressure remains constant, we can apply Charle's Law, which matematically states the relationship between temperature and volume of a gas at constant pressure:
[tex]\frac{V_1}{T_1}=\frac{V_2}{T_2}[/tex]Rearranging the equation to calculate the final temperature, we'll have:
[tex]T_2=\frac{V_2\times T_1}{V_1}[/tex]Note that the temperature must be used in Kelvin, as it refers to the absolute temperature of the gas. We can convert the initial temperature given from °C to K as:
[tex]\begin{gathered} T(K)=T(°C)+273.15 \\ T(K)=90°C+273.15=363.15K \end{gathered}[/tex]And, applying the values provided by the question:
[tex]T_2=\frac{(2.80\times10^6L)\times(363.15K)}{(2.60\times10^6L)}=391.08K[/tex]And we can conver this temperature from K to °C as:
[tex]\begin{gathered} T(K)=T(°C)+273.15\rightarrow T(°C)=T(K)-273.15 \\ T(°C)=391.08-273.15=117.93°C \end{gathered}[/tex]Therefore, the volume air necessary must be at 117.93 °C to float.
If 2.47 g of CuNO3 is dissolved in water to make a 0.820 M solution, what is the volume of the solution in milliliters?
volume:
Answer:
23.4 milliliters
Explanation:
Note 1: This answer assumes that the volume of CuNO3 is negligible
Note 2: CuNO3 can't be produced in any meaningful quantities and can't be obtained by the average chemist, maybe you meant Cu(NO3)2 instead?
From the definition of molarity, molarity = moles / volume
the number of moles is the number of grams divided by the molar mass, or
2.47 divided by 125.55 which is 0.01967
The M and moles is known so volume can be found.
0.82 = 0.01967 / volume
0.82 * volume = 0.01967
volume = 0.01967 / 0.82 = 0.023988 liters = 23.4 milliliters
If a solution containing 24.68 g of mercury(II) nitrate is allowed to react completely with a solution containing 7.410 g of sodium dichromate, How many grams of the reactant in excess will remain after the reaction?
The balanced equation is
[tex]Hg(NO_3)_2+Na_2Cr_2O_7\to HgCr_2O_7+2Na(NO_3)[/tex]We need the molar mass of each compound.
• The molar mass of Hg(NO3)2 is 324.7 g/mol.
,• The molar mass of Na2Cr2O7 is 261.97 g/mol.
,• The molar mass of HgCr2O7 is 416.58 g/mol.
,• The molar mass of 2Na(NO3) is 169.99 g/mol.
Then, we find the number of moles of each reactant.
• Moles of Hg(NO3)2 = 24.68g ÷ 324.7 g/mol = 0.076 mol.
,• Moles of Na2Cr2O7 = 7.41g ÷ 261.97 g/mol = 0.028 mol.
According to equation 1 mole of Hg(NO3)2 will react with 1 mole of Na2Cr2O7, which means 0.076 mol of Hg(NO3)2 has to react with 0.076 mol Na2Cr2O7, which is not possible because there are not enough moles to get 0.076 of Na2Cr2O7 in the reaction. Hence, Na2Cr2O7 is the limiting reactant and Hg(NO3)2 is the excess reactant.
Then, subtract the number of moles to obtain the excess:
The remaining moles from Hg(NO3)2 are: 0.076mol - 0.028 = 0.048 mol.
Therefore, the remaining excess reactant is 0.048 moles.
But, we need to transform it to grams using the molar mass of Hg(NO3)2.
[tex]0.048\text{mol}\cdot\frac{324.7g}{1\text{mol}}=15.59g[/tex]Therefore, the remaining mass of Hg(NO3)2. is 15.59 grams.
The correctly drawn Lewis structure for CBr4 will have1. 3 single bonds to carbon and 2 single bonds to a terminal bromine2. 2 single bonds to carbon and 2 double bonds to terminal bromine3. 4 single bonds to carbon4. 2 single bonds to carbon and 1 single bond to a terminal bromine5. 2 single bonds to carbon and 2 single bonds to terminal bromine
The Lewis structure of the carbon tetrabromide would have 4 single bonds to carbon
What is the correct structure?We know that the Lewis structure of a compound is the kind of structure that shows the symbols of the elements that are found in the compound along side the number of valence electrons that are present.
When we apply the Lewis structure to a molecule, we would see that the symbols of the atoms that can be found in the molecule would be shown as well as the number of valence electrons on the atoms of the elements in the molecule.
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How many moles are in .009 grams of Carbon?
The no. Of moles of carbon is found to be 7.5×10⁻⁴.
No. of moles are give by = Given mass/molar mass.
Given mass is 0.009g and the molar mass of carbon atom is 12g.
So, the no. Of moles are given by ,
No. Of moles = 0.009/12
= 0.00075 = 7.5×10⁻⁴mol.
The value of 6.023 x 10²³ is equal to one mole of any substance (Avogadro number). It can be used to quantify the chemical reaction’s by-products. The symbol for the unit is mol.
Carbon element is insoluble in water, diluted acids and bases, as well as organic solvents, carbon is an inert material. It combines with oxygen at high temperatures to generate carbon monoxide or dioxide. Diamond and graphite are two distinct allotropes, crystalline forms of the carbon atom.
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How do u do question 1b. Explain fully because i only got one mark from my answer here:Nonmetals will not conduct electricity on their own, but nonmetals from group 7 are very electronegative, and they are very likely to make bonds with metals from group 1 and 2, and these bonds will likely be ionic bonds, in which we have ions involved, and this is the case when we have conductivity, so if Bromine form a bond with metals, it will make ions and these ions when dissociated in a solution will cause the solution to conduct electricity.
A) The melting and boiling point of a compound depends on the elements, the bonds that form the molecule, and the geometry of the compound, so two compounds with a similar structure can have similar melting and boiling points.
Fluorethane has the molecular formula C2H5F, so poly(fluoroethane) may have a similar boiling point since its structure is similar.
B) This is because when a bond is formed, the chemical and physical properties of the compound change because there is a rearrangement of the electrons. So all the compounds that contain bromine will not have the same properties but it will depend on the elements with which they are linked and the type of link between them. If bromine bonds with an element with low electronegativity, such as a metal, for example, an ionic bond will be formed. This ionic bond with metal will give it different electrical properties and this compound can conduct electricity.
Predict the products for each of the following reactions. Write the molecular equation, the complete ionic equation, and the net ionic equation. Classify the reactions in as many ways as you can.
a. Aqueous copper (II) chloride is added to aqueous silver nitrate.
The molecular equation of the reaction of copper chloride and aqueous silver nitrate:
CuCl₂ (aq) + 2 AgNO₃ (aq) → Cu(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2AgCl (s)
The net ionic equation will be:
2Ag⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) → 2AgCl(s)
What are the net ionic equations?The net ionic equation can be described as an equation that represents only those elements, compounds, or ions that directly participated in that particular chemical reaction.
The balanced chemical equation reaction of copper chloride and aqueous silver nitrate:
CuCl₂ (aq) + 2 AgNO₃ (aq) → Cu(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2AgCl (s)
The complete ionic equation for the reaction can be represented as follows:
Cu²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) + 2Ag⁺(aq) + 2NO₃⁻ → Cu²⁺ (aq) + 2NO₃⁻(aq) + 2AgCl(s)
In the ionic equation, the copper and nitrate ions appear unchanged on both sides of the equation. When we mix the two solutions, the copper and nitrate ions do not participate in the reaction. So copper and nitrate ions can be eliminated from the ionic equation.
2Ag⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) → 2AgCl(s)
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What is the pH of a solution that is 0.67 M in sodium fluoride and 0.43 M in hydrofluoric acid?
Report your answer to 2 decimal places.
The pH of a solution that is 0.67 M in sodium fluoride and 0.43 M in hydrofluoric acid is 0.37
What is the pH of a solution?The pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.
pH = - log [H⁺]
The pH of the given solution is calculated as follows:
Concentration of the sodium fluoride solution = 0.67 M
Hydrogen concentration = 0
The concentration of the hydrofluoric acid solution = 0.43 M
Hydrogen concentration = 0.43 M
pH = - log(0.43)
pH = 0.37
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8) 0.450 moles of NaCl are dissolved in 145.0 mL of water. Calculate the molarity of the NaCl solution.
Molarity is a way of expressing the concentration of a solute in a solution, it is expressed with the term M and can be described by the following equation:
[tex]Molarity=\frac{MolesSolute}{Lsolution}[/tex]Moles of solute = 0.450 mol
Lsolution= Liters of water+Liters of NaCl
We will assume in this case that the volume of NaCl is negligible compared to the volume of water. Therefore, the volume of the solution will be 145.0 mL or 0.1450L
We replace the known data:
[tex]Molarity=\frac{0.450mol}{0.1450L}=3.1M[/tex]Answer: The molarity of the NaCl solution is 3.1M
Why D is the correct answer
Explanation:
Because during the phase transformation the pressure inside the closed container remains the same and that's a fact ay
Carlon is using two wooden blocks to model the movement of Earth’s plates. He pushes one block forward and the other block backward, rubbing their surfaces together.
Which Earth feature is he modeling?
Carlon is modelling the strike slip fault .
What is Strike Slip fault?Faults are known as displacement or fractures that occurs on Earth's crust arising from cracks as the movement of rocks continuosly slide against each other. They can be tiny without causing any cracks or very large cause noticeable defects between the rock layers.
A strike slip fault is also known as a Lateral fault zone.
Here, The fault shows how two blocks of the earth's crustal plates undergo a horizontally slip on a fault plane. This slip can case cracks which extends deep inside the crust causing continuos wear and tear as they rub on each other.
Most times this stretches and eventually causes earthquakes
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M
What volume of a 0.224 M perchloric acid solution is required to neutralize 26.0 mL of a 0.149 M calcium hydroxide
solution?
2reg
mL perchloric acid
Step 1 - Balancing the neutralization reaction
Since perchloric acid (HClO4) is an acid and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is a base, the reaction will be a neutralization. Note that HClO4 is a monoprotic acid, whereas Ca(OH)2 will liberate, by dissociation, two OH(-) groups. We will need thus two HClO4 (to liberate two H(+) and fully neutralize the OH(-) groups):
[tex]2\text{HClO}_{4(aq)}+Ca(OH)_{2(aq)}\rightarrow2H_2O_{(l)}+Ca(ClO4)_{2(aq)}[/tex]Step 2 - Discovering how many moles of Ca(OH)2 have reacted
Since the exercive gives us the volume (V) as well as the concentration ([ ])of Ca(OH)2, we can discover how many moles (n) of it reacted by using the following relation:
[tex]\lbrack\text{ }\rbrack=\frac{n}{V}\rightarrow n=\lbrack\text{ }\rbrack\times V[/tex]We already know that [Ca(OH)2] = 0.149 mol/L and V = 26 ml (0.026 L). The number of moles will be thus:
[tex]n=0.149\times0.026=3.87\times10^{-3\text{ }}moles\text{ }[/tex]Step 3 - Discovering how many moles of HClO4 have reacted
Looking at the equation in step 1 again:
[tex]2\text{HClO}_{4(aq)}+Ca(OH)_{2(aq)}\rightarrow2H_2O_{(l)}+Ca(ClO4)_{2(aq)}[/tex]We can see that 2 moles of HClO4 react with 1 mole of Ca(OH)2. This is a fixed proportion which means that we'll always need two times more HClO4 than Ca(OH)2.
The number of moles of HClO4 that reacted will be thus:
[tex]n_{\text{HClO}4}=2\times n_{Ca(OH)2}\rightarrow n_{\text{HClO}4}=2\times3.87\times10^{-3}=7.74\times10^{-3}\text{ moles}[/tex]The number of moles of HClO4 that reacted is thus 7.74*10(-3) moles.
Step 4 - Discovering the required volume of HClO4
Now that we know how many moles of HClO4 reacted and given that we also know the concentration (0.224 M), we can discover the volume by using the same formula as in step 2:
[tex]\lbrack\text{ }\rbrack=\frac{n}{V}\rightarrow V=\frac{n}{\lbrack\text{ }\rbrack}[/tex]Substituting the values on the equation, we get:
[tex]V=\frac{7.74\times10^{-3}\text{ moles}}{0.224\text{ moles/L}}=0.034\text{ L or 34 ml}[/tex]The required volume will be thus 34 ml.
Calculate the volume of an object with dimensions measuring: 12 cm x 3 cm x 9 cm?
Answer: 324 cm³
Explanation: Volume is calculated by the formula LxWxH (length times width times height). In your problem, it would just me 12x3x9. After that, just add units. :)
Use the chemical equation to complete the activity.
2Cu+S→Cu2S
Copper (Cu) reacts with sulfur (S) to form copper sulfide as shown in the equation. A scientist adds 12.7 grams of Cu to 3.2 grams of S to start the reaction. In this reaction, all of the copper and all of the sulfur react. Before running the experiment, the scientist expected the products of the reaction will be a total of 15.9 grams of copper sulfide (Cu2S). In 1–2 sentences, explain the law that the scientist used to predict that the product of the reaction would be 15.9 grams of copper sulfide.
The law the scientist used to predict that the product of the reaction would be 15.9 grams of copper sulfide is law of conservation of matter
Law of conservation of matterThe law of conservation of matter states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but can be transferred from one form to another.
The above law suggest that the total mass of reactants must equal to the total mass of the product obtained in a chemical reaction.
With the above information, we can obtain the mass of Cu₂S as follow:
2Cu + S → Cu₂S
Mass of Cu + mass of S = Mass of Cu₂S
12.7 + 3.2 = Mass of Cu₂S
Mass of Cu₂S = 15.9 grams
Thus, from the above illustrations, we can conclude that the law the scientist used was the law of conservation of matter
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Now that you have learned to balance equations using the models on the simulation. See if you can balance the(These are not found in the sim). Balance the reactions given
1)
Na3PO4 + H2SO4 => Na2SO4 + H3PO4
We must have the same number of atoms on both sides.
We start with Na,
2 Na3PO4 + H2SO4 =>3 Na2SO4 + H3PO4 (6 Na on both sides)
Then we proceed with P,
2 Na3PO4 + H2SO4 =>3 Na2SO4 +2 H3PO4 (2 P on both sides)
After that, we continue with S,
2 Na3PO4 + 3 H2SO4 =>3 Na2SO4 +2 H3PO4 (3 S)
The number of H and O are solved.
Answer: 2 Na3PO4 + 3 H2SO4 =>3 Na2SO4 +2 H3PO4
Determine the mass in grams of HCl that can react with 0.750 g of Al(OH)₃ according to the following reaction
Al(OH)₃(s) + 3 HCl(aq) → AlCl₃(aq) + 3 H₂O(aq)
How do i start this? I need to convert from moles to grams of HCI but not sure where to start
How does this simulation demonstrate Newton’s third law of motion?
Answer:
For every action, there is opposite and equal reaction
Calculate the pH values and the masses of dissolved compounds of the following solutions:
a) solution of HCl (M = 36.46 g/mol) with concentration 0,0025 M and volume 500 mL
b) solution of the base Ca(OH)2 (M = 74.09 g/mol) with concentration of 0,02 mol/L and volume 2 liters
Taking into account the definition of pH and pOH, you get:
a) the pH of a solution of HCl is 2.6 and its mass is 0.045575 grams.
b) the pH of a solution of Ca(OH)₂ is 12.61 and its mass is 2.9636 grams.
Definition of pHpH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution or substance.
The pH is defined as the negative base 10 logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions, that is, the concentration of hydrogen ions or H₃O⁺:
pH= - log [H⁺]
Definition of pOHpOH is a measure of hydroxyl ions in a solution and is expressed as the logarithm of the concentration of OH⁻ ions, with the sign changed:
pOH= - log [OH⁻]
Relationship between pH and pOHThe following relationship can be established between pH and pOH:
pOH + pH= 14
Strong acid and baseAn acid and a base are strong when they are completely ionized, that is, in the process of ionization they are completely transformed into cations or positive ions and anions or negative ions.
Then the initial concentration of the acid or base will be equal to the concentration for the anion and the cation.
Definition of molarityMolar concentration or molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution and indicates the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a given volume.
The molarity of a solution is calculated by:
molarity= number of moles÷ volume
Molarity is expressed in units moles/L.
Definition of molar massThe molar mass of substance is a property defined as its mass per unit quantity of substance, in other words, molar mass is the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.
pH and mass of a solution of HClYou know that:
[HCl]= 0.0025 MVolume= 500 mL= 0.500 L (being 1000 mL= 1 L)molar mass= 36.46 g/moleHCl is a strong acid. Then [HCl]= [H⁺]= 0.0025 M.
The pH of the solution can be calculated as:
pH= - log 0.0025 M
Solving:
pH= 2.6
The pH in this case is 2.6.
The amount of moles of HCl is calculated as:
number of moles= [HCl]× Volume
number of moles= 0.0025 M× 0.500 L
number of moles= 0.00125 moles
Finally, the mass of the solution of HCl is calculated as:
mass= number of moles× molar mass
mass= 0.00125 moles× 36.46 g/mole
mass= 0.045575 grams
Finally, the mass of the solution is 0.045575 grams.
pH and mass of a solution of Ca(OH)₂You know that:
[Ca(OH)₂]= 0.02 MVolume= 2 Lmolar mass= 74.09 g/moleCa(OH)₂ is a strong base. Then [Ca(OH)₂]= 0.02 M and [OH⁻]=2×[Ca(OH)₂]= 0.04 M since the compound forms 2 OH⁻.
The pOH of the solution can be calculated as:
pOH= - log 0.04
Solving:
pOH= 1.39
Replacing in the relationship between pH and pOH:
pH + 1.39= 14
Solving:
pH= 14 - 1.39
pH= 12.61
The pH in this case is 12.61.
The amount of moles of Ca(OH)₂ is calculated as:
number of moles= [Ca(OH)₂]× Volume
number of moles= 0.02 M× 2 L
number of moles= 0.04 moles
Finally, the mass of the solution of Ca(OH)₂ is calculated as:
mass= number of moles× molar mass
mass= 0.04 moles× 74.09 g/mole
mass= 2.9636 grams
Finally, the mass of the solution is 2.9636 grams.
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An excess of chromium metal is added to 500.0 mL of a 0.915 M AgNO3solution in a constant-pressure calorimeter. As a result of the reactionCr(s) + 2 AgNO3(aq)Cr(NO3)(aq) + 2 Ag(s)the temperature rises from 19.3 °C to 55.9 °C. Based on your previoustwo answers, calculate reaction (in J).Please help I don’t understand how i got it wrong :(
The enthalpy of the reaction is -164 kJ/mol.
What is the enthalpy of reaction?We know that the reaction that occurs between the chromium metal and the acid is an exothermic reaction thus there is an increase in the temperature of the system.
Number of moles of the silver nitrate solution is obtained from;
Volume * concentration
500/1000 L * 0.915 M = 0.46 moles
We can now assume that the density of the solution is 1 g/mL hence the mass of the solution is 500g. Let the specific heat capacity of the solution be 4.18 J/Kg/°C.
Then;
H = mcdT
H = Heat lost in the reaction
m = mass of the solution
c = specific heat capacity
dT = temperature change
H = 500 * 4.12 * ( 55.9 - 19.3)
= 75.4 kJ
The heat of reaction = 75.4 kJ/0.46 moles
= -164 kJ/mol
Let us recall that the negative simply means that heat was lost in the reaction.
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Convert 62.00nm/s to pm/ms
Answer:
62 picometer/millisecond
Explanation:
You multiply the speed value by 1
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What do these two changes have in common?
sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle
breaking a ceramic plate
Select all that apply.
A
Both are only physical changes.
Both are caused by heating.
Both are chemical changes.
Both are caused by cooling.
The bottom of a muddy puddle breaks a ceramic plate Both are only physical changes. Option A.
Breaking a plate is a physical change because no new products are formed during the event. It cannot be called a chemical change because the chemical composition of the splinter is the same as sheet metal. Any physical change that involves a change of state is reversible. Other state changes include evaporative freezing and condensation. Dissolution is also a reversible physical change.
When water is added to a mixture of sand and salt a solution of dissolved salts is formed leaving the sand intact. This is the physical change in recovering salts and sands from solution by filtration and evaporation. Glass breakage is a physical change because the chemical composition of glass does not change when broken. Furthermore, broken glass can be melted back into its original shape.
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Calculate the molarity of a carbonic acid solution given the following titration results: 47.00 mL of the carbonic acid solution was neutralized to a phenolphthalein endpoint with 23.82 mL of 0.1250 M ammonium hydroxide.
To know the molarity of carbonic acid when titrated with ammonium hydroxide. We use [tex]M_{1} V_{1} =M_{2} V_{2}[/tex] formula and hence the molarity of carbonic acid is 0.063M.
What is titration?Titration is an experimental technique in which the molarity of unknown solution is calculated using other solution whose molarity is known. To know the end point we use phenolphthalein as indicator.
Mathematically,
[tex]M_{1} V_{1} =M_{2} V_{2}[/tex]
where,
[tex]M_{1}[/tex]=Molarity of carbonic acid
[tex]M_{2}[/tex]=Molarity of ammonium hydroxide
[tex]V_{1}[/tex]=Volume of carbonic acid
[tex]V_{2}[/tex]=Volume of ammonium hydroxide
Substituting all values
[tex]M_{1}[/tex]=(0.125×23.8)÷47.00
[tex]M_{1}[/tex]=0.063M
Thus the molarity of carbonic acid is 0.063M
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what is a molecule that plays a role in a feedback loop?
A molecule that plays a role in a feedback loop increase the production of one outcome in a cyclic manner.
What is a feedback loop?A feedback loop is a biological phenomenon in which the outcome in the system is required to increase the production for a given molecule, thereby the output converts into the input of the system to produce a given result that maintains across time.
Therefore, we can conclude that a feedback loop is a system in which the input and output are the same in some periods of its functioning.
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