Which of the following situations violates the second law of
thermodynamics?
OA. A heat pump absorbs 100 J of heat from a cool reservoir and
releases 80 J of heat to a hot reservoir.
B. A heat engine absorbs 100 J of heat from a hot reservoir and
releases 70 J of heat to a cool reservoir.
C. A heat pump absorbs 100 J of heat from a cool reservoir and
releases 120 J of heat to a hot reservoir.
D. A heat engine absorbs 100 J of heat from a hot reservoir and
releases 20 J of heat to a cool reservoir.

The velocity of the third piece is mathematically given as

v=0.88m/s

Generally, the equation for conservation is  mathematically given as

[tex]m u=m_{1} v_{1 \mathrm{x}}+m_{2} v_{2 \mathrm{x}}+m_{1} v_{x}[/tex]

Here, is the mass of the grenade, [tex]m_{1}, m_{2}, m_{3}[/tex] the masses of the pieces after an explosion, and [tex]v_{1 \mathrm{x}}, v_{2 \mathrm{x}}[/tex] are velocities of the first and second pieces after the explosion.

[tex]m u_{1} &=m_{1} v_{1 x}+m_{2} v_{2 \mathrm{x}}+m_{3} v_{x} \\0 &=0+(0.2 \mathrm{~kg})((5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s})\\v_{x} &=\frac{-0.173 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}}{0.3 \mathrm{~kg}} \\&=-0.578 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}[/tex]

the equation for conservation

[tex]m u=m_{1} v_{1 y}+m_{2} v_{2 y}+m_{3} v_{y}[/tex]

[tex]m u_{1} &=m_{1} v_{1 \mathrm{y}}+m_{2} v_{x y}+m_{3} v_{y} \\0 &=(0.10 \mathrm{~kg})(10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s})+(0.2 \mathrm{~kg})\left((5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}) \cos 10^{\circ}\right)+(0.3 \mathrm{~kg}) v_{y} \\v_{y} &=\frac{-1.98 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}}{0.3 \mathrm{~kg}} \\&=-0.661 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}[/tex]

In conclusion, the magnitude of the velocity

[tex]v=\sqrt{v_{\mathrm{x}}^{2}+v_{\mathrm{y}}^{2}}[/tex]

[tex]Substitute $-0.578 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ for $v_{\mathrm{s}}$ and $-0.661 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ for $v_{\mathrm{y}}$[/tex]

[tex]v &=\sqrt{v_{x}^{2}+v_{y}^{2}} \\&=\sqrt{(-0.578 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s})^{2}+(-0.661 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s})^{2}} \\&=0.88 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}[/tex]

v=0.88m/s

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Radius of curvature of the concave mirror is 36 cm.

To find the answer, we need to know about the relation between focal length and radius of curvature.

Here, radius of curvature= 2×18 cm = 36cm

Thus, we can conclude that the radius of curvature of the concave mirror is 36cm.

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Answer:

d)30,000 N

Explanation:

Solution:

mass(m)=1000kg

initial velocity (u)=0m/s

final velocity (v)=15m/s

So,

acceleration (a)=(v-u)/t

=(15-0)/10

=1.5m/s^2

Atlast,

Force(F)=m×a

=20000×1.5

=30,000 N

Statement is False.

Angular Resolution is the smallest angle formed between any two close

objects that can be seen clearly when they are separated.

  The formula for Angular Resolution is:

              Angular Resolution = 1.22λ /a

            where,        λ = wavelength

                               a = telescope diameter

     So here we can see that angular resolution is directly proportional

      to the wavelength which means shorter wavelength will have poor

     resolution and larger wavelength will have large resolution.

       Therefore, the given statement is false.

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When the spring is stretched by 15.2 cm = 0.152 m, the spring exerts a restorative force with magnitude (due to Hooke's law)

[tex]F = kx[/tex]

where [tex]k[/tex] is the spring constant. Solve for [tex]k[/tex].

[tex]49.1\,\mathrm N = k (0.152\,\mathrm m) \implies k \approx 323 \dfrac{\rm N}{\rm m}[/tex]

The amount of work required to stretch or compress a spring by [tex]x\,\mathrm m[/tex] from equilibrium length is

[tex]W = \dfrac12 kx^2[/tex]

Then the work needed to stretch the spring by 15.2 cm is

[tex]W_1 = \dfrac12 \left(343\dfrac{\rm N}{\rm m}\right) (0.152\,\mathrm m)^2 \approx 3.73\,\mathrm J[/tex]

and by 15.2 + 13.7 = 28.9 cm is

[tex]W_2 = \dfrac12 \left(343\dfrac{\rm N}{\rm m}\right) (0.289\,\mathrm m)^2 \approx 13.5\,\mathrm J[/tex]

so the work needed to stretch from 15.2 cm to 28.9 cm from equilibrium is

[tex]\Delta W = W_2 - W_1 \approx \boxed{9.76\,\mathrm J}[/tex]

The energy change of the potato is 2 kJ.

Energy can trade from one shape to some other. As an example, when you turn on a lightbulb, electrical power adjustments to thermal electricity and light power. An automobile adjustments energy stored in the chemical bonds of gasoline to numerous specific paperwork.

The general electricity trade of the response this is the distinction among the reactant's power and the product's strength. If the reactants have extra energy than the goods, energy has been released. If the reactants have much less strength than the products, strength has been absorbed by way of the debris.

The electricity exchange that happens because the end result of a reaction relies upon on the difference among the power of the reactants and the energy of the products. For reactions like combustion, the gas (as an instance wooden) has strength saved inside the chemical bonds among the atoms that make it up.

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Time period for the mass 2.3 kg is 1.23s.

To find the answer, we need to know about the time period of a spring mass system.

time period= 2π×√(m/k)

Time period= 2π×√(2.3/59.5)

= 1.23 s

Thus, we can conclude that the time period of the spring mass system is 1.23 s.

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The magnetic field at the center of the arc is 4 × 10^(-4) T.

To find the answer, we need to know about the magnetic field due to a circular arc.

        B=( μ₀I/4π)×(angle/radius)

B=(μ₀ I/4π)× (0.9/0.006)

  = (10^(-7)× 26.9)× (0.9/0.006)

  = 4 × 10^(-4) T

Thus, we can conclude that the magnitude of magnetic field at the center of the circular arc is 4 × 10^(-4) T.

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Answer:

Mass of the vehicle and small bug.

Explanation:

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The strategy:

The Toro Co. uses a family branding strategy.

What is family branding?

Family branding is a marketing tactic that emphasizes promoting the parent brand name while simultaneously advertising a family of goods and services. It is also sometimes referred to as "umbrella branding," which implies that all branding initiatives are carried out under the parent brand name.

In this case, the parent brand is Toro. The "Toro Motor Company" was founded in 1914 with the goal of producing tractor engines for The Bull Tractor Company. By acquiring Whirlwind Corp., Toro joined the push mower industry in 1948.

All the stated types of machinery are provided under the name of Toro, suggesting that the parent brand name is used to promote sales.

Thus, it is a case of family branding.

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The vertical distance through which the book falls is determined as 1,048.8 m.

The vertical distance through which the book falls is calculated as follows;

h = vt + ¹/₂gt²

where;

h = (16 x sin52)(13.4)  + (0.5)(9.8)(13.4²)

h = 1,048.8 m

Thus, the vertical distance through which the book falls is determined as 1,048.8 m.

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The position in the graph between 4 - 6 seconds is the region of constant velocity.

The term constant velocity refers to the period in the graph when the velocity is not changing with time. As such, the graph is shown to be a flat portion at such a point.

Hence, it follows that the position in the graph between 4 - 6 seconds is the region of constant velocity.

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As per the image: The velocity is maximum at B. The velocity is O at C and A. The acceleration will be O at B

The acceleration is maximum at C and A.

How can it be said?

Two sketches are shown in the attached image. The first one is based on the principle of energy conservation, and it is simple to understand when the velocity is at its highest and when it will be zero.

The pendulum is at its highest height in points A and C relative to the reference point, giving us the most potential energy. Additionally, all of the potential energy had been converted into kinetic energy by the time the pendulum reached point B, therefore this is where its maximum velocity would be.

The second sketch, which displays a free body diagram of the pendulum when it is producing a theta angle with respect to the vertical plane, is shown for the acceleration analysis. Applying Newton's second law and taking into account the forces acting on the pendulum, we arrive at the equation shown in the picture.

With the knowledge that the equation will be zero (0) when the angle theta is 0, we can see that the acceleration, which has the same direction as the velocity, relies on the sin(theta). It implies that at point B, the acceleration will be 0. and at points Cand A, maximum.

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A sign board supported by two strings does illustrate the tension-tension and weight in the free body diagram.

In a sign board supported by two strings, there will be tension in each strings and a force of weight downward due to the mass of the body. The tension of both strings will be in equilibrium to weight of the object.

There will be elastic force or spring force also we can say if a rubber band is being stretched by a person.

A torque will be applied on the door when pulled by two applied forces but there will be no tension.

If a book fall from a table then the book will go under free fall motion, hence there is no possibility of tension tension on the book.

Hence we can conclude that tension tension and weight force will only be there, where we will be having an object supported by strings, also go through the diagram attached for better understanding.

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The person's velocity relative to the shore is determined as 6.5 m/s.

The velocity of the person is calculated as follows;

V(p/f) = V(p) - V(f)

where;

1.5 = V(p) - 5

V(p) = 6.5 m/s

Thus, the person's velocity relative to the shore is determined as 6.5 m/s.

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Use formula (F) = mass × acceleration.

In this case: acceleration = [tex]\frac{F}{2m}[/tex]

Explanation:

Soln:-

Given:-

Volume(v)=5.0cm^3

mass(m)=13.5 gm

density (d)=?

We know that,

d=m÷v

=(13.5÷5)g/cm^3

=2.7g/cm^3

Hence, the required density of aluminum is 2.7g/cm^3.

Answer:

fluoride ion

Explanation:

electric charge of negative 1

The cost of boiling 500cm3 of water using the 3kW kettle is 1.35 P.

The cost is calculated as follows;

1 unit = 9p /kWh

Total energy consumed by 3 kW kettle, E = P x t

where;

E = 3 kW x (3 mins/60 mins/hr)

E = 0.15 kWh

Energy cost = 9 p/kWh x 0.15 kWh = 1.35 P

Thus, the cost of boiling 500cm3 of water using the 3kW kettle is 1.35 P.

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Light bends when it travels from a certain density of matter into a different density of matter. The density of the stuff affects how much it bends. Light bends when it transitions from air to water or from water to air. Light bends when it travels from water to glass or from glass to air. How much light is bent by a particular substance may be determined by its index of refraction. However, Snell's Law and the angle of incidence must be coupled. The angle of refraction increases with increasing angle of incidence. As a result, the water's unique index of refraction bends light entering the medium at an angle of 30°. and that is 1.33.  This means that light in a vacuum travels at 1.33 times faster than light in water. We wouldn't have lenses in the way we do now without refractive index. We would need eyes with pinhole-sized openings in order to see, which would prevent us from seeing clearly or at least in great detail. We wouldn't have had microscopes to view anything in great detail, telescopes to view the moon, planets, or distant things. I could go on, but I think you get the idea: if we didn't have the material characteristic known as refraction, things would be quite different. Well, I guess it's possible that human eyes have evolved to have diffractive lenses, but that's another theory.

________________________

The ability of a substance, whether it is solid, liquid, or gas, to reflect light causes it to move more slowly than it would in a vacuum.

Any substance's refractive index (n) is found by dividing the speed of light in that substance by the speed of light in a vacuum (c) (v).

So

n = c/v

Since a material's refractive index varies depending on the wavelength of light, n = f(wavelength) (n is a function of wavelength). In comparison to longer wavelengths, the index is larger for shorter wavelengths. It's known as dispersion.

When creating lenses or other refractive optical systems, the refractive index and dispersion are both crucial factors. The diverse wavelengths don't come to a common focus, which has a disastrous effect on image quality because index is directly related to how light bends while passing through a lens. We refer to this as chromatic aberration. It's difficult to regulate, but you can achieve it by carefully selecting various glass chemistries and massaging them into position. The glass map showing index as a function of inverse dispersion is seen in the image below. About 20 to 100 is the range of the Abby number, a measure of dispersion; lower numbers indicate more dispersion (larger index difference between red and blue light). Every dot stands for a distinct glass.

Refractive indices range from 1.0003 for air, to over 4.5 for Geranium.

Under the low-power microscope, the kind of specimen Diatoms is Holotype.

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The resonant frequency will decrease.

The natural frequency of an object, where it typically vibrates with a greater amplitude, is another way to describe the resonant frequency.

The formula for time period of pendulum(T) is

T= 2π[tex]\sqrt{} \frac{l}{g}[/tex] where,

l= length of pendulum

g = acceleration due to gravity

So, T is inversely proportional to the square root of g(√g)

It means as the value of g decreases, time period of pendulum increases and vice versa.

As it is given, value of g is less on moon than on earth and it is approx. 6 times less than that of earth.

That's why time period of oscillation of pendulum increases.

Now, as we know that time period is inversely proportional to the frequency.

So as the time period of pendulum on the moon increases, its resonant frequency decreases.

Hence, If we take a given pendulum to the Moon, where the acceleration of gravity is less than on Earth, the resonant frequency of the pendulum will decrease.

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Answer:

448m/s

Explanation:

velocity =frequency × wavelength

v= 173×2.59

v=448.07

v=448m/s

Potential energy , Kinetic energy

Kinetic energy is a form of energy that posses by an object due to its motion. If work, which transfers energy, is done on an object by applying a net force, the object speeds up and thereby gains kinetic energy.

Potential energy is the energy held by an object due to its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors.

According to given condition,

At first,

When a ball is at the top of a hill , it posses a potential energy because the ball is at some height from the surface  where  the energy held by ball is due to its position.

That is why,  a ball at the top of a hill is an example of Potential energy.

Secondly,

When a ball is rolling down the hill , it posses kinetic energy because the ball have some energy that posses by an object due to its motion.

That is why, a ball rolling down the hill is an example of  Kinetic energy.

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The magnitude of the bird's eastward component is 158.6 m and its flying speed is 19.95 m/s.

The eastward component of the bird is calculated as follows;

226² = E² + 161²

E² = 226² - 161²

E² = 25,155

E = √25,155

E = 158.6 m

V = 158.6 m / 7.95 s

V = 19.95 m/s

Thus, the magnitude of the bird's eastward component is 158.6 m and its flying speed is 19.95 m/s.

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The particles that move in orbits of the same radius have the same momentum.

A point particle's three-dimensional angular momentum is traditionally represented by the pseudovector r p, which is the cross product of the particle's position vector r (relative to some origin) and momentum vector, which in Newtonian physics is denoted by p = mv.

L = mr[tex]V_{prep}[/tex] = mr²w is the particle's orbital angular momentum in units of magnitude. The part of the particle's velocity that is here perpendicular to the axis of rotation is designated as [tex]V_{perp.}[/tex] The right-hand rule indicates the direction of the angular momentum. In isolated systems, the angular momentum is conserved.

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Pressure is measured as force per unit area, which is the third option.

Pressure is amount of force that is applied over a given area divided by the size of this area.

Pressure is calculated by multiplying the force applied on the object by the area covered.

Since force is measured in Newtons (N) and area is measured in m², the unit of pressure is Nm².

Therefore, pressure is measured as force per unit area.

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The speed of light when it passes through the new type of glass is 2.04×10^8  m/s.

What is refractive index:

Refractive Index is a value calculated from the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to that in a second medium of greater density.

The refractive index variable is denoted by the letter ' n '.

Here,

The refractive index of a new type of glass is 1.47

n = 1.47

The speed of light in air is c = 3×10^8 m/s

The formula for refractive index:

where v is the speed of light in new type of glass.

Substituting the values into the equation,

1.47 = 3×10^8 / v

v = 3×10^8 / 1.47

v = 2.04 ×10^8  m/s

Hence,

the speed of light when it passes through the new type of glass is 2.04×10^8  m/s

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The reason why Kim's hair rises and sticks out is due to electrostatic attraction.

We know that one of the ways in which a body is able to acquire static charges is by friction. When a body is rubbed against another, there could be loss or gain of charges leaving a net charge on each body.

The process that occurs when some of Kim's hair rises and sticks out toward the balloon, even though the balloon hasn't touched her hair is electrostatic attraction.

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Answer: Cadence braking or Stutter braking is the braking technique slows the vehicle as quickly as possible without locking brakes or losing traction.

Explanation: To find the answer, we need to know more about the Cadence breaking.

Thus, from the above given data, we can conclude that, Cadence braking or Stutter braking is the braking technique slows the vehicle as quickly as possible without locking brakes or losing traction.

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