Answer: Momentum depends upon two variables which are mass and velocity.
Explanation: Every moving thing possesses a quantity of motion, as defined by Newton. It is known as momentum nowadays. A moving object's characteristic called momentum is influenced by its mass and speed.
By dividing the mass by the speed of a moving item, one can calculate its momentum.
Momentum is equivalent to mass times speed.
Momentum has a direction and a strength, just like velocity, acceleration and force. An object's momentum moves in the same direction as its speed. A moving thing is more difficult to stop the more momentum it possesses.
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The pH of a 0.0040 M solution of Ca(OH)₂ is...
A) 13.02
B) 11.90
C) 11.60
D) 2.097
Answer: The pH of a 0.0040 M solution of Ca(OH)₂ would be basic and would have a pH greater than 7. The answer would be greater than 7, so we can eliminate choices D and C. Choice B is closer to 7 than choice A, so the pH of a 0.0040 M solution of Ca(OH)₂ is most likely B) 11.90.
given 1 in=2.54cm how many centimeters are in an average hand (9.50)?
If an average hand is 9.50 inches, the number of centimeters in an average hand would be 24.035 centimeters.
Unit conversionThe problem here is about converting from one unit to another.
We have been given that: 1 in = 2.54 cm
We were also given that an average hand measured 9.50 inches long. The average length of hand would be the sum of the length of all the hands in the population and the total number of hands whose lengths were measured.
Thus:
If 1 in = 2.53 cm
9.50 in = 9.50 x 2.53
= 24.035 cm
Thus, if 9.50 inches is 24.035 centimeters, it means an average hand will also be 24.035 centimeters long.
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construct a simulated h1 nmr spectrum, including proton integrations, for ch3chcl2 . drag the appropriate splitting patterns to the approximate chemical shift positions; place the integration values in the small bins above the associated chemical shift. splitting patterns and integrations may be used more than once, or not at all, as needed. likewise, some bins might remain blank. note that peak heights are arbitrary and do not indicate proton integrations.
The 1H NMR spectrum for the given compound is shown below.
The chemical shift is equal to 10 to 1/6 the observed TMS shift in Hertz divided by the spectrometer frequency. It is observed in alkenes where the double bond is oriented perpendicular to the external field and the pi electrons are also orbiting perpendicularly.
The induced magnetic field lines are parallel to the external magnetic field at the sites of the alkene protons and thus shift in the range of 4.5 ppm to 7.5 ppm. Exact chemical shift values depend on molecular structure and solvent temperature magnetic field in which the spectrum is recorded, and other neighboring functional groups.
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A student was given an unknown compound dissolved in acetone. The student decided to identify the compound by TLC. The student decides to use a 1:1 hexanes/acetone solvent system. Once the TLC plate was finished running, the student pulls out the TLC to look at it under UV. The student's partner remarks that the spot looked very faint under UV. What would be best for the two students to try next? Redo the TLC plate; it was the students technique that caused the problem. Concentrate the sample solution used. Try to test a 1:9 hexanes/acetone solvent system. Try to test a 9:1 hexanes/acetone solvent system. The compound cannot be identified by TLC. There are two solutions of a-pinene (b.p. - 156 °C, v.p. = 151 torr at 100C) and water (b.p = 100 "Cand v.p. = 760 torr at 100 °C). The molar fraction of a-pinene and water in solution A are 0.60 and 0.40 respectively. The molar fraction of a-pinene and water in solution B are 0.40 and 0.60 respectively. Which statement is true regarding the boiling point of the two solutions? (Hint: a-pinene and water are immiscible) A. Solution A will have a higher boiling point. B. Both solutions will boil at the same temperature. C. Solution B will have a higher boiling point. D. The relative boiling points cannot be determined with the given information. O A. Solution A will have a higher boiling point. O B. Both solutions will boil at the same temperature. O C. Solution B will have a higher boiling point. O D. The relative boiling points cannot be determined with the given information.
A. Liquid A has a higher boiling point.
The boiling point of the solution is usually higher than that of the pure solvent. This is due to the increase in vapor pressure required to overcome the attraction between the solute and solvent molecules.
This phenomenon, known as boiling point elevation, is more pronounced in solutions with high solute concentrations. Therefore, solution A is expected to have a higher boiling point than solution B, which has a higher concentration of water.
Alternatively, you can calculate the boiling points of two solutions using the boiling point elevation formula:
ΔTb = Kb x molarity
where ΔTb is the change in boiling point, Kb is the boiling point rise constant of the solvent, and molarity is the concentration of the solute in moles per kilogram of solvent. By substituting the corresponding values for the two solutions, you can determine which solution has the higher boiling point.
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these transformations can be achieved by the irradiation of azonaphthalene solutions with uv-vis light of appropriate wavelength.
When azonaphthalene solutions are exposed to UV-vis light with the proper wavelength, electronic changes can be produced.
Describe UV radiation.The UV radiation spectrum is separated into three areas known as UVA, UVB, and UVC. This division is similar to how visible light is composed of several colours that are seen in a rainbow. Ozone, water vapour, oxygen, and carbon dioxide all absorb UVC and most UVB as sunlight travels through the atmosphere. The atmosphere does not significantly filter UVA as much.
What is a light wavelength?Light typically has a wavelength between 400 and 700 nanometers (nm), which translates to a frequency between 750 and 420 tetrahertz. Wavelength and frequency have a close relationship, particularly when it comes to light.
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a solid, shiny element is a average conductor of electricity and heat. the element shatters when struck by a hammer. based on this information, which atomic number below identifies the element.
Review the differences between the physical characteristics of metals, non-metals, metalloids, and noble gases as well as their positions in the periodic table.
What exactly is element definition?A basic substance that seems to be difficult to separate into individual bits is termed as a component. Indestructible by non-nuclear interactions, an elements is a compound in both physics and chemistry. An elements is an around over of a larger program or set in arithmetic & computers.
How come it is termed an element?Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances through regular chemical processes is considered a chemical element, often known as an element. The basic building blocks of which everything is made from are called elements.
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look at the given synthesis and the provided reagents. fill in the blanks with the single letter code of the appropriate reagent, or the appropriate descriptive vocabulary word/phrase to complete the description. remember the computer is very literal so check your spelling carefully.
The synthesis of the reagents are explained.
What is reaction ?
In a chemical reaction, bonds within reactant molecules are broken and new bonds are established within product molecules to create a new material.
What is synthesis ?
The process of synthesising chemical compounds from simpler starting ingredients is known as reaction synthesis. It is a difficult and tough task to create complex and defined new compounds, and doing so necessitates the ongoing invention of novel reactions, catalysts, and processes.
First, we add S to form the molecule Butane
Their reagent I form a Bromo functional group in a Fru radical bromination reaction.
This can be converted to a junction group acetoxy by first adding reagent C in Sn2 mechanism and then following up with reagent U to give the desired group via an Ester hydrolysis reaction
A(n) oxidation with reagent H will give the functional group carbonyl which can be reacted
First with F followed by reagent Q workup to give the desired product
Therefore, the synthesis of the reagents are explained.
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heating solid potassium chlorate in the presence of a manganese dioxide catalyst produces potassium chloride and oxygen gas balanced equation
The chemical equation that is balanced is:
2 KClO3 ( s )+ MnO2 (s)→ 2 KCl ( s ) + 3 O2 (g)
Potassium chlorate (s) when heated in the presence of a manganese dioxide catalyst: When heated in the presence of a manganese dioxide catalyst, potassium chlorate (s) decomposes to create potassium chloride and oxygen gas.
The chemical equation that is balanced is:
2 KClO3 ( s )+ MnO2 (s)→ 2 KCl ( s ) + 3 O2 (g)
When potassium chlorate (KClO3) is heated in the presence of manganese dioxide catalyst, it decomposes to form potassium chloride and oxygen gas. The reaction is termed as decomposition reaction.
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The equilibrium constant, K, determines the position of equilibrium in an esterification reaction. Which of these K values describes the most efficient reaction?
a) K = 0.0056
b) K = 5.4
c) K = 0.079
d) K = 1
The equilibrium constant, K, determines the position of equilibrium in an esterification reaction. the K values describes the most efficient reaction is k = 5.4.
The value of the equilibrium constant if greater than 1 then the reaction is the product favored reaction. if the value of the equilibrium constant k is less than 1 then the reaction is the reactants favored. if k is equals to the 1 then it means the reaction is neither reactants favored nor the product favored. if the value of k is larger then the farther the reaction proceeds before it reaches the equilibrium.
Thus, equilibrium constant k is 5.4 for the the position of equilibrium in an esterification reaction the K values describes the most efficient reaction.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a gas based on the kinetic molecular theory?
A. Gas particles are widely dispersed.
B. Gas particles move in a definite direction.
C. Gas particles are in constant and rapid motion.
D. Increasing the temperature causes gas particles to move faster.
To solve such, we need to have concept and postulates of kinetic molecular theory. Therefore, the correct option is option B that is Gas particles move in a definite direction.
What is kinetic molecular theory?The Kinetic Molecular Theory seeks to describe how gases behave. Optimal gases are those that exhibit ideal behavior.
Postulates of this theory
1.Particles that are constantly and randomly moving make up gases.
2.The quantity of kinetic energy that gas particles possess depends on the gas's temperature.
3.Due to the elastic nature of gas particle collisions, no energy is gained or lost.
4.Due to their microscopic size, particles have no volume.
5.Gas particles will flow in a straight line until they collide with the container walls or other gas particles since there aren't any intermolecular forces of attraction or repulsion at work.
Therefore, the correct option is option B.
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The term for a reaction where two solutions are mixed and an insoluble substance forms is called a _____ reaction.
chemical
soluble
precipitation
stoichiometry
balanced
Precipitation reactions are those in which two solutions are combined and an insoluble material results.
What are 4 examples of chemicals?Basic elements, including zinc, helium, or oxygen, as well as compounds comprised of components such water, dioxide, and salt, as well as more complicated materials, such as your computer, the air you breathe, rain, a chicken, an car, etc., are examples of chemicals. any chemical compound's name that includes the names of all of its constituent parts.
What are the 12 chemicals?Aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, polychlorinated, hexachlorobenzen, mirex, polychlorinated polyaromatic, pentachlorophenol dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, but toxaphen were a set of 12 extremely persistent and hazardous chemicals.
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A student conducted an experiment with a chamber filled with nitrogen gas. During the experiment, a change in motion of the atoms of nitrogen occurs as shown in the figure below.
What action by the student could have caused this change in atomic motion?
She heated the chamber with a Bunsen burner.
She added more nitrogen gas into the chamber.
She placed the chamber in an ice bath.
She spun the chamber in a centrifuge.
The action by the student that could have caused this change in atomic motion is that she heated the chamber with a Bunsen burner.
The correct option is A.
What is atomic motion?
Atomic motion can be described as the continual movement of atoms and molecules that are contained within everything in the universe.
Atomic motion occurs when heat accelerates the atoms and causes them to break atomic bonds which in turn causes a solid to turn into a gas or liquid.
When pressure is exerted on nitrogen gas, the volume of nitrogen gas will decrease, in the same way when heat is applied to nitrogen gas, the volume of nitrogen gas will increase.
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which of these structures represent 2-methylbutane? a molecule with the formula c h 3 c h c h 3. there is a c h 2 c h 3 group attached to the c h carbon. a molecule with the formula c h 3 c h c h 2. there is a c h 3 group attached to both the c h and c h 2 carbon. a molecule with the formula c h 3 c h 2 c h c h 3. there is a second c h 3 group attached to the c h carbon. a molecule with the formula c h 3 c h c h 2 c h 3. there is a second c h 3 group attached to the c h carbon. a molecule with the formula c h 3 c h c h 2. there is a c h 3 group attached to both the c h and c h 2 carbon.
The structure represents the 2 - methyl butane is ;
CH₃
|
H₃C - CH - CH₂ - CH₃
The alkane are the compound which contains the carbon carbon single bond and the carbon and hydrogen single covalent bond. the alkanes are the compound having the general formula of CnH2n+2. the butane are the series of compound in which it contains the four carbon atoms. the methyl group is represented as CH₃.
the structure represents the 2 - methyl butane is represented as follows :
CH₃
|
H₃C - CH - CH₂ - CH₃
The above compound contains four carbon atoms with single bond and a methyl group attached in the second carbon.
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help me on dis bro fast
CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH3 ( MARKOVIAN'S RULE AND ANTI MARKOVIAN'S RULE)
Answer:
Explanation:
CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH3 is a molecule with a long carbon chain containing a double bond between the third and fourth carbon atoms. In this molecule, the first three carbon atoms (CH3-CH2-CH) form a substructure known as a propyl group, while the last two carbon atoms (CH=CH-CH3) form a substructure known as an allyl group.
When applying Markovnikov's rule to this molecule, the double bond is treated as a functional group that can react with other molecules. In this case, the double bond will react with a molecule of hydrogen to form a new carbon-hydrogen bond, with the hydrogen atom attaching to the carbon atom that already has the most hydrogens. In this molecule, the carbon atom in the propyl group has three hydrogens, while the carbon atom in the allyl group has only two hydrogens. Therefore, according to Markovnikov's rule, the hydrogen atom will react with the carbon atom in the allyl group, forming a new molecule with the following structure: CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3.
Alternatively, if the reaction follows anti-Markovnikov's rule, the hydrogen atom will react with the carbon atom in the propyl group, forming a new molecule with the following structure: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH=CH3. This is the opposite of what would happen under Markovnikov's rule, as the hydrogen atom attaches to the carbon atom with the fewest hydrogens instead of the most.
Overall, Markovnikov's rule and anti-Markovnikov's rule describe how double bonds in molecules can react with other molecules to form new bonds. These rules help predict the outcome of chemical reactions involving double bonds, and are important tools in organic chemistry.
Anode Cathode Ni Porous plug Ni2 A voltaic cell is made using nickel and silver electrodes immersed in 1.00 Msolutions of Ni2+ and Ag'.Use the table of standard electrode potentials in the appendix of your textbook to help you label the cell diagram. Part 2 (0.5 point) Feedback See Hi Determine the cell potential for the voltaic cell in Part I comprised of nickel and silver electrodes immersed in 1.00 Msolutions of Ni2+ and Agt. (Use the table of standard electrode potentials in the appendix of your textbook.)
The standard cell potential of a voltaic cell which is made up of using nickel and silver electrodes that are immersed in 1M solutions of Ni²⁺ and Ag⁺ is 1.05 V.
The cell reaction is defined as the overall reaction which takes place in the cell, written on the assumption that the right hand electrode is the cathode, that is assuming that the spontaneous reaction is the one in which reduction is occurring in the right-hand compartment.
The cell reaction of Ni²⁺ and Ag⁺ is given as,
Ni → Ni²⁺ + 2e⁻ E° = -0.25 V
2Ag⁺ + 2e⁻ → 2Ag E° = 0.80 V
Overall cell reaction is given as,
Ni / Ni ²⁺ // Ag⁺ / Ag
Standard cell potential is calculated as follows,
⇒ Standard cell potential = Reduction potential of cathode - Reduction potential of anode
⇒ Standard cell potential = 0.80 -(-0.25)
⇒ Standard cell potential = 1.05 V
Hence, the cell potential is 1.05 V.
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Help Please!
Imagine a deer that lives in the meadow. What does the deer eat?
What eats the deer?
Answer: A deer that lives in a meadow would likely eat a variety of plants, such as grasses, leaves, and shrubs. Depending on the season and the availability of food, the deer's diet may also include fruits, nuts, and other plant materials. In some cases, deer may also eat insects or other small animals if they are available.
As for what eats the deer, there are many potential predators depending on the location and environment of the meadow. In some areas, predators of deer could include wolves, coyotes, cougars, or bears. In other areas, deer may be hunted by humans. In addition, some birds of prey, such as eagles or hawks, may also prey on deer, particularly fawns or other young deer.
Explanation:
2 ml of silver nitrate piece of copper metal 2 ml of lead(ii) nitrate piece of zinc metal (sit for 10 minutes) 1 ml of potassium iodide
The lead(II) nitrate solution has a molarity of 1.2M if 22.00 mL of 2.00 M potassium iodide is required to equilibrate with 18.00 mL of lead(II) nitrate.
The following formula can be used to determine a solution's molarity:
na/nb = CaVa/CbVb
Where;
Ca is the acid concentration.
Cb = base concentration
Va = acid volume
Vb = base volume
na = number of acid moles
nb = number of base moles
The reaction's balanced equation is as follows:
2KNO3 (aq) + PbI2 Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI (s)
22 × 2/18 × Cb = 2/1
44/18Cb = 2
Cb = 44 ÷ 36
Cb = 1.2M
Since 22.00 mL of 2.00 M potassium iodide is required to equilibrate with 18.00 mL of lead (II) nitrate, the lead(II) nitrate solution's molarity is 1.2M.
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predict whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar. drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
The polar molecules are [tex]SF_4,XeF_4,CH_3Br[/tex].
Non polar molecules are [tex]CCl_4,XeF_4,GaH_3[/tex].
As per the details share in the above question it is given that,
Whether the molecular is polar or non polar.
The given molecules are,
[tex]CCl_4,SF_4,NH_3,XeF_4,GaH_3,CH_3Br[/tex]
The bonds in the symmetrical tetrahectral structure of [tex]CCl_4[/tex] cancel out the dipole moment, the molecule is non polar.
[tex]SF_4[/tex] geometry is an asymmetric distribution of electron regions around the main atom. [tex]SF_4[/tex] is a polar molecule as a result.
[tex]NH_3[/tex]Because its polar bonds do not cancel to zero, [tex]NH_3[/tex] is polar.
Molecular structure of [tex]XeF_4[/tex] Because of the symmetric distribution of electrons, the molecule is non polar.
[tex]GaH_3[/tex] is non-polar molecule.
Polar molecules include the [tex]CH_3 Br[/tex] molecule. due to the fact that bromine draws more electrons to itself. Polarity develops.
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Note: The complete question is,predict whether each of the following molecules is polar or non polar. drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
[tex]CCl_4,SF_4,NH_3,XeF_4,GaH_3,CH_3Br[/tex]
Please Research how the chemist John Dalton came up with his ideas about atoms and review how scientific ideas change with time(best and most informative answer to this question gets brainliest answer :)
The Dalton atomic theory was obtained from the law of conservation of mass and law of constant proportion.
What is the Dalton Atomic theory?The Dalton Atomic theory was the first in the long list of the empirical approaches towards empirical study of the atom. We have to recall that the atom is the smallest unit of a substance that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Now we can see that in the theory of Dalton, one key factor that continues to underlie all the aspects of the theory is the fact that atoms are indivisible. The indivisibility of the atoms implies that we can not be able to break up the atom into components.
This idea was actually derived from the law of the conservation of mass and from the law of the constant proportion which were already in place before the coining of the Dalton atomic theory.
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Equal volumes of a 0.020 M Zn^2+ solution and a 2.0 M NH3 solution are mixed. Kf for [Zn(NH3)4]^2+ is 4.1 × 10^8. If enough sodium oxalate is added to make the solution 0.10 M in oxalate, will ZnC2O4 precipitate? What is Q? Ksp ZnC2O4 = 2.7 × 10^-8 Answer: no, Q = 2.9 × 10^-12
Q = 2.5*1012 if sufficient sodium oxalate is modified to make the fluid 0.10 M in oxalate.
What is the purpose of sodium oxalate?In the majority of naturally occurring metabolic processes within plants and vegetables, sodium oxalate is often used as a reducing agent. It is also frequently used as a principal standard for the standard of ammonium hydroxide solutions.
How safe is sodium oxalate?When in touch with skin, harmful. Effects/symptoms upon skin contact: Repeated contact to this substance can cause serious health risks from skin absorption. When in touch with skin, harmful. Symptoms/results following eye contact: seriously irritates the eyes.
Briefing:M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
M₁ * V = M₂*2V
M₂ = M₁*V/2V
M₂ = M₁/2
Zn²⁺ = 0.020M/2
= 0.010M
Molarity of NH₃= 2.0M/2
NH₃ = 1.0M
Q = 2.5*10⁻¹¹M * 0.10M
Q = 2.5*10⁻¹²
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FILL INTHE BLANK when studying the kinetics of a chemical reaction, the reaction orders for a rate law are determined experimentally by varying the concentration of ______and observing the effect on rate. the rate is determined from the ____the concentration vs. time curve for the reaction.
when studying the kinetics of a chemical reaction, the reaction orders for a rate law are determined experimentally by varying the concentration of one reactant at a time and observing the effect on rate. the rate is determined from the slope of the tangent to the concentration vs. time curve for the reaction.
Chemical kinetics, also renowned as reaction kinetics, is a discipline of physical chemistry dealing with the rate of chemical reactions. It contrasted sharply with synthetic thermodynamics, which interacts with the path of a reaction but tells us nothing regarding its rate. Kinetics is an essential part of chemistry. It essentially allows us to fathom biological processes, especially enzyme-catalyzed reactions that contribute to the environmental and atmospheric chemistry. Kinetics is derived from the Greek kinetikos, which means "movement."
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when nitric oxide is used in the dilation of smooth muscle cells, which of the following would interfere with the relaxation of the smooth muscle cells? inhibitors of...
The inhibitors of Ca release by the ER, nitric oxide and guanylyl cyclase, interfere with smooth muscle cell relaxation. Correct answer: letter D.
All of these inhibitors interfere with smooth muscle cell relaxation, because they disrupt the calcium signaling pathway, which is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle cells. Nitric oxide inhibits the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum, guanylyl cyclase decreases the production of cyclic GMP which is necessary for calcium release from the ER, and calcium channel blockers prevent calcium from entering the cell.
How do these inhibitors act on smooth muscle cell relaxation?Nitric oxide works by binding to guanylyl cyclase, an enzyme found on the surface of smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers the enzyme to produce cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which in turn causes the relaxation of smooth muscle cells.
However, when calcium is released from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it can interfere with the binding of nitric oxide to guanylyl cyclase, preventing the production of cGMP. As a result, the smooth muscle cells are unable to relax, leading to a decrease in smooth muscle cell dilation.
When nitric oxide is used in the dilation of smooth muscle cells, which of the following would interfere with the relaxation of the smooth muscle cells? Inhibitors of:
A) Ca release by ER.
B) Ntric oxide.
C) Guanylyl cyclase.
D) All of the above.
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What is the pH of 500mL of a buffer solution of HC3H5O3 0.0570M and C3H5O3Na 0.0275M?
Ka of HC3H5O3 = 1.9x10^-5
The pH of acid is between 0-7 on pH scale while for base pH range is from 7-14. Therefore, the pH of buffer solution is 4.00. pH is a unitless quantity.
What is pH?pH is a measurement of amount of hydronium ion H₃O⁺ in a given sample. More the value of hydronium ion concentration, more will be the solution acidic.
On subtracting pH from 14, we get pOH which measures the concentration of hydroxide ion in a given solution. pH depend on the temperature. At room temperature pH scale is between 0 to 14. pH of neutral solution is 7.
HC[tex]_3[/tex]H[tex]_5[/tex]O[tex]_3[/tex]= 0.0570M
C[tex]_3[/tex]H[tex]_5[/tex]O[tex]_3[/tex]Na = 0.0275M
Ka= 1.9x10⁻⁵
pKa = -logKa = 3.85.
Henderson–Hassel Balch equation:
pH = pKa + log[C[tex]_3[/tex]H[tex]_5[/tex]O[tex]_3[/tex]Na ]/[HC[tex]_3[/tex]H[tex]_5[/tex]O[tex]_3[/tex]]
pH = 3.85 + log( 0.0275/ 0.0570)
pH = 3.85 + 0.15.
pH = 4.00
Therefore, the pH of buffer solution is 4.00.
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silicon crystals are semiconductors. which of the following is a correct reason for the increase in the conductivity of si crystals when a small fraction of si atoms are replaced with those of a different element?
The correct answer is b. P atoms introduce additional mobile positive charges.
Silicon crystals are semiconductors, which means that they have intermediate electrical conductivity compared to metals and insulators. When a small fraction of Si atoms is replaced with atoms of a different element, such as phosphorus (P), the conductivity of the Si crystal can increase.
This is because P atoms introduce additional mobile positive charges, or holes, into the crystal. Holes are areas where an electron is missing, and they can move through the crystal just like electrons. As a result, the presence of holes can increase the overall conductivity of the crystal.
a. P atoms introduce additional mobile negative charges is incorrect because P atoms actually introduce positive charges, or holes, into the crystal.
c. Ge atoms have more electrons than Si atoms is incorrect because this would actually decrease the conductivity of the crystal, as there would be more electrons available to fill the holes and reduce the overall mobility of charge carriers.
d. Ge atoms are much smaller than Si atoms is not relevant to the conductivity of the crystal. The size of the atoms does not directly affect the conductivity of the crystal.
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the complete electron configuration of mg is , whereas the complete electron configuration of al is .target 1 of 7 target 2 of 7 removing an electron from the orbital of mg requires energy than removing an electron from the orbital of al .target 3 of 7 target 4 of 7 target 5 of 7 however, when adding an electron, the electron affinity for mg is negative than that of al because the electron is being added to sublevel.
Electronic configuration Mg(12) = 1s22s22p63s2
Al(13) = 1s22s22p63s23p1
Mg has a more stable configuration and hence requires more energy to remove an electron from 3s. electron affinities become more negative from left to right across a row in the periodic table.
The complete electronic configuration of Mg is 1s22s22p63s2 whereas the complete electronic configuration of Al is 1s22s22p63s23p1
Removing an electron from the 3s orbital of Mg requires more energy than removing an electron from the 3p orbital of Al.
However, when adding an electron, the electron affinity for Mg is less negative than that of Al because the electron is being added to the 3p sublevel.
The symbols used to describe electron configurations begin with the shell number, followed by the orbital type, and finally, a superscript indicating the number of electrons in the orbital. Electron configuration describes where electrons are located around the nucleus. The outermost shell of an atom can hold up to 8 electrons.
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an electrochemical cell utilizes a redox reaction either to generate electrical energy or to drive a desirable process using electrical energy.
The redox reaction lies at the heart of electrochemistry. An electron flow is created by this strange kind of contact, which may be utilised to power devices like flashlights or, probably your favourite, your cell phone.
How are electrochemical cells and redox processes related to one another?Redox reactions are any electrochemical processes that include the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another.
When electrons from an oxidised substance are transported to a reduced one, a redox reaction takes place.
In this case, electricity is created through a spontaneous redox reaction.
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If all connections in the apparatus are not airtight and some hydrogen gas escapes during the reaction, will the reported percent aluminum in the sample be greater than or less than its actual percentage? Explain.
If some hydrogen gas escapes during the reaction, it will affect the reported percentage of aluminum in the sample.
The hydrogen gas that escapes will reduce the total volume of gas in the apparatus, which will in turn reduce the number of moles of gas that are produced by the reaction. Since the number of moles of gas produced is used to calculate the percentage of aluminum in the sample, a reduction in the number of moles of gas will result in a lower reported percentage of aluminum in the sample. Therefore, if hydrogen gas escapes during the reaction, the reported percentage of aluminum in the sample will be less than its actual percentage.
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be sure to answer all parts. draw the products of the reaction of pentanoic acid with thionyl chloride. draw structure ... largest molecular weight draw structure ... medium molecular weight draw structure ... smallest molecular weight
Molecular weight is the mass of a particular molecule and is measured in Daltons. Different molecules of the same compound can have different molecular weights because they contain different isotopes of the element. The answer is in the image.
It is actually calculated by summing the atomic weights of the atoms that make up the molecular formula of the substance. The main difference between the two is that molar mass refers to the mass of one mole of a particular substance.
Molecular weight is the mass of a molecule of a particular substance. Although the definitions and units of molar mass and molecular weight are different, the values are the same. A mole is the amount of a substance that is numerically equal to its molecular weight.
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the process in which carpet fibers are chemically renewed and reused in remanufacturing first-quality carpet is .
The process in which carpet fibers are chemically renewed and reused in remanufacturing first-quality carpet is fiber recycling
The textile industry is facing increasing criticism because of its intensive use of resources that is both natural and fossil derived and also the negative environmental and societal impacts associated with the manufacturing, use and disposal of the clothes. This has led to a desire to move towards a circular economy for textiles that will implement recycling concepts and technologies to protect resources, the environment and people. So far, the recycling processes have been focused on the chemical and mechanical reuse of textile fibers.
In contrast, bio-based processes for textile production and recycling have received little attention, beyond end-of-life composting. However, the selectivity and the benign processing conditions associated with bio-based technologies hold great promise for circularizing the textile life cycle and reducing the environmental impacts of textile production and processing. Developing circular and sustainable systems for textile production requires a revolutionary system approach that encompasses the choice of material and finishes being designed for recycling at the end of life, and in this context bio-based processes can help provide the means to maintain materials in a closed loop.
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