These embryonic stem cells are pluripotent. This means they can change into multiple cell types.
Cells that can differentiate into all cell types in an adult organism are called pluripotent. Although such cells are called meristematic cells in higher plants and embryonic stem cells in animals, some groups have adult pluripotent cells present in the developing embryo 4–7 days after fertilization.
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are found in the inner cell mass of the human blastocyst, an early stage of the developing embryo lasting from the 4th to 7th day after fertilization. In normal embryonic development, they disappear after the 7th day and begin to form the three embryonic tissue layers.
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A group of students are studying flower color inheritance in the garden pea plant (Pisum sativum).
They obtain a purple-flowered pea plant of unknown ancestry, allow it to self-pollinate, and
collect 60 of its seeds. After planting the seeds, they observe the growth of 42 purple-flowered
plants and 18 white-flowered plants.
Which of the following best explains the flower colors seen in the offspring?
Choose 1 answer:
A. A somatic mutation in the flower color gene produced the white flower color.
B. White flower color is a trait recessive to purple flower color.
C. Purple flowers and white flowers are codominant.
D. The flower color changes as the plants mature.
B. White flower color is a trait recessive to purple flower color
why must compensatory articulatory efforts often be implemented with the cerebral palsied individual?
People with cerebral palsy may be unable to achieve regular articulation. Cerebral palsy refers to a group of disorders affecting movement, muscle tone, and posture.
It is caused by damage to the developing, immature brain, which usually occurs before birth. Symptoms and signs appear during childhood or preschool. In general, cerebral palsy causes impaired movement that is characterized by exaggerated reflexes, floppiness or spasticity of the limbs and trunk, unusual posture, involuntary movements, unsteady walking, or some combination of these symptoms.
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which areas of the brain are most responsible for activating the body’s defense cascade?
Areas of the brain are most responsible for activating the body’s defense cascade the extended
amygdala
, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray (
PAG
), ventral pontine tegmentum, ventral and dorsal medulla, and spinal cord.
Evolution has endowed all humans with an innate, wired, automatically activated continuum of defensive behaviors called the defensive cascade.
Arousal
is the first step in activating the defense cascade. Flee or fight is an active defensive reaction to deal with threats. A freeze is a frozen flight or fight response. Anky Fudo and Collapsed Fudo are last resorts against inevitable threats when active defense fails. And quiet
immobility
is a state of rest that promotes rest and healing.
Each of these defense responses has unique neural patterns mediated by common neural pathways: the amygdala,
hypothalamus
, periaqueductal gray matter, and specific functional components of the sympathetic and vagus nuclei. activation and suppression of Unlike animals, which can resume normal functioning once the danger has passed, humans often do not, sometimes repeating the same reaction patterns associated with the original danger or
trauma
.
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Amygdala, periaqueductal grey, and hypothalamus are the main areas of the brain which are most responsible for the activation of the body's defense cascade.
What is the body's defense cascade?Body's defense cascade is a continuum of automatic, survival-based behaviors, which are activated in response to danger or the perception of the danger. This includes the stages of freeze, fight or flight, tonic mobility, and the collapse immobility.
The parts of the brain which are responsible for the activation of the body's defense cascade includes the amygdala, it is the part of the brain which is associated with fear, and one of the primary arbiters of the defense cascade of the body. Amygdala signals the body to flood the bloodstream along with the adrenaline and cortisol hormones, which narrow the blood vessels, this causes a spike in the body temperature.
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Mammals do not live in the tundra, because the climate is too extreme.truefalse
Answer:
False.
Explanation:
I just took the test and got it wrong when answered true.
Explain how retention of the notochord in adult hagfish helps with their locomotion.
Long Version:
The retention of the notochord in adult hagfish helps with their locomotion by providing structural support and allowing for flexion and extension of the body. The notochord is a flexible rod-like structure that runs along the length of the body and provides support for the muscles and other tissues. In hagfish, the notochord persists into adulthood and is surrounded by a sheath of muscle tissue.
The notochord allows hagfish to flex and extend their body in a lateral (side-to-side) motion, which is used for swimming and burrowing. When the hagfish extends its body, the notochord straightens and the muscles surrounding it contract, creating a wave-like motion that propels the hagfish forward. When the hagfish flexes its body, the notochord bends and the muscles relax, allowing the hagfish to move in a different direction or to stop swimming.
Overall, the retention of the notochord in adult hagfish helps with their locomotion by providing structural support and allowing for flexion and extension of the body. This enables hagfish to move effectively in their aquatic environment and to perform a variety of behaviors, such as swimming, burrowing, and capturing prey.
Shorter Version:
The retention of the notochord in adult hagfish helps with their locomotion by providing structural support and allowing for body flexion and extension. This enables hagfish to move effectively in their aquatic environment and to perform a variety of behaviors.
under standard conditions, total how many molecules of atp could be generated from metabolism of one glucose molecule?
Under standard conditions, 38 ATP molecules can be made per oxidized glucose molecule during cellular respiration (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about 34 from the electron transport system).
Glucose is converted to ATP through a metabolic process termed cellular respiration. Two of the processes involved in cellular respiration are glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation.
When oxygen comes into contact with a substance or an element, an oxidation reaction occurs. Another way of defining oxidation is the removal of hydrogen from reactant species. When an ion, particle, or molecule loses electrons, it goes through oxidation.
In the mitochondria of living things (animals and plants), the process of breaking down sugar in the presence of oxygen releases energy in the form of ATP. Carbon dioxide and water waste are produced as a result of this process.
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Consider the following DNA template strand:
3' ATC CAG ATG AAC AGC AAT 5'
Which is the correct complementary mRNA strand?
A) 3' TAG GTC TAC TTG TCG TTA 5'
B) 3' UAG UCG UAC UUG GUC UUA 5'
C) 5' ATC CAG ATG AAC AGC AAT 3'
D) 5' UAG GUC UAC UUG UCG UUA 3'
Thanks for the help!! :)
Answer:
D
Explanation:
DNA to mRNA translation is as follows:
A=U
T=A
C=G
G=C
I took a biomedical class a year or so ago so hopefully I remember it correctly.
It the stem of a convolvulus plant is cut, the leaves above the cut die ,suggest why
Answer:
Explanation:they die because you cut off the life supply that the leaf under was giving
calculate the concentration of a noncompetitive inhibitor (k1 = 2.9 x 10- 4 m) needed to yield 90% inhibition of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
The concentration of a noncompetitive inhibitor (k1 = 2.9 x 10- 4 m) needed to yield 90% inhibition of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is 0.0029 m.
Enzyme inhibitors are molecules that move with enzymes (temporary or permanent) in a way associated scale back the speed of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction or forestall enzymes to figure in a very traditional manner. The vital sorts of inhibition are competitive, cooperative, and noncompetitive inhibitors.
The catalyst site is that the location on the catalyst surface wherever substrates bind, and wherever the reaction catalyzed by the catalyst happens. Catalysis s a development within which the speed of the reaction is altered with the assistance of a substance referred to as a catalyst. An example of enzyme-catalyzed reaction is Inversion of cane sugar.
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If an individual is a carrier of an infectious disease, he is __________.
both symptomatic and noninfective
both asymptomatic and infective
infective
asymptomatic
If an individual is a carrier of an infectious disease, then he will be: both asymptomatic and infective.
Infectious disease refers to the type of diseases that are caused by harmful microorganisms like bacteria, virus, protozoans, etc. These organisms may be present inside or even outside of the body and cause the disease. The example of infectious diseases are: Common cold. flu (influenza), COVID-19, Stomach flu (gastroenteritis), Hepatitis, etc.
Carrier person in case of an infectious disease is the one who does not exhibit any infection or symptoms on itself but possess the pathogenic organism and thus can transfer it to other living beings.
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what percent of the time required to complete a full cycle do the cells typically spend in interphase
Approximately 95 percent of the time of the cell cycle is spend in the Interphase. During this phase, the cell prepares itself for the actual division.
What is Interphase?
Interphase is the longest portion of the cell cycle which is not accompanied by any visible changes in the cell under the microscope. During interphase, the cell grows in size, replicates its DNA to form daughter cells and prepares itself for the actual mitosis. A cell in interphase is not quiescent at all.
Interphase is composed of three main phases which include G1 phase, where the cell grows in size, followed by S phase where the process of DNA synthesis takes place, followed by G2 phase where again the cell growth takes place. At the end of interphase comes the mitotic phase (M-phase), which includes karyokinesis and cytokinesis and leads to the formation of two daughter cells.
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HELP pls will mark you the brainliest
Answer:
Explanation: water oxygen
14. Which scenario is an example of a biophilic process?
1.garbage management that buries trash in a landfill in an unpopulated rural area
2.farming that controls pests and maximizes plant growth through organic processes
3.industrial processes that use lake water to cool machinery in a factory
4.power generation that burns natural gas to power homes and businesses
Skylights, which let in natural light, green walls or living walls, which are covered in living plants, and the presence of water, such as fountains or ponds, are some typical components of biophilic architecture.
What exactly is a biophilic encounter?The fundamental component of biophilic design is direct contact with nature, and it is also the simplest method for implementing multiple levels of sustainable and practical design principles. Light, air, water, plants, animals, fire, terrain, weather, and vistas are among the nine characteristics that make it up.
What exactly is a biophilic setting?Utilizing natural resources, daylight, and plants to improve the aesthetics and functionality of constructed environments is known as "biophilic design."
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If nerve fibers were to lose their myelin what would happen to the nerve impulses?
Answer: If the myelin coating on nerve fibers were to be lost, it would disrupt the transmission of nerve impulses. Myelin acts as insulation around the nerve fibers, allowing the nerve impulse to travel quickly and efficiently. Without myelin, the impulse would be slowed down or stopped completely, resulting in impaired communication between the brain and other parts of the body. This can lead to a variety of symptoms depending on the location and extent of the myelin loss, such as weakness, paralysis, sensory deficits, and impaired cognitive function.
Explanation:
Answer:
The Nerve Pulses would be slowed down
Credentials:
Undergraduate in Neuroscience/Biology
Explanation:
If nerve fibers were to lose their myelin, the nerve impulses would be slowed down or disrupted. Myelin is a protective sheath that surrounds nerve fibers and helps to insulate them. It acts like the insulation on an electrical wire, allowing nerve impulses to travel more efficiently along the fiber. Without myelin, the nerve impulses would be slowed down or disrupted as they travel along the fiber. This could lead to a variety of symptoms, depending on which nerve fibers are affected and to what extent. In some cases, the loss of myelin can result in muscle weakness, numbness, tingling, or difficulty with coordination. In severe cases, it can lead to paralysis or other serious neurological problems.
where is the reticular formation located? multiple choice question. the cerebellum only in the medulla oblongata brainstem and spinal cord
The reticular formation is located in the brainstem, which means option C is the right answer.
The reticular formation comprises a set of interconnected nuclei and neurons which are responsible for relay functions and assist in several coordinating functions important for survival. They are responsible for regulating the sleep wake cycle of the body. Any damage to the region can cause hype somnolence and drowsiness. The brainstem is the biological structure that connects the cerebrum of the brain to the spinal cord and cerebellum. It extends from the lower part of the medulla oblongata to the upper part of the midbrain. It carries extreme importance in sensory, cognitive and behavioral functions.
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introduced species can have important effects on biological communities by ______.
By competing with local species for resources, diminishing biodiversity, preying on native species, and displacing native species, organisms can have significant consequences on biological ecosystems.
What are some biological examples?Having refers to a substance used in medicine that was made from a living entity or one of its metabolites. Disease can be treated, identified, or relieved with biologicals. Interleukins, antigens, and vaccination are only a few example of biologicals.
What makes biological important?Biology is a discipline of study that helps us comprehend how various species of the living world, including humans, function, evolve, and interact with one another. Improvements in biology, such as advances in medicine, nutrition, dna, and many other areas, have raised the level of living.
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A force of 200 N accelerates a bike and rider at 2 m/s2. What is the mass of the bike and rider?
Answer:
100 kg
Explanation:
F = ma
F/a = m
m = 200/2
m = 100 kg
I hope my answer helps you.
which one of the following statements about the glycerol phosphate shuttle is true?
The true statement about glycerol phosphate shuttle is that it involves electron transfer from cytoplasmic NADH to DHAP to yield glycerol phosphate.
Glycerol phosphate shuttle is a biological mechanism to convert NAD+ into NADH by the process of glycolysis that is splitting of glucose into three carbon molecule. The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle allows the NADH produced in the cytoplasmic matrix by glycolysis to assist in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in the mitochondria (power house of cell) to generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate). During the process of respiration, it consumes 2 molecules of ATP and 36 ATP are generated in aerobic respiration via glycerol phosphate shuttle in eukaryotes. It is simply high energy transfer of electrons in the cytoplasm.
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Identify levels of ecological hierarchy and be able to describe each level
Answer:
Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere
Explanation:
Organism: Survival & Reproduction; the unit of natural selection
Population: Population dynamics; the unit of evolution
Community: Interactions among populations
Ecosystem: Energy Flux & cycling of nutrients
Biosphere: Global Process
Two organ systems are dedicated to internal coordination, communication between other systems and maintaining overall homeostasis. They are the _________ system which communicates by means of hormones and the ______ system which sends quick electrical and chemical messages from cell to cell
Two organ systems are dedicated to internal coordination, communication between other systems and maintaining overall homeostasis. They are the endocrine system which communicates by means of hormones and the nervous system which sends quick electrical and chemical messages from cell to cell.
Endocrine system is a communication system that uses feedback loops to control distant target organs by controlling hormones secreted by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system. All endocrine systems in vertebrates are controlled neurally by the hypothalamus.
The brain, spinal cord, and a sophisticated nerve network are all parts of the nervous system. The brain and the body are communicated with via this system. All bodily functions are managed by the brain. From the brain, the spinal cord descends via the back.m cell to cell.
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Explain why an increase in precipitation and in the number of nearby factories has a greater impact on the occurrence of the mariflowers than changes in temperature, length of day, and invasive species.
Because some forms of precipitation contain acid and the vinegar has a high pH level, the rise in precipitation and the number of neighbouring industries have a stronger influence on the prevalence of mari flowers.
What is meant by invasive species?Any non-native species that significantly alters or disturbs the ecosystems it colonises is considered an invasive species, also known as an imported species, alien species, or exotic species. Such species may migrate naturally to new locations, but they are frequently brought in by the activity of other species.
Why do invasive species occur?Human actions, sometimes unknowingly, are the primary means by which invasive species are disseminated. People and the commodities we use move swiftly throughout the globe, frequently bringing unwanted species with them. Aquatic creatures can be carried by ships in their bilge water, while they can also be carried by smaller boats on their propellers.
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What is insolation? What's an example?
the deltoid tuberosity is a bone marking on the lateral surface of the shaft of the humerus. what is the function of this bone marking?
The deltoid muscle has an attachment point at the proximal deltoid tuberosity of the humerus, which is located about one-third of the way to the elbow.
The deltoid tuberosity is a roughened, V-shaped region that is situated in the body (diaphysis) of the humerus. Function: acts as a point of connection for the deltoid tendons. Located near the distal end of the humerus is the medial epicondyle. Function: Acts as a point of attachment for the majority of the forearm's muscles. The scapular spine and the lateral third of the clavicle serve as its base (or origin). The insertion site for the trapezius muscle is similar to this U-shaped origin point.
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a plant homozygous for the unlinked dominant alleles a, b and g is crossed with another plant that is homozygous for the recessive alleles a, b and g. how many different genotypes in the f2 population will give rise to the abg phenotype?
A plant that is homozygous for the unconnected dominant alleles a, b, & g crossed with some other plant that is homozygous again for recessive alleles a, b, and g will result in the abg phenotype in the f2 population is 9÷64 genotypes.
Given, AABBGG X aabbgg = AaBbGg (F1)
The resultant self-fertilized F1 offspring.
AaBbGg X AaBbGg :
If we look at certain crosses:
A a
A AA Aa
a Aa aa
3÷4 will exhibit the dominant A phenotype in the offspring ( AA, Aa ). Similarly,
3÷4 will exhibit the dominant B trait in the progeny ( BB, Bb ).
G g
G GG Gg
g Gg gg
1÷4 if the offspring will have a recessive g trait (gg).
The total number of children who will exhibit the ABg phenotype:
3÷4 × 3÷4 × 1÷4 = 9÷64
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The intergovernmental panel on climate change reported in 2007 that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels will nearly double by the end of this century compared to the levels end of 20th century. If this happens, what will be the atmospheric concentration of CO2?
700PPM will be the atmospheric concentration of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex].
The primary cause of the rise in carbon dioxide concentrations is the use of fossil fuels by humans as a source of energy. We are adding carbon to the atmosphere in only a few hundred years that plants removed from the atmosphere through photosynthesis over many millions of years in the form of fossil fuels like coal and oil.
According to the Global Carbon Update 2021, annual emissions from burning fossil fuels have gone up every decade since the middle of the 20th century, from an average of 3 billion tonnes of carbon (11 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide) a year in the 1960s to 9.5 billion tonnes of carbon (35 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide) a year in the 2010s.
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In the figure below, working from the inside out, what would be the order of components observed? Water-filled bubble made of phospholipids
water, hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail, hydrophobic tal, hydrophilic head, water hydrophobic tail, water, hydrophilic head, hydrophilic head, water, hydrophobic tail water, hydrophilic tail, hydrophobic head, hydrophobic head, hydrophilic tail, water water, hydrophobic tail, hydrophilic head, hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail, water
According to the figure below, the correct order of the components, working from the inside out, is:
WaterHydrophilic headHydrophobic tailHydrophobic talHydrophilic headWater hydrophobic tailWaterCorrect answer: letter B.
This order of the components ensures that the cell membrane is stable and able to effectively regulate the flow of substances into and out of the cell.
Function of the cellular components of a phospholipid bilayerThe cell components that make up a phospholipid bilayer are arranged in a specific order, working from the inside out:
The water molecules are located in the center, surrounded by a hydrophilic head group which is attracted to the water. This is followed by a hydrophobic tail which is repelled by the water and forms the outer layer of the cell membrane.Finally, a second layer of water is located on the outside, providing additional stability to the structure.Learn more about phospholipid bilayer:
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What is not true about asexual reproduction?
A
It does not involve union of gametes
B
It involves only one parental organism
C
It involves two organisms of different sexes
D
There is no mixing of genetic materials of two individuals
sugarcane is vulnerable to the cane beetle, which can substantially reduce crop yields. suppose that a new beetle‑resistant species of sugarcane is developed and productivity increases as a result. use the terms to identify the effect on each of the related factors.
Sugarcane is vulnerable to the cane beetle, which can substantially reduce crop yields. suppose that a new beetle‑resistant species of sugarcane is developed and productivity increases as a result as productivity increases.
The prices of sugar will decrease and the quantity demanded for sugar will then increase. Given the change in price of sugar, the prices of cookies will decrease. The prices of honey also used as a sweetener will also decrease. Responding to the changes in sugar market, the prices of textiles will not change.
The world's population is fed to a considerable extent by the current food system, which includes production, transport, processing, packing, storage, retail, consumption, loss, and waste. It also provides for the livelihoods of over 1 billion people. The amount of food available per person has increased by more than 30% since 1961, along with increasing use of nitrogen fertilizers (up nearly 800%) and water resources for irrigation (up more than 100%). However, 613 million women and girls between the ages of 15 and 49 are iron-deficient, 821 million people are thought to be undernourished, 151 million children under the age of five are stunted, and 2 billion adults are either overweight or obese.
The food system is under stress from both climate change and non-climate stressors, such as population and wealth development and the demand for items derived from animals.
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Genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, include crops which have been genetically engineered in the laboratory. Genes for desirable traits, such as the resistance to certain insects, can be inserted into the DNA of cells that divide for plant growth. Which is MOST LIKELY to be an ethical concern about GMOs? Responses Desirable traits are given to crops. Desirable traits are given to crops. Local insects may not be able to eat crops. Local insects may not be able to eat crops. Organisms with new genotypes may appear. Organisms with new genotypes may appear. Scientists can't predict how these changes affect the local ecosystem.
The ethical concern about GMOs is :
Desirable traits are given to crops.Organisms with new genotypes may appear. What is meant by GMOs?Biological entities (plants, animals, or microorganisms) that have had their genetic material (DNA) altered in a way that does not happen normally through mating and/or natural recombination are known as genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
Today's GMO crops were primarily created to aid farmers in weed management, crop loss prevention, and food preservation. The following are the top three characteristics of GMO crops: resistance to several harmful insects. Tolerance of specific weed-killing herbicides
The term "GMO" (genetically modified organism) is now frequently used by consumers and the media to refer to foods that were produced via genetic engineering.
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In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, gene expression is primarily regulated at the level of?
In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, gene expression is primarily regulated at the level of transcription.
Gene expression is the process through which a gene's information is used to create a functioning gene product, allowing it to produce end products like proteins or non-coding RNA and ultimately have an impact on phenotypes.
Transcription has a key role in regulating prokaryotic gene expression. Epigenetics, transcription, post-transcription, translation, and post-translation all play a role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression.
Hence the transcription level is the same for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Limiting the amount of mRNA that is generated from a specific gene regulates transcription.
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