The spinal cord starts in the medulla oblongata, which is located at the base of the brain stem, & ends in the lower spine, where it tapers to create a cone known as the conus medullaris.
The medulla oblongata, which is the lowest part of the brain stem, is where the spinal cord begins. The conus medullaris, which is the spinal cord's terminal between L1 and L2, is located between the foramen magnum of a occipital bone and L1. The vertebrae surround and protect the spinal cord, which is housed inside the vertebral canal. The spinal cord starts in the medulla oblongata, which is located at the base of the brain stem, & ends in the lower spine, where it tapers to create a cone known as the conus medullaris.The protective three-layer meninges that surround the spinal cord are made of connective tissue. Although they come from the spinal cord, spinal nerves are a component of the peripheral nervous system. The majority of spinal nerves were mixed, carrying both motor efferent axons and sensory afferent fibers.
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Which one of these is not included in the biodiversity hotspots of India?Western GhatsHimalayasIndo-BurmaNorth Indian Plains
The Gangetic Plain is not a hotspot for biodiversity. A biogeographic area known as a biodiversity hotspot has many species that are threatened by modern civilisation.
In two pieces that published in The Environmentalist in 1988 and 1990, Norman Myers originally put forth the concept. The idea was developed by Myers and others after much thought, and they both co-authored "Hotspots: Earth's biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions" and a research that was printed in the journal Nature in 2000. According to Myers' hotspot map from 2000, a region must have at least 1,500 native vascular plant species (more than 0.5% of the total worldwide) and have lost at least 70% of its original primary vegetation in order to be classified.
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Which of the following organisms are ectothermic, or rely on the temperature of their environment to maintain their internal body temperature? Choose all that apply.
a)fish
b)iguanas
c) sea otters
d)whales
e)camels
Fish, amphibians, and reptiles are examples of ectotherms. Warmer climates are typically more favorable for these creatures.
What types of animals are ectotherms?Any animal that is considered to have cold blood, or whose ability to regulate body temperature dependent on outside factors like sunshine or a warm rock surface Fish, amphibians, reptiles, and crabs are all ectotherms.
Can people have ectothermia?Endotherms employ thermoregulation to keep a reasonably constant internal body temperature although when their exterior environment fluctuates, as opposed to ectotherms, which rely on their outer world and for body heat. Endotherms include people, other mammals, and birds.
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macroevolution: changes above the level of species-how would you explain this to another person?
Macroevolution is evolution that happens at or above the species level. It is the outcome of several generations of microevolution. Macroevolution may encompass evolutionary changes between two biotic interactions, as in coevolution, or it may necessitate the occurrence of one or more completely new species.
Macroevolution is commonly defined as the evolvement of structural components and characteristics that go far beyond the intraspecific variation observed in microevolution. In other words, macroevolution is the evolution of taxa above the species level. Anatomy and developmental biology, molecular biology, biogeography, and fossils provide evidence for large-scale evolution, also known as macroevolution. Anatomy shared by various species may be homologous due to ancestry or analogous because of similar selective pressures.
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dissolved salt affects surface tension much like alcohol does. would this have any effect on life living on the surface of fresh water versus living on the surface of salt water
Salt effects of surface tension are of critical importance in many regular phenomena it reasons small droplets of rain to stick to our home windows, creates bubbles while we upload detergent in our sink, and propels water-molecules insects at the surface of ponds.
NaCl salts motivate the growth of surface tension and the residence time of interfacial water molecules. Additionally, they decrease the house time of interfacial n-decane molecules.
Water molecules pull the sodium and chloride ions aside, breaking the ionic bond that held them collectively. After the salt compounds are pulled aside, the sodium and chloride atoms are surrounded by water molecules, as this diagram indicates. as soon as this happens, the salt is dissolved, ensuing in a homogeneous solution.
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One event in a high school track meet is the 400 meter run. If the runners of the 4oo meter event start and end at the same location, what is their DISTANCE?
A. 0 meters
B. 200 meters
C. 400 meters
D. 800 meters
Answer: C 400 meters
Answer: 400
Explanation: The distance run by the participants in a 400 meter event is 400 meters. In a track meet, the 400 meter event is a race in which the runners start and finish at the same location, and they run a total distance of 400 meters. This distance is fixed and does not change, regardless of the speed at which the runners complete the race.
to determine the identity of their biological parents, adopted children sometimes request dna tests. dna samples from the child are compared to dna samples taken from the likely parent. possible relationships may be determined from these tests because the select one: a. base sequence of the father determines the base sequence of the offspring b. mutation rate is the same in closely related individuals c. dna of parents and their offspring is more similar than the dna of nonfamily members d. position of the genes on each chromosome is unique to each family
Why early molecular geneticists knew that the genetic material needed to be a stable molecule?
This allowed for exact replication. Genetic material has to be a stable molecule in order to be handed down from one generation to the next.
Genetics is the study of how traits and genes are passed down from one generation to the next. The data in our DNA has an impact on everything from our health to our appearance to even our personality! Genetics is where it all begins.
Genetics is the study of genes. Our genes pass information from one generation to the next. For example, genetics is the reason why one child has blonde hair like their mother and their sibling has dark hair like their father.
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what hormones do the follicular cells produce and secrete, and what are the functions of these hormones?
Answer:
These follicular cells are the derivates of the endoderm and secrete thyroid hormone. The circulating form of this hormone is thyroxine, which is tetraiodothyronine (T4) along with a small quantity of triiodothyronine (T3).
Arrange the levels of the taxonomic hierarchy from the group containing the most species to the group containing the fewest.Choices:FamilyKingdomClassOrderGenusPhylumDomain
The levels of the taxonomic hierarchy from the group containing the most species to the group containing the fewest are as:
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus
Taxonomy is a subfield of biological science that deals with the representation, identification, naming, and classification of different types of living things. Each level or rank in the taxonomy has a greater number of species than the level or rank that comes after it, although all of the animals possess some qualities in common. The taxonomic ranks (groups) that contain the most species, working their way down to the group that contains the fewest, are as follows:
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus
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Read the article and use the information to answer the following questions. active transport in active transport, molecules are moved across the cell membrane with the help of
In Active transport, molecules are moved across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient, which means option E is the right answer.
Active transport allows movement of particles across the cell membrane with the help of proteins which are present near the membrane. These proteins are known as carrier proteins. Larger molecules which are not proteins such as glucose can also be actively transported across the cell membrane by processes called endocytosis and exocytosis. Active transport refers to the transport of molecules across the membrane that requires the use of energy which is provided using ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) molecules. During this movement, ATP molecules help in movement of particles from low concentration to higher concentration, hence it becomes against the concentration gradient.
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To refer to complete question, see below:
In active transport,
a. molecules move across the plasma membrane by crossing the lipid bilayer directly, rather than by using a transport protein.
b. the plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell.
c. no energy input is required from the cell.
d. a vesicle inside the cell fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents outside the cell.
e. molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient.
Answer: C. Protiens
Explanation:
edge
Describe how natural selection explains the changes in species over time .
English naturalist Charles Darwin discovered the idea of natural selection.
Over time, natural selection process leads to the evolution of species. This is one way to explain how millions of species have existed on Earth. For example, the long necks of giraffes give them a competitive advantage to feed on leaves over other organisms that have shorter necks.
The beneficial characteristics spread throughout the population over time. Favorable traits are transmitted through generations which results in natural selection. Natural selection can result in speciation, the process by which one species gives rise to another that is utterly distinct from it.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. if a drosophila female has a homozygous mutation for a maternal effect gene, _____.
If a drosophila female has a homozygous mutation for a maternal effect gene, all of her offspring will show an abnormal phenotype.
The phenotype of an organism is defined by this phenomenon, independent of the organism's own zenotype, and will be determined by what the mother's genotype is. Here, it is revered for its distinct zenotype. In actuality, the supply of m r is what is principally responsible for this result in this case. It is a result of the arena's supply and the proteins from the mother's side that are present here. We can see from this example that a female roseola, or mutation, will manifest if the mutation is metal and maternal effect recessive.
Therefore, we will state that the maternal gnome controls the functioning of that chemical in this instance.
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How does Lulu connect to the Life as a Hunter
Lulu connect to the Life as a Hunter by looking at their digestive tracks, teeth, size of their intestines, and rectum.
Who is a Hunter?This is referred to as a person or individual who hunts wild animals for food or as a sport and employs the use of instruments such as arrow, guns etc.
In the excerpt from Life as a Hunter, Lulu connected his daily activities and living as a hunter through the observation of digestive tracks, teeth, size of their intestines, and rectum by looking at them which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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The key function of the plasma is in the movement of the platelets around the body.
What is plasma?We know that the circulatory system is composed of the blood and the plasma that moves round the body. The plasma is the tool that together with the blood carries all the nutrients that the individual needs in the body.
We know that the plasma can be found in the lymph nodes and they are help in the transport of materials one of the materials that can be carried in the blood are the digested food as well as the blood platelets.
The blood platelets is the part of the blood that can be able to fight against the invaders and the disease causing organisms that may be able to enter into the body. This would help the body to remain strong.
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how do genetics counselors provide genetic/genomic information to patients and families in a nondirective manner?
Genetic counselors provide genetic/genomic information to patients and families in a nondirective manner by presenting all facts and available options in a manner that neither promotes nor excludes any legally permitted decision or action.
The genetic information of a person may contain information about their own genetic testing, the genetic testing of their family members, and information about the occurrence of a disease or other issue in their family. Family medical history is included in the idea of genetic information since it is frequently used to determine a person's increased risk of contracting a disease, ailment, or condition in the future. Genetic information also includes any embryo that is legitimately possessed by a person or a member of their family utilizing an assisted reproductive technique, as well as any fetus that is being carried by the person or a pregnant family member of the person. It also encompasses an individual's request for or receipt of genetic services, as well as an individual's or a family member's engagement in clinical research that makes use of genetic services.
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why are many contaminants found at higher concentrations in polar bears and people living in greenland than they are in bears and people living in temperate and tropical areas?
Global atmospheric circulation carries airborne toxins toward the poles, where their deposition exceeds evaporation.
Polar bears are known for their calm temperament. They are naturally non-aggressive and will only attack humans when they feel threatened. In general, they are fairly gentle creatures who love to play and swim. These bear species become aggressive when they feel threatened or when their territory is invaded.
Black bears, for example, are generally less aggressive and more tolerant of humans. Although they often live near human settlements, grizzly bears prefer to stay away from human settlements and are often exterminated from heavily used or populated areas. are more robust than polar bears.
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The kidneys remove ______ from the blood.
a. oxygen
b. urea
c. cells
d. carbon dioxide
Drag each statement to the correct category.
Identify each statement as either true or false.
If it is high tide in one place
on Earth, the place exactly
opposite to it will have
a low tide.
Earth’s gravity can act as a
slingshot to boost the velocity
of nearby spacecraft.
The Sun, along with the entire
solar system, moves around
the galaxy.
Without gravity, there would
be no atmosphere surrounding
Earth.
The mass of an object on
Jupiter is greater than its
mass on Earth.
To find the mass of an object,
multiply the weight of the
object and gravity.
Answer:
true:
Earth’s gravity can act as a slingshot to boost the velocity of nearby spacecraft.
The Sun, along with the entire solar system, moves around the galaxy.
false:
If it is high tide in one place on Earth, the place exactly opposite to it will have a low tide.
Without gravity, there would be no atmosphere surrounding Earth.
uncertain:
The mass of an object on Jupiter is greater than its mass on Earth.
To find the mass of an object, multiply the weight of the object and gravity.
Explanation:
A scientist treats a cell with a chemical that destroys the ribosomes. As a result, which cell process will be stopped?
a. Osmosis
b. Protein Synthesis
c. Photosynthesis
d. Cellular Respiration
reheating food to a temperature sufficient to kill bacteria is helpful in making food safer. however, is there a way that one can get food poisoning despite food having been reheated?
Toxins may be heat-stable above temperatures that kill germs in some situations.
Bacteria are not destroyed at temperatures below 40 degrees. Bacterial growth is inhibited but not stopped. Cooking food at temperatures of 165 degrees or above is the only technique to destroy microorganisms by temperature. Bacteria are also killed in very acidic situations, such as pickle juice.
Cooking and reheating are the most efficient methods for removing bacterial risks from food. Most foodborne germs and viruses can be eliminated when food is cooked or reheated for an extended period of time at a high enough temperature. Food should have a core temperature of at least 75°C.
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what does alpha hemolysis look like on blood agar? what do bacteria do to rbcs to produce the typical color of alpha hemolysis
Alpha hemolysis looks like green or brown discoloration on blood agar. Bacteria will partially hemolyze the RBCs in the blood agar.
Blood agar is a multipurpose, enriched medium that is frequently used to cultivate fastidious organisms and distinguish bacteria according to their hemolytic capabilities.
The oxidation of hemoglobin from red blood cells to methemoglobin in the media around the colony is known as alpha hemolysis. As a result, the medium becomes stained green or brown discoloration around the colonies.
The bacteria present in the blood agar produce hydrogen peroxide. This will partially hemolyze the red blood cells in the agar and convert the hemoglobin to methemoglobin.
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what would you expect to see if you plated some of your transformed bacteria onto a plate without antibiotic? would there be an advantage to doing this (in terms of understanding your results)? explain.
We would observe the emergence of new types of contaminating microorganisms.
This would be beneficial since it would show how the changed bacteria would interact with the bacteria that are naturally present around them.
Bacteria may be able to quickly adapt to their surroundings by modifying their environmental DNA. This may help bacteria by promoting the spread of antibiotic resistance, but it may also be detrimental if it eliminates advantageous genes from a population.
Sanger sequencing is the most accurate method of confirming your recombinant colonies. The first step is to separate the plasmid DNA from an overnight bacterial growth.
When everything is finished, the insert can be located using sequencing primers designed for the chosen vector.
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why might the cricket genome have eleven times as many base pairs as that of drosophila melanogaster?
More non-coding DNA must exist in crickets. They encode a DNA synthesis enzyme that starts with an RNA template.
Why is it more challenging to discover eukaryotic genes using genomic methods than bacterial genes?Regulating sequences, like exon-intron boundaries, are unfortunately varied, more so in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes, and not all genes in eukaryotes have the same set of regulatory sequences. Therefore, it is difficult to find genes using these.
Why could the number of genes in the genome be less than the variety of proteins that an organism produces?Since many genes are subjected to alternative splicing, the same gene can create a variety of proteins with various exon arrangements.
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synthetic polymer fibers, which all originate with petroleum products, are cellulose-based fibers. t or f
It is true that cellulose serves as the basis for synthetic polymer fibers, which are all made with petroleum chemicals.
The most popular kind of regenerate fiber is rayon, which is made from cellulose and is primarily a plant-based material. Cellulose-based fibers include synthetic polymer fibers, which all come from petroleum. However, polyester is rapidly destroyed by strong, mild acids despite having characteristics similar to nylon.
The term "synthetic fibers" refers to man-made fibers created by chemically modifying natural materials or polymers generated from coal or petroleum. They are typically semicrystalline polymers that can be extruded and drawn into different cross-sectional shapes. Cellulose-based fibers include synthetic polymer fibers, which all come from petroleum. While polyester shares many characteristics with nylon, it is more easily dissolved by weak and concentrated acids. Textiles or fabrics are made from fibers.
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Robert Merton argued that when too much deviance happens, it is generally because of how society is organized. What is this theory known as?
A.
strain theory
B.
theory of deviance
C.
control theory
D.
labeling theory
When too much deviance happens, it is generally because of how society is organized. The theory is called the Strain Theory. Thus, A is the best option.
Dr. Robert Merton accelerated the paintings of French sociologist Émile Durkheim on anomie together with his concept of deviance and social pressure. Dr. Merton argued that society is probably installed in a manner that promotes an excessive amount of deviance.He believed that societies do now no longer offer an adequate manner of attaining cultural desires. Taking the case of the United States, to gain the American Dream, American society might want to offer to get the right of entry to schooling and employment.Based on pressure concept, Dr. Merton described 5 sorts of deviance:-
Conformity: When the character or institution accepts cultural desires and the manner of achieving them. Without their majority, a society might generally tend to transport itself in the direction of a kingdom of disorder, confusion, and disorganization. Innovation: This entails accepting the desires of a way of life however rejecting the conventional or valid manner of achieving the one desires. Ritualism: the character or institution reject cultural desires however be given the conventional and/or valid manner to achieve cultural desires. for example, those who accept that they'll never progress however what remains of their function is a ritualist.Retreatism: When someone or an institution rejects each of the cultural desires and the conventional manner of attaining one's desires. They usually generally tend to achieve this to break out the constructs of each of the culturally-authorized desires and the valid manner of attaining them.Rebellion: When someone purpose to update societal desires with the ones in their personal and devise their personal manner of attaining them.The maximum apparent examples of insurrection are terrorist organizations, which try to enhance an aim, via manner inclusive of violence.To learn more about Strain theory,
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Review the table detailing the mass of Jupiter’s moons and their distance from the planet.
A 3 column table with 4 rows. The first column is labeled Moon with entries Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto. The second column is labeled mas in x 10 Superscript 19 Baseline kilograms with entries, 8.932, 4.8, 14.819, 10.759. The last column is labeled Distance from Jupiter in meters with entries, 421700, 671034, 1070412, 1882709.
Which of Jupiter’s moons has the greatest gravitational force with Jupiter?
Io
Europa
Ganymede
Callisto
The Jupitar moon that would have the greatest gravitational force with Jupiter is Ganymede. Option C
What is the gravitational force?We know that the gravitational force has to do with the force that is exerted by one object on the other owing to the fact that they are all with the gravitational field of the universe. We must know that the universe is a great gravitational field.
The gravitational force that acts on objects in the universe is an attractive force. Hence we know that masses that are in the universe are able to be attracted to each other by reason of the force of gravity that is operating in the universe.
We know that the magnitude of the gravitational force depends on the mass of the objects as well as on the magnitude of the distances that separates the objects in the universe.
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Answer: c Ganymede
Explanation:
which best illustrates a result of natural selection?a bat that is born with a wing that is missing the webdark-colored hares living in a snowy areamosquitoes that transmit disease to humansgiraffes having increasingly longer necks over time
Giraffes having increasingly longer necks over time best illustrates a result of natural selection.
Natural selection is the process by which individuals with different phenotypes survive and reproduce differently. It is a critical component of development, the adjustment of the heritable qualities normal for a populace overages. The giraffes' long necks are a great illustration of how animals adapt to their natural environment. Giraffes have a competitive advantage because they can now eat leaves that others can't reach thanks to their long necks. Those with longer necks were able to reproduce and pass on the trait to the next generation because they had access to better food.
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henry has a cut on his thigh that becomes infected. the lymph nodes in his __________ enlarge.
Henry has a cut on his thigh that becomes infected. The lymph nodes in his inguinal region enlarge.
A lymph node or lymph gland, is a kidney-shaped lymphatic and immune system component. The lymphatic veins connect a huge number of lymph nodes to one another throughout the body.
The lower section of the anterior abdominal wall is the part of the body where inguinal region, (also referred to as the groin) is located.
Lymph nodes play an important role in fighting viral or bacterial invasion in the host system by multiplying to promote phagocytosis thus, typically leads to swollen lymph nodes.
Inguinal lymph nodes are another name for groin lymph nodes. Any type of skin infection or injury to the leg, including thigs, can result in swollen lymph nodes in the groin.
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what change occurred in each population of bacteria from the early generation to the later generation ?
The maximal population of some bacterial species at the end of the log phase can reach a density of 10 to 30 billion cells per milliliter under ideal circumstances.
Since the very beginning of life on Earth, bacteria have existed.
There is strong evidence that bacteria have existed since the early Precambrian Period, or roughly 3.5 billion years ago, as evidenced by the discovery of fossilized bacteria in rocks from the Devonian Period (419.2 million to 358.9 million years ago).
At least since the Paleoproterozoic period, which lasted for around 1.8 billion years, when oxygen was produced by cyanobacteria and entered the atmosphere, bacteria have been present in large numbers on Earth.
As a result, bacteria have had plenty of time to evolve into a variety of offspring forms and adapt to their environs.
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what is one difference between the naturally occurring crispr system and the engineered crispr system used in the lab?
The difference between the naturally occurring CRISPR system and the engineered CRISPR system used in the lab is there is a single guide RNA that interacts with Cas9 in the naturally occurring system.
The vital first step in genome editing is to precisely target a particular DNA sequence. Target sequences in biological systems can be found thanks to the interaction between the Cas9 protein and the guide RNA.
The Cas9 protein finds and cleaves the target DNA in CRISPR/Cas systems that are both natural and artificial. The six domains that make up the Cas9 protein are the REC I, REC II, Bridge Helix, PAM Interacting, HNH, and RuvC domains.
The interaction with guide RNA is carried out by Rec I, the biggest domain. The function of the REC II domain is currently unknown. The target DNA must start the cleavage process once it has attached to the arginine-rich bridging helix.
What is one difference between the naturally occurring CRISPR system and the engineered CRISPR system used in the lab?
a. Cas9 makes single-stranded cuts in the DNA in the naturally occurring system
b. there is a single guide RNA that interacts with Cas9 in the engineered system
c. the PAM is required only for the function of the engineered system
d. there is a single guide RNA that interacts with Cas9 in the naturally occurring system
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