The difference between a baseline and an objective is a baseline is a start, and an objective is an ending. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is the objective of baseline?Regardless of the study topic, a baseline study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey that primarily offers quantitative data on the current condition of a specific situation in a given population. It seeks to quantify how various variables are distributed over time within a study population.
A baseline is a constant point of comparison that is employed in comparison studies. In business, a project's or product's success is frequently evaluated in comparison to a baseline figure for expenses, sales, or any other number of factors. A project may go over or under its predetermined benchmark.
Thus, option A is correct.
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he assessment you are doing lives in the cloud. The program that grades it and saves your score lives in the cloud. Who might need to apply
atches to this software? Select three options.
The school is responsible for updating computers in its computer lab if you work at school.
It depends on the operating system you are using. Some operating systems do not do updates.
Updates known as patches are made available by both hardware producers and software developers (of both operating systems and applications).
What do patches mean?Operating system (OS) and software patches are updates that address security holes in a program or product. Updates may be released by software developers to fix performance problems and include better security features.
Why are software patches and updates necessary?Updates can improve application functionality and compatibility while mitigating security holes. The continued operation of computers, mobile devices, and tablets depends on software upgrades. They might also lessen security flaws. Data breaches, hacking, and identity theft have all lately hit the news.
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Explain how abstraction makes your computer easier to use. Give at least one example.
Abstraction removes all specific details, and any problems that will help you solve the problem. Thus makes your computer easier to use.
What is abstraction?An abstraction is a generic thought as opposed to one that pertains to a specific thing, person, or circumstance. The concept of abstraction is one that applies to both the actual world and OOP languages.
The typical details of an idea are left out. Code that uses abstractions is simpler to comprehend since it focuses on the main functions and operations rather than the minute details. Don't program to implementations; program to interfaces.
Therefore, abstraction eliminates all specific information and any issues that could aid in problem-solving.
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Select the correct answer.
Ergonomic principles suggest minimizing pressure points while working on a computer. What will help to minimize pressure points while doing
sedentary work?
O A. use handles on boxes
O B.
take regular breaks
O C.
use cushioning while sitting
arrange your work area
O
D.
Reset
Next
I think the third option C
1. Explain the benefits and drawbacks of using C++ and Visual Studio in a coding project.
2. Explain the benefits and drawbacks of using Java and Eclipse or Python and PyCharm in a coding project.
3. Describe the advantages of being able to code in multiple coding languages and compilers.
Answer:
1. The benefits of using C++ and Visual Studio in a coding project include the availability of a wide range of libraries and tools, the ability to create high-performance applications, and the ability to customize the code as needed. Drawbacks include the complexity of the language and the potential for memory leaks.
2. The benefits of using Java and Eclipse or Python and PyCharm in a coding project include the availability of a large number of libraries and tools, the ability to create high-level applications quickly, and the relative simplicity of the language. Drawbacks include the potential for code to become bloated and the lack of support for certain features.
3. The advantages of being able to code in multiple coding languages and compilers include the ability to use different languages and tools for different tasks, the ability to switch between languages quickly, and the ability to take advantage of the strengths of each language. Additionally, coding in multiple languages can help to increase one's overall coding knowledge and skills.
Explanation:
Code to be written in python:
Correct answer will be automatically awarded the brainliest!
Since you now have a good understanding of the new situation, write a new num_of_paths function to get the number of ways out. The function should take in a map of maze that Yee Sian sent to you and return the result as an integer. The map is a tuple of n tuples, each with m values. The values inside the tuple are either 0 or 1. So maze[i][j] will tell you what's in cell (i, j) and 0 stands for a bomb in that cell.
For example, this is the maze we saw in the previous question:
((1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1),
(1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1),
(0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0),
(1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1),
(0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0),
(1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1),
(0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0),
(1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1),
(1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0),
(1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1))
Note: You should be using dynamic programming to pass time limitation test.
Hint: You might find the following algorithm useful:
Initialize an empty table (dictionary), get the number of rows n and number of columns m.
Fill in the first row. For j in range m:
2.1 If maze[0][j] is safe, set table[(0, j)] to be 1 because there's one way to go there.
2.2 If maze[0][j] has a bomb, set table[(0, k)] where k >= j to be 0. Since one cell is broken along the way, all following cells (in the first row) cannot be reached.
Fill in the first column. For i in range n:
3.1 If maze[i][0] is safe, set table[(i, 0)] to be 1 because there's one way to go there.
3.2 If maze[i][0] has a bomb, set table[(i, 0)] and all cells under it to be 0. The reason is same as for the first row.
Main dynamic programming procedure - fill in the rest of the table.
If maze[i][j] has a bomb, set table[(i, j)] = 0.
Otherwise, table[(i, j)] = table[(i - 1, j)] + table[(i, j - 1)]
Return table[(n - 1, m - 1)]
Incomplete code:
def num_of_paths(maze):
# your code here
# Do NOT modify
maze1 = ((1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1),
(1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1),
(0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0),
(1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1),
(0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0),
(1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1),
(1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1),
(0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0),
(1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1),
(1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0),
(1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1))
maze2 = ((1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1),
(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1),
(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1),
(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1),
(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1),
(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1),
(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1))
maze3 = ((1, 0, 1, 1),
(1, 0, 1, 1),
(1, 0, 1, 1),
(1, 0, 1, 1),
(1, 0, 1, 0),
(1, 0, 0, 1))
Test Cases:
num_of_paths(maze1) 2
num_of_paths(maze2) 3003
num_of_paths(maze3) 0
Meredith's repair business has two offices—one on the east side of town and one on the west side. An employee may work out of one office on one day and the other office on the next, based on the workload on a given day. For this reason, Meredith found it useful to set up a network to connect both offices. The company's important files are stored on a server so that employees can access the information they need from either location. The type of network Meredith's business is most likely using is a _____.
WAN
MAN
LAN
Answer:
MAN
Explanation:
brainliest?:(
Answer:
WAN (Wide Area Network)
Which learners like to be outside and are good at preservation, conservation, and organizing a living area?
A naturalistic learner likes to be outside and is good at preservation, conservation, and organizing a living area The correct option is a.
What is a naturalistic learner?Naturalistic Learners are students who have strengths in intelligence related to nature. They may be highly connected to nature in many ways: They may have a deep love of plants, animals, people, rocks, nature, being outdoors, camping, hiking, rock climbing, biology, astrology, dinosaurs, etc
Naturalistic learners enjoy nature and being outside, as the name suggests. They learn best outside and can easily connect with concepts centered on plants, animals, and the environment.
Therefore, the correct option is a, naturalistic learner.
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The question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below:
naturalistic learner
kinesthetic learners
visual learners
aural Learners
• Describe the core components and terminology of Group Policy.
The core components and terminology of the group policy are directory services and file sharing.
What is the group policy component?A GPO is a virtual object that stores policy-setting information and consists of two parts: GPO's and their attributes are saved in a directory service, such as Active Directory.
It essentially provides a centralized location for administrators to manage and configure the settings of operating systems, applications, and users.
File share: GPO's can also save policy settings to a local or remote file share, such as the Group Policy file share.
Therefore, the group policy's main components and terminology are directory services and file sharing.
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To insert a new column to left of a specific column right click the header containing the columns letter and select
To insert a new column to the left of a specific column, right-click the header containing the column's letter and select simply right-click on any cell in a column, right-click and then click on Insert.
What is inserting columns?By doing so, the Insert dialog box will open, allowing you to choose "Entire Column." By doing this, a column would be added to the left of the column where the cell was selected.
Go to Home > Insert > Insert Sheet Columns or Delete Sheet Columns after selecting any cell in the column. You might also right-click the column's top and choose Insert or Delete.
Therefore, to insert a column, right-click the header containing the column's letter.
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Which of the following IPv4 addresses is a public IP address?
An example of Pv4 addresses that is a public IP address is
An example of a public IPv4 address is "8.8.8.8". This is a public IP address that is assigned to one of Go ogle's DNS servers. Any device connected to the Internet can use this IP address to resolve domain names and access websites.What is the IP address about?
A public IP address is a globally unique IP address that is assigned to a device or computer that is connected to the Internet. Public IP addresses are used to identify devices on the Internet and are reachable from any device connected to the Internet.
On the other hand, private IP addresses are used within a local area network (LAN) or within a private network, and are not reachable from the Internet.
They are used to identify devices within a local network, such as a home or office network. Private IP addresses are not unique and can be used by multiple devices within a LAN.
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How many rows are in the SFrame?
Answer: It's not possible for me to know how many rows are in a specific SFrame without more information. The number of rows in an SFrame will depend on the data that it contains and how it was created.
Explanation: SFrame is a data structure for storing large amounts of data in a tabular format, similar to a spreadsheet or a SQL table. It was developed by the company Turi, which was later acquired by Apple. SFrames are designed to be efficient and scalable, and they can store data in a variety of formats, including numerical, categorical, and text data.
Explain TWO examples of IT usages in business (e.g.: application or system) that YOU
have used before. Discuss your experience of using these system or applications. The
discussions have to be from YOUR own experience
Answer:
(DO NOT copy from other sources). Discuss these systems or applications which include of:
Introduction and background of the application or system. Support with a diagram, screenshots or illustration.
Explanation:
Steve works in human resources for a company with more than three thousand employees. He needs to send new insurance documents to each employee. Steve should _____.
A) use a digital ink pen to scan his handwritten notes from a meeting
B) send an e-mail to all employees and attach the insurance documents
C) call each employee and ask them to pick up the documents at his desk
D) create a presentation
The correct answer is B) send an email to all employees and attach the insurance documents. This is the most efficient and effective way for Steve to disseminate the insurance documents to all employees. It allows employees to access the documents electronically, at their convenience, and ensures that everyone receives the same information. Option A) using a digital ink pen to scan handwritten notes is not a viable option for distributing the insurance documents to all employees. Option C) calling each employee and asking them to pick up the documents at Steve's desk is also not practical, as it would be time-consuming and may not be convenient for all employees. Option D) creating a presentation is not relevant to the task at hand.
Which option best describes open source software?
a type of software used to bundle products together
a type of software used to sync up to Windows
a type of software that works well with almost all applications and drivers
a type of software that can be freely used and modified
Answer:
a type of software that can be freely used and modified.
Type the program's output states = ['CA', 'NY', 'TX', 'FL', 'MA'] for (position, state) in enumerate(states): print(state, position)
Answer:
states = ['CA', 'NY', 'TX', 'FL', 'MA']
for (position, state) in enumerate(states):
print(state, position)
Output:
CA 0
NY 1
TX 2
FL 3
MA 4
Rory has asked you for advice on (1) what types of insurance she needs and (2) how she should decide on the coverage levels vs monthly premium costs. Give Rory specific recommendations she can follow to minimize her financial risk but also keep a balanced budget.
She should get a basic health insurance plan with a monthly premium choice as she is a single lady without children in order to make payments more convenient.
How much does health insurance cost?All full-time employees (30 hours or more each week) have their health insurance taken out of their paychecks. It will total 9.15 percent of your salary when combined with your pension payment. For illustration, a person making 300,000 per month will have 27,450 taken out.
Where in the world is medical treatment free?Only one nation—Brazil—offers universally free healthcare. According to the constitution, everyone has the right to healthcare. Everyone in the nation, even transient guests, has access to free medical treatment.
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one example of FLAT artwork is tagged image file format which is a common computer what file
One example of FLAT artwork is the Tagged Image File Format (TIFF). TIFF is a common computer file format used for storing raster images.
What is the image file format about?It is a flexible format that can support a wide range of color depths and image compression methods. It is often used for high-quality images, such as those used in printing, and is supported by a wide range of image-editing software.
Therefore, based on the context of the above, TIFF files are FLAT artwork as they are a single, static image without any animations or interactivity.
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Which option is considered hardware and is designed by computer
engineers?
O A. The operating system that runs a computer
OB. A computer's processors and circuit boards
OC. Networks that connect computers
D. Game and web applications
Hardware includes components like circuit boards and CPUs, which are created by computer experts.
Hardware definition and examples.Computer: Any component of the computer that we can touch is referred to as hardware. These are the main electronic components that go into making a computer. The Processor, Memory Devices, Monitor, Printer, Keyboard, Mouse, and Central Processing Unit are a few examples of hardware in a computer.
How do software and hardware differ?Any physical component of a computer is referred to as hardware. This includes hardware like monitors and keyboards as well as components found within gadgets like hard drives and microchips. Software, which includes computer programs and mobile apps, is anything that instructs hardware on what to do and how to accomplish it.
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The user is able to input grades and their weights, and calculates the overall final mark. The program should also output what you need to achieve on a specific assessment to achieve a desired overall mark. The program should be able to account for MULTIPLE COURSES as well.
I have done some pseudocode. So to double check, please provide pseudocode and python code.
I do plan to use homework, quizzes and tests for the grades portion and using the exam as part of the desired mark portion.
Please follow the instructions above. LISTS are allowed to be used.
Answer:
def calculate_final_mark(courses):
final_mark = 0
total_weight = 0
for course in courses:
final_mark += course['mark'] * course['weight']
total_weight += course['weight']
return final_mark / total_weight
def calculate_required_mark(courses, desired_mark):
current_mark = calculate_final_mark(courses)
total_weight = 0
for course in courses:
total_weight += course['weight']
required_mark = (desired_mark - current_mark) / (1 - total_weight)
return required_mark
# Example usage:
courses = [
{'name': 'Math', 'mark': 80, 'weight': 0.4},
{'name': 'Science', 'mark': 70, 'weight': 0.3},
{'name': 'English', 'mark': 65, 'weight': 0.3},
]
final_mark = calculate_final_mark(courses)
print(f"Your final mark is {final_mark:.1f}")
desired_mark = 80
required_mark = calculate_required_mark(courses, desired_mark)
print(f"You need to score at least {required_mark:.1f} on your next assessment to achieve a final mark of {desired_mark}")
Manfred wants to include the equation for the area of a circle in his presentation. Which option should he choose?
O In the Design tab of the ribbon, choose a slide theme that includes the equation.
O In the Home tab of the ribbon, choose Quick Styles and select the equation from the default options.
In the Insert tab of the ribbon, choose Object and select the equation from the dialog box.
In the Insert tab of the ribbon, choose Equation and select the equation from the default options.
Answer:
In the Insert tab of the ribbon, Manfred should choose Equation and select the equation from the default options.
technology helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information. a. Computer b. Nano c. Communication d. Information O O
The technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information are:
a. Computer
b. Communication
d. Information
What is the technology about?Computer technology helps to produce, manipulate, store, and communicate information through various software and hardware.
Communication technology helps to disseminate information through various means of communication such as phone, internet, radio, and television.
Therefore, Information technology encompasses all technologies used to handle and process information, including computer and communication technology.
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Which of the following components could you add to your network rec to help protect your servers from brown outdoor blackouts an ethernet switch patch panel
Assuming your local area experiences brownouts or blackouts during frequent electrical storms. A component which you could add to your network rack to help protect your servers from brownouts or blackouts include the following: A. UPS.
What is a UPS?In Computer technology, UPS is an abbreviation for Uninterrupted Power Supply and it can be defined as a device that is designed and developed to with an enhanced battery system, in order to allow a computer and other electrical devices to keep running and functioning for at least a short time in the event of a power disruption or when the incoming (input) power is interrupted.
Generally speaking, a short-term decrease in electrical power availability is typically referred to as a brownout.
In order to protect a network equipment such as a router, server, or switch from brownouts or blackouts during frequent electrical storms, you must add an Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) to your network rack.
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Complete Question:
Your local area experiences brownouts or blackouts during frequent electrical storms. Which of the following components could you add to your network rack to help protect your servers from brownouts or blackouts?
UPS
Ethernet switch
Patch panel
Wireless controller
Code to be written in python:
Correct answer will get brainliest! :)
For any positive integer S, if we sum up the squares of the digits of S, we get another integer S1. If we repeat the process, we get another integer S2. We can repeat this process as many times as we want, but it has been proven that the integers generated in this way always eventually reach one of the 10 numbers 0, 1, 4, 16, 20, 37, 42, 58, 89, or 145. Particularly, a positive integer S is said to be happy if one of the integers generated this way is 1. For example, starting with 7 gives the sequence {7, 49, 97, 130, 10, 1}, so 7 is a happy number.
Your task is to write a function compute_happy_numbers(range1, range2) , where range1 and range2 are each tuples of the form (lower_bound, upper_bound), and returns a tuple containing: (1) the number of happy numbers in range1, (2) the number of happy numbers in range2, (3) the number of the range (1 or 2) containing more happy numbers, or None if both ranges have the same number of happy numbers.
def compute_happy_numbers(range1, range2):
"""Your code here"""
Test Cases:
compute_happy_numbers((1,1), (1,1)) (1, 1, None)
compute_happy_numbers((1, 10), (11, 100)) (3, 17, 2)
Can someone write a code that makes circles change colors. Name it update () function.
Using the knowledge in computational language in python it is possible write a code that makes circles change colors.
Writting the code:import PyQt5, sys, time,os
from os import system,name
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtCore import QPoint,QTimerEvent,QTimer,Qt
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget,QApplication,QMainWindow
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter
class Stoplight(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self,parent = None):
QWidget.__init__(self,parent)
self.setWindowTitle("Stoplight")
self.setGeometry(500,500,250,510)
def paintEvent(self,event):
radx = 50
rady = 50
center = QPoint(125,125)
p = QPainter()
p.begin(self)
p.setBrush(Qt.white)
p.drawRect(event.rect())
p.end()
p1 = QPainter()
p1.begin(self)
p1.setBrush(Qt.red)
p1.setPen(Qt.black)
p1.drawEllipse(center,radx,rady)
p1.end()
class Stoplight1(Stoplight):
def __init__(self,parent = None):
QWidget.__init__(self,parent)
self.setWindowTitle("Stoplight")
self.setGeometry(500,500,250,510)
def paintEvent(self,event):
radx = 50
rady = 50
center = QPoint(125,125)
p = QPainter()
p.begin(self)
p.setBrush(Qt.white)
p.drawRect(event.rect())
p.end()
p1 = QPainter()
p1.begin(self)
p1.setBrush(Qt.green)
p1.setPen(Qt.black)
p1.drawEllipse(center,radx,rady)
p1.end()
if __name__ == "__main__":
application = QApplication(sys.argv)
stoplight1 = Stoplight()
stoplight2 = Stoplight1()
time.sleep(1)
stoplight1.show()
time.sleep(1)
stoplight2.show()
sys.exit(application.exec_())
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Code to be written in python:
Correct code will automatically be awarded the brainliest
You had learnt how to create the Pascal Triangle using recursion.
def pascal(row, col):
if col == 1 or col == row:
return 1
else:
return pascal(row - 1, col) + pascal(row - 1, col - 1)
But there is a limitation on the number of recursive calls. The reason is that the running time for recursive Pascal Triangle is exponential. If the input is huge, your computer won't be able to handle. But we know values in previous rows and columns can be cached and reused. Now with the knowledge of Dynamic Programming, write a function faster_pascal(row, col). The function should take in an integer row and an integer col, and return the value in (row, col).
Note: row and col starts from 1.
Test Cases:
faster_pascal(3, 2) 2
faster_pascal(4, 3) 3
faster_pascal(100, 45) 27651812046361280818524266832
faster_pascal(500, 3) 124251
faster_pascal(1, 1) 1
Answer:
def faster_pascal(row, col):
# Create a list of lists to store the values
table = [[0 for x in range(col + 1)] for x in range(row + 1)]
# Initialize the first row
table[1][1] = 1
# Populate the table
for i in range(2, row + 1):
for j in range(1, min(i, col) + 1):
# The first and last values in each row are 1
if j == 1 or j == i:
table[i][j] = 1
# Other values are the sum of values just above and left of the current cell
else:
table[i][j] = table[i-1][j-1] + table[i-1][j]
# Return the required result
return table[row][col]
print(faster_pascal(3, 2))
print(faster_pascal(4, 3))
print(faster_pascal(100, 45))
print(faster_pascal(500, 3))
print(faster_pascal(1, 1))
Brainliest if this helps! :))
explain the fundamental Components of a Programming Language
can u answer in 8 lines
Answer:
1. Syntax: Syntax is the structure of a programming language which includes rules for constructing valid statements and expressions.
2. Data Types: Data types are used to define the type of data that is stored in a variable.
3. Variables: Variables are used to store data values.
4. Operators: Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
5. Control Structures: Control structures are used to control the flow of a program.
6. Functions: Functions are used to group related code into a reusable block.
7. Libraries: Libraries are collections of functions and data structures that can be used in a program.
8. Comments: Comments are used to document code and make it easier to understand.
Explanation:
what do you understand by statistic
Statistics is the study and manipulation of data, including methods for data collection, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation.
Describe statistics using an example.Finding out how many people in a town watch TV relative to the overall population of the town is an example of statistical analysis. Here, the small group of individuals drawn from the population is referred to as the sample.
What are types and statistics?Statistics is a technique for interpreting, analyzing, and summarizing data in mathematics. In light of these characteristics, the various statistical types are divided into: Statistics that are descriptive and inferential. We analyze and understand data based on how it is presented, such as using pie charts, bar graphs, or tables.
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Specifications and Cloud Service Providers will be given. (a) You have to find the best provider (b) Determine the cost using THREE BIG cloud providers in the world (c) In case of any failure how you handle.
Your team has a unified view of every customer, from their initial click to their final call, thanks to Service Cloud. By viewing all customer information and interactions on one screen, handling time can be decreased.
Who are the top three providers of cloud services?The three cloud service providers with the greatest market shares—Web Services (AWS), Azure, and Cloud Platform (GCP)—acquire approximately 65% of the money spent on cloud infrastructure services.
Which services do cloud service providers offer in total?Cloud computing refers to the delivery of services including networking, storage, servers, and databases over the internet. It is a novel approach to resource provisioning, application staging, and platform-agnostic user access to services.
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Code to be written in Python:
Correct answer will get the brainliest!
Uyen decides to write a Python program to count towards the next birthday.
In order to do so, she plans to write a function count_days(start_date, end_date) which takes in the start date and end date in the string format, "dd/mm/yyyy", and returns the number of days between the start date and end date. The start date is included while the end date is not included in the count. Note that leading zeros in start_date and end_date are skipped if there are any (For example, the date 1st January 2017 will be in the format 1/1/2017).
Currently, Uyen has only completed a skeleton of count_days, and a few helper functions, which are provided below.
Your Tasks:
(a) Help Uyen complete the four functions marked with 'TODO'. They are get_day_month_year, less_than_equal, next_date and count_days.
(b) Uyen was quite careless, she didn't check for input data validity. You will also need to help her with this. We only proceed to count days if the dates are valid, and the start date is before or same as the end date.
Assume a valid date is between 1/1/1970 and 31/12/9999. The leap year and valid date check are already provided.
If one of the dates is not valid, throw an exception with a message that has the value: "Not a valid date: " + date, where date is the invalid date.
If the start date is after the end date, throw an exception with a message value: "Start date must be less than or equal end date."
Note: is_leap_year(year) and is_valid(d, m, y) are provided, you can make use of them.
Incomplete code:
def is_leap_year(year):
# DONE: do not need to modify
if year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0:
return True
if year % 400 == 0:
return True
return False
def is_valid(d, m, y):
# DONE: do not need to modify
# d, m, y represents day, month, and year in integer.
if y < 1970 or y > 9999:
return False
if m < 1 or m > 12:
return False
if d < 1 or d > 31:
return False
if m == 4 or m == 6 or m == 9 or m == 11:
if d > 30:
return False
if is_leap_year(y):
if m == 2 and d > 29:
return False
else:
if m == 2 and d > 28:
return False
return True
def get_day_month_year(date):
# TODO: split the date and return a tuple of integer (day, month, year)
d = 1
m = 1
y = 1970
return (d, m, y)
def less_than_equal(start_day, start_mon, start_year, \
end_day, end_mon, end_year):
# TODO: return true if start date is before or same as end date
return False
def next_date(d, m, y):
# TODO: get the next date from the current date (d, m, y)
# return a tuple of integer (day, month, year).
return (d, m, y)
def count_days(start_date, end_date):
# date is represented as a string in format dd/mm/yyyy
start_day, start_mon, start_year = get_day_month_year(start_date)
end_day, end_mon, end_year = get_day_month_year(end_date)
# TODO: check for data validity here #
# if start date is not valid...
# if end date is not valid...
# if start date > end date...
# lazy - let the computer count from start date to end date
count = 0
while less_than_equal(start_day, start_mon, start_year, end_day, end_mon, end_year):
count = count + 1
start_day, start_mon, start_year = next_date(start_day, start_mon, start_year)
# exclude end date
return count - 1
Test Cases:
test_count_days('1/1/1970', '2/1/1970') 1
test_count_days('1/1/1970', '31/12/1969') Not a valid date: 31/12/1969
test_count_days('1/1/1999', '29/2/1999') Not a valid date: 29/2/1999
test_count_days('14/2/1995', '19/3/2014') 6973
test_count_days('19/3/2014', '19/4/2013') Start date must be less than or equal end date.
get_day_month_year('19/3/2014') (19, 3, 2014)
get_day_month_year('1/1/1999') (1, 1, 1999)
get_day_month_year('12/12/2009') (12, 12, 2009)
less_than_equal(19, 3, 2014, 19, 3, 2014) True
less_than_equal(18, 3, 2014, 19, 3, 2014) True
less_than_equal(20, 3, 2014, 19, 3, 2014) False
less_than_equal(19, 3, 2015, 19, 3, 2014) False
less_than_equal(19, 6, 2014, 19, 3, 2014) False
less_than_equal(18, 12, 2014, 19, 11, 2014) False
less_than_equal(18, 12, 2014, 19, 11, 2015) True
less_than_equal(31, 3, 2018, 29, 4, 2018) True
next_date(1, 1, 2013) (2, 1, 2013)
next_date(28, 2, 2014) (1, 3, 2014)
next_date(28, 2, 2012) (29, 2, 2012)
next_date(29, 2, 2012) (1, 3, 2012)
next_date(30, 4, 2014) (1, 5, 2014)
next_date(31, 5, 2014) (1, 6, 2014)
next_date(31, 12, 2014) (1, 1, 2015)
next_date(30, 5, 2014) (31, 5, 2014)
To complete the function get_day_month_year(date), we can split the date string using the / character as a delimiter and return a tuple of integers:
def get_day_month_year(date):
day, month, year = date.split('/')
return (int(day), int(month), int(year))
To complete the function less_than_equal(start_day, start_mon, start_year, end_day, end_mon, end_year), we can compare the year, month, and day of the start date to the year, month, and day of the end date and return True if the start date is less than or equal to the end date:
def less_than_equal(start_day, start_mon, start_year, end_day, end_mon, end_year):
if start_year < end_year:
return True
elif start_year == end_year:
if start_mon < end_mon:
return True
elif start_mon == end_mon:
if start_day <= end_day:
return True
return False
To complete the function next_date(d, m, y), we can first increment the day by 1 and check if the resulting date is valid. If it is not valid, we can set the day to 1 and increment the month by 1. We can continue this process until we reach a valid date:
def next_date(d, m, y):
d += 1
while not is_valid(d, m, y):
d = 1
m += 1
if m > 12:
m = 1
y += 1
return (d, m, y)
Finally, to complete the function count_days(start_date, end_date), we can add code to check the validity of the start and end dates, and throw an exception if either of them is not valid or if the start date is after the end date. We can do this by calling the is_valid function and the less_than_equal function:
def count_days(start_date, end_date):
start_day, start_mon, start_year = get_day_month_year(start_date)
end_day, end_mon, end_year = get_day_month_year(end_date)
if not is_valid(start_day, start_mon, start_year):
raise Exception("Not a valid date: " + start_date)
if not is_valid(end_day, end_mon, end_year):
raise Exception("Not a valid date: " + end_date)
if not less_than_equal(start_day, start_mon, start_year, end_day, end_mon, end_year):
raise Exception("Start date must be less than or equal end date.")
count = 0
while less_than_equal(start_day, start_mon, start_year, end_day, end_mon, end_year):
count = count + 1
start_day, start_mon, start_year = next_date(start_
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