Three patterns that are true regarding seasons on Earth are: 1. Seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis. 2. Seasons are opposite in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. 3. Seasons are characterized by changes in temperature and weather patterns.
As Earth orbits around the sun, different parts of the planet receive varying amounts of sunlight depending on their angle to the sun.
When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.
For example, summer is typically associated with warm temperatures, longer days, and increased humidity, while winter is associated with colder temperatures, shorter days, and often snow or rain.
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I NEED HELP WITH THIS QUESTION THANK YOU
The mole fraction of the solute in the solution is calculated as 0.1406.
What is non volatile solute?Non-volatile solute is a substance that does not readily evaporate at given temperature and pressure.
Raoult's law : P_total = P_solute + P_water
P_total is total vapor pressure of solution, P_solute is partial pressure of solute, and P_water is partial pressure of water.
Since the solute is non-volatile, we can assume that its partial pressure is negligible compared to the pressure of water. Therefore: P_total ≈ P_water
P_total = X_water * P°_water
X_water is mole fraction of water and P°_water is vapor pressure of pure water at same temperature.
305 torr = X_water * 355.1 torr (since P_total ≈ P_water)
X_water = 305 torr / 355.1 torr = 0.8594
X_solute = 1 - X_water = 1 - 0.8594 = 0.1406
Therefore, the mole fraction of the solute in the solution is 0.1406.
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What is the molar solubility, S, of AgNO, if Ksp , = 6.00 × 10-4?
As a result, AgNO3 has a molar solubility of 0.0245 M.
what does molar solubility mean?A compound's capacity to dissolve in a particular substance known as a solvent is indicated by a property termed molar solubility (M). It is specifically the most moles of a solute that may dissolve in one liter of solvent.
The Ksp (solubility product constant) formula, which is the product of the ion concentrations elevated to their stoichiometric coefficients in a saturated solution4, can be used to determine the molar solubility of AgNO3.
The formula for AgNO3 is AgNO3 → Ag+ + NO3-.
Therefore, Ksp = [Ag+][NO3-] = 6.00 × 10⁻⁴
Since AgNO3 dissociates completely in water, [Ag+] = [NO3-] = S (molar solubility).
Thus, Ksp = S² = 6.00 × 10⁻⁴.
Solving for S gives us S = √(Ksp) =√(6.00 × 10⁻⁴) = 0.0245 M⁴
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2-10 someone do this for me correct answer only
Sulfur tetrafluoride, xenon tetrafluoride, antimony pentafluoride, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, water, carbon disulfide, 1,1-dichloroethane, arsenic trichloride
Methane with sulphur tetrafluoride has what shape?Sulfur tetrafluoride has a see-saw structure and a single pair of electrons. Methane has a tetrahedral structure and no lone pairs of electrons. Xenon tetrafluoride contains two lone pairs of electrons and a square planar structure.
What is a tetrahedral and square planar example?All eight of the d-electrons in the molecule Tetrachloropalladate(2-) are coupled in the lower-energy orbitals, which suggests a square planar geometry. This molecule is diamagnetic. Tetrachloronickelate, on the other hand, contains two unpaired electrons and is also d8, suggesting that it possesses a tetrahedral geometry.
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Considering both the forward and reverse directions, identify the Bronsted acids in the reaction below:
CH₃NH₂(aq) + H₂S(aq) ⇄ CH₃NH₃⁺(aq) + HS⁻(aq)
A.) CH₃NH₂ and HS⁻
B.) H₂S and CH₃NH₃⁺
C.) CH₃NH₂ and N₂S
D.) H₂S and HS⁻
E.) CH₃NH₂ and CH₃NH₃⁺
Considering both the forward and the reverse directions, the Bronsted acids in the reaction is H₂S and CH₃NH₃⁺. The correct option is B.
The chemical reaction is as :
CH₃NH₂(aq) + H₂S(aq) ⇄ CH₃NH₃⁺(aq) + HS⁻(aq)
According to the Bronsted - Lowry theory, acids are the substance that will donates the H⁺ ion or the proton and it will forms the conjugate base.
In the forward reaction, the H₂S donates the proton to the CH₃NH₂.
In the reverse reaction, the CH₃NH₃⁺ will donates the proton to the HS⁻.
Hence, the Bronsted - Lowry acids in the reversible reaction are H₂S and CH₃NH₃⁺. The option B is correct.
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At 25 ∘C, the equilibrium partial pressures for the reaction 3A(g)+4B(g)↽−⇀2C(g)+3D(g) were found to be PA=4.62 atm, PB=4.36 atm, PC=4.36 atm, and PD=4.70 atm. What is the standard change in Gibbs free energy of this reaction at 25 ∘C?
Answer: the standard change in Gibbs free energy of the reaction at 25 ∘C is 6.24 kJ/mol.
Explanation: One can employ the equation in order to calculate the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) for the reaction at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius.
The standard free energy change, ΔG°, can be expressed as the negative product of the universal gas constant (R), temperature (T) and the natural logarithm of the equilibrium constant (K).
The equilibrium constant is denoted by K and the gas constant R has a value of 8.314 J/mol·K, while T stands for temperature in Kelvin, which is equivalent to 298 K for 25 ∘C.
K can be determined by utilizing the partial pressures at equilibrium.
K equals the square of the product of PC and the cube of PD divided by the cube of PA multiplied by the fourth power of PB.
After replacing the provided values, the result obtained is:
The value of K is obtained by raising 4.36 atm to the power of 2, and 4.70 atm to the power of 3, and then dividing that by the product of 4.62 atm to the power of 3 and 4.36 atm to the power of 4.
The numeric value of K is 0.0786.
We can now compute the value of ΔG° by using the available data.
The change in Gibbs energy under standard conditions is equal to the negative product of gas constant, temperature and natural logarithm of equilibrium constant.
The standard Gibbs free energy change is determined by multiplying the constant of gas by the temperature and natural logarithm of the equilibrium constant.
The value of ΔG° can be expressed as - (8.314 J/mol·K) multiplied by 298 K and -2.547.
The standard free energy change is either 6,237 joules per mole or 6.24 kilojoules per mole.
How many moles of ammonia would be required to react exactly with 0.470 moles of copper(I) oxide in the
following chemical reaction?
2 NH, (g) + 3 CuO (s) -> 3 Cu(s) + Na (8) + 3 H20 (g)
Answer: 0.313 mole of NH3
Explanation:
is a pH an atom, ion, molecule, macromolecule, or a cell?
Although there is some variation amongst tissues, the physiologically typical intracellular pH ranges from 7.0 to 7.4. Skeletal muscle in mammals typically has a pHi of 6.8 to 7.1.
A cell is it an atom?A cell is the basic membrane-bound living thing and can either have one or more cells. All the molecules required for an organism to function are found in cells. An atomic is 10-10m in size. In contrast, a cellular is 10-6 metres in size. Because all cells are composed of atoms, they are therefore bigger than atoms.
What keeps a cell's pH stable?Acid excretion, efflux through plasma membranes, and buffering mechanisms all work together to precisely preserve the pH of body fluids. Protons are extruded from the cytosol into the extracellular space through the organic cation transporter (MCT) and the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE).
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Determine the mass in grams of 7.55 × 1021 molecules of water H2O.
a.
7.14 × 10-4 g
d.
22.6 g
b.
2.59 x 102 g
e.
2.59 g
C.
0.226 g
The mass in grams of 7.55 × 10²¹ molecules of water H₂O is 1.25 × 10⁻² g.
This is using mole concept.
What is mole?The International System of Units (SI) uses the mole (symbol mol) as the unit of material amount. How many elementary entities of a particular substance are present in an object or sample is determined by the quantity of that material.
Exact 6.02214076 × 10²³ basic entities make up the mole. An elementary entity can be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an ion pair, or a subatomic particle like a proton depending on the makeup of the substance. For instance, although having differing volumes and masses, 10 moles of water (a chemical compound) and 10 moles of mercury (a chemical element) both have the same quantity of substance, and the mercury has exactly one atom for each molecule of the water.
The mass in grams of 7.55 x 10²¹ molecules of water H₂O can be calculated using Avogadro's number. Avogadro's number is 6.02 x 10²³molecules/gram-mole.
Mass (grams) = (7.55 x 10²¹ molecules) (1 Gram/6.02 x 10²³ molecules)
Mass (grams) = 1.25 x 10⁻² grams
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The force that holds water molecules together in a raindrop is called.
OA. polar attraction
OB. magnetic attraction
OC. covalent bonding
OD. ionic bonding
A: Polar Attraction, because water molecules have a slightly positive charge on one end and a slightly negative charge on the other end, which causes them to be attracted to each other due to electrostatic forces.
What is Polar attraction?Polar attraction is the attraction between two polar molecules. Polar molecules contain atoms with slightly different charges, resulting in a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end of the molecule. The attractive force that occurs between two polar molecules is the result of the positively charged end of one molecule being attracted to the negatively charged end of the other molecule. This type of attraction is known as a dipole-dipole interaction.
What are electrostatic forces?Electrostatic forces are forces of attraction or repulsion between particles that are caused by their electrical charge. Electrically charged particles are either positively or negatively charged, and they exert a force on each other that is proportional to the magnitude of their charges, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Electrostatic forces can be used to explain phenomena such as the attraction of dust particles to surfaces and the clustering of ions in a solution.
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V
A student dissolves 11.S g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 250. g of water in a well-insulated open cup. He then observes the temperature of the water rise
from 20.0 °C to 31.3 °C over the course of 6.7 minutes.
Use this data, and any information you need from the ALEKS Data resource, to answer the questions below about this reaction:
NaOH(s) -. Na (ag) + OH (ag)
You can make any reasonable assumptions about the physical properties of the solution. Be sure answers you calculate using measured data are rounded to 3
significant digits.
Note for advanced students: it's possible the student did not do the experiment carefully, and the values you calculate may not be the same as the known and
published values for this reaction.
is this reaction exothermic, endothermic, or neither?
Oexothermic
O endothermic
O neither
0.°
If you said the reaction was exothermic or endothermic, calculate the amount of
heat that was released or absorbed by the reaction in this case.
Calculate the reaction enthalpy AH.
nen per mole of NaOH.
kJ
According to the question the reaction enthalpy is thus 10610 J / 0.278 moles = 38.3 kJ/mol.
What is enthalpy?Enthalpy is a thermodynamic property of a system that measures the total energy content of a system. It is a state function that is expressed in terms of internal energy, pressure, and volume of a system. Enthalpy represents the amount of energy that is associated with a chemical reaction or physical change.
The reaction is exothermic, meaning that heat is released during the reaction. The amount of heat released can be calculated with the equation q = mcΔT, where q is the heat released, m is the mass of the solution, c is the specific heat capacity of the solution, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the solution. Using the given data, the amount of heat released by the reaction can be calculated as q = (250 g)(4.184 J/g-K)(11.1 K) = 10610 J. The enthalpy change for the reaction can then be calculated by dividing the heat released by the number of moles of NaOH, which is 11.1 g / 40.00 g/mol = 0.278 moles. The reaction enthalpy is thus 10610 J / 0.278 moles = 38.3 kJ/mol.
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A new band sensation is playing a concert and recording it for a live album to be released this summer. Sound waves from singers in the band are displayed in the diagram below.
Answer:
Wave A (blue wave) has the highest volume because it has the highest amplitude.
Waves B and C have equal volumes because they have the equal amplitude.
Wave C (green wave) has the highest pitch because it has the highest frequency.
Waves A and B have equal pitch because they have the equal frequency.
Find reaction type and products for each equation please. FIRST CORRECT ANSWERS GETS BRAINLIEST HELP!!!
Reactant: C3H8 + O2 = Product: CO2 + H2O
Reactant: Zn + HCI = Product: ZnCl₂
Reactant: KI + Pb(NO3)2 = Product: KNO3 and PbI2
Reactant: Mg(CIO3)2 = Product: MgCl2 and O2
Reactant: F2 + KBr = Product: KF and Br2
What are chemical reactions?Chemical reactions entail the conversion of one or more substances into novel species, thanks to the breaking and forging of chemical bonds.
Essentially, such transformations involve the reconfiguration of atoms and/or molecules, culminating in distinct chemical and physical attributes contrasting from those of the initial materials.
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Write word equations for the following skeleton equations. C2H6 (g) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) +H2O (g)
The word equation for the skeleton chemical equation would be Ethane gas + Oxygen gas -> Carbon dioxide gas + Water vapor.
How to write the word equation ?Described in this reaction, ethane (C2H6) and oxygen (O2) unite to synthesize carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O). The reactants are situated on the left side of the arrow marker, while the products are displayed on the right. All entities specified are presented in the gaseous state as denoted by the (g) symbol.
The word equation for the skeleton chemical reaction C2H6 (g) + O2 (g) -> CO2 (g) + H2O (g) is showcased as follows:
Ethane gas + Oxygen gas -> Carbon dioxide gas + Water vapor
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A snorkeler takes a syringe filled with 17 mL of air from the surface, where the pressure is 1.0 atm, to an unknown depth. The volume of the air in the syringe at this depth is 7.9 mL. What is the pressure at this depth?
Express your answer to two significant figures.
_______________________________
So in short:. Original pressure (at surface) = 1.0 atm Original volume = 17 mLNew volume (at depth) = 7.9 mLUsing Boyle's Law, calculate new pressure:New pressure = (1.0 atm x 17 mL) / 7.9 mL = 2.2 atm two significant figures = 220 kPaI need the math to it to show how I got to the answer, please help
The volume (in liters) of ammonia, NH₃ produced from the reaction is 127 liters (option C)
How do i determine the volume of ammonia produced?First, we shall determine the mole in 17 g of H₂. Details below:
Mass of H₂ = 17 grams Molar mass of H₂ = 2 g/mol Mole of H₂ =?Mole = mass / molar mass
Mole of H₂ = 17/ 2
Mole of H₂ = 8.5 moles
Next, we shall determine the volume of H₂. Details below:
1 mole of hydrogen gas, H₂ = 22.4 Liters
Therefore,
8.5 moles of hydrogen gas, H₂ = (1.24 mole × 22.4 Liters) / 1 mole
8.5 moles of hydrogen gas = 190.4 liters
Finally, we shall determine the volume of ammonia, NH₃ produced. This is shown below:
N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) -> 2NH₃(g)
From the above equtaion,
3 liters of H₂ reacted with 2 liters of NH₃
Therefore
190.4 liters of H₂ will react = (190.4 liters × 2 liters) / 3 liters = 127 liters of NH₃
Thus, from the above illustration, we can conclude that the volume of ammonia, NH₃ produced is 127 liters (option C)
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What is the molar solubility, S, of AgC, H; 02 if Ksp = 2.00 × 10-3?
The molar solubility of AgC, H; 02 is 0.0447 mol/L..
What is Molar Solubility?
Molar solubility refers to the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature to form a saturated solution, usually expressed in moles per liter (mol/L or M). It is a measure of the solubility of a compound under specific conditions, such as temperature and pressure.
Molar solubility is an important parameter in chemistry and is often used to describe the solubility behavior of ionic compounds, salts, and other substances in various solvents.
Ksp = [tex]S^{2}[/tex]
Substituting the given value of Ksp, we get:
2.00 × [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] =[tex]S^{2}[/tex]
Taking the square root of both sides, we get:
S = √(2.00 × [tex]10^{-3}[/tex])
S = 0.0447 mol/L (rounded to four significant figures)
Therefore, the molar solubility of AgC, H; 02 is 0.0447 mol/L.
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0.0447 mol/L is the molar solubility, S, of AgC, H; 02 if Ksp = 2.00 × 10-3
Explain equilibrium constant.
A dynamic chemical system approaches chemical equilibrium when enough time has passed and its composition no longer exhibits any discernible propensity to change further. The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium.
The maximum number of moles of a solute that can be dissolved in a liter of solution before the solution becomes saturated is its molar solubility. Because of the relationship between the molar solubility and the solubility product, one can use the other to determine the other.
Ksp = S^2
2.00 ×10^-3 = S^2
S = √(2.00 × )
S = 0.0447 mol/L
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What is the oxidation state of the underlined atom in the reaction:
The element with an underlined name has the oxidation state U2O74 in the specified compound state.
How do you calculate the oxidation number for non-chemists?Each element's charge corresponds to its oxidation number in a binary ionic compound. Looking at the periodic chart will reveal the charge, which is determined by the element's group: Elements in group 1: +1 charge. components from group 2: +2 charge.
Carbon monoxide (CO), the only typical example of carbon in a +2 oxidation state, is a gas. Due to the ease with which carbon monoxide may be converted into carbon dioxide, which has a more thermodynamically stable oxidation state of +4, carbon monoxide is a powerful reducing agent.
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Draw a Lewis structure for CO32–, SF4 and HCOOH (formic acid)
The Lewis structures are shown by dots in the images attached here.
What is Lewis structure?A Lewis structure, also known as a Lewis dot diagram, is a visual representation of the bonding between atoms or ions in a molecule. It was developed by American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis in 1916. In a Lewis structure, the chemical symbol of each atom is surrounded by a set of dots, representing the valence electrons of the atom.
These dots are arranged to indicate the sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms, and the resulting arrangement of atoms and electrons is shown as a molecular structure.
Lewis structures are useful for predicting the shape, polarity, and reactivity of molecules and for understanding the principles of chemical bonding.
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The substances in the table are combined, and Substance 1 loses 40 calories of heat. How many calories of heat will Substance 2
eventually gain?
A 0
B 20
C 40
D 80
Answer:
C: 40.
Explanation:
To answer this question, we need to use the concept of heat transfer and the law of conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed from one form to another.
When two substances are in contact, heat can flow from one substance to another until they reach thermal equilibrium (i.e., they have the same temperature). In this case, Substance 1 loses 40 calories of heat, which means it gives off 40 calories of heat to Substance 2. Therefore, Substance 2 will gain 40 calories of heat to reach thermal equilibrium.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C: 40.
Which of these would a chemist most likely study?
why airplanes are able to fly
how rain affects statues
why monkeys have tails
where earthquakes tend to occur
A chemist would most likely study how rain affects statues as it involves analyzing the physical and chemical changes caused by rainfall on different materials, such as metal or limestone.
Explanation:A chemist would most likely study 'how rain affects statues'. This query falls under the domain of chemistry as it involves the study of physical and chemical changes caused by rainfall on different materials. Rainwater, due to the presence of various dissolved gases, can be slightly acidic. When this water comes in contact with statues, especially those made of certain metals or limestone, it can react causing corrosion or weathering, which a chemist would study.
In the case of metal statues, the acidic nature of rainwater can initiate corrosion processes, leading to the gradual degradation of the metal's surface. This phenomenon involves chemical reactions that a chemist is well-equipped to elucidate and study.
For statues crafted from limestone or other calcareous materials, rainwater can cause weathering, a process that involves chemical dissolution and physical erosion. Understanding the chemical intricacies of these reactions falls squarely within the purview of chemistry.
Hence, the study of 'how rain affects statues' inherently encompasses the investigation of the chemical alterations and transformations induced by rainfall, rendering it a quintessential domain of chemistry. This research not only sheds light on the impact of environmental factors on cultural artifacts but also contributes to the broader understanding of chemical interactions in the natural world.
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1. You need to take a medicine orally and want quick action. The medicine is available in the form of a compressed tablet or as a loose powder. Which form would give you the desired quick action? Why?
Compared to crushed pills, loose powder medications have a higher surface area, which allows for faster body absorption and disintegration, leading to a speedier effect.
What factors affect how quickly drugs dissolve from tablets?The drug's surface area has a direct relationship with the dissolving rate. Higher dissolving rates may be attained by reducing the particle size since surface area grows as particle size decreases.
How can a tablet dissolve faster than it would otherwise?Therefore, disintegration agents are added to formulations to encourage the breakdown of tablets into minute granules and their component particles. This enables a faster liberation of the drug particles from the tablet matrix, increasing the surface area for subsequent dissolving.
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Water rolls off a duck's back but thoroughly wets a head of human hair. What do these observations reveal about the chemical nature of these two sur- faces?
Explanation:
The observations that water rolls off a duck's back but thoroughly wets a head of human hair reveal that the surfaces of the duck feathers and human hair have different physical and chemical properties.
Duck feathers have a unique structure that helps them repel water. They are coated in a special oil that makes them hydrophobic, or water-repelling. The oil forms a layer on the surface of the feathers that prevents water from penetrating into the feather structure. Additionally, the feather structure is tightly packed and has a lot of surface curvature, which also helps to prevent water from sticking to the feathers. This is why water rolls off a duck's back.
In contrast, human hair does not have a hydrophobic coating, and its surface is relatively smooth. This means that water can easily stick to the surface of human hair and thoroughly wet it.
Overall, these observations reveal that the chemical nature of the surfaces of duck feathers and human hair are different, and that these differences have a significant impact on how they interact with water.
How much dry solute would you take to prepare 118 mL of 0.105 M NaNO3
The amount of dry solute it would take to prepare 118 mL of 0.105 M NaNO3 is 1.05g.
How to calculate mass?The mass of a substance can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles in the substance by its molar mass as follows:
mass = no of moles × molar mass
However, the number of moles it took to prepare 118 mL of 0.105 M NaNO3 must be calculated as follows;
no of moles = 0.105 × 0.118 = 0.0124 moles
molar mass of sodium nitrate = 85g/mol
mass = 85g/mol × 0.0124 moles = 1.05g
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Use the kinetic-molecular theory to explain each observation given.
a. Wax melts near the flame of a burning candle.
b. Liquid water may be converted into ice cubes in a freezer.
c. Ginger ale flows to match the shape of a glass.
d. Water gradually evaporates from a swimming pool.
e. Water vapor condenses inside house windows on cold days.
f. Snow gradually disappears, even when the tem- perature remains below freezing. g. Solids and liquids cannot be compressed as much as gases.
a. Wax melts near the flame of a burning candle because the kinetic-molecular theory states that the higher the temperature, the faster the molecules move. Since the flame of a burning candle is hot, the wax molecules move faster, allowing them to take up more space and eventually melt.
What is kinetic-molecular theory?The kinetic-molecular theory is based on the following five fundamental principles:
The average distances between the molecules that make up a gas are substantially bigger than the diameters of the individual molecules. When compared to the volume of the gas itself, the volume filled by the gas' molecules is insignificant.
In a perfect gas, neither the molecules nor the container walls are attracted to one another.
The molecules move randomly and continuously and, as physical objects, they are subject to Newton's laws of motion. Until they collide with one another or the container walls, the molecules move in a straight line.
Collisions are fully elastic; although two molecules' orientations and kinetic energies change when they collide, the overall kinetic energy is conserved. It is not "sticky" to collide.
The relationship between the average gas molecule kinetic energy and absolute temperature is direct. The word "average" is crucial in this context because individual molecules' velocities and kinetic energy will vary widely, with some even having zero velocities at specific times. This suggests that if the temperature were to drop to absolute zero, all molecular motion would stop.
Explanation:
b. Since a freezer is much colder than room temperature, the water molecules move very slowly and become organized, allowing them to form ice cubes.
c. All matter is made up of many small particles that are in constant motion. When the ginger ale is poured into the glass, the molecules of the liquid spread out to fill the shape of the glass due to their motion.
d. The molecules in a liquid are in constant motion, and that when they move, they bump into each other, passing energy from one to the other. This energy causes the particles to move faster. As they move faster, they create turbulence that causes them to break away from the liquid surface. These particles then form a vapor, which is an invisible form of water called water vapor. As these particles accumulate together, they gradually evaporate from the swimming pool, eventually diminishing its water level.
e. Water vapor condenses inside house windows on cold days because the molecules of water vapor slow down and as they lose energy they no longer have enough kinetic energy to remain in the gaseous state. The molecules then condense and form liquid water droplets on cool surfaces such as windows.
f. Snow gradually disappears even when the temperature remains below freezing because the heat stored in the snow starts to melt the snow. This occurs even when the outside temperature remains at freezing or below because the heat is released from the snow and warms the surrounding air.
g. Solids and liquids cannot be compressed as much as gases because the particles of gases have more energy and thus more freedom of movement than particles of solids and liquids. The particles of gases can move around and can occupy larger spaces than particles of solids and liquids, allowing them to be compressed more effectively.
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Calculate to what temperature 75.0 grams of carbon tetrachloride gas, CCl4 would need to be heated to have a volume of 2.00 liters at 250 °C.
(Ideal Gas Law Problem)
Answer:
The CCl4 gas would need to be heated to -178.7 °C to have a volume of 2.00 liters at 250 °C.
Step-by-step explanation:
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of CCl4:
[tex]\sf:\implies n = \dfrac{m}{M}[/tex]
[tex]\sf:\implies n = \dfrac{75.0\: g}{154.0\: g/mol}[/tex]
[tex]\sf:\implies n = 0.487\: moles[/tex]
Next, we can use the ideal gas law to solve for the temperature:
[tex]\sf\qquad\dashrightarrow PV = nRT[/tex]
where:
P is the pressureV is the volumen is the number of molesR is the gas constant (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K)T is the temperature in KelvinWe need to convert the given temperature of 250 °C to Kelvin:
[tex]\sf:\implies T = 250 ^{\circ}C + 273.15[/tex]
[tex]\sf:\implies T = 523.15\: K[/tex]
Now we can plug in the values and solve for T:
[tex]\sf:\implies (1\: atm)(2.00\: L) = (0.487\: mol)(0.08206\: L\cdot atm/mol\cdot K)T[/tex]
[tex]\sf:\implies T = \dfrac{(1\: atm)(2.00\: L)}{(0.487\: mol)(0.08206\: L\cdot atm/mol\cdot K)}[/tex]
[tex]\sf:\implies T = 94.5\: K[/tex]
Finally, we need to convert the temperature back to Celsius:
[tex]\sf:\implies T = 94.5\: K - 273.15[/tex]
[tex]\sf:\implies \boxed{\bold{\:\:T = -178.7 ^{\circ}C\:\:}}\:\:\:\green{\checkmark}[/tex]
Therefore, the CCl4 gas would need to be heated to -178.7 °C to have a volume of 2.00 liters at 250 °C.
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2. For the following reaction, what volume of 1.8M Na2CO3 is needed to react with 10.0L of 0.30M of
AICI3
5. Given the following standard enthalpies of formation for the following substances,
H,O (1) = -285.8 kJ/mol
H2O (g) = -241.8 kJ/mol
KOH (aq)=-482.4 kJ/mol
KOH(s) =-425.8 kJ/mol
Determine the enthalpy of the reaction,
2 K(s) + 2 H20(1) - > 2 KOH (aq) + H2(g)
a.
b
-197 kJ/mol
d.
-280 kJ/mol
e.
-1538 kJ/mol
-368 kJ/mol
C
-393 kJ/mol
The enthalpy of the reaction is -393.2 kJ/mol. The answer is (C).
What is enthalpy?Enthalpy of reaction (ΔHrxn) refers to the heat energy that is either absorbed or released during a chemical reaction, while the pressure remains constant. It is determined as the difference between the enthalpies of the products and the reactants, and enthalpy, in turn, refers to the heat energy stored within a substance.
Equation:ΔHf°(H2O(l)) = -285.8 kJ/mol
ΔHf°(KOH(aq)) = -482.4 kJ/mol
ΔHf°(H2(g)) = 0 kJ/mol
ΔHf°(K(s)) = 0 kJ/mol
To calculate the enthalpy of the reaction, we first need to balance the equation:
The given equation is the balanced equation
ΔHrxn = [2ΔHf°(KOH(aq)) + ΔHf°(H2(g))] - [2ΔHf°(H2O(l))]
ΔHrxn = [2(-482.4 kJ/mol) + 0 kJ/mol] - [2(-285.8 kJ/mol)]
ΔHrxn = [-964.8 kJ/mol] - [-571.6 kJ/mol]
ΔHrxn = -393.2 kJ/mol
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The density of helium in a balloon is 1.18 g/L. If a balloon holds 2.93 L of He, how many atoms of He are in
the balloon?
Answer: (a) 8.33x10^24.
Explanation: In the realm of gas thermodynamics, the variables P, V, n, R, and T denote pressure, volume, number of moles of gas, gas constant, and temperature in Kelvin, respectively.
It is feasible to manipulate this equation for the purpose of deducing n, which denotes the quantity of moles of gas.
The equation n = (PV) / (RT) represents the number of moles present in a gas system, where P, V, R, and T denote the pressure, volume, ideal gas constant, and temperature, respectively. This formula serves as a fundamental expression in thermodynamics and is employed in various fields of science, notably chemistry and physics, as a means of determining the amount of substance in a gaseous system. Its rigorous derivation and application have been extensively studied in the academic realm, and it remains a pivotal concept in modern scientific research.
Ascertaining the quantity of helium atoms contained within the balloon necessitates the conversion of the amount of helium moles into a corresponding number of helium atoms. The quantity of atoms in a single mole of any given substance, as denoted by Avogadro's number, is 6.022 x 10^23.
Initially, it is necessary to determine the quantity of moles of helium present within the spherical object.
The quantity n is expressed as the ratio of the product of the pressure and volume, PV, to the product of the universal gas constant, R, the temperature, T, and is mathematically represented as n = (PV) / (RT). Upon substituting the relevant values in this equation, where the pressure is not explicitly given, n may be calculated as (1.18 g/L x 2.93 L) / (0.0821 L-atm/mol-K x 273 K).
The quantity of substance present is 0.1386 mol.
Subsequently, the subsequent step would be to transform the aforementioned measurement into the numerical value representing the quantity of helium atoms present.
The numerical value of helium atoms can be expressed as the product of a constant factor 'n' and the Avogadro constant. That is, the number of atoms of helium is determined by multiplying 'n' with Avogadro's number.
The quantity of helium atoms is equivalent to 0.1386 moles, multiplied by the constant Avogadro's number of 6.022 x 10^23 atoms per mole.
The quantity of helium atoms is 8.33 x 10^23.
To calculate the number of atoms of helium in the balloon, we can use Avogadro's number and the molar mass of helium.
Explanation:The number of atoms of helium in the balloon can be calculated using the Avogadro's number and the molar mass of helium. The molar mass of helium is 4.0026 g/mol. First, we need to calculate the number of moles of helium in the balloon by dividing the mass of helium by its molar mass:
Number of moles of helium = Mass of helium / Molar mass of helium
Once we have the number of moles, we can use Avogadro's number to calculate the number of atoms:
Number of atoms of helium = Number of moles of helium * Avogadro's number
Let's substitute the values into the formula to find the number of atoms of helium in the balloon:
Number of atoms of helium = (1.18 g/L * 2.93 L) / (4.0026 g/mol) * (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol)
Solving this equation will give us the number of atoms of helium in the balloon.
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.A) Calculate the molecular formula of a compound with an empirical formula of P2O5 and a molar mass of 283.88 g/mol.
B) Calculate the empirical formula of a compound containing 52.14% carbon, 13.12% hydrogen, and 34.73% oxygen.
A) The molecular formula is: P₄O₁₀; B) This gives us the empirical formula: C₂H₆O
What is empirical formula?The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound is called the empirical formula.
A) Empirical formula mass of P₂O₅ = 2(atomic mass of P) + 5(atomic mass of O)
= 2(30.97 g/mol) + 5(15.99 g/mol)
= 141.94 g/mol
Molecular mass / Empirical formula mass = 283.88 g/mol / 141.94 g/mol = 2
This tells us that the molecular formula is twice the empirical formula, so the molecular formula is: P₄O₁₀
B) moles of C = 52.14 g / 12.01 g/mol = 4.344 mol
moles of H = 13.12 g / 1.01 g/mol = 12.97 mol
moles of O = 34.73 g / 16.00 g/mol = 2.17 mol
4.344 mol / 2.17 mol = 2.00
12.97 mol / 2.17 mol = 6.00
2.17 mol / 2.17 mol = 1.00
This gives us the empirical formula: C₂H₆O
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Which of the following choices fits in the blank to complete the equation?
ΔG° = ΔΗ°
OA. + AS
B. + TAS
O C. - AS⁰
.
OD. - TAS
The equation can be written as; ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
What is the equation of the free energy?The equation for the free energy change (ΔG) in a system can be expressed in terms of the enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS)
The Gibbs free energy equation links changes in enthalpy and entropy that occur during a process to changes in a system's free energy. If G is negative, the process can happen spontaneously and is thermodynamically beneficial.
If G is positive, the process requires an energy input and is not thermodynamically favorable. The system is in equilibrium if G is zero.
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