The subshell representation of an element of Group IV is option C. s² p², since it contains 4 valence electrons.
What are Groups?In the Periodic Table, the Groups are the columns. For the Main-group elements, the group number coincides with the number of electrons in the valence shell.
Which of the following could be the subshell representation of an element of Group IV?
A. s². No, since there are 2 valence electrons.
B. s² p³. No, since there are 5 valence electrons.
C. s² p². Yes, since there are 4 valence electrons.
D. s² p¹. No, since there are 3 valence electrons.
The subshell representation of an element of Group IV is option C. s² p², since it contains 4 valence electrons.
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Two bonding pairs around a central atom results in a ________.
A. tetrahedral compound
B. linear compound
C. trigonal bipyramid
D. octahedral
Answer:
The asnwer to your question is A. tetrahedral compound
Explanation:
A tetrahedral is an object that has a central atom surrounded by four other atoms.
Linear chain compounds are materials composed of one-dimensional arrays of metal-metal bonded molecules or ions.
A trigonal bipyramid formation is a molecular geometry with one atom at the center and 5 more atoms at the corners of a triangular bipyramid.
An octahedron is a polyhedron with eight faces. The term is most commonly used to refer to the regular octahedron, a Platonic solid composed of eight equilateral triangles, four of which meet at each vertex.
I hope this helps and have a good day!
A sample of gas occupies a volume of 72.0 mL . As it expands, it does 141.2 J of work on its surroundings at a constant pressure of 783 Torr . What is the final volume of the gas?
The final volume of the gas is 73.359 mL
Given :
A sample gas has an initial volume of 72.0 mL
The work done = 141.2 J
Pressure = 783 torr
The objective is to determine the final volume of the gas.
Since, the process does 141.2 J of work on its surroundings at a constant pressure of 783 Torr. Then, the pressure is external.
Converting the external pressure to atm; we have
External Pressure P[tex]ext[/tex]:
[tex]P ext[/tex] = 783 torr × [tex]\frac{1 atm}{760 torr}[/tex]
[tex]Pext[/tex] = 1.03 atm
The work done W = [tex]Pext V[/tex]
The change in volume ΔV= [tex]\frac{W}{Pext}[/tex]
ΔV = [tex]\frac{141.2 J \frac{1 L atm}{101.325 J} }{1.03 atm}[/tex]
ΔV = [tex]\frac{0.0014}{1.03}[/tex]
ΔV = 0.001359 L
ΔV = 1.359 mL
The initial volume = 72.0 mL
The change in volume V is ΔV = V₂ - V₁
- V₂ = - ΔV - V₁
multiply both sides by (-), we have:
V₂ = ΔV + V₁
= 1.359 mL + 72.0 mL
= 73.359 mL
Therefore, the final volume of the gas is 73.359 mL .
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i think it’s b, true, & false. anyone confirm?? pls
Answer:
which question is it for
How does the selectivity filter of an ion channel prevent the passage of ions that are smaller or bigger than the ion for which it selects
The selectivity filter of an ion channel prevent the passage of ions that are smaller or bigger through forming the most constricted part of the conduction pathway.
What is an Ion?This is referred to a particle which is charged such as being positive, negative etc.
The selectivity filter being part of the constricted parts will ensure that the appropriate ions are bonded and moved into the cell.
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magenesuim 48.6g + oxygen 32.0 g = magenesuim oxide 80.6 g what is the mass of reactant
Answer:
2Mg+O=2MgO
Explanation:
32gram of reacting
Why don’t all ionic compounds dissolve in water?
Answer:
This is because the ionic forces in those molecules are very high, which creates high lattice energy
Explanation:
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Cell Membranes
Write your procedure. List each step so that another student could follow the procedure and repeat your experiment.
The procedure to perform a cell membrane experiment is to:
Use beetroots cells to measure the permeability of the membraneThis is done to check the content of the pigment It is also meant to check the pigment leaks out of the cells.What is a Cell Membrane?This refers to the semi-permeable membrane that is around the cytoplasm of a cell.
Hence, we can see that the main purpose of the cell membrane practical experiment is to test the permeability of a membrane and to see the amount of liquid that a membrane can hold.
Please note that your question is incomplete so I gave you a general overview to get a better understanding of the concept.
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Noor and hanif wondered how they could produce a higher temperature change, their idea included adding more magnesium, using a different metals and using a different acid
How does the temperature change?
The temperature rise brought on by the interaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid led Noor and hanif to wonder.
Determining the rate of temperature:
In order to gauge the temperature, Noor and hanif each added 10 cm of hydrochloric acid to a test tube. The same pieces of magnesium ribbon were then inserted. The temperature was again measured when the reaction ended.
The rate of temperature rise during a reaction. Heat energy is released when metals react with acids or water. A metal reacts exothermically with either water or acid.
Acid and metal reactions:
The test tube heated up when you added magnesium to dilute hydrochloric acid. Magnesium and hydrochloric acid interaction in an exothermic process.
magnesium + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride + hydrogen
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1. A weather balloon has a capacity of 10 000 L at 100 kPa and 20.00°C. Cesium metal is
reacted with water to fill the balloon with hydrogen gas. How many moles of H₂ must be
generated to fill it?
The number of moles of H₂ that must be generated to fill it is 0.41 mole.
Number of moles of hydrogen gasApply ideal gas law;
PV = nRT
n = PV/RT
where;
P is pressureV is volumeR is ideal gas constantT is temperature = 20 °C = 293 Kn = (10 x 100)/(8.314 x 293)
n = 0.41 mole
Thus, the number of moles of H₂ that must be generated to fill it is 0.41 mole.
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How many grams of carbon are contained in one mole of C3H8? (Report your
answer to two places past the decimal point. Moodle is looking for a number
only, no units.)
Considering the definition of molar mass, the mass of one mole of C₃H₈ is 44 grams.
Definition of molar massThe molar mass of substance is a property defined as its mass per unit quantity of substance, in other words, molar mass is the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.
The molar mass of a compound (also called Mass or Molecular Weight) is the sum of the molar mass of the elements that form it (whose value is found in the periodic table) multiplied by the number of times they appear in the compound.
Molar mass of C₃H₈In this case, you know the molar mass of the elements is:
C= 12 g/mole
H= 1 g/mole
So, the molar mass of the compound C₃H₈ is calculated as:
C₃H₈ = 3 ×12 g/mole + 8 ×1 g/mole
Solving:
C₃H₈ = 44 g/mole
Finally, the mass of one mole of C₃H₈ is 44 grams.
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Compare the concentration of 1 mol of NaCl and 1 mol of MgSO4 ?
The molarity of the NaCl and [tex]MgSO_4[/tex] will be the same.
What are moles?A mole is defined as 6.02214076 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex]of some chemical unit, be it atoms, molecules, ions, or others. The mole is a convenient unit to use because of the great number of atoms, molecules, or others in any substance.
1 mol of NaCl in 1 litre of solution gives 1 M.
1 mol of [tex]MgSO_4[/tex] in 1 litre of solution gives 1 M.
Hence, the molarity of the NaCl and [tex]MgSO_4[/tex] will be the same.
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A scientist uses an accelerator and high energy electrons to study the particles inside the protons of a helium atom. what particles is the scientist studying?
The scientist must be studying the Helium quarks.
Charged particles, such protons or electrons, are propelled at high speeds that are very close to the speed of light by an accelerator. Then, they are smashed either onto a target or onto other particles moving the other way.
Quarks and electrons are the two categories of fundamental particles that make up an atom.
An atom's nucleus is surrounded by an area of electrons. The electrical charge of every electron is negative one.
Protons and neutrons, which together make up an atom's nucleus, are made of quarks. Three quarks are found in each proton and neutron.
A fast-moving point of energy is a quark. Quarks come in a variety of types. Up quarks and down quarks are the two types of quarks that make up protons and neutrons.
The most basic and elementary component of matter is the quark. It is clear that the scientist is examining the quarks inside the proton when high energy particles are bombarded in the helium nucleus to analyze the particles inside. Two up quarks and one down quark are found in a proton.
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A certain first-order reaction a → b is 25% complete in 42 min at 25°c. What is the half-life of the reaction?.
Half life of the reaction is :-101.9 min
a→b
25% reacted means 75% remains
t=42 min
Rate constant
k=(2.303/t)(log a/a-x)
k=(2.303/42)(log 100/100-25 )
k=(0.054) (log 100/75)
k=(0.054)(0.1249)
k=0.0068per min
half life
t1/2=(0.693/k)
=(0.693/0.0068)
=101.9 min
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What happens in stage one of photosynthesis
Answer:
Photosynthesis occurs in two stages. During the first stage, the energy from sunlight is absorbed by the chloroplast. Water is used, and oxygen is produced during this part of the process.
Explanation:
Answer:
Chloroplast absorbs the energy emitted by the Sun.
_____________________________________________________
Context:
Photosynthesis:
The complex process by which carbon dioxide, water, and certain inorganic salts are converted into carbohydrates by green plants, algae, and certain bacteria, using energy from the sun and chlorophyll.
Chloroplast:
A plastid containing chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll:
The green coloring matter of leaves and plants, essentially to the production of carbohydrates by photosynthesis, and occurring in a blush-black form, C55J72MgN4O5 (chlorophyll a), and a dark-green form, C55H70MgtN4O6 (chlorophyll b).
Sun:
The star that is the central body of the solar system, around which the planets revolve and from which they receive light and heat: its mean distance form earth is about 93 million miles (150 million km), its diameter about 864,000 miles (1.4 million km), and it's mass about 330,000 times that of earth; its period of surface rotation is about 26 days at its equator but longer at higher latitudes.
Explanation:
There are two main phases in photosynthesis:
depending on light stage
Clause Cycle (AKA the dark stage or the light-independent stage)
In the light-dependent stage, ATP and NADPH are produced using photons, or light energy. Oxygen molecules start to form during this stage as a byproduct.
Utilizing the materials produced during the light-dependent stage, the Calvin cycle fixes CO2 molecules to produce carbohydrates (sugars). This stage can repeat itself indefinitely since RuBP, the initial chemical required for the stage to go further, also serves as its byproduct.
What is the concentration if 0.25 mil is dissolved in 500cm cubed of solution
Answer:
0.5 mol/dm3
Explanation:
e.g. g/dm3, g/cm3 and mol/dm3
= g dm-3, g cm-3 and mol dm-3
How many electrons do silicon and oxygen atoms need to form octets?
Answer:
We convert two lone pairs of electrons from each oxygen atom to a covalent bond, as seen in the SiO2 Lewis dot structure. As a result, the valence shells of both silicon and oxygen have eight electrons.
structure and bonding t
Answer:
boring it
Explanation:
because boring is life style
60.0 mL of 0.0100 M H3PO4 are required to neutralize 30.0 mL of a solution of KOH. What is the molarity of the potassium hydroxide?
The molarity of the potassium hydroxide required to neutralize 60.0 mL of 0.0100 M H3PO4 is 0.02M.
How to calculate molarity?The molarity of a solution can be calculated using the following formula:
CaVa = CbVb
Where;
Ca = concentration of acidCb = concentration of baseVa = volume of acidVb = volume of base60 × 0.0100 = 30 × Cb
0.6 = 30Cb
Cb = 0.6/30
Cb = 0.02M
Therefore, molarity of the potassium hydroxide required to neutralize 60.0 mL of 0.0100 M H3PO4 is 0.02M.
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there are 3.0 x 10^22 molecules of sucrose in a sample. how many grams of sucrose is this? The molar mass of C12H22O11 is about 342 g
The amount of sucrose in the sample would be 17 grams
Number of molecules of substancesThere are 6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] molecules in 1 mole of every substance.
3.0 x [tex]10^2^2[/tex] molecules will, therefore, be:
1 x 3.0 x [tex]10^2^2[/tex]/6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] = 0.0498 moles
Mass of 0.0498 moles sucrose = 0.0498 x 342 = 17 grams
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When an electr ic cur rent is passed through water , two colou r less gases are produced. When hydrogen gas makes a po pping sound in the presence of a blazing splint, water is produced. Explain how each of these reactions demonst rates that water is a comp ound, not an element.
The lysis reaction with the formation of two different gases, and the synthesis reaction with the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen support that water is a compound and not an element.
What is electrolysis?The electrolysis is the analytical process for the separation or the deposition of the element in the presence of the electric field.
The passing of electric current through water results in the release of two types of gases. Thus, it can be said that water lysis or breakdown forms the release of two elements hydrogen and oxygen supporting the fact that water is a compound and not an element.
The production of water is found to be formed with the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen. Thus it supports that water is a compound and, not an element.
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The substance used for decolorization of undisireable color in a crystalline substance is
The substance used for decolorization of undesirable color in a crystalline substance is powdered animal charcoal
Decolorization is the process of eliminating organic contaminants with vivid colors from the sample mixture.
Unwanted colors are removed by boiling the item with a suitable amount of powdered animal charcoal in a hot solution that has been filtered so that the charcoal may absorb the colors. The charcoal is a finely divided carbon.
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As the effective nuclear charge increases, electron affinity generally _______. Select the correct answer below: decreases increases
As the effective nuclear charge increases, electron affinity generally increases.
What is the relationship between electron affinity and effective nuclear charge?Electron affinity increases to the right, while EI increases to the right and upwards. Thus, the general trend of electronegativity is to grow to the right and upwards. The further to the right, the greater the effective nuclear charge and the greater the atom's ability to pull electrons toward it.
In this case, we can say that as the effective nuclear charge increases, electron affinity generally increases.
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141 ml of 1.2 m aluminum nitrate is mixed with 85 ml of 0.27 m sodium carbonate
Based on the mole ratio of the reaction:
Moles of aluminum carbonate produced = 0.00765 molesMoles of sodium nitrate produced = 0.02295 moles.What is the mole ratio of the reaction between aluminum nitrate and sodium carbonate?The mole ratio of the reaction is given by the equation of reaction as follows:
[tex]2\:Al(NO_{3})_{3} + 3\:Na_{2}CO_{3} \rightarrow Al_{2}(CO_{3})_{3} + 3\:NaNO_{3}[/tex]
The mole ratio of the products and reactants are used to determine the amount of product
Moles of aluminum nitrate reacting = 141/1000 * 1.2 M = 0.1692 moles
Moles of sodium carbonate reacting = 85/1000 * 0.27 = 0.02295 moles
Based on the mole ratio, sodium carbonate is the limiting reactant.
Moles of aluminum carbonate produced = 0.02295 * 1/3 = 0.00765 moles
Moles of sodium nitrate produced = 0.02295 * 3/3 = 0.02295 moles.
Therefore, the moles of the products aluminum carbonate and sodium nitrate produced is determined from the mole ratio of the reaction.
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Put 10 milliliters of distilled water into a second test tube. Label it test tube 2, and place it in the rack. 2. Record the temperature of the water. 3. Measure 2.00 grams of anhydrous copper(II) sulfate (white powder) into a weighing boat. 4. Pour the anhydrous copper(II) sulfate into test tube 2. 5. Measure the final temperature of the solution in test tube 2. Watch the thermometer for a couple minutes, and record the highest temperature it reaches. 6. Calculate the change in temperature. What is the initial temperature in Celsius? What is the final temperature in Celsius?
The reaction is an exothermic reaction and the temperature change is calculated using the formula below:
Change in temperature = final temperature - initial temperatureWhat kind of heat change occurs when anhydrous copper(II) sulfate is dissolved in water?When, anhydrous copper(II) sulfate is dissolved in water, heat is given off to the surroundings and the temperature of the solution formed is higher than the temperature of the water used in dissolving it.
This type of reaction is known as an exothermic reaction.
The temperature increase is calculated using the formula below:
Change in temperature = final temperature - initial temperatureIn conclusion, exothermic reactions result in increase in temperature of their surroundings.
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Answer:my answer
Explanation:
A certain first-order reaction a → b is 25% complete in 42 min at 25°c. What is the half-life of the reaction?.
The half-life of the reaction is 101.9 min
First order reactionWhen a reaction's pace and reactant concentration are inversely correlated, the process is known as a first-order reaction. To put it another way, the reaction rate doubles when the concentration does. One or two reactants can be present in a first-order reaction, as in the case of the decomposition process.
The half-life of first-order reaction:-The amount of time it takes for the initial concentration of the reactant(s) to decrease by half is known as the half-life of a chemical reaction (abbreviated as "t1/2").
Calculation:-a→b
25% reacted means 75% remains
t=42 min
Rate constant
k=(2.303/t)(log a/a-x)
k=(2.303/42)(log 100/100-25 )
k=(0.054) (log 100/75)
k=(0.054)(0.1249)
k=0.0068 per min
half life
t1/2=(0.693/k)
=(0.693/0.0068)
=101.9 min
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If the 3.21 g of NH4NO3 in Example 5.6 were dissolved in 100.0 g of water under the same conditions, how
much would the temperature change? Explain your answers
The temperature of the water will reduce by 2.4 °C from 24.9 °C 22.5 °C.
What is the temperature change?The temperature change when 3.21 g of NH₄NO₃ is dissolved in 100 g of water under the same conditions is determined using the formula:
The quantity of heat, q = mcΔTIn example 5.6, when 3.21 g of NH₄NO₃ is dissolved in 50 g of water at 24.9°C in a calorimeter, the temperature decreases to 20.3°C.
The quantity of heat absorbed, q = -mcΔT
m = 50 + 3.21 = 53.21g
Assuming the specific heat of the solution is the same as that of water;
c = 4.18 J/g/K
ΔT = 20.3 - 24.9 = -4.6 K
q = -(53.21 * 4.18 * -4.6)
q = 1023.12 J
Since, the same mass of NH₄NO₃ is dissolved, the quantity of heat absorbed is the same.
ΔT = - q/mc
m = 100 + 3.21 = 103.21 g
ΔT = - 1023.12 J/103.21 * 4.18
ΔT = -2.4 °C
Therefore, the temperature of the water will reduce by 2.4 °C.
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You are asked to make 500 mL of a 1.2% (w/v) agarose solution. How much grams of agarose must you weigh out to make this
The grams of agarose that are weighed out are 6 g.
The concentration of a solution is expressed in a number of ways like molarity, molality, normality. It is also expressed as w/v, w/w, and v/v.
In w/v, the w represents the weight of the solute and v is the volume of the solution.
w/v = Mass of the solute/volume of the solution
Calculations:
It is given that w/v is 1.2%. This means that 1.2 g of agarose is present in 100 mL of the solution or 1.2 g/100 mL.
The weight of agarose present in 500 mL of the solution is calculated as:
Mass of agarose = (1.2 g/100 mL) x 500 mL
= 6 g
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Ethanol is highly toxic if it is consumed in large quantities. Although it is the second least toxic of the five alcohols discussed in this case, the ingestion of large quantities of ethanol is not safe. One serious problem with ethanol consumption is how the quantity is conveyed to the consumer. For example, American malt liquor can be sold in 23.5 fl. oz. (695 mL) cans and is 12% volume per volume (v/v) ethanol. Although these cans are labeled as containing multiple servings, many young people consider one can to be a single serving. Drinking two cans of this beverage can result in an accidental overdose of ethanol. Two cans may not seem like much until you do the math. In the previous question, you determined that the total volume of pure ethanol in a 695 mL can of American malt liquor is 83.4 mL. To better understand its significance, consider how this volume of ethanol compares with other alcoholic beverages. Calculate the total volume of ethanol in a standard 25.4 fl. oz (750 mL) bottle of liquor (e.g., whiskey, vodka, rum, etc.), which is typically 40% (v/v) ethanol. Enter your answer in milliliters. pure ethanol in liquor: mL Now calculate the total volume of ethanol in a typical 12 fl. oz (354.8 mL) can of light beer, which is 4% (v/v) ethanol. Enter your answer in milliliters. pure ethanol in light beer:
A significant MOE exists compared to developmental toxicity effect levels.
Blood alcohol levels from ABHS approximate consumption of non-alcoholic beverages.
No significant risk of developmental toxicity is expected from ABHS use.
Ethanol-based topical antiseptic hand rubs, commonly referred to as alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS), are routinely used as the standard of care to reduce the presence of viable bacteria on the skin and are an important element of infection control procedures in the healthcare industry.
There are no reported indications of safety concerns associated with the use of these products in the workplace. However, the prevalence of such alcohol-based products in healthcare facilities and safety questions raised by the U.S. FDA led us to assess the potential for developmental toxicity under relevant product-use scenarios.
Estimates from a physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling approach suggest that occupational use of alcohol-based topical antiseptics in the healthcare industry can generate low, detectable concentrations of ethanol in blood.
This unintended systemic dose probably reflects contributions from both dermal absorption and inhalation of the volatilized product.
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4. Every morning we begin our day with a cup of tea which is made up of different components. Identify the process involved and mention its significance.
H2O is boiled with heat. Element which form a tea compound are pour in a cup and and the heated H2O is poured in the cup. Osmosis Occurs. Temperature and Stirring makes Osmosis Faster.
The warm water is poured into the cup together with the ingredients that make up the tea compound. Osmosis happens. Osmosis occurs more quickly with temperature and stirring.
Osmosis is the process by which water molecules pass across a cell's partly permeable membrane from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to one with a lower concentration.
Through the process of osmosis, water is transferred from a location of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration. A semipermeable membrane is a surface that permits the passage of the chosen substances (in this case, water).
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How much heat (in kJ k J ) is evolved in converting 2.00 mol m o l of steam at 135 ∘C ∘ C to ice at -42 ∘C ∘ C ? The heat capacity of steam is 2.01 J/(g⋅∘C) J / ( g ⋅ ∘ C ) , and that one of ice is 2.09 J/(g⋅∘C) J / ( g ⋅ ∘ C ) .
The total quantity of heat evolved in converting the steam to ice is determined as -12,928.68 J.
Heat evolved in converting the steam to ice
The total heat evolved is calculated as follows;
Q(tot) = Q1(steam to boiling point) + Q2(boiling point to ice) +Q3(freezing to -42 ⁰C)
where;
Q is heat evolvedQ = = mcΔθ
where;
m is mass, (mass of water = 18 g/mol)c is specific heat capacity, Δθ is change in temperatureQ(tot) = 2(18)(2.01)(100 - 135) + 2(18)(2.01)(0 - 100) + 2(18)(2.09)(-42 - 0)
Q(tot) = -12,928.68 J
Thus, the total quantity of heat evolved in converting the steam to ice is determined as -12,928.68 J.
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