what makes carcinogens so dangerous?

The heat of reaction:

There has been a -22 kJ/mol heat of reaction. This is an exothermic reaction as the reaction has been indicated by the negative sign.

Definition of Heat of reaction:

The amount of energy that the system absorbs or releases to create the products is described as the heat of reaction.

The heat of reaction has been provided by:

ΔH = ΔH[tex]_{reactant}[/tex] - ΔH[tex]_{product}[/tex]

Calculation of Heat of reaction:

On the basis of the bond energies, the heat of the reaction has been estimated. The heat of the reactant served as the energy component of each bond in the reactant, while the heat of the product served as the energy of the product.

Step 1:

The heat of the reactant has been given as:

Reactant molecules: CH[tex]_{3}[/tex]OH and C≡O

ΔH[tex]_{reactant}[/tex] = 3 x C-H + C-O + O-H + C≡O

ΔH[tex]_{reactant}[/tex] = 3 x 413 +358 +465 + 1070 kJ/mol

ΔH[tex]_{reactant}[/tex] = 3134 kJ/mol

Step 2:

The heat of the product has been given as:

Product molecule: CH[tex]_{3}[/tex]COOH

ΔH[tex]_{product}[/tex] = 3 x C-H + C-O + O-H + C-C + C=O

ΔH[tex]_{product}[/tex] = 3 x 413 + 358 + 467 + 347 + 745 kJ/mol

ΔH[tex]_{product}[/tex] = 3156 kJ/mol

Step 3:

The heat of reaction has been given as:

ΔH = ΔH[tex]_{reactant}[/tex] - ΔH[tex]_{product}[/tex]

ΔH = 3134 - 3156 kJ/mol

ΔH = -22 kJ/mol

NOTE: Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was that an important industrial route to extremely pure acetic acid is the reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide. Use bond energies to calculate the heat of the reaction. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic?

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Answer:

Na2 S O4

Explanation:

Na  mole wt   22.989

 32.4 / 22.989 = 1.4093

S  mole wt = 32.06

22.6/32.06 = .7049

O  mole wt = 15.999

 45 / 15.999 = 2.8127            Now divide all of the results by the smallest

Na    1.4093 / .7049 = 2

S      .7049/.7049     = 1

O      2.8127 /.7049   =  4                    so    Na2 S  O4

Answer:

T

Explanation:

m is mass

q is heat

J is energy

Water is a liquid while hydrogen sulphide is a gas because the hydrogen bonding in water causes the water molecules to be associated with each other due to intermolecular forces of attraction.

The Answer to the question is 124.66 grams approximately.

It is given that H₂ will react completely

Molar mass of H₂ = 2 × 1 = 2 gm/mol

Given mass of H₂ = 22 gm

Moles of H₂ reacting = given mass of H₂ / molar mass of H₂

Moles of H₂ reacting = 22 / 2 moles = 11 moles

So, 11 moles of H₂ are taking part in reaction.

The Balanced chemical reaction is as follows as:

N₂ + 3 H₂ → 2 NH₃

It is clear from the reaction that 3 moles of H₂ are making 2 mole of NH₃

3 moles of H₂ → 2 mole of NH₃

1 moles of H₂ → 2/3 mole of NH₃

11 moles of H₂ → (2/3)×11 mole of NH₃

11 moles of H₂ → 22/3 mole of NH₃

So, 11 moles of H₂ will make 22/3 mole of NH₃

22/3 mole NH₃ = mass formed NH₃ / molar mass of NH₃

mass formed NH₃ = 22/3 × molar mass of NH₃

mass formed NH₃ = 22/3 × 17

mass formed NH₃ = 22/3 × 17

mass formed NH₃ = 124.66 grams    (approximately)

124.66 grams of NH₃ will be formed.

So, approximately 124.66 grams of NH₃ is formed from 22 grams of H₂.

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Answer:

Nucleic acid

Explanation:

Because nucleic acid is the molecule that carries genetic information because it helps to develop or functioning an organism

Answer:

Because it was not based on evidence and experiment.

Alchemy isn’t rigorous enough.

People began to realize that it was possible to transform one material into another in antiquity. The study of how to achieve this was known as alchemy. Alchemists would experiment on various substances, trying to turn lead into gold or to create the elixir of life.

They were unaware of what was taking place in the background, though. They weren't as rigorous as contemporary science. seldom ever exchanged their discoveries. And technically speaking, they carried out their experiments before the formalization of the scientific process.

In a way that made perfect sense to the alchemists but makes no sense at all to us, alchemy blurs the lines between empirical observation and experimentation, irrational conjecture, and mysticism. The last two render it unscientific.

Alchemy became known as chemistry once the scientific approach was established and mysticism was eliminated. Because alchemy particularly refers to the earlier, less scientific kind of chemistry, we no longer view it as a science.

Answer:

0.5804 moles sucrose are required to react with 156 liters of oxygen.

Explanation:

Since the conditions of the gas are STP, standard temperature and pressure, we can use a very useful conversion factor that is valid for all gases at STP:  All gases occupy 22.4 liters per mole of gas:

22.4 L/mole

156 liters of O2 at STP may be converted to moles O2 by dividing by the conversion factor:

 (156 L)/(22.4 L/mole) = 6.96 moles O2

The balanced equation tells us that 12 moles of O2 are consumed for every 1 mole of sucrose.  That's a molar ratio of (1 mole sucrose/12 moles O2).

We can use this ratio to determine the moles of sucrose required to react with 6.96 moles of O2:

(6.96 moles O2)*((1 mole sucrose/12 moles O2) = 0.5804 moles sucrose

;-; ;-; ;-; ;-; ;-; ;-; ;-; ;-; ;-; ;-; ;-; ;-; ;-; ;-;

The amount of sucrose required will be 12.5 grams and the mass of water required will be 250 g.

5% by mass glucose solution is to be prepared. This means that 5g of glucose will be dissolved in 100 mL of water.

250g of such a solution will require 250 mL of water.

5% of 250g = 5/100 x 250 = 12.5 grams

Thus, the solution is prepared by dissolving 12.5 grams of sucrose in 250 grams (250 mL) of water.

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Answer:

Sodium atom is larger than Magnesium atom.

Explanation:

Looking at the electronic configurations of Sodium and Magnesium:

[tex]_{11}Na: 1s^2 2s^2 p^6 3s^1\\\\_{12}Mg : 1s^2 2s^2 p^6 3s^2[/tex] ,

we can see that they both have their valence electrons in the 3rd shell.

But because Magnesium has a higher nuclear charge of +12 because of its 12 protons than that of Sodium's +11, the nucleus of Magnesium attracts its outer electrons more strongly than Sodium does. This makes the Magnesium atom smaller.

Answer: 0.43molO₂

Explanation:

The ideal gas law for moles is [tex]n=\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]. If you did not know, R is the ideal gas constant, [tex]0.0821\frac{L*atm}{mol*K}[/tex].

Since the temperature must be in Kelvin, we must convert our given temperature from ℃ to K. [tex]19C+273=292K[/tex]

Now that we have the temperature converted to Kelvin, we can plug in our information to the ideal gas law for the number of moles.

[tex]n=\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]

[tex]n=\frac{1.38atm*7.51L}{0.0821\frac{L*atm}{mol*K} *292K} =0.43molO_{2}[/tex]

[tex]n=0.43molO_{2}[/tex]

Therefore, the number of moles is 0.43molO₂.

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Answer:

Answer:

Example of a scientific question:

Does the angle of a ramp change the distance a toy car will travel?

Explanation:

Decomposition reaction represents the breakdown of single compound into more products.

A decomposition reaction is a type of reaction in which one reactant breaks down into two or more products. This can be represented by the general equation: H2O2 →  2H + 2O. In this example the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide occurs and  water and oxygen are formed.

Zinc reacts with dilute sulphuric acid to form zinc sulphate and hydrogen This hydrogen goes up into the atmosphere whereas the zinc sulphate remains.

Magnesium ribbon should be cleaned before burning in air because Magnesium metal combines with oxygen to form Magnesium Oxide (MgO) layer, which is a very stable molecule.

Arteries have thick, elastic walls, while veins have thin walls because arteries are under more pressure, as compared to veins that are under less pressure. Arteries are big in size whereas veins are small.

The role of valves in the heart is that these valves prevent the backward flow of blood.

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The best assessment of Gina's prediction is that the several medium-sized cubes will dissolve faster than the large cube of sugar.

The surface area of a substance refers to the total area on the surface of that object.

Surface area plays a vital role in the dissolution of a substance. When a solute dissolves, the action takes place only at the surface of each particle.

This suggests that when the total surface area of the solute particles is increased, the solute dissolves more rapidly, hence, the best assessment of Gina's prediction is that the several medium-sized cubes will dissolve faster.

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The equilibrium constant of the reaction is 0.323.

Equilibrium constant:

It is expressed as the ratio of concentration of the products to the concentration of reactants. It is represented by K.

The relationship of K with G (Gibbs free energy) is expressed as:

G° = -RTlnK

Here R is the gas constant, T is the temperature.

Calculations:

Convert 25°C to K.

25°C = (25 + 273.15) K

= 298.15 K

Substitute the values in the above expression.

2.8 x 1000 J/mol = -8.314 J/mol.K x 298.15 K x ln(K)

lnK = 2800 J/mol/(-8.314 J/mol.K x 298.15 K)

lnK = -1.13

K = e^-1.13

  = 0.323

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Answer:

nonpolar

Explanation:

A nonpolar solvent has the highest solubility with a nonpolar solute.

The correct ratio of the atoms of the two elements in the sample of copper chloride compound would be 1:2.

Copper chloride has a chemical formula, [tex]CuCl_2[/tex].

Thus, an atom of copper, Cu, combines with 2 atoms of chlorine, Cl.

The 2 chlorine atoms are recipients of an electron each from the copper atom which happens to have 2 electrons in its outermost valence shell.

Therefore, the ratio of copper to chlorine atoms in the compound is 1:2.

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The amount of oxygen that can be recovered would be 14.37 grams

[tex]Fe(OH)_3[/tex] has 3 atoms of oxygen.

The percentage oxygen composition in the compound can be calculated as:

              mass of oxygen content/total mass

The molar mass of the compound is 106.87 g/mol.

Percent oxygen = 3 x 16/106.87 x 100% = 44.91%

Thus, the amount of oxygen that can be recovered from 32.0 grams of Fe(OH)3 will be:

            44.91/100 x 32 = 14.37 grams

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Answer:

1548.67g

Explanation:

q=mL

since specific latent heat of vaporisation of water (L) = 2.260 kJ/g,

3500kJ = m(2.26)

m = 1548.67g

P=20707.7 atm

The ideal gas law is a straightforward formula that describes the relationship between an ideal gas's pressure P, volume V, and temperature T. Unless there is a strong reason to treat gases differently, we normally treat gases as ideal because of how straightforward this relationship is:-

PV=nRT

where ;

P= Pressure=?

V= Volume= 10.5 L

n= no.of mol.= 82.5 mol

R=Ideal gas constant= 8.314 joule / mol kelvin

T=Temperature= 317 K

using Given value:-

P= nRT/ V

P=(82.5 x 8.314 x 317) / 10.5

P=20707.7 atm

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Answer:

CaBr₂, CaO, FeBr₂, FeO

Explanation:

Per binary compound, there must be 1 cation (Ca²⁺, Fe²⁺) and 1 anion (Br⁻, O²⁻). The compound should have a charge of 0 (neutral). For this to occur, there sometimes needs to be more than one cation/anion present in the compound. Below I have included the math that displays why there are more ions necessary in some compounds.

CaBr₂

-----> Ca = +2 and Br = -1

-----> +2 + (-1) + (-1) = 0

CaO

-----> Ca = +2 and O = -2

-----> +2 + (-2) = 0

FeBr₂

-----> Fe = +2 and Br = -1

-----> +2 + (-1) + (-1) = 0

FeO

-----> Fe = +2 and O = -2

-----> +2 + (-2) = 0

=> 0.25 M

The question is asking us to find the molarity/concentration of the acid (HCl).

We have been provided with;

12.50 mL of 0.20 M NaOH

10.0 mL of HCl

We know that molarity (M) of a solution is contained in 1 L or 1000 mL or 1000 cm³.

This means that;

0.20 M is contained in 1000 mL.

X mol is contained in 12.50 mL

[tex] x \: mol \: = \frac{12.50 \times 0.20}{1000} \\ = 0.0025 \: moles[/tex]

= 0.0025 moles

These 0.0025 moles is contained in 10 mL of HCl.

To find the molarity of the acid;

0.0025 moles is contained in 10 mL

x mol is contained in 1000 mL

[tex]x \: mol \: = \frac{0.0025 \times 1000}{10} \\ = 0.25 \: mol[/tex]

= 0.25 M

Therefore the Concentration of the acid (HCl) is 0.25 M

Answer:

=> 2.8554 g/mL

Explanation:

To determine the formula to use in solving such a problem, you have to consider what you have been given.

We have;

mass (m)     = 16.59 g

Volume (v) =  5.81 mL

From our question, we are to determine the density (rho) of the rock.

The formula:

[tex]p = \frac{m}{v}[/tex]

Substitute the values into the formula:

​[tex]p = \frac{16.59 g}{5.81 mL} \\ = 2.8554 g/mL[/tex]

= 2.8554 g/mL

Therefore, the density (rho) of the rock is 2.8554 g/mL.

It is formed via the more/most stable carbocation.

What justification exists for Markovnikov's Rule?

A carbocation is created as a result of the protonation of the alkene by the protic acid. The carbocation that has the most alkyl substituents on its carbon holds the positive charge, making it the most stable carbocation. As a result, the addition of the halide to the carbon that has fewer hydrogen substituents makes up the majority of the product.

Markovnikov's rule

According to the Markovnikov rule, a proton is added to the carbon atom with the greatest number of hydrogen atoms connected in addition to processes involving alkenes or alkynes.

Anti-Markovnikov Rule

According to the Anti-Markovnikov Rule, in addition to reactions between alkenes or alkynes, The carbon atom with the fewest hydrogen atoms linked to it receives the proton.

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Correct option:

The correct name for [tex]P_{2}O_{5}[/tex]  is diphosphorus pentoxide.

Why [tex]P_{2}O_{5}[/tex] is called diphosphorus pentoxide?

[tex]P_{2}O_{5}[/tex] is commonly known as diphosphorus pentoxide.

Phosphorus pentoxide has an intriguing property in that [tex]P_{2}O_{5}[/tex] is actually its empirical formula, whereas [tex]P_{4}O_{10}[/tex] is its actual molecular formula.

However, the name of the chemical was obtained from its empirical formula rather than from its molecular formula. The official name for this substance is diphosphorus pentoxide.

Oxygen-containing binary compounds have "oxide" as their "last name." Phosphorus is the "first name."

We list each atom's numbers below:

The di- and Penta- prefixes are used to indicate the presence of two and five oxygen atoms, respectively, in the molecule.

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Answer:

diphosphorus pentoxide

Explanation:

Answer:

Bond between N and Br is non polar bond

Answer:

Explanation:Matter is anything that has weight and occupies space