1.DNA (in nucleus) transcribed to mRNA.
2.mRNA leaves nucleus.
3.mRNA enters cytoplasm.
4.mRNA hooks up with ribosomes.
5.Ribosomes scroll through mRNA.
6.tRNA delivers amino acids to mRNA/ribosome complex.
7.Enzymes link amino acids together to form a protein.
what is a protein?
a structure composed of amino acids. The body need proteins to function properly. They serve as the building blocks for several bodily components, including the skin, hair, and enzymes, cytokines, and antibodies.
Deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA, is a large molecule that houses our distinct genetic code. It contains the directions for generating every protein in our bodies, much like a recipe book.
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after an individual plant has received a heat shock, it may then have an increased ability (above baseline) to withstand further drought because of the expression of specific proteins that enable more efficient use of water. true or false: this observation is an example of adaptation.
This is an important finding because the dominant theory for WUE is predicated on rising plant productivity.
What is the straightforward meaning of protein?A structure composed of amino acids. The body need proteins to function properly. They serve as the building blocks for several bodily components, including the skin, hair, and enzymes, cytokines, & antibodies.
What use do proteins serve?The body uses protein for a variety of purposes. It promotes metabolic reactions, supports tissue growth and repair, and synchronizes biological processes. Proteins give your body a structural foundation while also ensuring optimal pH & fluid balance.
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Where is the dorsal root ganglion found?
The dorsal root ganglion is located in under the vertebral pedicle at the thoracic and lumbar levels.
What Is dorsal root ganglion?
The dorsal root ganglion, also known as the spinal ganglion more recently, is made up of sensory neurons' neuronal cell bodies. This is the most prevalent kind of sensory ganglion in the human body.
The dorsal root ganglion, as its name suggests, is connected to the spinal nerve's posterior or dorsal root. It is situated near to where the spinal cord is. The ganglion is formed as the dorsal root of the spinal nerve enlarges as it exits the intervertebral neural foramen. Before the dorsal and ventral roots combine to produce a single spinal nerve, it is present.
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the egg of a wasanabina beetle has 5 chromosomes. how many chromosomes are in a somatic cell of a wasanabina beetle?
There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in somatic cells; one member of every pair is paternal (from the daddy) and one maternal (from the mom). There are 22 matched pairs of autosomal chromosomes, plus one pair of intercourse chromosomes.
Turner syndrome (also known as monosomy X) is a condition because of monosomy. ladies with Turner syndrome typically have the best replica of the X chromosome in every cell, for a total of forty-five chromosomes per cellular. not often, some cells end up with whole extra units of chromosomes.
Definitions of the somatic chromosome. any chromosome that isn't a sex chromosome; appears in pairs in body cells however as single chromosomes in spermatozoa. synonyms: autosome. form of: chromosome. a threadlike strand of DNA within the mobile nucleus that incorporates the genes in a linear order.
Inside the human genome lie about 20,000 genes that encode proteins, the molecules that sincerely construct human cells and our bodies, plus many other DNA factors that control while, in which, and what sort of every gene is expressed (Ezkurdia et al., 2014).
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a particular triplet of bases in the template strand of dna is 5'-aaa-3'. the anticodon on the trna that binds the mrna codon is ________.
Answer:87/09
Explanation:because
The ph of the inner thylakoid space, the stroma, and the cytosol of a particular plant cell has been measured. Which, if any, relationship would you expect to find?.
The stroma's pH is greater than the thylakoid's. glands and organs, and other body tissues are supported and structured by the tissues and cells that make them up.
What does stroma cell mean?Any organ's connective tissue cells, or stromal cells, support the hepatocellular cells of that organ's function. Fundamentally, stromal/stromal cells are a diverse population of cells with divergent differentiation potential based on their environmental context.
In a cell, where is the stroma?The thylakoid lumen, an area of central aqueous tissue, is enclosed by the thylakoid membrane. The stroma, a matrix made up of dispersed enzymes, starch granules, and copies of a chloroplast genome, fills the area between both the inner membrane and the thylakoid membrane.
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When a stem cell differentiates and changes in size and shape, specific genes are being(1 point).
When a stem cell differentiates and changes in length and form, unique genes are being EXPRESSED.
Gene expression entails the drift of genetic data from genes (DNA) to RNA and proteins.
Differentiation includes first the transcription of genes to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and second the translation of these mRNAs to proteins.
All through gene transcription, a fraction of DNA called 'gene' is used as a template to create an mRNA within the cellular nucleus.
Ultimately, this mRNA travels to the cytoplasm wherein it is then used as a template to create a protein via the technique of translation.
In conclusion, while a stem cell differentiates and changes in length and form, precise genes are being EXPRESSED.
Stem cell differentiation involves the changing of cellular to a greater specialized mobile kind, involving a transfer from proliferation to specialization. This involves a succession of alterations in cell morphology, membrane capability, metabolic pastime, and signal responsiveness.
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which of the following describes the role of glutamine synthetase in protein catabolism? i. glutamine synthetase converts glutamate and ammonia to glutamine using one molecule of atp ii. the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase is reversible iii. the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase removes excess nitrogen (in the form of toxic ammonia) from protein degradation iv. glutamine synthetase converts glutamine to glutamate
The role of glutamine synthetase in protein catabolism is: (iii) the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase removes excess nitrogen (in the form of toxic ammonia) from protein degradation.
Glutamine synthetase is an enzyme. It condenses glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine. It controls the use of nitrogen inside cells. The location of the enzyme in the body is: brain, kidneys, and liver.
Protein degradation is carried out by a process called ubiquitination where ubiquitin tags are added to the protein destined for degradation. The ubiquitin tags are not added randomly instead they are added to the amino group of the side chain of a lysine residue.
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Which of the following statements is true about the chromosomes in animal cells?
Select one:
a.
In animals, all cells are diploid.
b.
In animals, gametes are haploid, but all other cells are diploid.
c.
In animals, gametes are diploid, but all other cells are haploid.
d.
In animals, all cells are haploid.
Answer:
In animals, gametes are haploid, but all other cells are diploid.
Explanation:
Most animals are diploid, meaning that adults have two copies of each chromosome in every cell, except the sex cells(gametes) (1 copy of each chromosome).
what stimulates chemoreceptors to increase breathing rate and depth? group of answer choices excess co2 needs to be removed po2 was too high blood ph was too alkaline more o2 is required
Excess [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] needs to be removed as it stimulates chemoreceptors to increase breathing rate and depth.
So, the correct option is A.
The rate and depth of breathing are both augmented by hypoxia-induced increased chemoreceptor activity or an increase in carbon dioxide partial pressure, which returns oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures to normal levels. When the chemical makeup of their immediate environment changes, chemoreceptors are stimulated. Chemoreceptors come in a variety of forms and are found all over the body. They aid in controlling functions such as taste, smell, and breathing.
The strongest stimulus to take deeper breaths more frequently typically occurs when the concentration of carbon dioxide rises. In contrast, the brain reduces the number of breaths taken and their depth when the blood's carbon dioxide concentration is low.
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A ______ joint occurs where bones are held together by dense regular connective tissue.
Answer:
Fibrous
What are Fibrous joints?
They are bones that are joined by dense connective tissue that is rich mostly in collagen fibers. The joints all together are called sutures
Farmers use various methods of irrigation on crops. which of the following statements correctly pairs an irrigation method with an advantage or disadvantage?
a. Flood irrigation is often used in agricultural fields, however, it increases surface erosion and salinization of the soil.
b. Drip irrigation is readily used in large-scale farming because of the low cost associated with this method.
c. Furrow irrigation is a method in which farmers plant two different types of crops in alternating strips which increases productivity.
d. Spray irrigation loses the least amount of water to evaporation.
Flood irrigation is often used in agricultural fields, however, it increases surface erosion and salinization of the soil.
Surface irrigation is the application of water to the soil surface and its distribution by gravity. It is by far the most common type of irrigation in the world and has been practiced virtually unchanged in many areas for thousands of years. Surface irrigation (also known as flood or furrow irrigation) is one of the oldest methods of irrigating fields, with farmers flowing water down small trenches running through their crops.
Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation, is a type of micro-irrigation system that allows water to drip slowly to plant roots, either above the soil surface or buried below the soil surface.
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Earth has several nutrient cycles that share similarities, but also differ. Connect each feature of a cycle that relates to the phosphorus, nitrogen, or carbon cycle. You may use cycles, and the features of the cycles, more than one time each.
Cycle
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Carbon
Feature of Cycle
Excess present in fertilizers can upset the balance of the cycle
Mostly in a form unusable by organisms
Present in soil and organisms
Involved in respiration
Fixed by bacteria from the atmosphere
Often deposited on the ocean floor
Excess present in the atmosphere can upset the balance of the cycle
Excess present in fertilizers can upset the balance of the cycle---- Nitrogen and phosphorus cycles.
Mostly in a form unusable by organisms--- nitrogen
Present in soil and organisms ---- carbon and nitrogen
Involved in respiration---- carbon
Fixed by bacteria from the atmosphere----- nitrogen
Often deposited on the ocean floor--- phosphorus
Excess present in the atmosphere can upset the balance of the cycle--- carbon.
How are the phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon cycles interconnected?Every living organism is made up of atoms of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Nitrogen and carbon are present in amino acids which are responsible for making proteins. Phosphates form DNA and ATP molecules. The availability of these elements has great importance to the existence of living things.
Nitrogen Cycle is a process in which nitrogen is converted into other forms that are passing from the atmosphere to the soil, then to organisms, and back into the atmosphere. It has several processes such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification, etc.
The carbon Cycle is a process of circulation of carbon through biotic and abiotic parts of the ecosystem. It is a type of gaseous cycle. Phosphorus Cycle is a process of circulation of phosphorus through biotic and abiotic parts of the ecosystem. It is considered a sedimentary cycle.
So we can conclude that the phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon cycles are interconnected to each other because they are important for the survival of the organism.
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how can introduced species disrupt ecosystems? question 10 options: by causing habitat fragmentation by increasing biodiversity by crowding out native species by decreasing competition
Introduced species can disrupt the ecosystems by crowding out native species
What is an ecosystem ?Invasive species have the potential to wipe out native species, reduce biodiversity, compete with native organisms for scarce resources, and modify environments. This may have significant negative economic effects and fundamentally alter the ecosystems of the Great Lakes and the seashore.
Ecosystems can be destroyed by some imported species that are invasive. These animals procreate quickly and are frequently hostile. Because they have no natural predators, they can 6 outcompete local species and change habitats.Learn more about Ecosystem here:
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Garrod hypothesized that inherited diseases such as alkaptonuria, the inability to metabolize the chemical alkapton, occur because.
Garrod hypothesized that inherited diseases such as alkaptonuria, the inability to metabolize the chemical alkapton, occur because the effected individuals have genetic defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes.
Alkaptonuria is the genetic disease where the body is unable to breakdown the proteins tyrosine and phenylalanine efficiently. This causes the buildup of homogentisic acid that leaves the body through urine. The urine therefore becomes black in color.
Enzymes are the biological catalysts that are proteinaceous in nature. They are responsible for the enhancement of rate of reaction of the various chemical reactions. As a result the reactions take place at a very fast pace.
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Match the variables used to describe streams to their descriptions.
a. The rate of water flow expressed as volume per unit of time
b. The slope of the stream bottom
c. Used to describe the channel pattern
d. The loose sediment and dissolved chemicals being carried by the stream
e. The amount of earth material waiting to be moved by a stream
1. Discharge
2. Gradient
3. Sinuosity
4. Load
5. Available sediment
The correct answers/matches are: a-1, b-2. c-3, d-5, e-4. Flow rate is defined as the volume of water flowing over a given surface per unit of time. In simpler terms, it is the speed at which water flows through a pipe.
Water velocity, pipe diameter, and frictional losses all affect volumetric flow. River Slope – The river slope, or the number of drops per mile measured between two points along the river path.
a. The flow rate of water expressed in volume per unit time is Discharge.
b. The slope of the mountain stream bottom is Gradient
c. A third sine wave is used to represent the channel pattern is Sinuosity.
d. loose sediment and dissolved chemicals carried by the stream is sediment available.
e. The amount of dirt material waiting to be moved by the stream is load.
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Lipid-soluble hormones can diffuse into any cell. What allows lipid-soluble hormones to exert a specific effect, only for targeted cells?.
In order to contact a signal sequence in the cell's cytoplasm (lipid-soluble hormones) or to bind a receptor sites protein in the goal cell's cell membrane, hormones either diffuse through the outer membrane.
What do hormones do?The molecular messengers of the body, hormones communicate with tissues and the bloodstream. Hormones affect a variety of bodily functions, including development and development, metabolism—the process through which your body converts food into energy—sexual function, fertility, and mood.
What do hormones mean?Hormonal substances serve as messengers molecules in the body. They are produced in one body part and then transported to others, where they help control how tissues and cells operate. For example, the hormone insulin is produced by pancreatic beta cells.
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A solid with volume 12 cubic units is dilated by a scale factor of k. Find the volume of the image for 1/4
The volume of the image for 1/4 is 3/16 cubic units.
You can make use of the idea that the solid is composed of 12 cubes, each with a side length of one unit. For k = 1/4, the volume of the dilated solid's image is 3/16 cubic units.
Given that the initial solid had 12 cubic units. Its volume was the same as the sum of the volumes of 12 cubes with a unit side length. Given that the scale factor of the dilation is k, each cube's side length has been multiplied by k.
Now, V = 12 x k^3 gives the volume of a 12-cube pyramid whose sides are each k units long. Given that k = 1/4, we can calculate V as follows: 12 x (1/4)^3 = 3/16 unit3. Therefore, for k = 1//4, the volume of the dilated solid's image is 3/16 cubic units.
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In this unit, we learned about severe weather disasters and their repercussions. According to Murphy, explain how reducing the initial emergency response by one day can reduce the overall recovery by 1000 days?
Answer:According to Murphy it has been concluded that to accelerate the emergency response,autonomous robots and unmanned machines can be used.
Explanation: Don't ask how i know it :)
Answer: The correct answer is : According to studies carried out, it has been concluded that to accelerate the emergency response one day, autonomous robots and unmanned machines can be used. In this way the recovery time can be reduced by one thousand (1000) days or almost three years.
Explanation: I Jus know it
where are hadley cells found? where are hadley cells found? in the atmosphere near the poles in the water near the equator in the water near the poles in the atmosphere near the equator
Hardley cells can be found near the equator which is in the atmosphere.
So, the correct option is D.
Both sides of the equator contain Hadley cells. Energy is transported from the equator to about the 30th latitude by each cell, which latitudinally circles the globe. These phenomena can be observed in the circulation: Heavy precipitation results from warm, humid air combined close to the equator. The Hadley Cell consists of air rising close to the equator, moving in the direction of the North and South Poles, returning to the Earth's surface in the subtropics, and then moving back toward the equator at the planet's surface. This causes tropical easterlies and trade winds to form.
Hadley cells are low-latitude overturning circulations where air rises near the equator and sinks at about 30° latitude. Low-latitude weather patterns are governed by them, as well as trade winds.
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Which adaptation was the most important in enabling the first terrestrial animals to eliminate their dependence on aquatic habitats?.
The primary evolutionary strategy used by terrestrial animals to transfer the "pond" inland and lessen their need on water for reproduction was the amniotic egg.
What modifications do terrestrial animals have?To catch their food, certain terrestrial animals have keen teeth with pointed canines and pointy claws. These creatures' highly developed senses enable them to hunt for food during the night or just by spotting the movement of their prey. The majority of terrestrial animals share these unique adaptive traits.
Fins were replaced by limbs as mechanical support structures, swimming was replaced by walking, gills were replaced by lungs as respiratory organs, and suction feeding was replaced by biting as a mode of nutrition.
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During dna synthesis, the sites where the two template strands are unwound and new dna is made are called what?.
The opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands, priming of the template strand, and construction of the new DNA segment are the three main phases in replication.
The DNA double helix's two strands uncoil at a specific spot known as the origin during separation. The starting point for the opening of the DNA's double helix structure at the origin of replication for DNA synthesis is known as a DNA unwinding element (DUE or DNAUE).DNA replication takes place in an unwinding, open region known as a replication bubble. When the enzyme helicase divides the two strands of DNA so they may be copied, bubbles are produced.
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Which chemical can be used to test for the presence of starch?
population genetics is the study of total genetic variation of a population through time. select one: true false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Population genetics is the study of variation within populations of individuals, and the forces which shape it. Do with this info as you may. Also just paste the question into another search engine. This tends to give different results
(c) (i) The material entering the colon is liquid, but the faeces are usually much more solid. State how this happens.
Answer:
Water is absorbed from the chyme in the colon, leaving the fecal matter more solid in the end
explain why the maternal strategy typically used by phocids is different from the maternal strategy used by otariids
Phocid maternal techniques fluctuate from that of the otariids, particularly by using a shorter lactation duration and maternal fasting for the duration of the entire lactation period.
Reported obstetric care interventions were basically secure delivery care interventions and the supply of basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care (EmOC), together with cesarean sections. different obstetric care interventions covered the education of healthcare employees and referral for care.
Phocids are also called earless seals or “real” seals. they've ear holes, but no external ear flaps. in addition, they have small front flippers and circulate on land by flopping along on their bellies. At sea, those seals circulate their rear flippers back and forth like a fish's tail to propel themselves through the water.
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what potential disadvantage does the alternate pathway of fructose catabolism in the liver introduce as compared to glucose catabolism?
There are fewer regulatory stages in sugar catabolism than in glucose catabolism.
What does a high glucose level mean?In cases of hyperglycemia, the body does not produce enough insulin, resulting in high blood sugar levels. Hyperglycemia, a sign of diabetes, can lead to vomiting, excessive thirst and hunger a rapid heartbeat, eyesight issues, and other symptoms. Serious health issues might result from uncontrolled hyperglycemia.
Is blood sugar the same as glucose?The primary sugar in your blood is called blood sugar, or glucose. Your body uses it as its primary source of energy, and it originates from of the food you eat. All of the cells in your body receive glucose from your blood to be used as fuel. Diabetes is a condition in which you have too high levels of blood sugar.
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Which component of the plasma membrane is involved in defending a cell against
invading microorganisms?
a) Membrane proteins
Ob) Cholesterol molecules
c) Membrane proteins working with cholesterol molecules
d) Phospholipids
The component of the plasma membrane involved in defending a cell against invading microorganisms is the c) membrane proteins working with cholesterol molecules.
Membrane proteins work with cholesterol molecules to form a barrier that prevents microorganisms from entering the cell. The function of membrane proteins in invading microorganisms is to allow the microorganism to attach to and invade the host cell.
Membrane proteins are found on the surface of the microorganism and interact with receptors on the host cell surface. This interaction allows the microorganism to attach to the host cell and then invade it.
Membrane proteins play a vital role in invading microorganisms by providing a mechanism for the organisms to attach to and penetrate the plasma membrane. Additionally, membrane proteins may also be involved in signal transduction, which can help the microorganisms to proliferate and cause disease.
Hence, the correct option is c)
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11. All of the following are disadvantages of using wind energy EXCEPT
O visual impacts.
O unreliable production.
O air pollution.
O noise pollution.
All of the following are disadvantages of using wind energy except air pollution.
Any mechanical energy that is produced by wind or any naturally occurring airflow is referred to as wind energy.
Unpredictability, danger to animals, low-level noise, unattractiveness, and the restricted number of areas that can support wind turbines are a few of the key drawbacks of wind energy.
On the plus side, wind energy is one of the most economical forms of electricity and is a clean, renewable energy source. On the negative side, wind turbines may be noisy, and unsightly, and can have a negative impact on the surrounding natural environment.
Wind energy is intermittent, like solar energy, which means that turbines are dependent on the weather and can't produce electricity constantly.
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rest and motion are relative terms give reasons
Which of the following occurs during the latent period of muscle contraction?
a. Acetylcholine is released at the axon terminal.
b. Acetylcholine is released at the axon terminal and an action potential is generated.
c. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Option c is correct Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
The action potential is moving over the sarcolemma during the latent phase. The sarcoplasmic Ca++ ions connect to troponin during the contraction phase, tropomyosin departs from actin-binding sites, cross-bridges develop, and sarcomeres contract.
The time it takes for an action potential to reach the muscle fiber, depolarize the sarcolemma (the cell membrane of the muscle cell), and let calcium to be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is known as the latent period of a muscle twitch (an organelle in the muscle cell that stores calcium).The time interval between the generation of an action potential in a muscle cell and the beginning of muscle contraction is known as the latent period. Describe the mechanism by which the fibers of skeletal muscles couple excitation and contraction.
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