The minimum-required species richness continually rises with the number of functions taken into account over years and every possible combination of ecosystem functions.
In addition, despite its diversity, no community type can provide high levels of all functions due to trade-offs between them and seasonal variability.With increasing species diversity, there was a higher likelihood of maintaining numerous ecological functions, although this effect was heavily influenced by characteristics including species evenness, composition, and spatial pattern. Overall, we discovered that multifunctionality was increased in model communities with high species diversity, irregular spatial pattern, and low evenness.To know more about ecosystem
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HELP pls will mark you the brainliest
Answer:The phases of mitosis in their order are: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
How does this equation compare to the equation for photosynthesis?
Commonly used notation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2. This indicates that the six carbon dioxide and six water molecules acting as the reactants are transformed by light energy that chlorophyll has absorbed.
How does the photosynthesis equation compare to the equation for respiration?It is important to note that the equation for cellular respiration is the exact opposite of the one for photosynthesis: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O is the formula for cellular respiration. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O = C6H12O6 + 6 O in photosynthesis.
Is photosynthesis a reaction of what kind?A reaction that is endothermic is photosynthesis. This indicates that without energy, it cannot happen (from the Sun). Chlorophyll, a green pigment found in leaves, absorbs the needed light. The palisade and spongy mesophyll cells of plants include chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll.
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organism a is eukaryotic, unicellular, and lacks a cell wall. organism b is eukaryotic, multicellular, has cell walls, and is autotrophic. in which kingdoms should these organisms be classified?
The Kingdom Animalia contains heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotic organisms without cell walls.
Which kingdom would be appropriate for multicellular autotrophic eukaryotes?Plantae is the name for the kingdom that includes all multicellular eukaryotic species. As solar energy is used to make their food, they are autotrophs. Cell walls of plants include cellulose.
Eukaryotes without a cell wall are unicellular.A stiff cell wall that encloses the plasma membrane and provides the organism form is present in the majority of prokaryotic cells. Vertebrate eukaryotes lack cell walls, whereas plants do. Prokaryotic cells have chemically different cell walls from eukaryotic plant cells, which are predominantly composed of cellulose.
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PLEASE HELP!!!!!
Which organisms are in a commensalism relationship?
A. a blood tick attaches to a dog
B. two spiders weave webs at two different corners of a garden
C. a bear finds a den that used to belong to another, now-deceased bear
D. an orchid grows on tree bark
Answer: Commensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits from the relationship, while the other organism is neither harmed nor benefited. Some examples of commensalism relationships are:
A. A blood tick attaching to a dog: This is not an example of commensalism, because the tick benefits from the relationship by feeding on the dog's blood, while the dog is harmed by the tick's feeding. This is more accurately described as a parasitic relationship.
B. Two spiders weaving webs at two different corners of a garden: This is not an example of commensalism, because there is no relationship between the two spiders. They are simply occupying different areas of the same habitat.
C. A bear finding a den that used to belong to another, now-deceased bear: This could potentially be an example of commensalism, depending on the circumstances. If the bear benefits from using the den without harming the previous inhabitant or the den itself, then it could be considered commensalism. However, if the bear causes damage to the den or takes over the den and prevents the previous inhabitant from using it, then it would not be considered commensalism.
D. An orchid growing on tree bark: This could potentially be an example of commensalism, depending on the circumstances. If the orchid benefits from growing on the tree bark without harming the tree, then it could be considered commensalism. However, if the orchid causes damage to the tree or takes resources from the tree, then it would not be considered commensalism.
Overall, commensalism relationships involve one organism benefiting from the relationship without causing harm or providing benefit to the other organism.
_____________ means loss of muscle function, loss of sensation, or loss of both muscle function and sensation.
The study of the nerve cell is called nervous tissue. The nerve cell is made up of cyton, dendrite, axon, and synaptic ending.
What is voluntary muscle?Those actions which you can control is called voluntary muscle. For example - moving of hand.Spinal nerves serve as the paths of communication between the spinal cord and specific regions of the body. Roots refer to the bundles of axons that serve to connect each spinal nerve to a segment of the spinal cord via smaller bundles of axons called root lets.The ventral root also called the anterior root and the associated rootlets contain axons of motor neurons. These motor neurons of the ventral root conduct nerve impulses from the Central Nervous System to effector organs. Muscles and glands are the effector organs. As these effector organs receive motor information, voluntary movements are generated.If the ventral root of the spinal nerve were cut, the effector organs will not get the motor information and no voluntary movements will be generated.To learn more information about the nerve tissue, refer to the link:-
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photosynt h. Write short notes on: (i) Pulmonary circulation (ii) Fertilization 11. (ii) Systemic circulation (iv) Vegetative reproducti
Pulmonary Circulation and Systemic Circulation are the types of circulation
1. Pulmonary Circulation:
Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and the lungs. It transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
The oxygenated blood then flows back to the heart. Systemic circulation moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body. It sends the oxygenated blood out to cells and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.
2. Fertilization:
Fertilization is a Reproductive process in which a male sex cell (sperm) unites with a female sex cell (egg). During the process, the chromosomes of the egg and sperm will merge to form a zygote, which will divide to form an embryo.
3. Systemic Circulation:
In the systemic loop, oxygenated blood is pumped from the left ventricle of the heart through the aorta, the largest artery in the body.
The blood moves from the aorta through the systemic arteries, then to arterioles and capillary beds that supply body tissues. Here, oxygen and nutrients are released and carbon dioxide and other waste substances are absorbed.
4. Vegetative reproduction:
Vegetative reproduction is any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cuts off the parent plant or specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules.
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The current Question is:
Write short notes on (i) Pulmonary circulation and (ii) Fertilization (ii) Systemic circulation (iv) Vegetative reproduction.
The process of photosynthesis is essential in the oxygen/carbon dioxide cycle. Photosynthesis removes ______ from the atmosphere and produces and releases ______ into the atmosphere.
*
1 point
Captionless Image
A) glucose, oxygen
B) oxygen, glucose
C) carbon dioxide, oxygen
D) oxygen, carbon dioxid
answer:
c) carbon dioxide, oxygen
explanation:
hope that helps!
Which type of stimulus will maximally activate the sensory receptors within the semicircular ducts?.
Rotational motion would activate the sensory receptors (inside the semicircular ducts) maximally.
The vestibular apparatus located in the inner ear is responsible for maintenance of equilibrium as well as body posture. It is made up of three semicircular ducts and the otolith, i.e. saccule as well as utricle. These semicircular ducts are placed at an angle of 90° with each other so that the angular rotation of the head can be sensed more accurately by the sensory receptors.
Each semicircular duct consists of an ampulla. When the head is rotated, the fluid in the semicircular ducts exerts pressure on the cupula thus bending the stereocilia.
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30 points! I need a the right answer please!
Answer:
H
Explanation:
Answer: F
Explanation: 8N is greater than 6N. Therefore, the car will accelerate to the right.
In Answer G, the forces to the left are greater than the forces on the right. The car will move, but it will decelerate.
In Answer H, both forces are equal, so the car will not move.
In Answer I, the forces to the left are greater than the right. The car will move, but it will also decelerate, as seen in Answer G.
In Answer F, the forces to the right are greater than the forces on the left. The car will accelerate to the right.
Hope this helps!
according to beekeepers, pesticide exposure is only a leading cause of colony loss for what operation type?
Individual honey bees as well as entire colonies can be instantly or quickly killed by pesticides when exposed acutely.
What causes honeybee colony collapse disorder most likely?exposure to pesticides used on crops or to control insects or mites inside beehives can lead to pesticide poisoning. Because of management procedures like moving bees to various sites across the nation to perform pollination services, bees go through stress. the environment where bees forage has changed.
What is the root reason of the bee population decline?Bees and other pollinators are becoming less common in many regions of the world, which is largely due to intensive farming methods, monocultures, excessive use of agricultural chemicals, and higher temperatures brought on by climate change. This has an impact on crop yields as well as human nutrition.
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which dna fragment, b, c, d, or e is about the same size as the lengths of the fragment a and fragment f added together?
Fragment A (about 550) and Fragment F (about 300) combined is equal to about 850. So Fragment E is about the same size of Fragments A & F added together.
What is dna fragment ?The division or fragmentation of DNA strands is known as DNA fragmentation. Cells or laboratory staff may purposefully carry it out, or it may just happen naturally. The gradual accumulation of DNA fragmentation in a cell is known as spontaneous or accidental fragmentation.
DNA fragments move through gel as the power is turned on. The fragments are divided into sizes after the gel has run. The largest fragments are close to the gel's top (where the negative electrode is, where they first appeared), and the smallest fragments are close to the gel's bottom.
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during the dna extraction procedure, when the tubes were removed from the centrifuge, what was in the top layer?
After centrifugation, the DNA is the only thing remaining in the liquid supernatant after all the cell debris has been pushed to the bottom of the PCR tube.
How are the proteins taken out of the DNA extraction process?With the aid of the low concentration salt buffer, proteins and other impurities or debris are removed. As a result, the matrix contains nothing but DNA. The matrix is then filled with a high concentration salt buffer, which elutes the DNA from the resins, as the last step.
What cell is separated to the top by centrifugation?Largest, densest particles settle first, followed by smaller, less dense ones. Therefore, because of their low density and tiny size, the mitochondria will be the cellular organelle concentrated on top of the centrifuged mixture.
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The reactants that plants use to engage in photosynthesis are different from the reactants that animals and some bacteria use to engage in cellular respiration. The reactants used in photosynthesis are.
The reactants used as raw materials for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water
Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down complex organic molecules that are rich in energy potential into lower energy waste products (catabolic processes) at the cellular level. Cellular respiration will break down simple sugar molecules into carbon dioxide, water vapor and energy that is used to meet the cell's energy needs.
Water and carbon dioxide will be used by plants that have chlorophyll as a raw material for making food for their growth and development through the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, sunlight converts carbon dioxide and water(reactant) into glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis generally occurs in leaves because leaf cells contain chloroplasts and contain chlorophyll to capture sunlight
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the more recently descendants shared a common ancestor, the more closely related they are.
The given statement regarding ancestor is TRUE.
What are the significance of evolution?The connections between evolutionary processes support both the diversity of life and solutions to biological problems.
Darwin can deduce what happened in the lineage that gave rise to modern mammals thanks to common ancestry. Sutures were present in the lineage leading to modern mammals before live birth evolved, as shown by the fact that modern birds and reptiles have them but do not give birth to live young.
Ancestor that two or more descendant lineages share, or an ancestral organism that they both share. The parents and grandparents of two biological siblings are examples of common ancestors; the first canine and the first mammal are examples of common ancestors for coyotes and wolves, respectively.
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True or false: the more derived genetic characters two species share, the more recently the species shared a common ancestor .
select two organs in the digestive system that provide only mechanical digestion of food.
pancreas
mouth
small intestine
esophagus
liver/gall bladder
anus
large intestine
stomach
The esophagus and the mouth are two organs in the digestive system that provide only mechanical digestion of food.
What is mechanical digestion?Mechanical digestion is the process by which food is mechanically broken down into smaller pieces through physical means, such as chewing and grinding. This process occurs in the mouth and is facilitated by the teeth, which mechanically break down food into smaller pieces through chewing, grinding, and crushing. The tongue also helps to mix and move food around in the mouth.
The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. It uses muscular contractions, called peristalsis, to move food down to the stomach. The esophagus does not contain any digestive enzymes, so it does not contribute to chemical digestion of food.
The mouth is also an important site of mechanical digestion. The teeth in the mouth mechanically break down food into smaller pieces through chewing, grinding, and crushing. The tongue also helps to mix and move food around in the mouth. Like the esophagus, the mouth does not contain any digestive enzymes, so it does not contribute to chemical digestion.
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one misuse of biotechnology in the sports industry is the use of anabolic steroids. some dangerous side effects of these steroids are
The misuse of Biotechnology in the sports industry is the use of Anabolic steroids, which resulted in blood pressure, liver damage and heart attack.
Corticosteroids can help to lessen inflammation when taken in specific dosages. This can lessen the symptoms of inflammatory disorders such as skin rashes, asthma, and arthritis. Additionally, corticosteroids weaken the immune system. When the immune system unintentionally targets its tissues, this can assist in regulating the illness. These steroids may have negative side effects that could be hazardous, such as high blood pressure, liver damage, heart attacks, and increased cholesterol levels.
Hence, heavy dose of steroid may lead to fatality.
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true or false: the serratus anterior muscle works with the pectoralis minor muscle and helps to stabilize the scapula.
TRUE - The serratus anterior muscles collaborate with both pectoralis muscles to give the scapula full range of motion.
This muscle moves the scapula forward in the event that the ribs are paralyzed. When the pectoral girdle is fixed or elevated, it elevates the ribs for deep inspiration. The pectoralis minor functions as an auxiliary muscle of inspiration when the scapula is stable and in a favorable alignment posture.
By reducing scapular rotation and preventing the glenoid cavity from achieving the cranial orientation required for full joint flexion, a short pectoralis minor reduces shoulder flexion. Additionally, it results in winging of the scapula, which is characterized by prominence of the medial scapular border with anterior tilting, prominence of the inferior angle, and depression of the coracoid process.
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What mode of nutrition distinguishes animals from fungi, both of which are heterotrophs?.
Answer:
Heterotrophic nutrition
Explanation:
Heterotrophic nutrition is known to be the mode of nutrition in which certain organisms are dependent on other organisms in order to survive. Organisms that cannot prepare their own food and have to depend on other organisms for their survival are known as heterotrophs. Common examples of heterotrophs include animals, fungi, and bacteria.
I am really struggling with this, help is appreciated. Thanks! :)
11. A team of scientists studied the behaviors of rabbits. They looked at two kinds of behaviors: exploratory and locomotor. Some exploratory behaviors were sitting up, looking around, and sniffing. Some locomotor behaviors were running, jumping, and trying to escape. They also noted when rabbits had positive interactions with other rabbits. For example, a positive interaction could be nuzzling or grooming other rabbits.
The scientists then analyzed the data. They compared the number of each type of behavior with the number of positive interactions the rabbits had. The scientists were looking for a possible connection between behaviors and positive interactions. The scatterplots below show their data.
a. Describe the pattern shown in each scatterplot. (2 points)
b. What is a line of best fit, and how does it help you interpret the data represented in a graph? (2 points)
c. Based on the data in scatterplot B, how do you predict a rabbit's positive interactions would change if its locomotor behaviors decreased? (1 point)
12. The correlation coefficient for scatterplot A, comparing positive interactions and exploratory behavior, is r = 0.59. The correlation coefficient for scatterplot B, comparing positive interactions and locomotor behavior, is r = 0.6.
a. Use each correlation coefficient to describe the strength of the relationship shown in each scatterplot. (2 points)
b. The scientists also calculated the correlation coefficient for the relationship between exploratory behaviors and locomotor behaviors. They found a correlation coefficient of r = 0.64. Which of the three relationships is the strongest? Explain. (1 point)
c. Do the data in the scatterplots indicate causality? Explain. (2 points)
It appears that there is a higher correlation between locomotor behaviors and positive interactions than with exploratory behaviors.
The values for two different numerical variables are represented by dots in a scatter plot (also known as a scatter chart or scatter graph). Each dot's location on the horizontal and vertical axes represents a data point's values. To view relationships between variables, utilize scatter plots.
The main purposes of scatter plots are to examine and display correlations between two numerical variables. When the data are viewed as a whole, the patterns shown by the dots in a scatter plot are in addition to the values of the individual data points.
With scatter plots, correlational correlations are frequently identified. In these situations, we want to know what a decent vertical value prediction would be given a specific horizontal value. The variable on the vertical axis is frequently referred to as the dependent variable, and the variable on the horizontal axis as an independent variable. Variable relationships can be categorized in a variety of ways, including positive or negative, strong or weak, linear or nonlinear.
a. It appears that there is a higher correlation between locomotor behaviors and positive interactions than with exploratory behaviors.
b. A line of best fit is a line that cuts through a scatter plot and helps you understand the scatter points and how the correlate to the line . You can read if the points are more scattered or closer to the line.
c. It appears that rabbit's positive interactions would decline if locomotor behaviors increased.
12.
a. It appears that the positive interactions and the locomotor behaviors is slightly more correlated than exploratory behavior .
b. Because 1 is the highest correlation. 0.64 would be the strongest among the three relationships.
c. Scatterplots only show a correlation , it does not show that one behavior causes another behavior.
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the northern leopard frog, tree frog, and wood frog are all different species of frogs. why is having a scientific name for each species of an organism important for scientists?
Every recognized species on earth is given a two-part scientific name, which is called binomial nomenclature. They are important because they allow people in the world to communicate about animal species.
Why is the scientific name for each species of an organism important for scientists?
Scientific names are used to describe different species of organisms in a way that is universal so that scientists around the world can easily identify the same animal.
The use of scientific names eliminates the confusion among different nationalities that may have different common names for organisms by giving them a universal name that acts as a code. Scientists from one nation can converse with scientists from another about different organisms with the help of scientific names.
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Photosynthesis occurs in the ground tissue of leaves. How does the structure
of the cells in this tissue support their function?
OA. They can change shape to let gases pass into and out of the
leaves.
B. They have many chloroplasts, which absorb light.
C. They have large vacuoles that store extra sugars.
D. They have hairlike extensions that absorb water.
The structure of the plant cells in the leaf tissue supports photosynthetic function because of B. They have many chloroplasts, which absorb light.
What is the photosynthetic function of plant leaves?The photosynthetic function of plant leaves makes reference to the absorption of solar radiation and the use of carbon dioxide in the air in order to synthesize simple carbs such as glucose, which is achieved by chloroplasts.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the photosynthetic function of plant leaves is based on the absorption of solar radiation.
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cells from an adaanced maligant tumor most often have very abnormal chromsomes, nad foten an abnormal total number of chromosomes. why might this occur
Chromosomally abnormal cells can still go through cell cycle checkpoints.
What are cancer cells ?The genetic disarray of cancer cells is well known. A tumour cell may contain a large number of DNA mutations, the majority of which have an incorrect number of chromosomes. Aneuploidy, a genetic imbalance caused by a single chromosome being missing or having an extra copy, can affect the activity of hundreds or even thousands of genes.
An abnormally high number of chromosomes (aneuploidy) and extensive structural chromosome rearrangements are two distinguishing characteristics of cancer cells. The genomic instability that most cancers have as a foundation results in these chromosome aberrations.
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Stomata
Chloroplast
fom layers of leaves
layer that
the
internal cells packed together to expose the
greatest number to
on the lower epidermal
move through
inside the
where photosynthesis occurs
Numerous chloroplasts are present in the cells of the leaf's mesophyll. Mesophyll cells in leaves, which are the tissue between the upper and lower epidermis, are well adapted to perform extensive photosynthesis.
What is the stomata's function ?
Almost all terrestrial plants use the same pores, known as stomata, to take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen since this evolutionary invention is so essential to plant identity. Microscopically small and essential for photosynthesis are stomata. On the plants' surface, they are numerous and swarm. They have a lot of chloroplasts, the photosynthesis sites, which accounts for this high concentration.
In order to support plant development and crop productivity, chloroplasts release oxygen and produce energy through photosynthesis.
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_____ ______ are unusual associations made in order to remember the material better psychology
Mnemonic devices are unusual associations made in order to remember the material better.
What do Mnemonic devices mean?Mnemonic devices can be considered as the usage of different memory strategies in order to remember huge volumes of info and data about a particular study and or research based material, which may be very useful in regular disciplines such as systematic and taxonomy (biology field).
Therefore, with this data, we can see that mnemonic devices are based on distinct memory strategies in order to remember all the studied material in a given field and or discipline.
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3. The fossil of a now-extinct snake was found near the rocks by the road. Based on
research, this snake ate mostly fish. In which layer is the fossil snake most likely to be
found?
A. Layer W
B. Layer X
C. Layer Y
D. Layer Z
Answer: Layer Z
Explanation:
A paleosol can be defined as a layer of soil, in which fossils are found. This soil layer is found in the deepest layers of soil. This soil layer comprises sedimentary rock layers that preserve the fossils.
Answer:
D Layer Z is the answer
Based on what you have learned about global trends in terrestrial ecosystems, what is currently the largest threat to the wet tropical forests in central america?.
Habitat destruction and deforestation for coffee plantations are currently the biggest threats to the wet tropical forests of Central America.
So the biggest threat to wet tropical forests is deforestation. It is the destruction of forests for plantations and especially agriculture for feeding animals and keeping cows and resulting habitat destruction that is the biggest threat. Deforestation is a particular concern in tropical rainforests, as these forests are home to the world's biodiversity. Huge areas of diverse tropical forests are lost or degraded every year with dramatic consequences for biodiversity. Deforestation and fragmentation, overexploitation, invasive species and climate change are the main drivers of tropical forest biodiversity loss. Tropical forests are one of the most diverse habitats on Earth (Whitmore 1998). Tropical forests have suffered extraordinary changes over the past century as they have been degraded or destroyed by human activities.
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The diagram below shows the cell cycle. Which type of cell division is indicated by the processes happening in C and D?
Answer:
Mitosis is the sort of cell division depicted by the processes in C and D.
Explanation:
A short explanation of what Mitosis is: The division of vegetative cells, which culminates in the formation of two genetically identical but independently functioning daughter cells.
Sister chromatids separate into opposing poles during mitosis in anaphase, and each group of chromatids forms the genetic materials for daughter cells that will become independent when the parent cell undergoes cytokinesis or cytoplasm division.
Diagram:
The letter C in the illustration represents the mitotic metaphase when chromosomes congregate in the center of the cell and are connected by spindle fibers.
D is the anaphase in which sister chromatids are separated and begin to move to oppose poles due to spindle fiber contraction.
Prior to the formation of the cell theory, it was thought that cells could arise through
spontaneous generation. Explain why the cell theory is a theory instead of a law?
What might have been the first
word out of Darwin’s mouth at the
end of his research travels?
Diversity is the first word out of Darwin's mouth at the end of his research travels.
How does evolution explain diversity?
The interactions between organisms and environment and the consequence of interactions over long periods of time explains duversity and evolution.
Darwin discovered the natural selection that explains the development of variety of organisms from a single common ancestor. The change in the environment provides a high variability of alleles that helps in evolving the new environment.
What is the Darwin's theory of evolution?
The process by which change in organisms due to the change in behavioral and physical traits.
Due to the change in environment individuals develop adaptive traits in order to survive and reproduce. These adaptive traits are advantageous to the upcoming population.
Darwin proposed that species change over time and new species come from pre-existing species sharing a common ancestor.
Hence, Darwin discovered diversity at the end of his research travels.
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Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase chromosomes