You carefully place lettered candy with the letters facing up in water. Without disturbing the water, you notice the letters float above the candy as the solution process takes place. Discuss why this would happen in terms of soluble, insoluble, miscible, immiscible, and water as the universal solvent. Describe the general conditions under which solids are most soluble in liquids.

Answer:

d. Transition metal

Explanation:

A transition metal is an element which has an atom or forms an ion with a partially-filled d-subshell.

As we can see from the electronic configuration of Copper 2+ ion, Cu²⁺:

[tex]_{27}Cu^{2+} = 1s^2\space\ 2s^2 \space\ 2p^6 \space\ 3s^2 \space\ 3p^6 \space\ 3d^9[/tex] ,

copper forms an ion with an incomplete d-subshell that contains 9 electrons; therefore copper is a transition metal.

• Option a. is wrong because copper is not a metalloid. Metalloids have characteristics of both metals and non-metals; copper only has metallic properties.

• Option b. is wrong because 'alkaline earth metals' are the elements in Group 2 of the periodic table; copper is in Group 11.

• Option c. is wrong because 'alkali metals' are in Group 1 of the periodic table.

[tex]AgNO_3 + KCl[/tex] → [tex]AgCl + KNO_3[/tex] undergo a double replacement reaction and form a white, solid substance. Hence, option B is correct.

A double replacement reaction is a type of chemical reaction that occurs when two reactants exchange cations or anions to yield two new products.

Double-replacement reactions generally occur between substances in aqueous solution. In order for a reaction to occur, one of the products is usually a solid precipitate, a gas, or a molecular compound such as water.

[tex]AgNO_3 + KCl[/tex] → [tex]AgCl + KNO_3[/tex] undergo a double replacement reaction and form a white, solid substance.

Hence, option B is correct.

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Answer:

1,250 °C

Explanation:

To find the new temperature, you need to use a variation of the Combined Gas Law. The equation looks like this:

P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂

In this formula, "P₁", "V₁" and "T₁" represent the initial pressure, volume, and temperature. "P₂", "V₂", and "T₂" represent the final pressure, volume, and temperature. You can find the new temperature by plugging the given values into the equation and simplifying.

P₁ = 3.00 atm                      P₂ = 1.00 atm

V₁ = 10.0 L                           V₂ = 125 L

T₁ = 300 °C                          T₂ = ? °C

P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂                                               <----- Combined Law equation

(3.00 atm)(10.0 L) / (300 °C) = (1.00 atm)(125 L) / T₂         <----- Insert values

0.1 = (1.00 atm)(125 L) / T₂                                    <----- Simplify left side

0.1 = 125 / T₂                                                         <----- Multiply 1.00 and 125

0.1 x T₂ = 125                                                        <----- Multiply both sides by T₂

T₂ = 1,250                                                             <----- Divide both sides by 0.1

The actual yield of magnesium nitrate formed from 130.8 g of magnesium and excess copper(II) nitrate is 245.2 g.

The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.

The balanced chemical equation is as follows:

Mg + Cu(NO₃)₂ → Mg(NO₃)₂ + Cu

To calculate the actual yield use the expression

Actual yield = Efficiency × theoretical yield

Number of moles = [tex]\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]

                             = [tex]\frac{130.8}{24}[/tex]

                             = 5.45

Efficiency moles of Mg(NO₃)₂ = 0.304 × 5.45

                                                 = 1.6568 mol

Now put the value in above expression

Actual yield = Efficiency × theoretical yield

                    = 1.6568 × 148

                    = 245.2 g

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The actual yield of magnesium nitrate formed from 130.8 g of magnesium and excess copper(II) nitrate is 245.2 g.

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It will take 14.13 years for the disintegration rate of this sample to drop to 878 disintegrations per minute.

Given that,

Half life of Sr-90 = 28.49 years

This decay process is first order decay kinetics

So according to [tex]1^{st}[/tex] order reaction

Half life = 0.693/k

k= 0.693/28.49

k= 0.0243 [tex]years^{-1}[/tex]

According to the integrated rate law for [tex]1^{st}[/tex] order reaction

ln[Rn] = ln[Rn][tex]{o}[/tex] - kt  …..(1)

where, Rn = 878 disintegrations/minute

Rn[tex]_{o}[/tex] = 1238 disintegrations/minute

Putting the values in equation (1)

ln[878] = ln[1238] - 0.0243 × t

6.7776 = 7.1212 - 0.0243 × t

0.0243t = 0.3436

t= 14.13 years

Hence, it will take 14.13 years for the disintegration rate of this sample to drop to 878 disintegrations per minute.

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The amount of KNO₃ precipitated out of solution when you cooled the solution from 100°C to -22°C is obtained from the solubility curve

A solubility curve is a curve of the solubility of a solute against temperature.

The solubility curve shows that the solubility of different solute at different temperatures.

The solubility curve of KNO₃ is as shown. Solubility at 100 °C and  -22 °C is not shown in the curve.

However, the amount of KNO₃ precipitated out of solution when cooled the solution from 100 °C to -22 °C can be determined by subtracting the amount of solute dissolve at -22 °C from that dissolved at 100 °C.

In conclusion, the solubility curve is used to determined the amount of solute dissolved in a given volume of solvent at different temperatures.

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1M KCl will require 25 mL to generate 100 mL of 0.25M KCl.

Molarity of a solution is defined as number of moles of solute present in 1000 mL of the solution.

[tex]M=\frac{n}{V}\times1000[/tex]

So molarity is inversely proportional to the volume of the solution.

As solution is diluted. Molarity of the solution decreases.

1M of KCl means 1 mole of KCl in 1000 mL of the solution.

1M KCl is four times as concentrated as 0.25M KCl.

Therefore, to make 100 mL of 0.25M will require [tex]\frac{100}{4}= 25 mL[/tex] of 1M KCl diluted to 100 mL of distilled water.

Easy alternative: Dilution formula

[tex]M_1\times V_1 = M_2\times V_2[/tex]

Where [tex]M_1 \,and\, V_1[/tex] are volume and concentration of first solution

and [tex]M_2\,and\, V_2[/tex] are of second solution.

[tex]1\times V= 0.25\times100\\\\V= 25\,mL[/tex]

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Answer: Mechanical Energy

Explanation:

    To produce electricity, a generator needs an input of mechanical energy. Mechanical energy is a combination of potential energy and kinetic energy. Generators use this to create electricity to power light bulbs, technological devices, and more!

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The theoretical molar yield of lead (II) chloride will be 9 moles.

First, we need to look at the equation of the reaction:

[tex]Pb^{2+} + 2Cl^- --- > PbCl_2[/tex]

From the equation, the 1 mole of Pb2+ ion requires 2 moles of Cl- ion in order to produce 1 mole of lead (II) chloride.

Thus, with 18 moles Cl- ions, 9 moles of Pb2+ would be needed, instead of 12 moles. Pb2+ is simply in excess while Cl- can be said to be limiting.

Therefore, Cl- will determine how much of lead (II) chloride that will be produced. The ratio is 2 moles of Cl- to 1 mole of lead (II) chloride.

With 18 moles Cl-, 9 moles of lead (II) chloride will, thus, be produced.

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Answer:

ethylene(ethane) + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

the type of reaction is COMBUSTION.

Answer:

V2 = 0.941 L

Explanation:

This follows the Charles' law, a gas law.

Using this eq [tex]\frac{V1}{T1} =\frac{V2}{T2}[/tex]

From the given, the missing variable is V2

[tex]\frac{752 ml}{298 K} =\frac{V2}{373 K}[/tex], change ml to SI unit of Volume (L)

752 ml = 0.752 L

[tex]\frac{752 L}{298 K} =\frac{V2}{373 K}[/tex], then cross multiply

[tex]280.496 L (K) =298K (V2)[/tex]

[tex]\frac{280.496 L (K) }{298K} = (V2)[/tex]

[tex]V2 = 0.941 L[/tex]

The percent by mass of nitric acid in the mixture is 3.36 %

2 HNO3 + Ba(OH)2 --->Ba(NO3)2 + 2H2O

so 1 mole Ba(OH)2 neutralizes 2 mol HNO3

moles of Ba(OH)2 present = molarity of base* volume of base

= 0.229 M * 15.6 ml

= 3.5724 milli mols

mols of HNO3 neutralized = 2* mols of Ca(OH)2 used

= 2* 3.5724 milli mols = 7.1448 x10^-3 mols

molar mass of HNO3 = 63.01 g/mol

mass of HNO3 present = molar mass * mols of HNO3

= 63.01 g/mol * 7.1448 x10^-3 mols

=0.4502 g

mass of sample = 13.4 g

mass % = mass of HNO3/mass of sample * 100

= 0.4502/13.4 *100

= 3.36 %

Nitric acid is a colorless, fuming, and distinctly corrosive liquid that could be a not unusual laboratory reagent and an important commercial chemical for the manufacture of fertilizers and explosives.

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V₂ = 6.45 mL (volume of analyte)

Here we use dilution formula, which is:

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

where,

C₁ = initial concentration

V₁ = initial volume

C₂ = final concentration

V₂ = final volume

Given data,

C₁ = 1.0 mg/mL

C₂ = 15.5 mg/mL

V₁ = 100 mL

V₂ = ? (to be found)

Putting the values in the formula, we get:

1 × 100 = 15.5 × V₂

V₂ = 100/15.5

V₂ = 6.45 mL

A solution is diluted when more solvent is added without increasing solute. The final mixture is thoroughly mixed to make sure that every component is the same.

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Answer:

wheres the options?

Explanation:

Answer:

A. a compound that donates protons

Explanation: According to the Brønsted-Lowry definition, an acid is a substance that can donate a proton (H+ ion) to another molecule. A base is a substance that can accept that donated H+. After the Brønsted-Lowry acid donates its proton, it becomes the conjugate base of the acid.

Answer:

A: a compound that donates protons.

Explanation:

please give me brainiest.

J.J. Thomson discovered the electron by noticing that a beam of particles could be influenced by an electric or magnetic force and is denoted as option B.

This is referred to a subatomic particle which has a negative charge present and is involved in chemical reactions.

J.J. Thomson noticed that cathode rays were negatively charged due to deflection by magnetic and electric forces which signifies the presence of a negative particle.

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706.1652 g is the molar mass of 4.68 mol of sodium bromate.

Given:

Sodium bromate is used in a mixture which dissolves gold from its ores.

Moles of sodium bromate= 4.68 mol

Molar mass of sodium bromate = 150.89 g/mol number of moles × mol

                                                       = 150.89 × 4.68

                                                       = 706.1652 g

Therefore, 706.1652 g is the molar mass of 4.68 mol of sodium bromate.

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-25 J is the change in internal energy, for a system that does 70 joules of work as it absorbs 45 joules of heat.

According to first law of thermodynamics energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another. First law of thermodynamics is also known as the law of conservation of energy.

Equation of first law of thermodynamics

ΔU = Q - W

where,

ΔU = Change in internal energy

Q = Heat added to the system

W = Work done by the system

Now put the values in above equation

ΔU = Q - W

      = 45 - 70

      = -25 J

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that -25 J is the change in internal energy, for a system that does 70 joules of work as it absorbs 45 joules of heat.

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The specific heat of the metal is 0.30J/g°C.

The specific heat capacity is defined as the quantity of heat (J) absorbed per unit mass (kg) of the material when its temperature increases 1 K (or 1 °C), and its units are J/(kg K) or J/(kg °C).

Step 1: Data given

Mass of metal = 75.0 g

Temperature of the metal = 65°C

Mass of water = 100.0 g

Temperature of the water = 20.0°C

Final temperature of the water = 22.3 °C

The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g°C

Step 2: Calculate the specific heat of metal

Qlost = -Qgained

Q= m xCxΔT

Qmetal = -Qwater

m(metal) x c(metal) x ΔT(metal) = - m(water) x c(water) x ΔT(water

⇒m(metal) = the mass of metal = 75.0 g

⇒c(metal) = the specific heat of the metal = ?

⇒ΔT = The change of temperature = 22.3 - 65°C = -42.7 °C

⇒m(water) = the mass of water = 100.0 g grams

⇒c(water) = the specific heat of water = 4.186 J/g°C

⇒ΔT(water) = T2 - T1 = 22.3 - 20.0 = 2.3 °C

75.0 g x c(metal) x -42.7 °C= -100.0 g x  4.186 x 2.3

75.0 g x c(metal) x -42.7 °C = −962.78

c(metal) = 0.3006338798J/g°C =0.30J/g°C

The specific heat of the metal is 0.30J/g°C.

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What is diffusion?

The diffusion of substances within a solution tends to move those substances down their concentration gradient.

Aim of diffusion:

The movement of molecules along a concentration gradient is known as diffusion. It is a significant process that all living things go through. Diffusion facilitates the flow of materials into and out of cells. Until the concentration is the same everywhere, the molecules travel from a location of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Diffusion occurs in gases and liquids because random molecular movement is possible.

Types of diffusion:

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are the two primary categories of diffusion.

The main aim of diffusion is to arrive at an equilibrium state. When the amount of the particles is uniformly distributed or constant throughout a solution, it is said to be in equilibrium.

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The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide:

The statement "Atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are higher than at any time in earth history", is True.  

Greenhouse Gas:

Since the start of the industrial period, carbon dioxide concentrations have significantly grown, rising from an annual average of 280 ppm in the late 1700s to 410 ppm in 2019 to an increase of 1.8 ppm over 2021.  

The net emissions of greenhouse gases resulting from human activity rose by 43%. The carbon dioxide emissions, which make up nearly three-fourths of all emissions, rose by 51%. Similar to the United States, the bulk of emissions in the world come from energy production and use, including power generation, transportation, and other energy-related activities.

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The number of moles (n) of O2 will be double if atmospheric pressure was doubled and all other variables stayed the same.

The general gas equation, often known as the ideal gas law, is the equation of state for a fictitious ideal gas. It has a number of limitations, but it provides a decent approximation of the behavior of numerous gases under various circumstances.

Applying the law of ideal gas: PV = nRT.

where,

P= pressure of the gas in the atm.

V= volume of the gas in L.

n = no. of moles of the gas in mol.

R = Universal gas constant,

T = temperature of the gas in K.

If V and T are constant and have different values of P and n:

(P₁n₂) = (P₂n₁).

P₂ = 2P₁,

∴ n₂ = (P₂n₁)/(P₁) = (2P₁n₁)/(P₁) = 2n₁.

therefore if we double the pressure then no. of the moles of O2 will be doubled.

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Answer:

In its organic form, metabolism is usually (not always) related with the metabolic processes of living organisms.

Explanation:

In this context, metabolism refers to how quickly a person's body consumes any fuel it consumes. Because the energy from meals is used up more rapidly when someone has a high metabolism, they require food more frequently. These folks typically feel and are warmer. A person with a high metabolism may not acquire as much weight as they would expect even if they eat more since their body uses up the food before it can be converted to fat or muscle. Consider an automobile where the accelerator has been floored. More frequent gas additions would be required, and the engine's temperature would rise. Slower metabolisms function like an idle automobile. They typically don't need to eat as frequently since their bodies use fuel more slowly. The quantity people typically consume may, however, exceed what they truly require to maintain their current state of health. They constantly use additional fuel, which tends to be stored as fat. Thus, it is not always true that everyone who is slim has a fast metabolism and everyone who is overweight has a sluggish one. It ultimately comes down to how many calories you consume against how many your body actually requires. Simply said, a person's metabolism may make or break this score relative to the norm. Therefore, those with slower metabolisms tend to put on weight quickly since they require less food than predicted to maintain their bodies whereas those with faster metabolisms prefer to be slim because of this.

The first eight ionization energies of a third row element are 999.6, 2252, 3357, 4556, 7004, 8496, 27107, and 31719 kJ/mol. The element is S.

Hence, Option C is correct answer.

Ionization energy is the energy that an electron in a isolated gaseous atom or ion in the ground electronic state must absorb to discharge an electron resulting in a cation.

The third row element are Na, Mg, Al, Si, B, S, Cl, Ar

From the given options these elements belongs to third row Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, Ar.

Now check the first eight ionization energy of each element.

Na: 496, 4562, 6910, 9543, 13354, 16613, 20117, 25496 kJ/mol

Mg: 738, 1451, 7733, 10543, 13630, 18020, 21711, 25661 kJ/mol

Al: 578, 1817, 2745, 11577, 14842, 18379, 23326, 27465 kJ/mol

Si: 787, 1577, 3232, 4356, 16091, 19805, 23780, 29287 kJ/mol

S: 999.6, 2252, 3357, 4556, 7004, 8496, 27107, 31719 kJ/mol

Cl: 1251, 2298, 3822, 5159, 6542, 9362, 11018, 33604 kJ/mol

Ar: 1521, 2666, 3931, 5771, 7238, 8781, 11995, 13842 kJ/mol

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The first eight ionization energies of a third row element are 999.6, 2252, 3357, 4556, 7004, 8496, 27107, and 31719 kJ/mol. The element is S.

Hence, Option C is correct answer.

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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.

Question: The first eight ionization energies of a third row element are 999.6, 2252, 3357, 4556, 7004, 8496, 27107, and 31719 kJ/mol. Identify the element.

Choose One:

A. Mg

B. Cl

C. S

D. P

E. Al

F. Ar

G. Na

H. Si

The changes in matter/energy can be classified as follows:

Matter and energy undergo physical, chemical and nuclear changes.

Physical changes are changes in which no new product is formed.

Chemical changes are changes in which no new product is formed.

Nuclear changes are changes in which no new product is formed.

Examples of each of the given changes is as follows:

Therefore, matter/energy undergo changes.

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Answer:

tough question

Explanation:

In a non-relativistic model, the speed of an electron in an atom can be calculated using classical mechanics. The speed of an electron in the nth energy level is given by the formula:

[tex]\rm \[v_n = \sqrt{\frac{{2 \cdot E_n}}{{m_e}}}\][/tex]

where [tex]\rm \(v_n\)[/tex] is the speed of the electron, [tex]\rm \(E_n\)[/tex] is the energy of the electron in the nth energy level, and [tex]\rm \(m_e\)[/tex] is the mass of the electron.

For very high atomic numbers, the energy of the innermost electrons can become extremely large, leading to high speeds according to the non-relativistic formula.

However, as the speed of an object with mass approaches the speed of light [tex]\rm \(c\)[/tex] which is approximate [tex]\rm \(3 \times 10^8\) m/s[/tex], relativistic effects become significant, and the non-relativistic formula breaks down.

The relativistic speed of an electron is given by:

[tex]\rm \[v_{rel} = \frac{{v_n}}{{\sqrt{1 - \frac{{v_n^2}}{{c^2}}}}}\][/tex]

As the speed of the electron approaches [tex]\rm \(c\)[/tex], the denominator approaches zero, and the relativistic speed [tex]\rm \(v_{rel}\)[/tex] approaches infinity, preventing the electron from ever reaching or exceeding the speed of light.

In summary, at very high atomic numbers, the innermost electrons do not actually exceed the speed of light due to the relativistic effects that prevent such occurrences, and the electron cloud remains consistent with the principles of special relativity.

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When selecting a photometric technique that is more sensitive to a low concentration of analyte, a laboratory director compares absorbance measuring devices against those that measure fluorescence intensity. Fluorescence spectroscopy is considered more sensitive in its measurements.

Spectro-fluorometer works on the above mentioned principle...

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Answer: Anaphylaxis

Explanation:

I have a nut allergy, and this has happened to me once. The doctors also told me a lot about anaphylaxis, and I like to learn about myself.

I hope this helps!! :)

Answer:

Be

Explanation:

From Periodic table , group 2 a is the VERTICAL group including

Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra  

period 2 is the HORIZONTAL line including   Li Be B C N O F

Be   beryllium is the element in both of these categories

The chemical symbol for an element in Period 2 and Group 2A is beryllium. Which is present in both of these categories.

The term periodic table is defined as the arrangements of chemical elements in rows and column according to their atomic number.

In the rows, the elements are present according to their atomic number. The columns produce groups of elements that have similar chemical characteristics.

From the Periodic table , Group 2A is the vertical group containing elements like the alkaline earth metals: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).While Period 2 is the horizontal line containing elements like Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F.

Thus, The chemical symbol for an element in Period 2 and Group 2A is beryllium. Which is present in both of these categories.

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A reaction that creates larger molecules from substrates and results in water as a byproduct would be catalyzed by a synthase enzyme.

Synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of new compounds in the body. As a result, it is a very widespread enzyme that can be found in both higher and lower-order species. Synthases do not use energy from nucleoside triphosphates.

A synthase is a ligase that joins two chemicals or compounds together with the need for energy, whereas a synthase is a lyase that catalyzes the breakage of numerous chemical bonds through methods other than hydrolysis and oxidation.

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