Answer:
21. Most metals are brittle.
22. increases from top to bottom within the group
23. Neon is the most stable element because its highest occupied energy level is filled.
24. transfer of electrons
25. electrons are not shared equally between atoms
26. BeCl2
27. double-replacement and decomposition
28. exothermic
29. The reaction rate decreases.
30. The salt dissolved most quickly in the warm water.
31. saturated
32. feels slippery
33. hydroxide ions in solution
34. stay about the same
35-40. I do not know.
41. a bee hovering around a bee hive
42. the number of valence electrons in atoms of the element
Explanation:
21. Metals are ductile and malleable (conveniently also characteristics for chewing gum). They are stretchy and squishy. Brittle is the opposite of stretchy and squishy, and is a characteristic of non-metals.
22. On the periodic table, elements higher up are safer to use in labs. They are safer because they are less likely to react with other substances. Therefore the tendency to react with other substances increases from top to bottom within the group.
23. "Noble gases stable" (periodic table song by ASAP Science). Neon is a noble gas, therefore it is stable. When elements have only one electron to gain or lose, they are very reactive or least stable.
24. The formation of an ionic bond (metal + non-metal) is caused by the giving and receiving of electrons. Neutrons and protons do not transfer. Electrons are shared in covalent/molecular bonds (between non-metals).
25. A polar covalent bond occurs between non-metals, therefore they share electrons (ionic bonds transfer electrons). Non-metals become anions (whereas metals become cations). Polar bonds have unequal sharing and nonpolar bonds have equal sharing.
26. A one-to-two ratio of beryllium ions to chloride ions means for every Be, there are two Cl. The number of atoms is represented by the ratio, and the numbers of atoms are written as subscripts after the element symbol.
27. MgCO2 reacting with HNO3 to form magnesium nitrate and carbonic acid is a double-replacement reaction. The elements in the beginning substances "switch partners" to form the products.
Carbonic acid then breaks down into water and carbon dioxide is decomposition. This occurs when the elements that make up a compound are split up.
28. In 2Cu + O2 => 2CuO + 315 kJ , the energy is on the right side. The right side is the products, or the stuff that was made. kJ is a unit to measure energy, therefore energy was made. Exothermic is the term that means energy was released.
29. Since oxygen is needed for a fire to burn, decreasing the oxygen slows the reaction rate (the reaction is burning, formally known as combustion).
30. Two things help substances dissolve: heat and stirring. Warm water is hotter than room-temperature water and ice water. This makes the salt dissolve faster.
31. A solution that contains more solute than it would normally hold is saturated. Saturated means there is a more than concentrated amount of solute in the solution. Concentrated is when there is a maximum amount of solute that will dissolve.
32. Acids do not feel slippery -- that is a characteristic of a base. To remember, bases are generally soaps and soaps are slippery. Acids taste sour and bases taste bitter. Both acids and bases change the color of an indicator .
33. A base produces hydroxide ions, represented by OH. The OH is usually at the end of the chemical formula. Acids produce hydrogen ions, generally written at the front of the chemical formula.
34. Adding a little bit of acid to a buffer will cause the pH of the solution to stay about the same, probably increase a little. Buffer solutions are meant to make the pH "buffer". To remember, DVDs used to buffer. It's the same thing as "lag" for phones.
35-40: I'm sorry, I have no answer.
41. Electrons orbit like the plants revolve around the sun. Electrons revolve around a nucleus. A bee hovering around a bee hive is probably flying around it in circles.
42. The tendency of an element to react is closely related to the number of valence electrons in atoms of the element. If the valency is 8, the electron shell is full. The element is stable, opposite to reactive -- this applies to all noble gases (group 8A on the periodic table). If the valency is 1 or 7, the element is very close to being stable but not, the "desire" is so great and makes the element very reactive.
3.0 moles of nitrogen is reacted with 11.0 moles of hydrogen to produce ammonia according to the chemical equation shown below. Which one of the following statements is false?
N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g)
a. Hydrogen is the excess reactant.
b. 2.0 moles of hydrogen are left over.
c. 12.0 moles of ammonia are produced.
d. Nitrogen is the limiting reactant.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
From the equation, we can say that we need thrice the number of hydrogen than that of nitrogen
we are given 3 moles of nitrogen and 11 moles of hydrogen
but thrice the number of moles of nitrogen is 9, hence we have hydrogen in excess or Hydrogen is the excess reagent
Since we had 11 moles of Hydrogen and we only needed 9, 2 moles of hydrogen are left over
From the equation, we can see that the moles of ammonia formed will be twice the moles of nitrogen
Since 3 moles of nitrogen are used, the reaction will give us 6 moles of Ammonia and NOT 12 moles, therefore c is the correct answer
Since we have hydrogen in excess, our reaction is being limited because we have less Nitrogen, Hence Nitrogen is the Limiting Reagent
Option C is the only false statement
The false statement is that "12.0 moles of ammonia are produced"
According to the equation of reaction:
N₂ + 3H₂ >>>>> 2NH₃
1 mole of N₂ reacts with 3 moles of H₂
3 moles of N₂ will react with 9 moles of H₂
Since 3 moles of N₂ is said to react with 11 moles of H₂ (instead of 9 moles of H₂), H₂ is in excess by 2 moles. That is, N₂ is the limiting reactant.
Since N₂ is the limiting reactant:
1 mole of N₂ produces 2 moles of NH₃
3 moles of N₂ will produce 6 moles of NH₃
Therefore, we can conclude that:
Hydrogen is the excess reactant2.0 moles of hydrogen are left overNitrogen is the limiting reactantLearn more here: https://brainly.com/question/19555927
A average marathon runner run the 26.1 miles in 4 hrs 30 minutes. What is the runners average pace in miles/minutes.
Explanation:
4hr 30 m = 270 min
270/ 26.1 = 10. 34
1 mile per 10.34 mins
Which statement best describes chemical properties of matter? Chemical properties, such as density, must be observed when a substance is in its natural state at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure. Chemical properties, such as reactivity, must be observed when a substance is in its natural state at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure. Chemical properties, such as combustibility, are generally observed as the identity of a substance changes and one or more new substances form. Chemical properties, such as boiling point, are generally observed as the identity of a substance changes and one or more new substances form.
Answer:
Chemical properties, such as combustibility, are generally observed as the identity of a substance changes and one or more new substances form.
Explanation:
Chemical properties, such as combustibility, are generally observed as the identity of a substance changes and one or more new substances form. Hence, option C is correct.
What are the chemical properties of matter?Chemical properties are properties that can be measured or observed only when matter undergoes a change to become an entirely different kind of matter.
Substances made of wood, such as paper and cardboard, are also flammable.
Chemical properties are properties that can be measured or observed only when matter undergoes a change to become an entirely different kind of matter.
They include reactivity, flammability, and the ability to rust.
Hence, option C is correct.
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Bismuth oxide reacts with carbon to form bismuth metal: Bi2O3(s) + 3C(s) → 2Bi(s) + 3CO(g) When 775 g of Bi2O3 reacts with excess carbon, (a) how many moles of Bi form? mol Bi (b) how many grams of CO form? g CO
Answer:
(a) 3.33 mol Bi
(b) 140. g CO
Explanation:
Step 1: Convert 775g to moles
Bi Molar Mass - 208.98 g/mol × 2 = 417.98 g/mol
O Molar Mass - 16.00 g/mol × 3 = 48.00 g/mol
775g Bi₂O₃ ÷ 465.98 g/mol = 1.66316 mol Bi₂O₃
Step 2: Find the conversion from Bi₂O₃ to Bi
1 mole of Bi₂O₃ equals 2 moles of Bi
Step 3: Use Dimensional Analysis
1.66316 mol · [tex]\frac{2 \hspace{2} mol \hspace{2} Bi}{1 \hspace{2} mol \hspace{2} Bi_2O_3}[/tex] = 3.32632 mol Bi
3.32632 mol Bi ≈ 3.33 mol Bi (3 significant figures)
Step 4: Find the conversion from Bi₂O₃ to CO
1 mole of Bi₂O₃ equals 3 moles of CO
Step 5: Use Dimensional Analysis
1.66316 mol · [tex]\frac{3 \hspace{2} mol \hspace{2} CO}{1 \hspace{2} mol \hspace{2} Bi_2O_3}[/tex] = 4.98948 mol CO
Step 6: Find molar mass of CO and convert moles to grams
C - 12.01 g/mol
O - 16.00 g/mol
4.98948 mol CO · 28.01 g/mol = 139.775 g CO
139.775 g CO ≈ 140. g CO (3 significant figures)
What percentage of light hits Earth’s surface directly?
3 percent
5 percent
31 percent
47 percent
Answer: yall trust me on this one, i took one for the team. The answer is "C" or you can say 31 percent. boys get me 50 thanks.
Explanation:
The percentage of sunlight that hits the Earth's surface directly is 31 percent. The correct option is C.
What is sunlight?Sunlight is the electromagnetic radiation transferred by the sun.
The sun is 93 million away from the earth, so it takes eight and half minutes to reach the sunlight to the earth.
Only 30 to 34 percent of light reaches the earth, and the remaining lights are reflected back by clouds and the earth itself.
Thus, the correct option is C, 31 percent.
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Which of the following statements is true about the arrangement of particles in matter?
B. The particles in aliquid are spread farther apart than the particles in a gas.
A. The particles in a gas are closer together than the particles in a liquid
D. The particles in a solid are spread farther apart than the particles in a liquid
C. The particles in a gas are spread farther apart than the partides in a solid
Answer:
C. The particles in a gas are spread farther apart than the particles in a solid
Explanation:
Solids are made up of tightly-packed particles that form a rigid shape. Liquids are comprised of loosely connected particles that can slightly move. Gases are made up of fast-moving disconnected particles that are spread far apart.
What is the use of density in the calculation of percentage by mass?
Answer:
First, the direct method requires recording the total mass of solution, and then evaporating off the solvent. The solid left behind is the solute, which is then weighed and used to calculate mass percent. Density can also be used to determine the mass percent of an unknown concentration.
in my opinion:)
Draw the conjugate base for the acid (CH3)2C=OH+ Remember to include charges and non-bonding electrons where
necessary
Answer:
Explanation:
An acid is a substance that, when dissolved in water produces hydrogen ions, H⁺ as the only positive ion. e.g.
HCl ↔ H⁺ + Cl⁻
HNO₃ ↔ H⁺ + NO⁻₃
This process is known as ionization. The characteristics properties of an acid in solution are due to the presence of these hydrogen ions. In these reactions, the negative ions formed or sometimes the neutral compounds are usually known as the conjugate base of such acid.
From the given information, the conjugate base of the acid given can be seen in the attached image below.
The conjugate base for the acid is attached below.
What is an Acid?An acid is a substance that, when dissolved in water produces hydrogen ions, H⁺ as the only positive ion. e.g.
HCl ↔ H⁺ + Cl⁻
HNO₃ ↔ H⁺ + NO⁻₃
This process is known as ionization. The characteristics properties of an acid in solution are due to the presence of these hydrogen ions. In these reactions, the negative ions formed or sometimes the neutral compounds are usually known as the conjugate base of such acid.
The conjugate base of the acid given can be seen in the attached image below.
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What property of matter is a
measure of the force of
gravity on an object?
Answer:
No matter where that object is in the vast universe, it will have the same mass. Weight, on the other hand, is a measure of how much gravitational force is exerted on an object.
When 3.0 g of water is warmed from 10.0∘C to 80.0∘C, how much heat energy is needed? Specific heat for water is 4.186Jg(∘C).
Answer:
Specific heat is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of substance by, the units for specific heat is, each element have particular fixed specific heat.
The heat energy change can be obtained by the formula

Temperature change can be represented by 

If we know the specific heat of substance then we can easily calculate the heat energy change of the substance
Which set of elements has 4 valence electrons?
Answer:
carbon group
All the carbon group atoms, having four valence electrons, form covalent bonds with nonmetal atoms; carbon and silicon cannot lose or gain electrons to form free ions, whereas germanium, tin, and lead do form metallic ions but only with two positive charges.
The set of elements that has 4 Valence electrons are the carbon group.
What are valence electrons?Valence electrons are those electrons that are found at the outermost shell of an element that can go into formation of chemical bonds with another element on a chemical reaction.
The group 14 elements in the periodic table are known to have a four Valence electron on their outermost shell.
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How are the Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit scales similar? How are they different?
celcius and Fahrenheit are the same at -40 degrees since the scales converge . celcius and Kelvin become Equal at high temperatures as the difference. of 273. 15 between them gets lost in the noise . 0 degree Celsius is Equal to 32degrees Fahrenheit.
The vapor pressure of carbon disulfide is 355.6 torr at 25°C. What is the vapor pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 10.60 g naphthalene (C10H8, Molar Mass = 128.2 g/mol) in 155 mL CS2 liquid (Molar Mass = 76.14 g/mol, density = 1.261 g/mL)? Assume the solution obeys Raoult's law, and treat naphthalene as a nonvolatile solute.
Answer:
344.5764 torr
Explanation:
Molar mass of naphthalene = 128.2g/mol
Mass of naphthalene = 10.60 g
Carbon disulfide:
Molar mass= 76.14g/mol ;
volume = 155mL ;
density = 1.261 g/mL
Vapour pressure = 355.6 torr
Number of moles = mass / molar mass
CS2:
Mass = density × volume
Number of moles = (density × volume) / molar mass
Number of moles = (1.261 * 155) / 76.14 = (195.455 / 76.14) = 2.567 moles of CS2
Number of moles of C8H10:
Number of moles = 10.60 / 128.2 = 0.083 C8H10
Total number of moles :
2.567 + 0.083 = 2.65 moles
Mole fraction of each compound in solution :
CS2 :
2.567 / 2.65 = 0.969
C8H10:
0.083 / 2.65 = 0.031
According to Raoult's:
Psolution = Xsolvent × Posolvent
CS2 = solvent
Xsolvent = Mole fraction of solvent
Posolvent = Vapour pressure of pure solvent
Psolution = 0.969 × 355.6 torr = 344.5764 torr
The vapor pressure of the solution would be as follows:
[tex]344.5764[/tex] torr
Given that,
Vapor pressure of Carbon Disulfide [tex]= 355.6[/tex] torr
[tex]volume = 155mL ;[/tex]
[tex]density = 1.261 g/mL[/tex]
Naphthalene's mass [tex]= 10.60 g[/tex]
Naphthalene's molar mass [tex]= 128.2g/mol[/tex]
Now,
We know that
Number of moles [tex]= mass/molar mass[/tex]
Mass [tex]= density[/tex] × [tex]volume[/tex]
[tex]Number of moles =[/tex] [tex](density[/tex] × [tex]volume) / molar mass[/tex]
So,
Number of moles of Carbon Disulfide [tex]= (1.261[/tex] × [tex]155) / 76.14[/tex]
[tex]= (195.455 / 76.14)[/tex]
[tex]= 2.567[/tex] moles of Carbon Disulfide
Number of moles of Naphthalene:
Number of moles [tex]= 10.60 / 128.2[/tex]
[tex]= 0.083[/tex]
Now,
Total number of moles :
[tex]2.567 + 0.083[/tex]
[tex]= 2.65[/tex] moles
Mole fraction of each compound in solution :
Carbon Disulfide:
2.567 / 2.65
[tex]= 0.969[/tex]
Naphthalene
0.083 / 2.65
[tex]= 0.031[/tex]
According to Raoult's:
P[tex]solution = Xsolvent[/tex] × [tex]Posolvent[/tex]
Carbon Sulfide = Solvent
[tex]Xsolvent =[/tex] Mole fraction of solvent
[tex]Posolvent =[/tex] Vapour pressure of the pure solvent
[tex]Psolution[/tex] [tex]= 0.969[/tex] × [tex]355.6 torr[/tex]
[tex]= 344.5764[/tex] torr
Thus, "[tex]344.5764[/tex] torr" is the correct answer.
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KCl is an ionic salt with a formula weight of 74.54 g/mole. A 1.417 M (mole/liter) KCl solution has a density of 1064.5 grams/liter at 20.0 OC. Use the Molarity and the formula weight to find the mass (g) of salt in one liter. Then, find the mass (g and kg) of water in one liter of the solution as the difference between the solution mass and the KCl mass. Include the conversion factor. Determine the molality (m), or moles of salt per kg of water, by dividing the moles of salt in one liter by the kg of water in one liter. Show all units and use proper significant figures. (
Answer:
Mass of the salt: 105.6g of KCl.
Mass water: 958.9g of water.
Molality: 1.478m.
Explanation:
Mass of the salt:
In 1L, there are 1.417 moles. In grams:
1.417 moles KCl * (74.54g / mol) = 105.6g of KCl
Mass of the water:
We can determine the mass of solution (Mass of water + mass KCl) by multiplication of the voluome (1L and density 1064.5g/L), thus:
1L * (1064.5g / L) = 1064.5g - Mass solution.
Mass water = 1064.5g - 105.6g = 958.9g of water
Molality:
Moles KCl = 1.417 moles KCl.
kg Water = 958.9g = 0.9589kg.
Molality = 1.417mol / 0.9589kg = 1.478m
What is the mass, in grams, of 1.33 mol of water, H2O?
Answer:
24.0g H2O
Explanation:
1.33 mol (18.016g/1 mol) = 24.0g H2O
which of the following best describes a non metal
Answer:
-a nonmetal is a substance that lacks the characteristics of a metal.
-Seventeen elements are generally classified as nonmetals: most are gases (hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon, chlorine, argon, krypton, xenon and radon); one is a liquid (bromine); and a few are solids (carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, and iodine).
Explain why some people use the term decimal system as a synonym for the metric system?
Answer:
The term Decimal is coined from the word Decimus. Decimus is a Latin word which means ‘tenth’.
The Decimal system is a system of numbering that is based on multiples of tens. It is flexible and easy to convert from one metric to another.
The preference of the term over the Metric System is because the word Metric is related more to the measurement of lengths if we looked at the origin of the word which is French.
Cheers!
Identify the type of chemical reaction taking place in the following and write in balanced equation from
a) Barium Chloride mixed with copper sulphate solution and a white precipitate is observed b) On heating green colour sirf ferrous sulphate crystals reddish brown solid left and smell of gas having order of burning sulphur is produced.
Answer:
a. The balanced chemical equation is written below and this is a type of double displacement reaction.
Explanation:
When barium chloride reacts with copper sulfate, a white precipitate of barium sulfate is observed.
The chemical equation for the reaction of barium chloride and copper sulfate follows:
b.
2FeSO4--(heat)---> Fe2O3 + SO2+ SO3
This Reaction is an example of Thermal Decomposition Reaction.
15.0 g of water is heated from 5 °C up to 37 °C. How much energy is absorbed by
the water? (The specific heat of liquid water is 4.184 J/g °C.)
Answer:
See the answer
1) 15.0 g of water is heated from 5 °C up to 37 °C. How much energy is absorbed by the water? (The specific heat of liquid water is 4.184 J/g°C.)
2)How many joules of energy is required to bring a five-pound (1 pound = 454 g) bag of ice from its freezer temperature at -20.0°C up to 0°C? The specific heat of ice is 2.10 J/g×°C.
3) A 50.0 mg tissue sample is taken from a patient for diagnosis. While waiting for testing, the sample is stored in a -80.0°C freezer. How much energy is released when the sample is cooled from 20.0°C down to the freezer temperature? You may assume the specific heat of the tissue sample is 3.47 J/g×K.
A beaker can hold 200 cm3 of water. When it's empty, how
many liters are needed to refill it?
L
Answer:
[tex]V=0.200L[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, since the volumetric capacity of the beaker is 200 cm³, by considering that 1000 cm³ equals 1 L, the liters are then computed via the following unit conversion:
[tex]V=200cm^3*\frac{1L}{1000cm^3}\\ \\V=0.200L[/tex]
Best regards.
What is the charge of a chromium ion that has lost 4 electrons?
Answer:
+2.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, since chromium has six valence electrons in its outer shell, when it loses four electrons it remains with two of them, therefore it charge as chromium ion is +2, so it is written as Cr⁺² and named as chormium (II) or hypochromous ion.
Best regards.
Sample of carbonate rock is a mixture of CaCO3 and MgCO3. The rock is Analyzed in a laboratory and the results are recorded in the table above. Which columns in a table provide all the information necessary to determine the mole ratio of analyzed in a laboratory and the results are recorded in the table above. Which columns in a table provide all the information necessary to determine the mole ratio of Ca to Mg in the rock
Answer:
You need the mass of Mg and Ca in the sample and their molar masses
Explanation:
Its the only answer that made sense because using those 4, can give you their ration
The Columns in the table that provides the information necessary for the calculating the mole ratio of Ca to Mg are columns ; 3, 4, 6, and 7
Although some data related to your question is missing attached below is the missing data
Determining the mole ratio of Ca to Mg
Ca : Mg
mass of Ca / molar mass : mass of Mg / Molar mass
( 36.1 / 40.1 ) : ( 2.4 / 24.3 )
9.14 : 1
∴ The mole ratio of Mg to Ca
≈ 1 : 9
Where: Column 3 = Mass of Mg in the sample ( g )
Column 4 = mass of Ca in the sample ( g )
Column 6 = Molar mass of Mg ( g/mol )
Column 7 = molar mass of Ca ( g/mol )
Hence the Mole ratio of Mg to Ca = 1 : 9
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List the types of electromagnetic radiation in order of increasing frequency.
Answer:
In order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays........... ᕕ( ᐛ )ᕗ
..
wich element is likely to be the most reactive? bromine (Br) chlorine (Cl) fluorine (F) iodine (I)
most reactive among them is fluorine because it is the most electronegative element
Answer:
fluorine (F)
Explanation:
I took the test on edge
The formula for a compound containing sodium and oxide ions would contain... This
compound would have an overall ... charge.
Answer:
Explanation:
the formula of the compound containing sodium and oxide ion is
NaOH the charge on sodium is partial positive and the charge on hydroxide ion is partial negative
another compound containing sodium and oxide ion is Na2O here the charge on sodium oxide is neutral
The particles in a gas have more space between them because
Answer:
They are more spread out.
Explanation:
The atoms and molecules in gases are much more spread out than in solids or liquids. They vibrate and move freely at high speeds. A gas will fill any container, but if the container is not sealed, the gas will escape. Gas can be compressed much more easily than a liquid or solid.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
Gas – In a gas, particles are in continual straight-line motion. The kinetic energy of the molecule is greater than the attractive force between them, thus they are much farther apart and move freely of each other. In most cases, there are essentially no attractive forces between particles
what is the state of the substance at room temperature (20°c)
Answer:
dez nuts. the forth quauter in ur girls buttr
Gas is well separated with no regular arrangement, liquids are close together and solids are tightly packed. Solid, liquid, and Gas are the state of substances at room temperature.
What is the state of substance?There are three state of substances:
solidLiquidGasThe chair you are sitting on is a solid, the water you drink is liquid, and the air you breathe is a gas. The atoms and molecules don't change, but the way they move about does. Water, for example, is always made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Physical properties of a particular substance determine its state at room temperature. If both its normal melting point and its normal boiling point are below room temperature (20°C), the substance is a gas under normal conditions.
Oxygen is a gas at room temperature. If the normal melting point of a substance is below room temperature, the substance is a liquid at room temperature.
If both the normal melting point and the normal boiling point are above room temperature, the substance is a solid.
Therefore, solid, liquid and gas all exist as substances at room temperature.
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How many sig figs are in 340.0 mL
Answer:
4
Explanation:
there is a decimal place present. so you would take away any zeros before the number.
Answer:
4 i think
Explanation:
How many atoms are represented by one formula unit of aluminum carbonate A12(CO2)3
Answer:
well ,if I have done my sum rights there are
14 atom in the one formula unit of aluminium carbonate.
Answer:
14 atoms
Explanation:
Which of the following changes lead to a decrease in entropy?
a. mixing of pure gases
b. sugar dissolving in coffee
c. melting snow
d. the sublimation (vaporization) of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide)
e. halving the volume of a gas
Answer:
halving the volume of a gas
Explanation:
Entropy refers to the degree of disorderliness of a system. The greater the volume of a gas, the greater its entropy. The entropy of a system is directly proportional to its volume.
Hence a decrease in the volume of a gas leads to a decrease in its entropy. Ultimately, if the volume of a given mass of gas is halved, its entropy decreases according.