Answer:
Nucleic acids are the organic materials present in all organisms in the form of DNA or RNA.
These nucleic acids are formed by the combination of nitrogenous bases, sugar molecules and phosphate groups that are linked by different bonds in a series of sequences.
Explanation:
“DNA is a group of molecules that is responsible for carrying and transmitting the hereditary materials or the genetic instructions from parents to offsprings.”
DNA is known as Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is an organic compound that has a unique molecular structure. It is found in all prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
The four roles that DNA plays in the cell are:
(1) storage of information via the genetic code so that cellular processes can be initiated and maintained.
(2) the generation of genetic variation through mutation and recombination.
(3) The copying and replication of genetic information so that it can be passed onto daughter cells. It is this function that makes DNA the molecule of inheritance.
(4) gene expression. The transcription and translation of genetic material to produce proteins, enzymes and other gene products necessary for growth and life.
____________________ kidney disease is a disorder in which fluid-filled cysts grow on the kidney and replace much of the mass of the kidney.
Polycystic kidney disease is a disorder in which fluid-filled cysts grow on the kidney and replace much of the mass of the kidney.
Polycystic kidney disease, often known as PKD, is a genetic condition in which clusters of cysts grow mostly within the kidneys. This causes the kidneys to expand and eventually lose their ability to function. Cysts are noncancerous sacs that are spherical and filled with fluid. The cysts range in size. Having a lot of cysts or having cysts that are very large can be harmful to your kidneys.
In addition to causing cysts to form in the kidneys, polycystic liver disease can also cause cysts to form in other organs of the body. Serious problems, such as kidney failure and high blood pressure, can be brought on by the disease.
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What substance, produced by virus-infected cells, diffuses to neighboring cells to help them fight a viral infection
The body releases glycoproteins as the defensive response to virus are called interferons.
The interferons initiate the series of molecular changes and elicit the immune cells to fight the pathogens or foreign particles. These interferons affect the growth of cells and inflammation. Interferons are the cytokines and are responsible for intercellular signaling. The interferons does not directly affect the multiplication of virus instead, it does not let other cells allow virus to use its machinery and replicate. Interferons are of three types: alpha, beta and gamma. The gamma interferon is majorly responsible for the immune response.
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Which hormone promotes the reabsorption of water from the kidneys back into the ecf by osmosis?.
Answer:
antidiuretic hormone
Explanation:
Osmosis is the tendency of a fluid, usually water, to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a solution where the solvent concentration is higher, thus equalizing the concentrations of materials on either side of the membrane. Antidiuretic hormone is also known as vasopressin. Vasopressin is a peptide hormone, synthesized in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland, that stimulates capillary muscles and reduces the flow of urine and increases its concentration.
Site-specific recombination systems _________. Multiple Choice do not depend on extensive nucleotide sequence homology depend on enzymes that are often specific for sequences within the host are features of some viruses All of the choices are correct.
Site-specific recombination systems all of the choices are correct i.e.
A. do not depend on extensive nucleotide sequence homology.
B. depend on enzymes that are often specific for sequences within the host.
C. are features of some viruses.
An exchange between two specified sequences (target sites), either on the same DNA molecule or on two separate DNA molecules, is known as site-specific recombination. DNA sequences may be integrated, excised, or inverted as a result of the exchange. A site-specific recombinase that can work by itself or with the aid of additional components or enzymes shapes the DNA target during recombination. The recombinase is chemically bonded to the ends of the intermediate DNA after DNA breakage at the recombination site; when this process is reversed, the intermediate DNA is resealed to form the recombinant and the recombinase is released. During this recombination process, neither replication nor repair are necessary.learn more about Site-specific recombination here: https://brainly.com/question/11458760
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G
Text Aids
Vocabulary Active
title page table of contents glossary index
Type the Word
litle page
appendix
text ald
Definition
The title page appears at the beginning of a book or document and indicates the title, author's name and editor's name,
and the publication information.
The meaning of the words are:
Title page- The title page appears at the beginning of a book or document and indicates the title, author's name and editor's name, and the publication information.Appendix- It contains supplementary information about the topic of a book.Text Aid- These are educational materials that make emphasis of certain phrases and words and are usually written text and a dictionary, appendix, and title page are all good examples.Definition- The meaning of a word.What is a Title Page?This refers to the page at the beginning of a book that shows the important details of the book such as the content, author's name, etc.
Hence, we can see that there are some words that are necessary for vocabulary building and some of them are listed and their meanings are given above.
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Although Mendel did not know that random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs during metaphase I leads to random allele combinations of different genes in gametes, he created the law of
Although Mendel did not know that random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs during metaphase I lead to random allele combinations of different genes in gametes, he created the law of Independent Assortment.
Law of Independent AssortmentMendel's law of Independent Assortment variety expresses that the alleles of (at least two) unique qualities get arranged into gametes freely of each other. All in all, the allele a gamete gets for one quality doesn't impact the allele got for another quality.Mendel was performing dihybrid crosses, which are crosses between creatures that contrast with respect to two attributes. He found that the blends of qualities in the posterity of his crosses didn't necessarily in every case match the mixes of attributes in the parental living beings. From his information, he figured out the Law of Independent Assortment.
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If you were told that you would get extra credit for finding a model showing chromsomes separating while sister chromatids were still attached, you would look for a model of
Answer:
anaphase
Explanation:
Mitosis or meiosis with cohesion proteins still holding sister chromatids together during anaphase.
If I were given additional credit for discovering a model of chromosomes splitting when sister chromatids were still linked, I would seek for a mitotic model in early anaphase. Sister chromatids, duplicated chromosomes, separate and move to opposing cell poles in anaphase, the third stage of mitosis.
Early anaphase sister chromatids are still joined at the centromere region, giving the impression of being attached while separating. This model shows how chromosomal segregation ensures precise genetic material distribution to daughter cells during cell division. Maintaining cell genetic integrity requires this phase.
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Which of the following choices is NOT a function of blood. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a thermoregulation b transport oxygen and carbon dioxide oxygen c provide immunity d All are functions of blood.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
The blood does all of these functions
Peter and rosemary grant began studying the galapagos finches in 1973. For about 40 years, they studied the finches on daphne major. Why was this an ideal place to study the evolution of the finches?.
Peter and rosemary discovered a natural ecosystem with an extreme climate, oscillating between cycles of intense drought and abundant rainfall, as well as an uncontaminated area that had never been explored by humans. This was an excellent location to study the evolution of Galapagos finches.
For their outstanding long-term studies showing evolution in action in Galápagos finches, Peter and Rosemary Grant are renowned.They have shown that natural selection is responsible for the incredibly quick changes in body and beak size in response to variations in the availability of food.Due to the lack of predators or rivals for the finches, Daphne Major makes an excellent location for research. (The cactus finch is the only other finch on the island.) The weather, and consequently the availability of food, has a significant impact on the medium ground finch's capacity to survive.learn more about Galápagos finches here: https://brainly.com/question/960688
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Assertion: Gene mutation is the basis of evolutionary genetic change.
Reasoning: Mutations prevent the proper functioning of a gene.
Which of the following is true for the above statements?
A. Both (A ) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of A.
B. Both (A ) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of A.
C. A is false and (R) is true.
D. A is true and (R) is false.
In conclusion, Both 'mutation is the basis of evolutionary genetic change' and 'mutations prevent the proper functioning of a gene' are True, but R is not the correct explanation of A (Option A).
What are genetic mutations?Genetic mutations are any type of modification in the genetic material (DNA sequence) of an organism.
Mutations provide the raw material for evolution, but mutation can be beneficial, deleterious, or neutral depending on the environment.
In conclusion, both statements are True, but R is not the correct explanation of A (Option A).
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_____ cells are usually larger than ____ cells
Answer:
prokaryotic Cells eukaryotic cellsExplanation:
mark as brainlest answer
What is the primary source of energy in a food chain?
oxygen
sun
carbon dioxide
water
Answer:
The sun is the primary source of energy in a food chain.
Explanation:
By having sun light shining directly onto plants, it causes the plants to produce chemical energy that is able to sustain all their cellular functions.
Hope this helps! :)
What type of connective tissue cells are similar to basophils in that they contain granules that release histamine to mediate the inflammatory response
Mast cells are similar to basophils in that they contain granules that release histamine to mediate the inflammatory response.
The basophil, another type of white blood cell, and the mast cell are remarkably similar in both look and function. Although tissue-resident basophils were long assumed to be mast cells, it has been established that the two cells do not share the same hematopoietic ancestry.Mast cells and basophil granulocytes, a type of white blood cell found in blood, are highly similar. They are both granular cells that contain the anticoagulant heparin as well as histamine. The mast cell nucleus is spherical, whereas the basophil nucleus is lobated, indicating a difference between their nuclei.Histamine and other vasoactive chemicals are released by mast cells, resulting in urticaria (hives).learn more about Mast cells here: https://brainly.com/question/12765051
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Homologous chromosomes ________. Homologous chromosomes ________. carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics carry the same versions of all genes are a set of chromosomes received from one parent during sexual reproduction
Homologous chromosomes carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics carry the same.
Homologous chromosomes are matched pairs containing the same genes in equal locations alongside their period. Diploid organisms inherit one copy of every homologous chromosome from every discern; Altogether, they may be considered a complete set of chromosomes.
Homologous and non-homologous chromosomes are the 2 forms of chromosomes diagnosed primarily based on the pairing sample of chromosomes for the duration of metaphase 1 of meiosis. Homologous chromosomes discuss with the chromosomes in the identical pair even as non-homologous chromosomes check with the chromosomes in one-of-a-kind pairs.
Each chromosome from homologous chromosome pair is inherited from each discern wearing the same genes within the identical order. As they're from distinctive individuals, homologous chromosomes aren't identical.
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HIV Treatment by Genetic Mutation risks
HIV can be treated via gene therapy by inducing mutations that restore the normal genome sequence.
What is gene therapy?Gene therapy is a revolutionary technique used in molecular biology to restore the expression of defective genes that suffered mutations.
Gene therapy involves modifying the nucleotide (DNA) sequence in order to correct the production of defective proteins associated with disease states.
Moreover, mutations due to HIV are a consequence of the insertion of this retrovirus in the host genome.
In conclusion, gene therapy is able to treat HIV by inserting gene regions that restore the normal nucleotide sequence.
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What type of stress occurs when a rock mass is pushed in parallel and opposite directions?
Answer:
Shear stress
Explanation:
Shear stress is a type of stress that occurs when a rock mass is pushed in parallel and opposite directions.
A layer of water that covers swamps, bogs, marshes, and other communities is called
Group of answer choices
Lakes
Oceans
Wetlands
None of the choices
Answer:
Wetlands cover swamps, bogs and Marshes.
Which phylum of protozoa contains organisms that are non-motile, obligate intracellular parasites?.
Answer:
Apicomplexa
Explanation:
The seemingly crazy word _______________ is the actual name for scientists who study the behaviors and habitats and other factors that influence the reproduction and well-being of sea (water) creatures.
The seemingly crazy word Environmental marine biologist is the actual name for scientists who study the behaviors and habitats and other factors that influence the reproduction and well-being of sea (water) creatures.
What Is a Marine Biologist?
Marine biologists research marine organisms and occasionally the oceans themselves. They may look into the physiological processes, illnesses, and environmental factors affecting marine creatures, as well as their behavior. They could evaluate how human actions affect marine life. Numerous marine biologists also have positions as zoologists, fish and wildlife biologists, fisheries biologists, aquatic biologists, conservation biologists, and biological technicians.They could evaluate how human actions affect marine life.
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The hormone secretin is released by endocrine cells in the duodenal mucosa in response to A. gastrin secreted by the pyloric gland area of the stomach B. none of these C. acid in the duodenum D. distention of the stomach E. carbohydrate in the duodenum
In response to c. acid in duodenum, the hormone secretin is released by endocrine cells in the duodenal mucosa.
What releases secretin in the duodenum?Secretin is a polypeptide that contains 27 amino acids. In response to H+ and fatty acids in the lumen, S cells in the duodenum produce secretin. Particularly, a pH of less than 4.5 indicates the entry of stomach contents, which starts the secretin release.
Secretin, a digestive hormone that controls gastric acid secretion and pH levels in the duodenum, is released by the wall of the upper portion of the small intestine (the duodenum).
A pancreatic fluid that is high in bicarbonate is secreted when secretin is present (45). By interacting with pancreatic ductal cells, secretin enters the bloodstream or intestinal lumen and increases the production of bicarbonate, which lowers the pH of the gastric chyme as it enters the small intestine.
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sentence supports the statement that complex, multicellular organisms are made up of specialized cells that each perform different functions for the body?
Answer:
Human liver cells make proteins that promote homeostasis that neurons do not
Explanation:
Answer:
bro am so so so lost i need help
D
Question 3
My cell has many chromosomes, but only certain genes activated. My activated genes allow me to
produce mitochondria, chloroplasts and a cell wall. I also have the gene for root hair production, but
it is not turned on. Who Am I?
Muscle Cell
O Leaf Cell
Nerve Cell
10 pts
Plant Root Cell
As the cell contains activated genes for the production of mitochondria, chloroplasts and a cell wall and inactive genes for root hair production, then it is a leaf cell.
Leaf cells are different from other parts of the plant as they carry out photosynthesis for the preparation of food for plants. The chloroplasts present in leaves contain chlorophyll that helps in photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight using water and carbon dioxide. In this process, oxygen is released. Leaf cells contain many active and inactive genes. Leaf cells contain active genes for the formation of mitochondria, chloroplasts and a cell wall. Root cells contain the active genes for the formation of root hairs. But, chloroplasts are absent in root hairs as they do not have any role in photosynthesis. Roots are present inside the soil.Thus, the leaf cell is the correct option as plant cells contain a cell wall and the leaf helps in the photosynthesis process.
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DNA Group of answer choices contains the base uracil. contains six different nucleotide bases. is single stranded. directs cellular function.
Nucleic acid:
DNA is responsible for directing the cellular function. The nucleic acids are responsible for the storage of genetic information.
The DNA and RNA are the nucleic acids present in an organism. The DNA is the double stranded helix and comprises of sugars, nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. Deoxyribose is the sugar present along with 4 nitrogenous bases which are adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine. These bases code for proteins which are responsible for carrying out range of activities such as cell growth, cell division and cell signalling.
RNA has ribose sugar and 4 nitrogenous base. Thymine is replaced by uracil in RNA. There are three types of RNA: rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA.
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a polynucleotide that directs cellular function.
There are two nucleic acids found in living beings, DNA and RNA. DNA is the genetic material in most organisms excluding some viruses that may contain RNA as their genetic material. DNA contains certain nucleotide sequences that encode proteins and are called genes. These proteins are important for the maintenance and functioning of the cell.
A DNA molecule contains four nucleotide bases, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. It is a double-stranded molecule. Uracil is a nitrogenous base in RNA molecules that are single-stranded in structure.
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Match the following.
(i) Rosetta (a) 64 amino acids
(ii) Marshall Nirenberg (b) Hieroglyph
(iii) Codon table (c) Amino acid phenylalanine
(iv) Codon UUU (d) Synthesized artificial RNA molecule
A. (i) - b, (ii) - d, (iii) - a, (iv) - c
B. (i) - b, (ii) - a, (iii) - c, (iv) - d
C. (i) - a, (ii) - b, (iii) - c, (iv) - d
D. (i) - c, (ii) - d, (iii) - a, (iv) - b
Rosetta is associated with hieroglyph, Marshall Nirenberg is associated with a synthesized artificial RNA molecule, the Codon table is associated with 64 amino acids, and the Codon UUU is associated with the amino acid phenylalanine. The correct option is A.
The name Rosetta is linked to hieroglyphs because of the Rosetta Stone, a well-known artefact that contains writing in Greek, Demotic, and Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Because of his groundbreaking work utilising synthetic RNA to interpret the genetic code and decipher the first codon, Marshall Nirenberg is linked to a synthesised artificial RNA molecule.
The 64 amino acids that make up the codon table represent the various three-letter codon combinations that are used in the genetic code to code for various amino acids.
Because the codon UUU determines the inclusion of phenylalanine during protein synthesis, it is connected to the amino acid phenylalanine.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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Blood transfusions are an example of a tissue transplant. All transplants (tissue and organs) must be cross-matched so the recipient's immune system will not attack the donated organ; rejection is the main problem in organ transplants. What happens at a cellular level during organ rejection
Answer:
..
Explanation:
I'm struggling to understand how to fill out this table could somebody explain how to do it in this example so I can do it In the future
The table indicates the sequential order of codons in an mRNA sequence, which will be used to add the corresponding amino acids during protein translation.
What is a messenger RNA?A messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single strand sequence of RNA derived from the transcription of a DNA gene sequence.
The linear order of triplets of nucleotides or codons in the mRNA molecules will be used during translation to encode a polypeptide.
For example, the codon AUG (Adenine-Uracil-Guanine) is a start codon of the protein and it is used to add methionine.
In conclusion, the table indicates codons in mRNA used during protein translation.
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The most prominent organelle that contains genetic material and is visible in most eukaryotic cells is the
The most prominent organelle that contains genetic material and is visible in most eukaryotic cells is the Nucleus.
What is Nucleus?The nucleus is a double membraned organelle found in all eukaryotic cells.It is the largest organelle, which functions as the control center of cellular activities and is the storehouse of the cell's DNA.The nucleus is dark, round, and surrounded by a nuclear membrane.Within the nucleus, there are tiny spherical bodies called the nucleolus. It also carries an essential structure called chromosomes.So the nucleus is the organelle that is visible and present in all eukaryotic cells.To learn more about Nucleus,
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What microscopy tool would be most useful in observing the structure of a virus?.
Although most solutes that enter or exit the cell are relatively small (inorganic ions, sugars, or amino acids), occasionally the movement of larger molecules into or out of the cell is required. For example, certain cells secrete proteins, such as pancreatic cells that secrete insulin. Other cells take up food particles or even entire cells, such as lymphocytes in your immune system. Transport of such large materials into and out of the cytosol cannot be accomplished by transport proteins in the plasma membrane. The transport of large molecules is accomplished by bulk transport via exocytosis and endocytosis. Like other forms of active transport, bulk transport requires an input of energy. Before beginning this tutorial, watch the segment of the Membrane Transport animation on exocytosis and endocytosis. Observe the role that vesicles play in transport of materials into and out of the cell. Part A - Exocytosis and endocytosis Sort the phrases into the appropriate bins depending on whether they describe exocytosis, endocytosis, or both.
Your question is incomplete. please read below to find the full content.
a. --> ENDOCYTOSIS
b. -->EXOCYTOSIS
c.--> ENDOCYTOSIS.
d. --> BOTH
e. --> EXOCYTOSIS
f. --> BOTH
g. --> EXOCYTOSIS
To answer the question, first, we need to know the meaning of endocytosis and exocytosis.
Endocytosis and exocytosis process refers to molecules transport mediated by vesicles. It occurs from and into the cell and needs energy to happen because it is active transport.
Cells can export many substances in vesicles or vacuoles that originate in specific organelles like, for instance, the Golgi complex. Organelles form new vesicles or vacuoles with substances destined for exportation and send them forward to the membrane. When they get there, they fuse to the cell membrane, releasing all their content to the extracellular space. When fussing, the vesicle membrane increases the size of the cellular membrane. This process is exocytosis, and its direction is always from the inside of the cell to the outside.
But there is also another vesicle-mediated transport that occurs from the exterior to the cell interior, the endocytosis process. It happens when the cell imports material from the extracellular space through the invagination of the membrane, producing a new vesicle that surrounds the incoming material. The invagination ends in strangulation of the membrane, releasing the new vesicle in the cytoplasm. This process decreases the size of the cellular membrane because it uses part of it to engulf the material.
Now that we know these concepts, we can sort the phrases into the appropriate bins.
a. decreases the surface area of the plasma membrane. ENDOCYTOSIS, because the new vesicles are formed using the cell membrane.
b. requires fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane. EXOCYTOSIS, because the vesicle needs to fuse to the cell membrane to release the carrying material.
c. forms vesicles from inward folding of the plasma membrane. ENDOCYTOSIS. Refers to the invagination process of the cell membrane. It only occurs during endocytosis
d. transported substances never physically cross the plasma membrane. BOTH. Substances are too big or too many to be physically transported through the cell membrane
e. increases the surface area of the plasma membrane. EXOCYTOSIS. Occurs when the vesicle fuses the cell membrane to release the content to the exterior.
f. requires cellular energy. BOTH of them, because they are active transport.
g. secretes large molecules out of the cell. EXOCYTOSIS. The direction is from the interior of the cell to the exterior. These are exportation molecules.
Although most solutes that enter or exit the cell are relatively small (inorganic ions, sugars, or amino acids), occasionally the movement of larger molecules into or out of the cell is required. For example, certain cells secrete proteins, such as pancreatic cells that secrete insulin. Other cells take up food particles or even entire cells, such as lymphocytes in your immune system. Transport of such large materials into and out of the cytosol cannot be accomplished by transporting proteins in the plasma membrane. The transport of large molecules is accomplished by bulk transport via exocytosis and endocytosis. Like other forms of active transport, bulk transport requires an input of energy. Before beginning this tutorial, watch the segment of the Membrane Transport animation on exocytosis and endocytosis. Observe the role that vesicles play in the transport of materials into and out of the cell.
Part A
Sort the phrases into the appropriate bins depending on whether they describe exocytosis, endocytosis, or both.
a. decreases the surface area of the plasma membrane
b. requires fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane
c. forms vesicles from inward folding of the plasma membrane
d. transported substances never physically cross the plasma membrane
e. increases the surface area of the plasma membrane
f. requires cellular energy
g. secretes large molecules out of the cell
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How does variation contribute to evolution?
A. Variation causes changes in the DNA, some of which are passed on, changing the species slightly each generation.
B. Variation changes an organism over time, allowing them to evolve slowly as they grow.
C. Variation does not contribute to evolution.
D. Variation produces a great variety of advantages for natural selection to select, through the process of Mitosis.
abc or d with a simple explanation
pls be sure of your answer
Variations contributes to evolution through : ( D ) Variation produces a great variety of advantages for natural selection to select, through the process of Mitosis
Effect of genetic variationsGene variants affect evolution, evolution is the process by which population changes over generations and these changes are caused by genetic variations which produces a great variety of advantages for natural selection to select through the process of mitosis. Gene alteration introduces different traits in organisms which are advantageous.
Hence we can conclude that Variations contributes to evolution through Variation produces a great variety of advantages for natural selection to select, through the process of Mitosis
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