According to the Gaussian distribution model, 8.8 x [tex]10^{11}[/tex][tex]cm^{-2}[/tex] energy is required to design the implant setup.
A probabilistic model called a "Gaussian mixture model" posits that all of the data points were produced by combining a limited number of Gaussian distributions with unknown parameters.
First, the mean and covariance functions of a Gaussian distribution model are the only variables that matter. Due to the fact that just the first and second order moments of the process need to be specified, this attribute makes model fitting easier. Second, it's not too difficult to solve the prediction problem using Gaussian distribution model.
Given:
At z = 50nm
C (50nm) = 1 x [tex]10^{16} cm^{-3}[/tex]
C (50nm) / Cp = 0.1
Calculations:
Using the Gaussian distribution model, the concentration as a function of depth can be related to peak concentration, Cp:
[tex]Cz = Cp * exp ( - \frac{(z - Rp)^2}{2\Delta R^2p} )[/tex]
Taking log on both sides,
[tex]\sqrt{2ln10}[/tex] = Rp – 0.05 / ΔRp = 2.416
To find an energy that gives Rp – 2.15 ΔRp = 0.05µm
(By trial and error method)
100 Kev Rp = 0.125, ΔRp = 0.035, Rp – 2.15 ΔRp = 0.048µm
120 Kev Rp = 0.15, ΔRp = 0.040, Rp – 2.15 ΔRp = 0.064µm
Interpolating linearly between 100 and 120 Kev gives about 103Kev.
At this energy, ΔRp = 0.035 µm
Therefore,
[tex]Q = \sqrt{2\pi } \Delta Rp Cp[/tex] = 8.8 x [tex]10^{11}[/tex][tex]cm^{-2}[/tex]
Result:
8.8 x [tex]10^{11}[/tex][tex]cm^{-2}[/tex] energy is required.
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a block is made of a metal with the density of 5 g/ml. It displaces 2ml of water. What is the blocks mass?
(Not chemistry, it is science)
Answer:
10 grams
Explanation:
The mass equals the density times the volume it displaces, so 5*2 = 10 grams. If you look at the units, you will see that they also cancel out.
you have 5 grams / ml, and 2 ml, so when 5 grams/ml and 2 ml are multiplied, the result is 10 grams*ml/ml, and since ml/ml = 1, the final unit of the answer would be 10 grams.
Can someone please help me answer this question, im not sure if my answer is right, i dont understand the question. I need an explanation asap, please.
Answer:
nooooooooooooooooooooiooooooooob
Answer:
Ans is HCL as :
it reacts with limewater to produce bubbles of gas(CaCo3+2HCL -----> Cacl2+H20+Co2)
It is an acid so it turns blue litmus paper to red
When zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, the reaction bubbles vigorously as hydrogen gas is produced. When hydrogen is near fire it burns with pop sound
It should also be noted that HCL is colorless
PLSSSS MARK AS BRAINLIEST
I don't know this lol
Answer:
Atoms that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons, or excess energy in their nucleus.
Explanation:
cuz
use your measured conductances (currents) for isomolar solutions of the substances you tested and the conductances (currents) for pure water and ethyl alcohol to distinguish among strong electrolytes (se), weak electrolytes (we), and nonelectrolytes (ne).
The difference between strong electrolytes (se), weak electrolytes (we), and nonelectrolytes (ne).
A solution or solute that totally, or nearly completely, ionizes or dissociates in a solution is referred to as a strong electrolyte.
In the solution, these ions act as effective conductors of electric current. A substance that is a good conductor of electricity while in aqueous solution was the original definition of a "strong electrolyte."
A solution is considered to be a weak electrolyte if only a small percentage of the dissolved solute is present as ions. An equilibrium between the reactants and products is depicted by a double arrow in the equation for the ionization of a weak electrolyte.
Strong electrolytes totally ionize (100%), whereas weak electrolytes only partially ionize (often between 1 and 10%). In other words, whereas for weak electrolytes, the main species in solution is the unionized molecule itself, ions are the main species in solution for strong electrolytes.
A substance is referred to as a nonelectrolyte if it doesn't conduct electricity in either the molten or watery form. Many molecules, including ethanol and sugar, are nonelectrolytes. These substances do not release ions when they dissolve in water.
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a sample of xenon gas occupies a volume of 7.72 l at 421 k. if the pressure remains constant, at what temperature will this same xenon gas sample have a volume of 4.54 l?
The Xenon gas sample will have the volume of 4.54L at the temp of 247.26 k.
When pressure is constant, a gas's volume and temperature are directly proportional.
When pressure is constant, the volume to temperature ratio remains constant.
The term "Charles' law" or "Gay-Lussac's law" refers to this relationship.
Isobaric processes are those that operate at constant pressure.
V ∝ T (P constant)
V1/T1 = V2/T2 = constant
Here,
V1= 7.72l
T1 = 421k
V2 = 4.54l
T2 = ?
7.72/421 = 4.54/T2
7.72 × T2 = 4.54 × 421
T2 = 4.54 × 421
7.72
T2 = 247.26 k
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7. Compare and contrast mixtures and compounds. Which statement is true about mixtures and compounds? a. Both mixtures and compounds are the same throughout. c. Mixtures must be separated by chemical methods and compounds by physical methods. b. Mixtures and compounds are made of two or more elements in a definite proportion. d. Mixtures contain two or more elements physically combined and compounds contain two or more elements chemically combined.
The statement that accurately contrast a compound and a mixture is; Mixtures contain two or more elements physically combined and compounds contain two or more elements chemically combined.
What is a mixture?The term mixture has to do with a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined hence they can easily be separated by the use of physical methods. Hence they are not in any way compounds.
A compound is a substance that has been formed by the chemical combination of the atoms of elements. This implies that the components of a compound can not be separated by physical methods.
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Who developed the expression for the line spectrum of hydrogen to include lines in the ultraviolet and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum?.
Who evolved the expression for the broad spectrum of hydrogen to encompass lines within the ultraviolet and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum : Johannes Rydberg
Electromagnetic Spectrum: The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all varieties of EM radiation. Radiation is the power that travels and spreads out because it is going – the visible light that comes from a lamp in your own home and the radio waves that come from a radio station are styles of electromagnetic radiation. Scientists name them all electromagnetic radiation. The waves of energy are known as electromagnetic (EM) due to the fact they've oscillated in electric-powered and magnetic fields. Scientists classify them through their frequency or wavelength, going from high to low frequency (quick to long wavelength).
The electromagnetic spectrum observed over a century ago is the idea behind our universe(Opens in a new tab). Without it we would not be able to see, the stars would not shine, and existence would not exist. It is one of the most important concepts that govern everything around us. Electromagnetic radiation occurs whenever a charged particle changes speed with an electron, i.e., increases or slows significantly. The power of the generated electromagnetic radiation comes from charged particles and is therefore lost with use.
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a) there are several reagents that can be used to effect addition to a double bond, including: acid and water, oxymercuration–demercuration reagents, and hydroboration–oxidation reagents.
The selection of hydroboration-oxidation reagents to carry out the transformation was made for the following reasons:
Reagents for oxymercuration and demarcation produce the Markovnikov product.
The anti-Markovnikov product of addition is produced by reagents for hydroboration oxidation.
Anti-Markovnikov product without sigmatropic rearrangement is necessary for the reaction.
Acid and water are added to produce the Markovnikov product.
The formation of alcohol depends on the process of hydroboration-oxidation, it should be mentioned. Instead of employing other reagents, it is required for the transformation because hydroboration-oxidation reagents produce the anti-Markovnikov product of addition.
The conversion of alkenes into neutral alcohols is accomplished through the organic chemical reaction known as hydroboration oxidation. This is accomplished via a two-stage procedure that entails both an oxidation and a hydroboration step. An addition is made as a net result.
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Define volume.
length x width x height
the mass of liquid required to fill a container
the space occupied by a liquid
the space occupied by mass
Length x width x height can define the volume of an object.
What is the volume of an object?Volume can be defined as the space which is occupied by an object in space. It is also called the capacity of the object. The volume of an object also refers to the amount of space it fills. Very large Volumes can be measured in cubic meters (m3) while the other hand, while the Smaller volumes can be measured in cubic centimeters (cm3) as well as cubic millimeters (mm3). Volume has three dimensions i.e. length, width, and height whereas area has two dimensions i.e. length and width. We can calculate the volume of an object with the help of a formula i.e. Volume = length × width × height.
So we can conclude that volume of an object can be calculated with the help of the formula i.e. Volume = length × width × height.
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does anyone know how to answer this question?
According to the given statement The density of the element is 6.82 g/ml.
What is Density ?Density is the measure of how firmly a material is packed. It has such definition since it is the mass per unit volume. Numeral for density D or The formula for calculating density is m/V, where m is the mass and V is the volume of the object.
What is unit of density?Grams per cubic centimeter are indeed a typical measurement unit for density. For example, while Earth has a density of up to 6.5 grams, water has a density of 1 grams per cubic centimeter. Another method to state density is in kilograms per cubic meters (in metre-kilogram-second or SI units).
Briefing:Mass of solid (M)= 10.23g
Initial volume of water V[tex]_1[/tex] = 20 ml
Final volume of water V[tex]_2[/tex] = 21.5 ml
Volume of solid (V) = V[tex]_2[/tex]– V[tex]_1[/tex]
= 21.5 - 20
= 1.5 ml
Density of element (D) = M / V
= 10.23g / 1.5 ml
= 6.82 g/ml.
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7. Identify the number of molecules in.
2NH3
Answer:
2 molecules
Explanation:
thete are 2 moleculed in 2NH3
HELP!! WILL GIVE 100 points.
Which term describes this molecular shape?
A. Tetrahedral
B. Linear
C. Trigonal Planar
D. Bent
Answer:
C. trigonal Planar
Explanation:
Tetrahedral is 4 connected
Bent is 2 connected with a lone pair
Linear is 2 connected in a line
Trigonal Planar is the one with 3 connected.
Answer:
C: Trigonal Planar
Explanation:
Tetrahedral is four connected
Bent is 2 linked with a lone pair
Linear is two connected in a line
Trigonal Planar is the one with 3 connected.
Where are the most reactive metals located?
Upper left of periodic table
Lower left of periodic table
Upper right of periodic table
Lower right of periodic table
Answer: Lower Left!
Explanation: I just took the quiz.
electrons are transferred from one atom to another
A photon has an energy of 8.42 eV.
What is its frequency?
The frequency of photon is 2.04 × [tex]10^{15}[/tex] Hz.
E = h × f
Here, E = energy, given = 8.42 eV = 8.42 × 1.6 ×[tex]10^{-19}[/tex] J = 1.35 × [tex]10^{-18}[/tex] J
h = plank's constant = 6.626 × [tex]10^{-34}[/tex] Js
f = frequency
So, f = E/h
f = 1.35 × [tex]10^{-18}[/tex] J/6.626 × [tex]10^{-34}[/tex] Js
f = 2.04 × [tex]10^{15}[/tex] Hz
Hence, the frequency of photon is 2.04 × [tex]10^{15}[/tex] Hz.
Frequency is the quantity of occurrences of a repeating occasion in line with unit of time. it is also every now and then known as temporal frequency to emphasize the comparison to spatial frequency, and regular frequency to emphasize the assessment to angular frequency.
The variety of periods or cycles according to second is called frequency. The SI unit for frequency is the hertz (Hz). One hertz is similar to one cycle consistent with second.
Frequency is an critical parameter used in technology and engineering to specify the temporal charge of alternate observed in oscillatory and periodic phenomena, which include mechanical vibrations, audio alerts, radio waves, and light.
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HELP WILL GIVE BRAINLIST
How many moles of calcium are present in 199 grams of calcium?
Answer: The answer is 40.078
Explanation: Ezzy
Answer:
mol CCl4 = 1.294 mol
Explanation:
moles (n) = (mass)/(molar mass)
∴ mass = 199 g CCl4
∴ molar mass = 153.82 g/mol
⇒ nCCl4 = 199 gCCl4 / 153.82 g/mol
⇒ nCCl4 = 1.294 mol CCl4
Calculate the densities of the objects using the volumes found by displacement. Record your data
The densities of the substances are;
Aluminum bar = 2.6 g/ml
PE rod = 0.91 g/mL
Iron bolt = 5.65 g/mL
What is density?The term density is defined as the ratio of the mass to the volume of the object. We know that mass is an intrinsic property. This means that the density of the object can be used to identify what the object that is under study is. Let us now try to find the density of each of the objects.
In this case, we have the mass and the volumes of the objects as they have been shown in the table that have here. We can now be able to find the volume of each of the objects.
Density of aluminum bar = 39 g/ 15 g/mL = 2.6 g/ml
Density of the PE rod = 21 g/23 mL = 0.91 g/mL
Density of iron bolt = 39 g/6.9 mL = 5.65 g/mL
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Mark is making a model of a living plant cell. The following objects are available to Mark for his model:
a cloth bag
a wire cage
a solar panel
a battery with wires
a zippered sandwich bag
Mark wants to represent the function of different plant cell parts by using objects that have functions similar to the cell’s parts.
Identify three objects Mark can use in his model that each represent a different plant cell part.
The solar panel would represent energy, so a solar panel would be one of them!
Studying cell illness models helps researchers better understand how diseases arise, which in turn helps them find novel molecular targets for particular therapeutics. Cell disease models can also be utilized to assess prospective therapeutic strategies. Thus, option C is correct.
What is the model of a living plant cell?The two-piece plant cell model depicts the normal plant cell's structures as seen through an electron microscope. The cytoplasm and all significant organelles are depicted in raised relief and colour on the plant cell. The plant cell model has the following features: cellular wall.
The process of generating a digital reproduction of each procedure, piece of machinery, and workflow within a plant is known as “plant modelling.”
Therefore, A solar panel would be one of them, since it would stand in for electricity.
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You want to determine how many
grams are in 43 mg.
43 mg
[?]
Which choice goes in the green
box to cancel out mg?
A. 1 mg B. 10-³ g C. 10³ g
Answer:
Explanation:
cg c g cv
The choice that goes in the green box to cancel out mg is 10⁻³ gram. The correct option is B.
How to evaluate for the gramsConversion Factor: To convert from milligrams (mg) to grams (g), we use the conversion factor that 1 gram (g) is equal to 1000 milligrams (mg), or 1 g = 1000 mg.
To cancel out the unit "mg" and obtain the desired unit "g," we need to use the conversion factor with the appropriate power of 10. In this case, since we want to cancel out milligrams (mg), which is 10⁻³ times smaller than a gram (g), we use the factor 10⁻³ g/mg.
Therefore, by multiplying 43 mg by the conversion factor 10⁻³ g/mg, we can cancel out the milligram unit and find that there are 0.043 grams in 43 milligrams.
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A pipette has 9 milliliters of liquid before dispensing. Pipette A has 5 milliliters of liquid after dispensing. Pipette B has 4 milliliters after dispensing.
Which pipette above shows that 4 mL of liquid has been dispensed?
Based on the initial and final volume of solution in each pipette, pipette A shows that 4 mL of the liquid has been dispensed.
What volume solution has been dispensed from each of the pipettes?A pipette is a lab apparatus that is used for dispensing liquids.
The volume of the liquid dispensed from the pipette is obtained bt subtraction of the initial volume of solution from the final volume of solution in the pipette.
Comparing the volume of solution dispensed from each pipette:
Volume dispensed from pipette A = 9 mL - 5 mL
Volume dispensed from pipette A = 4 mL
Volume dispensed from pipette B = 9 mL - 4 mL
Volume dispensed from pipette A = 5 mL
Therefore, the volume of solution dispensed from each pipette is as calculated above.
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3. Calculate the number of atoms in a sample of carbon that has a mass of
276.23amu.
Answer:
1.39 x 10^25 atoms
Explanation:
12 amu of C has 6.02 x 10^23 atoms
so 276.23 amu has
(276.23)(6.02 x 10^23)/(12) = 1.39 x 10^25 atoms
1. If the Moxie's tank has an initial pressure of 50 atm in the winter, what will be * 1 point
the pressure in the summer?
The pressure of the Moxie's tank in the summer will be 110.5 atm.
What is pressure law?The pressure law states that for a given mass a gas, the pressure exerted on the sides of its container is directly proportional to its absolute temperature provided the volume is constant.
Mathematically, this law can be written as;
P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂
where;
P₁ is the initial pressureP₂ is the final pressureT₁ is the initial temperatureT₂ is the final temperatureFrom formula above, as the temperature of the gas increases, its pressure increases as well.
Thus, the pressure that will be observed in the Moxie's tank during the summer will be greater than 50 atm since the temperature in summer is greater than the temperature in winter.
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The complete question is below:
If the Moxie's tank has an initial pressure of 50 atm in the winter, what will be * 1 point
the pressure in the summer?
A. 5.88 atm
B. 22.6 atm
C. 110.5 atm
show that the units of kinetic energy and of gravitational potential energy are the same
The unit of both types of energy is the joule (kg × m² × s⁻²).
Show the units of kinetic energy
The equation for kinetic energy is/2 × m × v²
[K] = kg × (m/s)²
[K] = kg × m² × s⁻² = J
Show units of gravitational potential energy
The formula for the potential energy of gravity is: g × h
[G] = kg × m/s² × m
[G] = kg × m² × s⁻² = J.
Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its height above the ground. This depends on the mass of the object, the acceleration due to gravity, and the height of the object. Kinetic energy is the energy that an object has when it moves. One of the most important similarities between potential energy and kinetic energy is that they can be converted into each other's energy forms. When a force is applied to potential energy, it is converted into kinetic energy.
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How many atoms are present in 4.56moles of sulfur?
Answer:
2.75 x 10^24 atoms
Explanation:
1 mole = 6.022 x 10^23 atoms
4.56 moles has:
4.56 x 6.022 x 10^23 = 2.75 x 10^24 atoms
zinc, copper, lead, and mercury ions are toxic to atlantic salmon at concentrations of 6.42 × 10–2 mm, 7.16 × 10–3 mm, 0.965 mm, and 5.00 × 10–2 mm, respectively. what are the corresponding concentrations in milligrams per liter?
The concentration of each substance in mg/L are;
Zinc - 9.8 * 10^-4 mg/L
Copper - 1.1 * 10^-4 mg/L
Lead - 4.7 * 10^-3 mg/L
Mercury - 2.5 * 10^-4 mg/L
What is concentration?Let us recall that the term that is called concentration is used to describe the amount of substances that is present. Thus, there are several units of concentration that are in common use to day and these include;
PercentageMolarityMolalityNormalityIn this case we are asked to convert the concentration of the object as it has been given in mM to mg/L as we can see above in the question.
We have that;
RMM mg/L = 1mM
Let us now convert each one;
Zinc = 1/65 * 6.42 × 10^–2 mm
= 9.8 * 10^-4 mg/L
Copper = 1/63.5 * 7.16 × 10–3 mm
= 1.1 * 10^-4 mg/L
Lead = 1/207 * 0.965 mm = 4.7 * 10^-3 mg/L
Mercury = 1/201 * 5.00 × 10–2 mm = 2.5 * 10^-4 mg/L
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Two quantities in the ideal gas equation that are directly proportional: _______ and ________
Two quantities in the ideal gas equation that are indirectly proportional: _______ and _______
Two quantities in the ideal gas equation that are directly proportional are Pressure and Temperature
In ideal gas law, PV = nRT
A quantity can be directly or indirectly proportional to each other. In case of directly proportional, if one quantity increases other would also increases and vice versa. In the case of indirectly proportional, the opposite happens i.e., increase in one quantity would result in decrease of another.
As we can see in the ideal gas law, increase in pressure (P) would increase number of moles (n) and Temperature (T). Similarly, increase in volume (V) would also increase number of moles (n) and Temperature (T).
If the law was rearranged, we can observe that increase in pressure would decrease the volume and vice versa.
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At an old gas station, gasoline leaks from an underground storage tank. what is the classifcation?
Answer:
Toxic pollution
Explanation:
Gasoline is a harmful chemical
I have 5 minutes if scientists could produce element 120, what predictions would you make about its reactivity
If scientists could produce element 120, its reactivity will be high as a result if the number of valence electrons present in its outermost shell.
What is an Element?This refers to a type of substance which can't be broken down into simpler substances by a chemical reaction and an example is Sodium.
In the case of element 120 if produced will belong to alkaline earth metals which have a valence electron of 2. This means that it needs to donate only two electrons to achieve a stable configuration which is therefore the reason why it will be highly reactive.
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Balanced chemical reactions obey the law of
conservation of mass
a. True
b. False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
A balanced chemical equation always obeys the law of conservation of mass. According to this law, the mass of products must be equal to the mass of reactants. A reaction is said to be balanced when the total mass of atoms on both sides of the chemical reaction is equal.
em
RT In K
nF
where E is standard
electrode potential of a reaction, increasing the
yalue of K will
12. From E =
E is standard the electrode potential of a reaction, increasing the value of K will Increase the forward reaction.
A measure of the reducing power of an element or compound. The IUPAC Gold Book defines it as Split the reaction into two half-reactions. where n is two. The following example shows how to use the Nernst equation to calculate the potential of an electrochemical cell under non-standard conditions.
If both half-reactions have different numbers of electrons multiply both equations by the appropriate number so that n is the same in both equations, then use this value of n in the equations before generating electricity. increase. The energy used is released during spontaneous chemical reactions. When the applied external potential is greater than the Ecell of the electrochemical cell, the reaction is reversed. It started working as an electrolytic cell and vice versa.
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