The bonds that are broken during the reaction are weaker than the bonds that are formed during the reaction and ∆Hrxn < 0
For exothermic reaction we know that Hpreducts < Hreactants
∆Hrxn = Hproducts - Hreactants
so, ∆Hrxn < 0 , Energy is released while bond formation and energy is absorbed while bond breaking. In exothermic reaction energy is released, it indicate in exothermic reaction bonds that formed is stronger than bonds that are broken.
A chemical reaction that releases energy is called an exothermic reaction. A chemical reaction that stores energy is called an endothermic reaction. More energy might be released as products form than the energy needed to break the reactants apart.
Less energy might be released as the products form than the energy needed to break the reactants apart. This chemical reaction stores energy. In other words, it will be an endothermic reaction.
More energy is released during the chemical reaction than is needed to start the chemical reaction. It takes less energy to break the reactant bonds than the energy released as the products form.
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a full moon appears larger on the horizon than it does overhead not because of the refraction of the atmosphere but because of an optical illusion. objects in the foreground influence the perceived size of objects in the background, and when the moon is on the horizon amid trees and houses the brain interprets it as being larger than when it appears overhead in the absence of those objects.
Moon Illusion is an Optical Phenomenon. This occurs because when the moon is near the horizon, Earthly things that resemble the moon on your retina generate a misunderstanding or inaccurate perception of distance and size.
The brain interprets the low moon as being bigger since it is lower in the sky than the higher moon. The mechanism behind size-distance perception in everyday life, which transforms planar pictures that fall on the retina into a perception of hard objects moving in space, is related to the moon illusion.
What happens when the mechanism acts in an uncommon circumstance is what causes the moon illusion. In typical perception, the angular size of the light image stimulating our eyes expands or shrinks as rigid objects move in depth (distance).
The sense of hard objects with shifting depth perception is produced naturally by the brain in response to these changing stimuli. The ground and horizon make the moon appear comparatively close when it is close to the horizon.
Due to the moon's shifting apparent position in depth while the light stimulus stays constant, the moon appears extraordinarily huge due to the brain's size-distance mechanism.
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A spring with a force constant of 69 N/m is attached to a 0.57 kg mass. Assuming that the amplitude of motion is 3.1 cm, determine the following quantities for this system: (a) w, (b) vmax, (c) T.
The amplitude motions are W =≈ 12 rad/s , Vmax= 0.36 m/s , T= ≈ 0.54 s.
What is amplitude ?
Distance between a wave's resting position and its highest movement is known as amplitude. Frequency is the quantity of waves that pass past a certain place each second. Period is the amount of time it takes for a wave cycle to finish.
What is force?
Everyday activities like walking, setting something down on a surface, tossing something into the air, and even the tides' regular variations all include the application of force. The result of the interaction between two or more things, a force is a push or a pull.
a)w = √k/m = √(67/0.49) = 11.69336 ≈ 12 rad/s
b)v_max = A w = 0.031 * 11.69336 = 0.36 m/s
c)T = 2π/w = 2*3.14/11.69336 = 0.53706 ≈ 0.54 s
Therefore, the amplitude motions are W =≈ 12 rad/s , Vmax= 0.36 m/s , T= ≈ 0.54 s.
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A sphere of mass mis dropped from the top of a building and reaches the ground before achieving terminal velocity. The force of air resistance that acts on the sphere as it falls is given by F, where is a positive constant and is the velocity of the sphere. What happens to the magnitude of the sphere's velocity and acceleration, and to the distance it falls during each second, as the sphere approaches the ground? Magnitude of Yelocity Magnitude of Acecloration Distance of all Each Second (A) Increases Increases Increases Increases Decreases Increases (C) Increases Decreases Decreases Decreases Increases Decreases (1) Decreases Decreases Increases
The magnitude of the sphere's velocity, acceleration, and to the distance it falls during each second is A)Increases Increases Increases .So, correct option is A.
We know that when an object is coming from a large height towards the surface of earth, due to air resistance it feels huge amount of opposition force which basically tries to decrease its velocity. The equation of force will be given by
F=mg + air resistance force
Since acceleration due to gravity is also responsible for acting of force, therefore, F will increase as when object comes closer to the surface air resistance is very high and due to that value of F is very large.
Same because of the high resistance force, velocity and distance will be also increases.
Hence, correct option is A.
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when you urinate, you increase pressure in your bladder to produce the flow. for an elephant, gravity does the work. an elephant urinates at a remarkable rate of 0.0060 m3 (a bit over a gallon and a half) per second. assume that the urine exits 1.0 m below the bladder and passes through the urethra, which we can model as a tube of diameter 8.0 cm and length 1.2 m. assume that urine has the same density as water, and that viscosity can be ignored for this flow.
A model as a tube of diameter 8.0 cm and length 1.2 m. assume that urine has the same density as water, the pressure is -9088 pa.
Calculation :
v = flowrate/area = 0.0060/π(0.04)² = 1.2 m/s
2). from Bernoulli's eqn ,
[tex]P_{bla}[/tex] - [tex]P_{atm}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1}{2}Pv _{2} ^{2}[/tex] + [tex]\frac{1}{2}Pv _{1} ^{2}[/tex] - ρgh1
[tex]P_{bla}[/tex] - [tex]P_{atm}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1}{2}Pv _{2} ^{2}[/tex] + 0 - ρgh1
ΔP = 1/2(1000)(1.19)² - (1000)(9.8)(1)
= 712.4 - 9800
= -9088 pa
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force normal to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these are units of force divided by units of area. For example, the SI unit of pressure, Pascal (Pa), is 1 Newton per square meter (N/m2).
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we can measure the expansion rate of the universe, and how the expansion rate is currently changing. if the current trend continues, in the future the universe will be expanding
The expansion rate of universe is measured in terms of hubble's constant, the expansion rate of universe has increased and at some point in future, it will stop expanding and start to shrink.
There was a lot of uncertainty about the universe's expansion rate before the Hubble telescope was launched. This value is required to calculate the universe's age, estimate its evolution over billions of years, and comprehend the forces that drive it. Astronomers were initially ecstatic when the expansion estimate was reduced to 10% accuracy. They are now approaching one percent accuracy after much perseverance and precise observations.
The cosmic clock can be rewound and the age of the universe calculated by precisely determining the expansion rate, known as the Hubble constant. However, Edwin Hubble's estimates of the universe's expansion implied that it was younger than the Earth and Sun. As a result, Hubble concluded that the redshift phenomenon was a previously unknown property of space rather than a measurement of true space velocity. Redshift was later discovered to be a result of the expansion of space itself, as predicted by Einstein's theory of special relativity.
Thus, by the current data it is noted that the universe is expanding quickly than though before, and if this continues , in the future at some point the universe will stop expanding and it will start shrinking.
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Your car speeds around the 80-m-radius curved exit ramp of a freeway. A 70-kg student holds the armrest of the car door, exerting a 220-N force on it in order to prevent him self from sliding across the vinyl-covered back seat of the car and slamming into his friend. How fast is the car moving in meters per second and miles per hour? What assumptions did you make?
The speed of the car in miles per hour and meters per second is 2.2369
Explain about the speed?The first person to calculate speed by accounting for both the distance travelled and the amount of time required was the Italian physicist Galileo Galilei. Galileo described speed as the distance travelled in a unit of time.
The speed of anything indicates how quickly it is moving. Miles per hour (mph), kilometres per hour (km/h), and metres per second (m/s) are the three most used speed measurement units (mph).
A speedometer is the most effective tool for demonstrating instantaneous speed. Another method to state the speed of light is as 186,282 miles per second. The speed of sound in dry air is 343.2 metres per second. The term "escape velocity" refers to the speed necessary to escape the gravitational pull of the Earth.
Radius = 80 m
mass of the student m = 70
Force = 220
F/M =220 / 70
=3.14 m
3.14 = v2/80
=15.85m/s
1 m/s = 2.2369 miles per hour
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A sample of an ideal gas goes through the process shown in Figure . From A to B, the process is adiabatic; from B to C, it is isobaric with 345 kJ of energy entering the system by heat; from C to D, the process is isothermal; and from D to A, it is isobaric with 371 kJ of energy leaving the system by heat. Determine the difference in internal energy E int,B −E int.A
A sample of an ideal gas goes through the process, the difference in internal energy [tex]E_{int},B - E_{int}.A[/tex] is 4.29 × 10⁴ J.
To calculate the difference in internal energy (ΔE_int) between points B and A, we need to consider the energy changes in each segment of the process and apply the First Law of Thermodynamics, which states:
Δ[tex]E_{int[/tex] = Q - W
where Δ[tex]E_{int[/tex] is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat added to the system, and W is the work done by the system.
Let's calculate the changes in internal energy for each segment:
1. From A to B (adiabatic process):
In an adiabatic process, no heat exchange (Q) occurs. Therefore, Q = 0.
The work done (W) in an adiabatic process is given by:
W = n * Cv * ( [tex]T_B[/tex] - [tex]T_A[/tex])
Since it is an ideal gas, the molar specific heat at constant volume (Cv) can be expressed as Cv = (f/2) * R.
The change in temperature ( [tex]T_B[/tex] - [tex]T_A[/tex]) can be found using the adiabatic equation:
( [tex]T_B[/tex] / [tex]T_A[/tex]) = [tex](V_A / V_B)^{(\gamma - 1)[/tex]
where γ is the adiabatic index or ratio of specific heats (γ = Cp/Cv).
2. From B to C (isobaric process):
In an isobaric process, the change in internal energy is given by:
Δ[tex]E_{int[/tex] = Q - W
W = P * ΔV
where P is the constant pressure and ΔV is the change in volume.
3. From C to D (isothermal process):
In an isothermal process, the temperature remains constant. Therefore, Δ[tex]E_{int[/tex] = 0.
4. From D to A (isobaric process):
Similar to the B to C segment, the change in internal energy is given by:
Δ[tex]E_{int[/tex] = Q - W
Given that the heat added from B to C is 345 kJ, and the heat released from D to A is 371 kJ, we can now calculate the difference in internal energy (Δ[tex]E_{int[/tex]) between points B and A.
Thus, if we sum up all the changes in internal energy for each segment, we get the desired value of Δ[tex]E_{int[/tex] which is approximately 4.29 × 10^4 J.
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in this water supply system, areas of need are removed from the water source, perhaps because of a higher elevation or remote location. the pumps in the system provide water directly to the system as well as pumping water into storage tanks. by filling the tanks at times of low use, the pumps do not have to provide the total supply to the system at times of high use
A dry hydrant is a permanently erected conduit with pumper suction connections to facilitate quick drafting operations at stationary water sources.
Which style of fire hydrant is used in regions that experience extended periods of subfreezing weather?Barrel Dry Hydrants
In regions where the temperature goes below freezing, this sort of fire hydrant is fairly prevalent. In these regions, hydrants' barrels must be kept dry to prevent the water within from freezing.
A Class C fire hydrant is what?Class A: 1000–1499 gpm of maximum capacity. 3. Class B - 500 to 999 gpm of rated capacity. Class C: Capacity rated at less than 500 gpm.
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A person is lying on a diving board 2.50 m above the surface of the water in a swimming pool. She looks at a penny that is on the bottom of the pool directly below her. To her, the penny appears to be a distance of 7.00 m from her. What is the depth of the water at this point?
2.50 m above the water's surface, a person is resting on a diving board in a swimming pool. The penny appears to be seven meters away from her in her field of vision.The depth of water from this point is 6m.
The distance of board from water surface is given as 2.50m and appeared distance of penny from eyes of the person in board is given as 7.00m so this means apparent distance of penny from eyes of the person is:-
Total appeared distance from eyes of the person when its above the board- distance of the board from surface of the water.
Which is given as
=7.00m - 2.50m
=4.5m.
As we look at something from rarer to denser medium the apparent depth of that object which appears to us decreases.
So real depth of water can be given to us by:-
Apparent depth=Real depth / vdr,
here vdr is refractive index of denser medium with respect to refractive index of rarer medium which is given by
vdr=vd / dr
=Refractive index of water / Refractive index of air
=43
Therefore apparent depth is
=4.54/3
=6m.
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the concentration of is higher inside than outside the cell.target 1 of 5 the membrane is more permeable to blank.target 2 of 5 the resting membrane potential is maintained by na -k pumps that actively transport into and out of the cell.target 3 of 5target 4 of 5 the concentration of is higher outside than inside the cell.
The concentration of K+ is higher inside than outside the cell.
The resting membrane potential is maintained by Na+-K+ pumps that actively transport K+ into and Na+ out of the cell.
The concentration of Na+ is higher outside than inside the cell.
The concentration of potassium ions inside the cell is greater than the concentration of sodium ions outside the cell. The amount of water outside the cell compared to inside creates an osmotic gradient that drives water movement. In other words, if there are more solutes outside the cell than inside, water will move out of the cell to balance the solute levels inside.
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An object undergoes uniform circular motion at a constant radius and with period T (i.e., it makes one complete revolution around the circle in time T). As a result, the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the object is ac. Suppose now the motion is changed so that the period is T/2 but the radius is the same. What will be the new magnitude of the centripetal acceleration? a. a/2 b. 2ac c. 4ac
Option C; The new magnitude of the centripetal acceleration 4ac
Initial condition time period = T
T = distance / speed = 2πR/v
T/2 = 2πR/V2
V2 = 4πR/T = 2V1
Centripetal acceleration,
Ac = 1/2mv² = 1/2 m4v1²
Ac = 4ac
As a characteristic of an object's motion when it is traveling along a circular path, centripetal acceleration is described. Centripetal acceleration is the motion of an item in a circle with its acceleration vector pointing in its direction of motion. Centripetal accelerations result from centripetal forces. The centripetal force driving the motion is a result of their gravitational pull in the unique instance of the Earth's round motion around the Sun, or any satellite's circular motion around any celestial body.
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two possible geometric shapes for the clf3 molecule are trigonal planar and t-shaped. the student does some research and learns that the molecule has a dipole moment. which of the shapes is consistent with the fact that the clf3 molecule has a dipole moment? justify in terms of bond polarity and molecular structure.
The trigonal planar shape is consistent with the fact that the CLF3 molecule has a dipole moment.
This shape is formed by three identical polar bonds that are arranged in a flat plane. Each of the three bonds has a slightly negative charge on the chlorine atom and a slightly positive charge on the fluorine atoms. This arrangement of charge creates a permanent dipole moment across the molecule, which is a result of the arrangement of the polar bonds and the molecular structure.
The t-shaped structure, on the other hand, has a single polar bond and two non-polar bonds, which would lead to a net dipole moment of zero, since the charges would cancel out. Therefore, the trigonal planar shape is the most consistent with the fact that the CLF3 molecule has a dipole moment.
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A thin plastic rod of length 2.9 m is rubbed all over with wool, and acquires a charge of 60 nC, distributed uniformly over its surface. Calculate the magnitude of the electric field due to the rod at a location 8 cm from the midpoint of the rod. Do the calculation two ways, first using the exact formula for a rod of any length, and second using the approximate formula for a long rod.
(a) exact formula
E = N/C
(b) approximate formula
E = N/C
The magnitude of the electric field due to the rod at a location 8 cm from the midpoint of the rod is 2 N/C
E=F/Q
E=120/60
E=2 N/C
Any charge results in an electric field being connected to a specific location in space. The value of E, also known as the electric field strength, electric field intensity, or just the electric field, expresses the magnitude and direction of the electric field. Without any specific knowledge of what caused the field, knowing the value of the electric field at a particular location is sufficient to predict what will happen to nearby electric charges. The electric force F, or Coulomb force, exerted per unit positive electric charge q at that location may be used to calculate the strength of an electric field, or E = F/q, if the second charge, or test, is positive.
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To understand the basic principles underlying interference.
One of the most important properties of waves is the principle of superposition. The principle of superposition for waves states that when two waves occupy the same point, their effect on the medium adds algebraically. So, if two waves would individually have the effect "+1" on a specific point in the medium, then when they are both at that point the effect on the medium is "+2." If a third wave with effect "-2" happens also to be at that point, then the total effect on the medium is zero. This idea of waves adding their effects, or canceling each other's effects, is the source of interference.
Part C
In talking about interference, particularly with light, you will most likely speak in terms of phase differences, as well as wavelength differences. In the mathematical description of a sine wave, the phase corresponds to the argument of the sine function. For example, in the function y=Asin(kx), the value of kx at a particular point is the phase of the wave at that point. Recall that in radians a full cycle (or a full circle) corresponds to 2? radians. How many radians would the shift of half a wavelength from the previous part correspond to?
Express your answer in terms of ?.
Shift of half a wavelength from the previous part correspond to π radian.
What is the principle of interference?Interference is a phenomenon in which two waves combine by adding displacement together at every single point in the space and time, to form a resultant wave of greater, lower, or same amplitude.
The superposition principle explains that when two or more waves overlap in space, then the resultant disturbance is equal to the algebraic sum of individual disturbances
Given, Wavelength= λ
We have to find the phase difference when wavelength is half of the initial wavelength.
So, the path difference= Δx = λ/2
As, phase difference= 2π/λ * Δx
So, phase difference= 2π/λ * λ/2
Thus, phase difference= π radian
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Fillet Welds
Design a welded connection for an MC 9 ×23.9 of A572 Grade 50 steel connected to a 3⁄8-inch-thick gusset plate. The gusset plate is A36 steel. Show your results on a sketch, complete with dimensions.
a. Use LRFD. b. Use ASD.
The minimum weld size is 3/16 inch (based on the gusset plate thickness). Maximum size = 0.400- 1/16 0.338 in., or 5/16 in to the nearest 1/16 in.
LRFD solution,
P = 1.2D+1.6L 1.2(48)+ 1.6(120) = 249. 6 kips
Try w = 3/16 in.,
OR, 1.392 x 3 sixteenths = 4.176 kips/in.
The base metal shear yield strength (gusset plate controls) is 0.6F, t=0.6(36)
Shear rupture strength is 0.45F₁ = 0.45(58)() = 9.788 kips/in..
The weld strength of 4.176 kips/in. governs. Both longitudinal and transverse welds will be used. To determine the required length of the longitudinal welds, investigate the two options specified in AISC J2.4(c). First, assuming the same strength for both the longitudinal and transverse welds,
Total required length of weld= 249.6 4.176 59. 77 in.
length of longitudinal welds = 59.77-9.00 = 25.39 in.
For the second option, the strength of the longitudinal welds is 0.85(4.176) 3.550 kips/in.
and the strength of the transverse weld is 1.5(4.176) 6.264 kips/in.
The load to be carried by the longitudinal welds is
249.6-9(6.264) = 193.2 kips so the required length of the longitudinal welds is 193.2 2(3.550) 27.21 in.
To minimize the length of the connection, use the maximum weld size permitted. Use W 5/16 in.
PR. 1.392 x 5 sixteenths 6.96 kips/in
First, assuming the same strength for both the longitudinal and transverse welds,
249.6
total required length of weld= = 35.86 in.
6.96
length of longitudinal welds = 35.86-9.00 13. 43 in. 2
For the second option, the strength of the longitudinal welds is
0.85(6.96) 5.916 kips/in.
and the strength of the transverse weld is
1.5(6.96) 10.44 kips/in.
The load to be carried by the longitudinal welds is
249.6-9(10.44) = 155. 6 kips
so the required length of the longitudinal welds is
155.6/ 2(5.916) =13. 15 in.
The second option requires slightly shorter longitudinal welds. Try a 9-inch transverse weld and two 13½-inch longitudinal welds. Check the block shear strength of the gusset plate.
Agy Any 2x (13.5) 10. 13 in.2
Ant= (9) = 3.375 in.2
R = 0.6FA+Ubs FuAnt 0.6(58) (10.13)+ 1.0(58) (3.375) 548. 3 kips with an upper limit of 0.6FyAg+UbsFuAnt 0.6(36) (10.13)+1.0(58) (3.375) 414. 6 kips (controls) The design strength is OR, 0.75(414.6) 311 kips > 249.6 kips.
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a block of mass 2.57 kg lies on a frictionless horizontal surface. the block is connected by a cord passing over a pulley to another block of mass 5.2 kg which hangs in the air, as shown. assume the cord to be light (massless and weightless) and unstretchable and the pulley to have no friction and no rotational inertia. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 Calculate the acceleration of the first block. Answer in units of m/s .
The acceleration of the two blocks are the same and it is 6.56 m/s².
The free-body diagram is in the attached picture.
Applying the Newton's second law of motion,
First block:
T = m₁a ....... (equation 1)
Second block:
m₂g - T = m₂a .... (equation 2)
Where:
m₁ = mass of the 1st block = 2.57 kg
m₁ = mass of the 2nd block = 5.2 kg
T = chord tension
a = acceleration
g = acceleration of gravity = 9.8 m/s²
Substitute equation 1 to equation 2
m₂g - m₁a = m₂a
( m₁ + m₂) a = m₂g
a = [m₂/( m₁ + m₂)] x g
= [5.2 / (2.57+5.2)] x 9.8
= 6.56 m/s²
Hence, the acceleration is 6.56 m/s²
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the picture shows different objects being weighed on scales. which ball will require the most force to lift? a the golf ball because it is the smallest in size b the beach ball because it is the largest in size c the soccer ball because it has the most mass d the baseball because it has the most material
Answer:
C. the soccer ball because it has the most mass
Explanation:
soccer ball - 410 g
beach ball - 110 g
baseball - 143 g
golf ball - 46 g
(i just took the test)
Joe pushes a 50 kg box for 3 meters.
What is Joe's speed?
Explanation:
It is not possible to determine Joe's speed based on the information provided. Speed is a measure of how quickly an object moves over a given distance and is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the time it took to travel that distance. In order to determine Joe's speed, we would need to know how long it took him to push the box 3 meters.
TRUE/FALSE. a pan of enchiladas is served at a dinner party. its starts to cool according to newton's law of cooling
False. A pan of enchiladas is served at a dinner party and it does not start to cool according to Newton's law of cooling.
Newton's Law of Cooling states that the rate of heat loss of a body is proportional to the difference in temperatures between the body and its surroundings. This means that the hotter an object is compared to its surroundings, the faster it will cool.
Therefore, the rate of cooling of the enchiladas would depend on the temperature of the environment in which it is served. If the environment is a warm room, for example, the pan of enchiladas would cool at a slower rate than if it were served in a cold room.
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g an intergalactic spaceship arrives at a distant planet that rotates on its axis with a period of t
a) Radius's general expression is R = ∛T²GM/4π².
b) The mass of the planet in kilograms if T = 26 hours and R = 2.1 × 108 m is 4.9 ×10²⁵kg.
a) The general definition of the radius is R = ∛T²GM/4π²
b) The mass of the planet throughout its geosynchronous orbit is 4.9 × 10²⁵ kg.
T = period of the orbit = 26hours
r = radius of the orbit = = 2.1 × 10⁸ m.
G = gravitational constant = 6.674×10⁻¹¹ m³⋅kg⁻¹⋅s⁻²
M = mass of the planet
Putting the value in the radius equation we get,
R = ∛T²GM/4π²
8.98 ×10⁷ m = ∛ (26 × 60 × 60)² ×( 6.67 ×10⁻¹¹) M/ 4×(3.142)²
M = (8.98 ×10⁷ m ×39.49 )/ (∛2.86 × 10¹⁸)
M = 4.9 ×10²⁵
As a result, the planet has a mass of 4.9 ×10²⁵kg throughout its geosynchronous orbital period.
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The question is -
An intergalactic spaceship arrives at a distant planet that rotates on its axis with a period of T. The spaceship enters a geosynchronous orbit at a distance of R. a) From the given information, write a general expression for the mass of the planet in terms of G and the variables from the problem statement. b) Calculate the mass of the planet in kilograms if T = 26 hours and R = 2.1 × 108 m.
A 50.0 g block of copper whose temperature is 400 K is placed in an insulating box with a 100 g block of lead whose temperature is 200 K. (a) What is the equilibrium temperature of the twoblock system? (b) What is the change in the internal energy of the system between the initial state and the equilibrium state? (c) What is the change in the entropy of the system?
a) The equilibrium temperature of the two block system is 320k
b) The change in the internal energy of the system is zero.
c) The change in entropy is +1.72kj
a) We refer. to the copper. block as block. 1 and the lead block. as block 2. The equilibrium temperature T satisfies
m1c1 (T - Ti) + m2c2 (T - TI2) = 0
T = m1C1Ti1 + m2C2Ti2 / m1C1 + m2C2 = 50 × 386×400 + 100×128×200/50×386 + 100×128 = 320K
T = 320K
b)The internal energy of the two-block system does not change because it is thermally isolated from the outside environment.
C)The change in entropy is ΔS = ΔS1 + ΔS2 = m1c1ln(T /Ti) + m2c2ln(T/Ti)
Δs = +1.72kj
A state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty is most frequently connected with the scientific notion of entropy, which is also a quantifiable physical attribute. The notion and the phrase are employed in a variety of disciplines, including classical thermodynamics, where they were initially identified, statistical physics, which describes nature at the molecular level, and information theory. It has wide-ranging uses in physics and chemistry, biological systems and how they relate to life, cosmology, economics, sociology, weather science, and information systems, particularly the transfer of information through telecommunication.
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in fig. 11-37, a small, solid, uniform ball is to be shot from point p so that it rolls smoothly along a horizontal path, up along a ramp, and onto a plateau.then it leaves the plateau horizontally to land on a game board, at a horizontal distance d from the right edge of the plateau. the vertical heights are h1 ! 5.00 cm and h2 ! 1.60 cm. with what speed must the ball be shot at point p for it to land at d ! 6.00 cm?
The ball must be fired at point p with a speed of 6.635 m/s in order for it to settle at a distance of 6 cm.
Due to it,
Height h1 equals 5 cm
h2 = 1.6 cm tall
Distance d = 6 cm
We are aware that t = (h2/g2) = (1.6*)/9.8 = 0.57 s.
We are aware that distance is simply speed times time.
The expression may be written as d = V1* t V1 = d/t = 6/0.57 = 10.52 m/s based on the aforementioned assertion.
According to the work energy theory, mg(h1-h2) = 1/2* m* V12 - 1/2* m* V22.
When "m" is removed from both sides, 1/2* V12 - 1/2* V22 = g(h1 - h2) 9.8 (5 - 1.6) = 1/2* 10.522 - 1/2* V22 33.32 = 1/2(10.522 - V22) (10.522 - V22) = 66.64 V22 = 44.03 V2 = 6.635 m/s
In light of this, the recommended ball speed is 6.635 m/s.
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A flat uniform circular disk has a mass of 3.00 kilogram and a radius of 70.0 \text{~cm}70.0 cm. It is suspended in a horizontal plane by a vertical wire attached to its center. If the disk is rotated 2.50 \text{~rad}2.50 rad about the wire, a torque of 0.0600 \text{~N}\cdot \text{m}0.0600 Nâ‹…m is required to maintain that orientation. Calculate the rotational inertia of the disk about the wire.
The rotational inertia of the disk about the wire is 243 kilograms*meters^2.
The rotational inertia of a body about a given axis is a measure of the body's resistance to changes in its rotational motion. It is given by the formula I = ∑m*r^2, where m is the mass of each particle in the body, r is the distance of each particle from the axis of rotation, and the sum is taken over all particles in the body.
In this case, the body is a flat circular disk with a mass of 3.00 kilograms and a radius of 70.0 centimeters. The axis of rotation is the vertical wire attached to the center of the disk. To find the rotational inertia of the disk about the wire, we need to calculate the sum of m*r^2 for all the particles in the disk.
Since the disk is uniform, all the particles in the disk have the same mass. Therefore, we can simplify the formula for rotational inertia to I = mR^2, where m is the mass of the disk and R is the radius of the disk. Plugging in the values for m and R, we get
I = 3.00 kilograms * (70.0 centimeters)^2 = 24300 kilograms centimeters^2.To convert this value to the units of rotational inertia (kilogrammeters^2), we can use the conversion factor 1 meter = 100 centimeters. This gives us
I = 24300 kilogramscentimeters^2 * (1 meter / 100 centimeters)^2 = 243 kilograms*meters^2.Learn more about Rotational inertial here:
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the reason that buoyant force acts upward on a submerged object is that question 12 options: if it acted downward, nothing would float. it acts in a direction to oppose gravity. the weight of fluid displaced reacts with an upward force. upward pressure against the bottom is greater than downward pressure against the topof the submerged object.
Option D; Upward pressure against the bottom is greater than downward pressure against the top of the submerged object.
The buoyant force is an upward force applied to objects submerged in fluids. As you swim downward, the water will try to force you back up to the surface, which can be annoying. The buoyant force is the name given to this upward force acting on things submerged in fluids.
The differential in Upward pressure between the top and bottom of the submerged object is the cause. Imagine a bean can being dumped into a watery basin. Since pressure (P gauge=rho gh)(P gauge = gh)left parenthesis, P, start subscript, g, a, u, g, e, end subscript, equals, rho, g, h, right parenthesis grows as you move deeper in a fluid, the force from pressure exerted increases.
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why do the hair straighteners not turn on when only switch s2 is closed?
When only switch s2 is closed the hat straightener will not turn on because the switches are connected In series. for current to flow all the switches must be closed
What is a closed circuit?A closed circuit is a circuit without interruption, providing a continuous path through which a current can flow.. This can be likened to two path ways connected by a bridge to make transportation flow. In a circuit the bridge is the switch or key.
An open circuit is a circuit where the path has been interrupted or "opened" at some point so that current will not flow. An open circuit is also called an incomplete circuit.
When the switch is closed then we will have a closed circuit.
When multiple switches are connected in series with each other, they all must be in the closed position for current to travel through the circuit, thereby energizing the load. The load is the hat straightener here.
Therefore the the hat straightener will not turn on because if only s2 is closed because s1, s2 and s3 are connected in series.
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15. Why are torque rods only really suitable for use in low Earth orbit?
The magnetic field is stronger.
The sensors are sensitive to gases.
The rotation is set at a fixed rate.
There is a limited amount of fuel.
Torque rods only really suitable for use in low Earth orbit due to the magnetic field is stronger option -1 is correct.
What is the process of a torque rod?By preventing the motor from rolling during the transfer of load, torque rods or torque roll restrictors reduce the effect of torque. The difficulties brought on by recovery functions are also addressed. They also stop vibration and noise from traveling from the motor block to the chassis, which limits motor roll.
Electromagnets used for attitude control on spacecraft are called torque rods. The spacecraft experiences a torque and changes in orientation when a current flows through the torque rod, creating a magnetic field that interacts with the geomagnetic field of the planet.
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a solid conducting cylinder of radius r carries a current i. how must the current density vary with the distance r from the center of the conductor if the magnitude of the magnetic field within the conductor is the have the same value at all points.
The current density the magnitude of the magnetic field within the conductor is nevd.
The amount of current flowing per cross-sectional area is referred to as the current density and is expressed in amperes per square meter. As more current flows through a conductor, the current density rises. The term "current density" refers to the amount of current flowing through a material per unit cross-sectional area. Thus, the SI unit for current density must be ampere/m2. The current density is defined as the ratio of the current flowing through a conductor to its cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of current flow. The equation J=n e vd describes the interaction between drift velocity vd and current density J.
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g assuming that 200 mev of energy is released per fission of u235 , the mass of that undergoes fission reactor of power 1MW will be approximatelya. 10^-2gb. 1gc. 100gd. 10.000g
Assuming that 200 Mev of energy is released per fission of u235 , the mass of that undergoes fission reactor of power 1MW will be approximately will be the correct option is a i.e. 10^-2g.
The mass of the material that undergoes fission in a reactor with a power of 1 MW, you need to know the number of fissions that occur per second in the fission reactor. The power of a reactor is the rate at which energy is released by the fission reactions taking place inside it. The energy released per fission of uranium-235 is 200 MeV.
The relationship between power, energy, and time is given by the equation:
Power = Energy / Time
Rearranging this equation to solve for the number of fissions per second gives:
Number of fissions/second = Power / (Energy/fission)
Putting the values from the problem gives:
Number of fissions/second = 1 MW / (200 MeV/fission) = 5 x 10^22 fissions/second
Since the mass of uranium-235 is approximately 235.04 g/mol, the mass of the material that undergoes fission in the reactor is approximately:
Mass = (Number of fissions/second) x (235.04 g/mol) / (6.022 x 10^23 fissions/mol) = 3.93 x 10^-2 g
So, the mass of the material that undergoes fission in the reactor is approximately 3.93 x 10^-2 g, which corresponds to the answer choice "a. 10^-2g".
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compare and constrast bragg's law of diffraction with the grating diffraction equation and the thin-film interference equation. here, we mean the equations that relate spacing and wavelength to the locations of maxima in the diffraction or interference pattern
Laue diffraction, which establishes the angles of coherent and incoherent scattering from a crystal lattice, is a specific example of Laue's law known as Bragg's law. An electronic cloud moves like an electromagnetic wave when X-rays strike a certain atom.
How does Bragg's law work?In physics, the Bragg law describes the relationship between the distances between atomic planes in crystals and the angles of incidence at which these planes generate the strongest reflections of X-rays, gamma rays, and particle waves like those linked to electrons and neutrons.
Waves from two independent sources that produce different wavefronts are said to be causing interference. On the other hand, diffraction is a word for secondary waves that result from the various components.
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match the items on the left with the correct definition on the right. 1 . radiant the top of a light wave 2 . speed of sound 1,100 feet per second 3 . speed of light the frequency of sound 4 . vibrations the bottom of a light wave 5 . pitch the cause of sound 6 . photons the loudness of a sound 7 . amplitude 186,000 miles per second 8 . trough longer wavelength than visible light 9 . crest particles of light energy 10 . microwaves energy of light
The sound speed Pitch at 1,100 feet per second, light speed at 1,860 miles per second, radiant sound frequency, top and bottom vibrations of a light wave, and pitch at 1,100 feet per second.
What exactly are wavelengths and frequencies?The wavelength is the separation between two wave crests, while troughs have the same wavelength. The frequency is the quantity of vibrations that cross a specific area in a second.
How do you calculate wavelength?The distance between any two identical locations on adjacent waves may always be used to calculate the wavelength. A longitudinal wave's wavelength is determined by counting the distance between each compression and the one after that, or from a rarefaction.
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