Frequency or wavelength-based distribution of all electromagnetic radiation is known as electromagnetic spectrum.
The majority of celestial bodies emit many forms of electromagnetic radiation simultaneously. What they emit depends on a variety of factors, including how hot they are and what materials they are made of.
Different telescopes are used by astronomers to find various electromagnetic spectrum components. Only one region of the electromagnetic spectrum can be detected by each type of telescope.
At radio frequencies, light pollution is more severe than at visible wavelengths.
Light pollution, often known as artificial nighttime light, is the improper or excessive use of artificial outdoor light.
Different energies of photons have a range of wavelengths, some of which are inaccessible from the Earth's surface and need different methods of collection.
As the atmosphere distorts more strongly at shorter wavelengths, telescopes must adjust.
Modern telescopes use new technologies to work more effectively and making innovative telescope designs is a task that engineers and astronomers relish.
That’s why astronomers need different telescopes at different locations to observe across the electromagnetic spectrum.
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wishing to collect weather data on a remote island, you come up with an idea for sending a weather balloon to the location. You attach a +1 C charged object to the balloon and plan to propel the balloon to the island using an electrostatic force. Given the balloon's size and standard wind patterns en route, you realize you will need to be able to overcome an opposing air resistance of up to 100N at any point on the balloon's 750km journey to the island. How big oof a charge will you need at your location to propel the +1C balloon, even in the face if the opposing wind, up to a distance of 750 km away?
The magnitude of the second charge needed to propel the first charge is 6,250 C.
Magnitude of the second charge to propel the first charge
The magnitude of the second charge is calculated by applying Coulomb's law as follows;
F = kq₁q₂/r²
where;
k is Coulomb's constantq₁ is magnitude of first chargeq₂ is magnitude of second charger is the distance between the chargesFr² = kq₁q₂
q₂ = Fr²/kq₁
q₂ = (100 x 750,000²)/(9 x 10⁹ x 1)
q₂ = 6,250 C
Thus, the magnitude of the second charge needed to propel the first charge is 6,250 C.
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Satellite C revolves around Earth 10 times a day. What is the radius of its orbit, measured from Earth's center? Assume that Earth generates the only significant gravitation attraction on the satellite. Note: The mass of Earth is 5.98 × 1024 kg, and the constant of universal gravity (G) equals 6.674 × 10-11 N m2/kg2.
The radius of its orbit, measured from Earth's center, will be 1.44 × 10⁷ mm.
What is Newton's law of gravitation?Newton's law of gravity states that each particle having mass in the universe attracts each other particle with a force known as the gravitational force.
Given data in problem is;
The mass of Earth is, [tex]\rm m_E = 5.98 \times 10^{24} \ kg[/tex]
Gravitational constant, G =6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N m₂/kg²
The gravitational force is proportional to the product of the masses of the two bodies and inversely proportional to the square of their distance.
[tex]\rm F_g = \frac{Gm_sm_e}{r^2}[/tex]
The centripetal force due to rotation of the satellite;
[tex]\rm F_c = \frac{m_s v^2}{r}[/tex]
The centripetal and the gravitational force are equal;
[tex]\rm F_g = F_c \\\\ \frac{Gm_sm_e}{r^2} = \frac{m_s v^2}{r} \\\\ r = G \frac{m_E }{v^2 } \\\\ r = G \frac{m_E }{(r \omega )^2 } \\\\ r = \sqrt[3]{\frac{Gm_E}{\omega^2}} \\\\ r = \sqrt[3]{\frac{6.67 \times 10^{-11}(5.98 \times 10^{24})}{(3.63 \times 10^{-4})^2}} \\\\ r = 1.44 \times 10^7 \ mm[/tex]
Hence, the radius of its orbit measured from Earth's center will be 1.44 × 10⁷ mm.
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A 40.0 N cart slides from rest down a rough 6.0 m long ramp inclined at 30.00 with the horizontal. Find the velocity of the cart at the bottom of the ramp if the force of friction between the cart and ramp is 6.0 N. Group of answer choices 8.7 m/s 3.3 m/s 4.5 m/s 6.4 m/s
The velocity of the cart at the bottom of the ramp is 6.42m/s
Given that 40N cart slides from rest down a rough 6.0 m long ramp and the degree given is 30 and the friction force given is 6.0N
We need to find the velocity of the cart at the bottom of the ramp
One of two types of energy is known as potential energy and is the latent energy present in an item at rest.
According to the rule of conservation of energy, energy can only be transformed from one form of energy to another and cannot be generated or destroyed.
Potential energy of the crate at the top =40N×6sin30°m=120J
Energy lost due to friction =6N×6m=36J
Let the speed of the crate at the bottom be v.
Applying the law of conservation of energy,
120−36=0.5×(40/g)×v2
Therefore,
v=6.42m/s
Hence the velocity of cart at the bottom of the ramp is 6.42m/s
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Which of the statements given below is correct? Give reason
to support your statement.
i. In winter the winds flow from the land to the ocean.
ii. In summer the winds flow from the land towards the
ocean
A person who normally weighs 580 N is riding in an elevator that is moving upward, but slowing down at a steady rate. If this person is standing on a bathroom scale inside the elevator, what would the scale read
Answer:
M au = Fs - M g au = upwards acceleration; Fs = scale reading
Fs = M (au + g) scalar quantities where g is positive downwards and au is positive upwards - Fs is the net force acting on the person
If the acceleration is zero Fs = M g and the scale reads the persons weight
If the elevator is decelerating then au is negative and the scale reading Fs = (g - au) M and the scale reading is less than the weight of the person
The voltage supplied by the common household outlet has a frequency of 60 hz. What is the period of the voltage?.
The period of the voltage that has a frequency of 60Hz is 0.0166s. Details about period can be found below.
How to calculate period?Period in physics refers to the length of time during which the same characteristics of a periodic phenomenon recur.
The period is measured in seconds and is denoted by T. It can be calculated by dividing 1 by the frequency of an oscillation because it is inverse of the frequency.
T = 1/60 = 0.0166s
Therefore, the period of the voltage that has a frequency of 60Hz is 0.0166s.
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A force of 40 N is required to hold a spring that has been stretched from its natural length of 10 cm to a length of 15 cm. How much work is done in stretching the spring from 15 cm to 18 cm
0.36 J of work is done in stretching the spring from 15 cm to 18 cm.
To find the correct answer, we need to know about the work done to strech a string.
What is the work required to strech a string?Mathematically, the work done to strech a string is given as 1/2 ×K×x². K is the spring constant.What will be the spring constant, if 40N force is required to hold a 10 cm to 15 cm streched spring?The force experienced by a streched spring is given as Kx. x is the length of the spring streched from its natural length. Then K = Force / x. Here x = 15 - 10 = 5 cm = 0.05 mK = 40/0.05 = 800N/m.What will be the work required to strech that spring from 15 cm to 18 cm?Work done = 1/2×k×x²Here x= 18-15=3cm or 0.03 mSo, W= 1/2×800×0.03² = 0.36 J.Thus, we can conclude that the work done is 0.36 J.
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There is an electric field near the Earth's surface whose magnitude is about 130 V/m . How much energy is stored per cubic meter in this field
The electric energy stored per unit cubic meter is 7.5×10^(-8) joule/m³.
To find the answer, we need to know about the electric energy density.
What's the mathematical expression of electric energy density?In a vacuum where the permittivity is 8.85× 10^(-12), the electric energy density is 1/2 ×ε₀ ×E²
What's the energy density for electric field of 130 V/m?Energy density= (1/2)× 8.854×10^(-12)×130²
= 7.5×10^(-8) joule/m³
Thus, we can conclude that the energy density is 7.5×10^(-8) joule/m³.
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it is observed that in water the meniscus in the capillary tube is higher than the meniscus in the beaker,while in mercury the meniscus in the capillary tube is lower tha the meniscus in the beaker.Explain these observations
The adhesion forces between mercury and glass are far weaker than the cohesive forces between mercury atoms causing the meniscus in the capillary tube to be lower than the meniscus in the beaker.
What is surface tension?
The force operating at a border between two phases is measured as surface tension.
Surface tension at liquid-air interfaces is caused by the higher attraction of liquid molecules to each other than air molecules.
Due to the relatively strong attraction of water. Hence molecules of water have high surface tension.
Because the water wets the glass and seeps up the tube's side when it is contained in a glass tube, the meniscus of the water has a concave form.
The cohesive forces between mercury atoms, on the other hand, are far stronger than the adhesion forces between mercury and glass.
The meniscus in the capillary tube is, therefore, higher than the meniscus in the beaker, but with mercury, the meniscus in the capillary tube is lower than the meniscus in the beaker.
Hence, the meniscus in the capillary tube is lower than the meniscus in the beaker
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Two microwave frequencies are authorized for use in microwave ovens, 910 and 2555 MHz. Calculate the wavelength (in cm) of each.
The wavelengths for frequencies 910 and 2555 MHz are 32.9 and 11.7 cm respectively.
What is frequency:
Frequency describes the number of waves that pass a fixed place in a given amount of time.
What is wavelength:
It is defined as the distance in meter required to complete one circle.
here, two microwave frequencies are given
f1 = 910 MHz = 910* 10^6 Hz
f2 = 2555 MHz = 2555* 10^6 Hz
According to formula of frequency:
λ = v / fwhere
v is speed of wave.
f is frequency of wave.
All electromagnetic wave moves with same speed v = 3×10⁸ m/s.
for f1:
substituting the values in equation,
λ1 = v / f1
λ1 = 3×10⁸ / 910* 10^6
λ1 = 0.329 m
λ1 = 32.9 cm
for f2:
λ2 = v / f2
λ2 = 3×10⁸ / 2555* 10^6
λ2 = 0.117 m
λ2 = 11.7 cm
Hence,
the wavelengths for frequencies 910 and 2555 MHz are 32.9 and 11.7 cm respectively.
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4 (JAMB) The diagram below shows a light see-saw, which is balanced horizontally by the weights W₁, W2, W3, W4 in the positions shown: d a W₁ Fig. 4.44 W₂ b W3 WA Which of the following equations correctly represents the principle of the lever balance? A W₁ + W₂ = W3 + W4 B W₁-W₁ = W4 - W3 C W₁a+W₂b = W3c+Wad D (W₂-W₁)a= (W4 - W3)c E (W₁ + W₂ )ab = (W3+ W4)cd (SCIGCE) 4 ( JAMB ) The diagram below shows a light see - saw , which is balanced horizontally by the weights W₁ , W2 , W3 , W4 in the positions shown : d a W₁ Fig . 4.44 W₂ b W3 WA Which of the following equations correctly represents the principle of the lever balance ? A W₁ + W₂ = W3 + W4 B W₁ - W₁ = W4 - W3 C W₁a + W₂b = W3c + Wad D ( W₂ - W₁ ) a = ( W4 - W3 ) c E ( W₁ + W₂ ) ab = ( W3 + W4 ) cd ( SCIGCE )
The equation that represents the principle of the lever balance is:
W₁ + W₂ = W3 + W4; option A.What is the principle of moments?The principle of moments states when a body is in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moment about a point equals the sum of anticlockwise moment about that point.
A see-saw represents a balanced system of moments.
The sum of clockwise moment = The sum of anticlockwise moments.
Assuming W1 and W2 are clockwise moments and W3 and W4 are anticlockwise moments.
The equation will b: W₁ + W₂ = W3 + W4
In conclusion, a balanced see-saw illustrates the principle of the lever balance.
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A block is attached to one end of a spring, while the other end of the spring is attached to a fixed axis. The block is moving in a horizontal circle centered at the axis at a constant speed, held in the circular path only by the spring. The system has a total energy of 2 Joules, the spring has a stiffness of 200 Newton/meter, and the unstretched spring has a length of 50 centimeters. Find how much the spring is stretched from its natural length as the block moves in this circle.
The spring is stretched about 3.5cm from its natural length as the block moves in this circle.
Acceleration is given by formula = [tex]\frac{v^{2} }{r}[/tex] where,..... (1)
v= velocity and r = total distance
In this case r = L+Δx where,
L is the length of unstretched spring
Δx = Change in Spring length
According to Hooke's law
F=kΔx …..(2) where,
F= force , k is constant and Δx= change in spring length
Also,
F=ma …..(3) where,
F= force , m= mass of body and a = acceleration
From equation (2) and (3)
ma = kΔx
Now, from equation (1)
mv²/L+Δx = kΔx
mv² = kΔx(L+Δx)…. (4)
Total energy(E) = 1/2mv² + 1/2kx²
From equation (4)
E = 1/2kΔx(L+Δx) + 1/2kΔx²
By solving this equation, this becomes
kΔx² + 1/2kΔxL - E = 0
Given,
k=200N/m L=50cm=0.5m E=2J
Δx = 0.035 m = 3.5cm
Hence, the spring is stretched about 3.5cm from its natural length as the block moves in this circle.
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Which of the diagrams below show forces that would result in a movement of the block to the left?
Diagram A will result in the movement of the block to the left as a result of the forces.
What is Force?This is referred to an influence which is capable of changing the motion of an object.
Diagram A has equal upward and downward force and left side which is 60N is higher than the right side which has 20N. The block will therefore move to the left.
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The wheel of a bicycle with a radius of 0.85 m is traveling at a speed of 5.0 m/s. Calculate its angular speed.
Group of answer choices
A) 4.3 rad/s
B. 5.9 rad/s
C. 9.2 rad/s
D. 1.7 rad/s
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Angular speed=velocity/radius
5/0.85=5.9
At what speed must a 150-kg football player be moving to have the same momentum as a 15.0-g bullet traveling at 300 m/s
The football must have the speed of 0.03 m/s to have the same momentum.
What is momentum conservation:
It states that, the total amount of momentum remains constant; momentum is neither created nor destroyed, but only changed through the action of forces as described by Newton's laws of motion.Momentum defines by formula: P = m*vhere,
mass of football, m1 = 150 kg
mass of bullet, m2 = 15 g = 0.015 kg
speed of bullet, v2 = 300 m/s
According to conservation of momentum:
m1*v1 = m2*v2substituting the values in equation,
150* v1 = ( 0.015 )* (300)
v1 = 0.03 m/s
Hence,
The football must have the speed of 0.03 m/s to have the same momentum.
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A jogger runs 6.0 km [E], then 4.0 km [N], and finally 2.0 km [W]. The entire trip takes 2.0 h to complete. Calculate the jogger's
(a) average speed
(b) average velocity
(a) The trip covers a total distance of 6.0 + 4.0 + 2.0 = 12.0 km, so the jogger's average speed is (12.0 km)/(2.0 h) = 6.0 km/h.
(b) The jogger undergoes a total displacement given by the vector
(6.0 km) i + (4.0 km) j + (-2.0 km) i = (4.0 km) (i + j)
where i is the unit vector pointing due East and j is the unit vector pointing due North. This vector has magnitude
||(4.0 km) (i + j)|| = (4.0 km) √(1² + 1²) ≈ 5.7 km
so the jogger's average velocity is approximately (5.7 km)/(2.0 h) ≈ 2.8 km/h.
how is this true?.........
Answer:
because the a and the b both have ones next to them so a is 1 and b is 1 so the sum is 2 and the minus changes because it is within the two lines
Explanation:
The speed that a tsunami can travel is modeled by the equation , where s is the speed in kilometers per hour and d is the average depth of the water in kilometers. What is the approximate depth of water for a tsunami traveling at 200 kilometers per hour?.
0.32 km
How to reach the answer:
The formula below provides the tsunami's speed in response to the query.
s = 356√d
when the tsunami's speed is 200 km/h, the equation's "s" is changed to "200," and the equation of speed is then expressed as follows.
200 = 356√d
The equation can be changed to compute the depth of the water as,
√d = 200÷356
√d = 0.562
Now on squaring both sides:
(√d)² = (0.562)²
d = (0.562)² = 0.316 or 0.32
Therefore the approximate depth of water for a tsunami travelling at 200km/h is 0.32 km
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Voltage is defined as the. Select one: a. force that causes electrons to flow b. opposition to current flow c. basic unit in which current is measured d. current flowing through a conductor
Voltage is defined as the force that causes electrons to flow. That is option A.
What is a voltage?A Voltage is defined as an electromotive force and the potential difference in charge between two points in an electrical field.
It is equally known as the force that causes electrons of a current to flow.
Mathematically, it's = V = current × resistance.
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A stone is thrown upwards into the air. Describe what is the magnitude and direction of its acceleration.
Answer:
Every object on the surface of the earth is pulled towards its surface because of a force known as the gravitational force. It is a force of attraction that exists between any two objects with mass.
The gravitational force of the earth pulls every object towards the surface of the earth. Because of this, an object free in the air is accelerated. The acceleration caused by the gravitational force is known as the acceleration due to gravity.
The magnitude of the acceleration is constant in a downward direction.
What is acceleration?Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity.
price at which speed adjustments with time, in phrases of each pace and direction. A factor or an object shifting in a direct line is extended if it hastens or slows down.Earth's acceleration is always in the downward direction.so when an object is thrown upward its acceleration is directed downward.if the object is downward then also the acceleration is downward.Learn more about acceleration here:-https://brainly.com/question/460763
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Gauss's Law states that the net electric flux, , through any closed surface is proportional to the charge enclosed: . The analogous formula for magnetic fields is:
The analogous formula for magnetic fields is the Ampere's law.
To find the answer, we need to know about the Ampere's law of magnetism.
What's Ampere's law of magnetism?Ampere's law states that the close line integral of magnetic field around a current carrying loop is directly proportional to the current enclosed within it.
What's is the mathematical expression of Ampere's law?Mathematically, Ampere's law is
B•dl= μ₀I
Thus, we can conclude that the analogous formula for gauss law is the Ampere's law in magnetism.
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Now put the two equations together. Substitute your result in equation A for the (vaverage) term in equation B. Your final equation should only have d, a, and t terms.
An average velocity can be defined as the total distance covered by a physical object divided by the total time taken.
Mathematically, you can find average velocity (Vaverage) from acceleration (a) and time (t) by using this formula:
Average velocity = acceleration × time
Vaverage = at .......equation A.
Also, you can find distance (d) from average velocity (Vaverage) and time (t) by using this formula:
Distance = average velocity × time
d = vt .......equation B.
Now, putting the two equations together and substituting the Vaverage term in equation B:
d = (at) × t
d = at²
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Complete Question:
A. How do you find average velocity (Vaverage) from acceleration (a) and time (t)?
B. How do you find distance (d) from average velocity (Vaverage) and time (t)?
C. Now put the two equations together. Substitute your result in equation A for the (Vaverage) term in equation B. Your final equation should only have d, a, and t terms.
Betelgeuse is a supergiant star that will eventually supernova, which means that by mass it is classified as
Betelgeuse is a supergiant star that by mass is classified as a high-mass star.
What is a celestial body:
Celestial bodies are natural objects that are a part of the massive universe. Even though the universe has vast expanses of empty space, it is inhibited by them. The following are the 7 categories in which the celestial bodies are classified in:
Thus, as Betelgeuse is a supergiant star that will eventually result in a supernova it is classified as a high-mass star.
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Suppose a large star explodes in a supernova, leaving a core that is 10 times the mass of the Sun. What would happen to the core of the star
If a large star explodes in a supernova and leaves a core that's 10 times the mass of the Sun, the core of the star would collapse.
What is a star?A star can be defined as a giant astronomical object that contains a luminous sphere of plasma, and it is bounded together by its own gravitational force.
Based on astronomical information, if a large star explodes in a supernova and leaves a core that's 10 times the mass of the Sun, the core of the star would collapse due to its own gravity which creates a violent explosion known as a supernova.
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A brine solution of salt flows at a constant rate of l/min into a large tank that initially held l of pure water. The solution inside the tank is kept well stirred and flows out of the tank at a rate of l/min. If the concentration of salt in the brine entering the tank is kg/l, determine the mass of salt in the tank after t min. When will the concentration of salt in the tank reach kg/l?.
To reach 01.kg/L concentration of salt in the tank will take around 18.9 min.
What is concentration in a solution?The concentration of a solution is a measure of the amount of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution.
A concentrated solution is one that has a relatively large amount of dissolved solute. A dilute solution is one that has a relatively small amount of dissolved solute.
The concentration ,C(t) of salt at time t is given by the mass x(t) at time t divided by the volume t + 100 at time t.
That is C(t) = x(t)/ (t+100)
So that,
C(t) = 0.2 - [tex]\frac{2 * 10^4}{(t + 100)^4}[/tex]
The concentration of salt is 0.1 kg/L ,
we solve C(t) =0.1 ,
Giving the equation,
0.10.2 - [tex]\frac{2 * 10^4}{(t + 100)^4}[/tex]
t = [tex]100\sqrt[4]{2} -100[/tex]
≈ 18.9 minutes
Therefore,
To reach 01.kg/L concentration of salt in the tank will take around 18.9 min.
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A special purpose nozzles that are often lowered through holes or other openings to the cellar of an occupancy are called
A special purpose nozzles that are often lowered through holes or other openings to the cellar of an occupancy are called cellar nozzles.
What is a nozzle:
A nozzle is a device in which steadily flowing fluid can be made to accelerate by a pressure drop along the duct in a cross-sectional area.
So when a fluid flows through a nozzle, its velocity increases continuously and pressure decreases continuously.
There are different types of tips like hollow cone, solid cone or flat fan.
The cellar nozzle (also called a Bresnan nozzle) is designed to be used under the surface the operator is standing on.
Hence,
The cellar nozzles are often lowered through holes or other opening to the cellar of an occupancy.
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I want to examine the surface of a planet that is covered by a thick atmosphere (which includes oxygen and contains a very thick layer of water clouds that never clears). What wavelength of electromagnetic radiation would I be smartest to use:
I want to examine the surface of a planet that is covered by a thick atmosphere (which includes oxygen and contains a very thick layer of water clouds that never clears). What wavelength of electromagnetic radiation would I be smartest to use: radar waves.
Radars send out electromagnetic waves much like wireless computer networks and cell phones. The signals are despatched out as short pulses which can be reflected by objects of their route, in part reflecting returned to the radar.
The radio waves travel outward from the antenna at the velocity of light (186,000 miles or three hundred,000 km in keeping with the second) and keep going until they hit something.
Then some of them bounce back in the direction of the antenna in a beam of contemplated radio waves also visiting at the speed of light. the speed of the waves is crucially vital.
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A 5.9 kg box slides a 9.3 m distance on ice. If the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.206, what is the work done by the friction force
Work done by the friction force is 110.77 J
Calculation of friction force:
here box has mass, m=5.9 kg
It slides the distance of, d=9.3 m
coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.206
Now we can say that,
net force on the object is applied force and friction force
The net force according to Newton's second law:
F(net)=m*a
F(applied) - f(friction) = m*a
The work done by friction force will be
W= -k*mg*d
here g is gravitational acceleration.
substituting the values we get,
W=-(0.206)*(5.3)(9.8)*(9.3)
W= -110.77 J
negative sign denotes the opposite direction.
work done by the friction force is 110.77 J
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A ball is thrown straight upward at 10 m/s. Ideally (no air resistance), the ball will return to the thrower's hand with a speed of
The ball will return to the thrower's hand with a speed of 10 m/s.
What is straight upward motion:
It is the motion when an object is projected upward, it moves in the opposite direction of the force of gravity.
The velocity is negative while the object moves up and positive while it moves downward due to upward motion.
Here,
A ball is thrown straight upward, u = 10 m/s
final velocity since ball momentarily stops at highest point, v= 0 m/s
According to Newton's 3rd equation of motion:
2gh = V² - u²where,
g = acceleration due to gravity = -9.8 m/s²
h = height
substituting the values,
2(-9.8)h = (0)² - (10)²
h = 100 / 19.6
h = 5.10 m/s
Now, we consider downward motion:
2gh = v² - u²
where,
g = 9.8 m/s²
h = height = 5.10 m
v = return velocity of ball
u = 0 m/s
substituting the values,
2(9.8)(5.10 m) = V² - (0)²
V = √(99.96)
V = 9.99 m/s
V ≈ 10 m/s
Hence,
the ball will return to the thrower's hand with a speed of 10 m/s.
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What is the centripetal acceleration of a point on the perimeter of a bicycle wheel of diameter70 cm when the bike is moving 8.0 m/s?
Answer:
The acceleration of a point on the wheel is 11.43 m/s² acting radially inward.
Explanation:
The centripetal acceleration acts on a body when it is performing a circular motion.
Here, a point on the bicycle is performing circular motion as the rotation of the wheel produces a circular motion.
The centripetal acceleration of a point moving with a velocity and at a distance of from the axis of rotation is given as:
a = v2/r
Here, V = 8m/ s,r = 0.70 m
∴ a = 8/0.70 = 11.43m/ s2
Therefore, the acceleration of a point on the wheel is 11.43 m/s² acting radially inward.
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