When a tastant enters the mouth, what are all the structures it passes on its way to
becoming a fully
processed neural signal? Fill in the blanks below.
The food enters the mouth, passing the [1] (tip) of the tongue. It is moved around by the
motion of the tongue and teeth as the food is chewed. Its movement is facilitated by [2]
on the tongue, which are jagged, aiding them in their ability to move food. [3], on the [4]
of the tongue, and [5], located [6], come in contact with the [7].
Both types of papillae have [8] that have receptors for the individual tastes-sweet, sour,
salty, umami (savory), and bitter. Once a tastant is bound to the receptor, it creates a
signal that travels through one of three cranial nerves, depending on the location of the
taste bud. For a taste bud located on the front of the tongue, the signal travels through
the [9]. For a taste bud located on the back of the tongue, the signal travels through the
[10]. For a taste bud located on the middle and back of the tongue, the signal travels
through the [11]. These signals travel to the [12] of the brainstem, where they are
relayed to the [13] for higher processing.

Answer:

I don't know this sorry

I read in class 8

I think this question is from class 6

the part of the sun visible during solar eclipses

Answer:

Some flowers use scent to attract pollinators. Scent is a signal that helps pollinators find and select particular flowers. These floral scents are typically a complex mixture of highly volatile compounds and essential oils that flowers emit into the atmosphere. A flower scent's structure, color, and odor are important in attracting pollinators. Flowers can be identical in their color or shape, but no two floral scents are exactly the same because of the diversity of volatile compounds, relative abundances, and interactions.

A pollinator detects a flower's scent and follows the concentration gradient of the chemical producing the scent to the flower. Plant species pollinated by bees and flies have sweet scents and those pollinated by beetles have strong musty, spicy, or fruity odors. Flowers that use scents to attract their pollinators are generally drab in appearance, white or purple-brown to dark red-brown, and exude very strong scents that can be detected at a distances over one kilometer.

The aroma of some flowers can draw pollinators. Pollinators use scent as a signal to locate and choose particular blooms.

Thus, These floral scents are often a complex blend of essential oils and highly volatile chemicals that flowers release into the atmosphere. Pollinators are drawn to flowers by their structure, colour, and aroma, among other factors.

Although the color and structure of flowers may be the same, no two floral odors are exactly alike due to the variety of volatile chemicals, their varying relative abundances, and their interactions.

A pollinator picks up the scent of a flower and travels to it by following the gradient of concentration of the chemical that produces the scent.

Thus, The aroma of some flowers can draw pollinators. Pollinators use scent as a signal to locate and choose particular blooms.

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The base of an adenine molecule is made of ribose sugar molecules

In this case, the number of possible gamete combinations that can be produced is equal to six (6).

Gamete combination refers to the possible alleles in different gametes produced by an individual.

In the case of unlinked alleles, there are 6 gamete combinations for these three heterozygous loci (YSH, YSh and Ysh, ySH, ySh and ysh).

In conclusion, the number of possible gamete combinations that can be produced is equal to six (6).

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Answer:

I believe the answer is : The Concentration of Hydrogen Irons in Solution.

Explanation:

pH means "potential of hydrogen" and is used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

Answer: movement is always voluntary

Explanation:

Muscles are contractile:

- Contractility is the ability of muscle cells to forcefully shorten. Think of having the ability to flex a muscle.

Muscles are excitable:

- Excitable tissue can conduct or transmit electrical impulses. Basically, it can react to stimulus, which may be delivered from a motor neuron or a hormone. For example, the hormone epinephrine helps muscles to produce force.

Muscles respond to stimulus:

- well since muscles are an excitable tissue, they can react to stimulus. (see answer above)

————————

Muscle movement is NOT always voluntary:

- Some muscle movement is voluntary, which means it is under conscious control. For example, a person decides to open a book and read. Other movements are involuntary, meaning they are not under conscious control, such as the contraction of your pupil in bright light, breathing, blinking, your heart beating, etc.

- Therefore, the correct answer is:

movement is always voluntary

hope this helps :)

Answer:

the answer is c

Explanation:

Plants undergo nutrition and respiration at the same time

Answer:

Student A is correct.

Explanation:

Viruses are not alive. Living things are defined as having cells, and viruses only have a protein coat to protect their genetic material. They are not made out of cells, therefore, they are not alive.

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In a DNA molecule, the complementary strand is the one composed of bases that pair -complement- the bases of the original strand. The complementary strand is TACCCGATCAGAA.

During DNA replication, the molecule unwinds and the two strands are separated. These are the original strands.

Once the strands are separated, the elongation process begins, in which new nucleotides are added to complement each of the original strands.

A DNA molecule grows composed of an old existing strand, which is  used to synthesize the new complementary strand.

After DNI replication each new molecule carries an original DNI strand and a new one.

So, the complementary strand is the new one composed of bases that pair the bases from the original strand.

In DNA molecules, Adenine pairs Thymine, and Cytosine pairs Guanine.

In the exposed example,

            Original strand ⇒ ATGGGCTAGTCTT

Complementary strand ⇒ TACCCGATCAGAA

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Answer:

condensing

Explanation:

Consider having to transport a kilometer-long strand of cooked spaghetti from one end of a wood to the other without causing any harm. It will very likely break if you drag it behind you. Attempting to transport an uncondensed chromosome through the viscous cytoplasm is analogous to this. As with the spaghetti, the answer is to roll it up so you can transport it safely; for the cell, the answer is to condense the chromatin into the chromosomes that are visible during mitosis and meiosis.

Excisions performed within the Musculoskeletal system are categorized based on: anatomical site, size, partial or complete, other procedures done separately.

Excisions are be defined as the process of cutting or removing tissue from part of the body, while on the other hand musculoskeletal system are what make it possible for you move your body and your joints.

This musculoskeletal system  comprises of or are made-up of the following:

Excisions performed within the Musculoskeletal system are categorized based on the following:

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Answer: site, size, partial or complete, other

Explanation:

Excisions performed within the Musculoskeletal system are categorized based on: anatomical site, size, partial or complete, other procedures.

Answer:

precautions for asthma are

Answer:

The five steps of DNA replication are (1) DNA unzips, (2) complementary bases come in, (3) the sugar-phosphate backbone is constructed, (4) the backbone bonds to bases and bases bond to each other, and (5) the bases are proofread.

You may thus remember that your cells produce enzymes as catalysts to carry out activities. Your cells turn on an enzyme called DNA helicase for DNA replication. Your DNA is grabbed by the helicase molecule, which then gently unravels and unwinds the entire DNA molecule. Another group of enzymes known as DNA polymerase follow behind it as it moves.

There are also free-floating nucleotides present in your cell. Normally, your cell utilizes them to build RNA for communications, but now the DNA polymerase enzymes take them up and assemble them into new DNA. If the polymerase tries to insert the incorrect nucleotide, it won't fit since each nucleotide can only ever link to its matching nucleotide (A->T, G->C), which stops the process. Another nucleotide is taken after discarding the erroneous one. The leading edge is created in this manner.

Another enzyme, which should be mentioned, primes the nucleotides with phosphate groups that the polymerases grasp onto and then discard when the nucleotides are integrated into at the DNA strand.

It becomes a little trickier with the lagging strand. The polymerase will move in the same direction as the helicase on one side because the polymerases can only move in one way (5'-3'), but it cannot move in the opposite direction on the other. The open DNA on that side is instead read by a different enzyme known as DNA primase (there are many of them), which then synthesizes RNA segments that are identical. A different polymerase converts the RNA primer to DNA, followed by a third enzyme (DNA ligase) that joins the ends of those DNA segments to create the new whole DNA from the lagging strand. This process starts with one polymerase using the primer to attach and build DNA in the opposite direction of the helicase.

The two new complete sets of DNA are therefore formed from the leading and lagging strands. The other half is composed of the old DNA that was divided in half, while the first half is entirely new and formed of free nucleotides.

The process by which your cells divide then involves bundling up the DNA, dividing, and a whole bunch of other things.

The primase is not what puts the extra phosphate groups onto the loose nucleotides. As far as I'm aware, that's part of their construction. Those phosphate groups are what provides the energy for the polymerase to attach them to the DNA strand, after which they're discarded to be picked up and reused later to build more nucleotides. The nucleotides themselves are made with a different series of enzymes.  Suffice it to say, enzymes are like tiny molecular robots in a factory using chemical reactions to build what your cell needs, each enzyme responsible for one of the often many reactions needed. The process for constructing nucleotides is over my head, but it boils down to a series of enzymes putting molecules together and changing their shape.

What primase does is construct the RNA primers that the polymerase fuses to the DNA strand to become the other half of that side of the DNA.

The lagging strand isn't smaller, it's just being constructed in the opposite direction from the way the DNA is being unzipped by the helicase. Typically, you picture DNA like a twisted ladder, but that's not quite right. The reason it has the twist has to do with the structure of the base pairs. The two chains of the DNA run opposite from each other. If you're looking at it like a ladder, one side is "upside down". The helicase starts unzipping from either end of the DNA strand, but for one side of the DNA it's unzipping 3'-5', and for the other side it's unzipping 5'-3'.

The polymerase only constructs DNA going from the 5' end to the 3' end. For half the DNA, this works perfectly fine - it follows merrily along behind the helicase as it unzips the DNA strand. As each base pair separates, the polymerase just pops a new base onto the half it's attached to. For the other half, though, from its perspective the DNA is getting unzipped 3'-5', which is opposite the direction the polymerase can go. It can't follow behind the helicase. Instead, primase comes in and builds RNA segments in the 5'-3', "backwards" from the helicase, giving the polymerase something to grab and go the direction it wants to go.

Answer:

In an open system matter and energy can be transferred ·

In a closed system only energy can be exchanged ·        

In an isolated system neither matter nor energy can be exchanged ·         The cell has to be an open system because it needs to exchange matter and energy and the only way to do so is through an open system ·        

As an open system the cell allows nutrients to enter the cell and waste products to exit the cell ·      

The cell does this through the use of a semi-permeable membrane

Explanation:

A cell is an open system. This means that it exchanges matter and energy with its surroundings. For example, a cell takes in nutrients from its surroundings and releases waste products. It also takes in energy from sunlight or food and releases energy in the form of heat or work.

One example of a cell organelle that illustrates the open nature of the cell is the mitochondrion. Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell, and they produce ATP, which is the cell's main source of energy.

Mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane, and the space between the membranes is filled with a fluid called the mitochondrial matrix. The mitochondrial matrix contains enzymes that are involved in the production of ATP.

The mitochondrial matrix is also in contact with the cytoplasm of the cell, which is the fluid that fills the cell. This means that the mitochondria can exchange substances with the cytoplasm.

For example, the mitochondria can take in nutrients from the cytoplasm and release waste products.

The open nature of the cell is essential for life. If the cell were a closed system, it would not be able to exchange matter and energy with its surroundings. This would mean that the cell would eventually run out of nutrients and energy, and it would die.

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Answer:

The human male's body is made of around 60% water, while human females are made of 55%. The closest answer you have here is 73.

Answer:

this is the liquid portion of blood plasma is 90% water makes up the more than half total blood volume other 10% is protein molecules included analyse clothing agents is hum system compounds plus other body institutional such as vitamins and hormones

Answer:

Explanation:

Translation ends in a process  that called ( termination) .

Termination happens when a stop codon in the mRNA (UAA , UAG ,  UGA ) enters the A site.

Stop codons are recognized by proteins called release factors,

which fit neatly into the P site (Though they aren't tRNAs ) .

Answer:

Termination

Explanation:

The process of transcription involves creating RNA from a DNA template.

In the last stage of transcription, known as termination, the DNA-RNA hybrid separates from the original strand of RNA. Recognizing the point at which no more bases should be added is necessary for terminating transcription. The DNA sequence needed for termination is known as the terminator and consists primarily of the poly U region. At this point, the enzyme stops adding nucleotides to the developing RNA strand and separates from the DNA template.

This process is used by bacteria in two different ways.

1. Initial termination ( Rho - independent )

In this instance, the transcript strand creates a hairpin shape by creating G-C rich inverted repetitions, which permits the creation of a hair-pin structure at this position. However, the transcription bubble is insufficient to support the DNA-RNA hybrid, and the RNA polymerase is then knocked off.

2. Rho — DEPENDENT

Rho is a protein that is involved in this kind of termination process. The RNA-stimulated helicase Rho factor, which disrupts RNA-DNA hybrids, is ATP dependent. At the rut location, this Rho protein binds to RNA ( Rho utilization site ). Rut has to be free of the ribosome in order to bind Rho. When RNA polymerase stops moving at the rut site, Rho protein catches the polymerase and uses helicase activity to separate the DNA-RNA hybrid.

The Urine output of the patient for the 12-hour period is 63.4 mL/hour.

Urine output is the amount of urine per hour produced by a patient.

To determine the urine output of a patient, the following formula is used:

Total urine output = 645 + 50 + 66 = 761 mL

Total time = 12 hours

Urine output = 761 mL/12 hr

Urine output  = 63.4 mL/hour

In conclusion, the urine output of the patient is determined from the ratio of the total urine output and time taken.

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Answer: 4, 1, 3, 2

Explanation:

Answer:

choice B

Explanation:

4, 1, 3, 2 because hydrogen comes in as water then is broken down then is turned into glucose and glucose is used in cellular respiration

The hormones that bind to ion channels on neurons and cause them to open represent an example of ligand-gated channels (Option a).

Ligand-gated channels are specific receptors on the cell membrane that bind to different molecules.

This binding can cause a concomitant cellular response such as activating a phosphorylation-associated signaling pathway.

In conclusion, hormones and their receptors are an example of ligand-gated channels (Option a).

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Explanation:

The nucleus is particularly important among eukaryotic organelles because it is the location of a cell's DNA.

Mitochondria play important roles in energy conversion and are thought to have their evolutionary origins as simple single-celled organisms.

Ribosomes are small cellular structures and are the site of protein synthesis. Ribosomes are found in all cells.

Chromosomes are very important because they contain vast majority of genetic information of organism. The organism's DNA is contained within the chromosome as a long series of nucleotides thar are organised into genes. And helps to inherit the characters of parents to their offsprings.

The nucleus is the control center of the cell.  Chromosomes are structures in the nucleus that contain DNA. Mitochondria are organelles that are often called the "powerhouses" of the cell. Ribosomes are organelles that are responsible for protein synthesis.

Nucleus: It contains the cell's DNA, which is the genetic material that determines the cell's structure and function. The nucleus also contains proteins that are involved in gene expression, which is the process by which DNA is decoded to produce proteins.

Chromosomes: There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in human cells, for a total of 46 chromosomes. The chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins, and they are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information.

Mitochondria:  They are responsible for producing ATP, which is the cell's main source of energy. Mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane, and the space between the membranes is filled with a fluid called the mitochondrial matrix. The mitochondrial matrix contains enzymes that are involved in the production of ATP.

Ribosomes: They are made up of two subunits, and they are located in the cytoplasm of the cell. Ribosomes can also be found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Proteins that are synthesized by ribosomes are used by the cell for a variety of purposes, including structure, metabolism, and transport.

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Answer:

The test cross is performed to determine the genotype of a dominant parent if it is a heterozygous or homozygous dominant. On the basis of the results obtained in the ratio of the offspring, it can be predicted that the parent is having which genotype.

Answer:

WOULD HAVE HELPED IF I HAVE STUDIED THIS TOPIC I AM EXTREMELY SORRY

Explanation:

Hello!

The statement which best describes Earth's atmosphere :

It includes all living and once-living things.

These include everything from humans to trees.

For an experiment performed in the laboratory to be effective, a controlled environment is essential.

A laboratory will help to increase the reliability of hypothesis testing, as there will be less interference from the external environment in the experiment.

The design of the laboratory must then be aligned with the needs of the experiment, providing materials and an environment necessary for carrying out the experiment and learning.

Corresponds to a scientific methodology used to test hypotheses on a topic, through the manipulation and control of variables to prove or disprove an assumption.

Therefore, a scientific experiment carried out in the laboratory will help to reduce bias and interference, generating greater reliability in the results found.

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Answer: C. Hurricanes gain energy from warm water. The warmer the water, the more energy that is available to create hurricanes.

Explanation: warm water provides more energy to fuel the storms. and climate simulations have showed an increase in stronger hurricanes as the warming continues

The two organs found in both frogs and humans are a heart and a pair of lungs.

Both humans and frogs have hearts. While human hearts have 2 ventricles and 2 atria, the heart in frogs has only one ventricle and 2 atria.

Lungs are present in humans as well as in frogs. The walls of the lungs in frogs are somehow thinner than that of humans. Also, while frogs can breathe through means other than their lungs, humans can only breathe with their lungs.

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