Use your knowledge of the definitions of validity, soundness, strength, and cogency to determine which of the following statements are true. Check all that apply. A statement is either valid or invalid. If an inductive argument is weak, then the argument's premises cannot all be true. All valid deductive arguments are equally valid. If a deductive argument's premises are not all true, then you know that the argument must be unsound. If an inductive argument has true premises and a false conclusion, then the conclusion still could be strong, as long as the conclusion is unlikely to be false. An inductive argument cannot be both strong and uncogent. Some inductive arguments are stronger than others. A deductive argument cannot be both invalid and sound. In a cogent inductive argument, the conclusion is probably true. It is possible for an inductive argument to be both uncogent and strong. If the conclusion of a deductive argument is true, then you know that the argument is sound. Some inductive arguments are both strong and weak. If a deductive argument is unsound, then the argument's premises must all be false. In a valid deductive argument it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false simultaneously. A cogent argument that has a large degree of inductive strength could still have a conclusion that is actually false.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The true statements are:

1. A statement is either valid or invalid.

False

2. If an inductive argument is weak, then the argument's premises cannot all be true.

True

3. All valid deductive arguments are equally valid.

True

4. If a deductive argument's premises are not all true, then you know that the argument must be unsound.

True

5. If an inductive argument has true premises and a false conclusion, then the conclusion still could be strong, as long as the conclusion is unlikely to be false.

False

5. An inductive argument cannot be both strong and uncogent.

True

6. Some inductive arguments are stronger than others.

True

7. A deductive argument cannot be both invalid and sound.

True

8. In a cogent inductive argument, the conclusion is probably true.

False

9. It is possible for an inductive argument to be both uncogent and strong.

False

10. If the conclusion of a deductive argument is true, then you know that the argument is sound.

True

11. Some inductive arguments are both strong and weak.

False

12. If a deductive argument is unsound, then the argument's premises must all be false.

True.

13. In a valid deductive argument it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false simultaneously.

True

14. A cogent argument that has a large degree of inductive strength could still have a conclusion that is actually false.

True

Explanation:

A statement is either true or untrue.  A statement cannot be valid or invalid.  Validity, soundness, strength, and cogency apply to arguments and not to statements.  When one makes a valid argument, it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false.


Related Questions

How did trade most directly affect technology in ancient India? PLEASE HELP THIS IS HALF MY GRADE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

Trade most directly affect technology of ancient India because, ancient India had a lot of money but it was not very developed, so trading with other countries helped ancient India develop more with technology. I hope this helps. :)

Explanation:

Trade most directly affected technology in ancient India because trade helped in the bringing of new ideas, the development of new technologies, the stimulation of the innovation pattern, etc.

What was the significance of the trade in ancient India?

Ancient India was a prosperous country that drew many foreigners for trade, including the Dutch, Europeans, and Portuguese, who changed India in many ways by exchanging some of their culture with the Indians. Indian trade is linked to other parts of Asia, Europe, and so on via both water and trade routes, bringing new ideas for innovation and the economy.

Hence, trade most directly affected technology in ancient India because trade helped in the bringing of new ideas, the development of new technologies, the stimulation of the innovation pattern, etc.

Learn more about the significance of the trade here.

https://brainly.com/question/16077069

#SPJ6

PLEASE HELP QUICK


On the map above, which landform is Lake Victoria?

A.

letter A

B.

letter B

C.

letter C

D.

letter E

Answers

Answer:

letter b.

Explanation:

Answer:

letter b

Explanation:

big brains fam

PLEASE HELP- WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
In which of the following revolutions was Voltaire’s message most clearly reflected?

American
French
Haitian
Venezuelan

Answers

Answer:

French

Explanation:

It was the most "enlightened" of the 18th century, writer and philosopher.

Criminalist Cathy Richards is collecting evidence from the victim of a sexual assault. She places a sheet on the floor, asks the victim to disrobe, and places the clothing in a paper bag. After collecting pubic combings and pubic hair samples, she takes two vaginal swabs, which she allows to air-dry before packaging. Finally, Cathy collects blood, urine and scalp hair samples from the victim. What mistakes, if any, did she make in collecting this evidence

Answers

Answer:

Cathy should have collected scrapings from under the fingernails of the victim.

Explanation:

From the question we are informed about Criminalist Cathy Richards who was collecting evidence from the victim of a sexual assault. She places a sheet on the floor, asks the victim to disrobe, and places the clothing in a paper bag. After collecting pubic combings and pubic hair samples, she takes two vaginal swabs, which she allows to air-dry before packaging. Finally, Cathy collects blood, urine and scalp hair samples from the victim. In this case, Cathy supposed to have collected some scrapings from under the fingernails of the victim.

Fingernail evidence in crime scenes like raping can be collected using different methods such as scraping beneath the nail, swabbing beneath the nail, and clipping of the nail. Fingernail scrapings will help the criminalist to get some Minute particles of skin, hair as well as blood after the incident, and this will help during investigation and persecution of the criminal.

The chart indicates the education or training histories of three employees in the Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources career cluster.


Based on the degrees usually required by Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources, what are most likely the jobs held by these three employees?

Answers

Hello. You forgot the answer options. The options are:

Prisha is a Food Scientist, Amos is a Veterinarian, and Deliah is a Floral Designer.

Prisha is a Parts Salesperson, Amos is an Environmental Compliance Inspector, and Deliah is a Greenhouse Manager.

Prisha is a Park Worker, Amos is an Environmental Engineer, Deliah is a Zoologist.

Prisha is a Farm and Management Advisor, Amos is a Forester, and Deliah is an Equipment Operator.

Answer:

Prisha is a Farm and Management Advisor, Amos is a Forester, and Deliah is an Equipment Operator.

Explanation:

The professionals most needed for this area are those who know how to deal with all the resources related to agriculture and the management of agricultural resources and the environment in which these resources were then established. In addition, a professional who deals with forestry is required, being a forestry engineer who knows how to use and protect the aria's natural resources and a professional who deals with equipment, from repairs to optimizations.

Answer:

i'd say false?

Explanation:

Considering the fact that they distribute the food.

8. Which of the following is NOT a temperate climate?
A. Mediterranean
B. Marine West Coast
C. Tundra

Answers

Answer:

Marine west coast

Explanation:

Marine west coast

3. Select the reset button on the lab activity. Select the boy icon. Select the middle note located in the bottom right of the lab activity. Select the GO button. What happened to the pitch of the sound as the sound source moved past the observer? Record your observations.

Answers

Answer:

the pitch becomes higher

Explanation:

Why were the war games conducted? Check all that apply.
1 to identify the US Army’s best leaders
2 to test the US Army’s newest dive bombers
3 to gain experience planning and perfecting tank warfare
4 to practice battlefield supply procedures
5 to prepare soldiers to take part in the Blitzkrieg
6 to prepare for a possible attack on Pearl Harbor

Answers

Answer:

the answer is the first 4 a,b,c,d

Explanation:

i just took the test

Answer:

it is A,B,C,D

Explanation:

How do south and north Korea differ

Answers

Answer:

North Korea is in the North and South Korea is in the South

Explanation:

Answer:

The primary distinction between North Korea and South Korea is that North Korea has a socialist regime, whereas South Korea has a constitutional administration. North Korea and South Korea are the two nations on the Korean Peninsula.

Explanation:

How did the ""Old Money"" (landowners and aristocrats) feel about the ""New Money"" (factory and business owners)?

Answers

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Although there are no options required we can say the following.

How did the "Old Money" (landowners and aristocrats) feel about the "New Money" (factory and business owners)?

Well, it was not an easy process for aristocrats that were used to be the few that were considered powerful and wealthier. They could control and exert some influence in legislation.

But then it came the time when rich industrials started to have an important presence in the US economy and grow very powerful, We are talking about big industrial names like John D. Rockefeller with his Standard Oil Company and Andrew Carnegie of the US Steel Company.

Both those businessman, as well and Vanderbilt, they grew so much until they created monopolies during the Gilded Age.

As these men became very rich and powerful, aristocrats felt somehow threatened because they used to be the dominant ones. From then on, they were not. Industrials and businessmen started to have a larger presence in US politics and economics.

Suzanne is interested in understanding the relationship between hours spent watching t.v. and student grades in elementary school. What type of study might she perform

Answers

Answer:

More broadly, we hope that these studies will help us to develop a richer ... framework for understanding the role of these new kind of learning ... Establishing social relations in a collaborative virtual learning environment is as ... Students spent hundreds of hours in the crane schools for test-taking ... for seventh grade pupils.

The type of study that Suzanne may perform to observe the association between the time spent by the students in watching T.V. and their grades in school would be:

- Correlational study.

'Correlational study' is characterized as the research method that is non-experimental and it aims to study the association between two variables employing statistical analysis tool. In the given situation, Suzanne is willing to know the relation between the time spent on watching T.V. and the grades of the elementary school students or how one impacts the other.She is willing to know the relation between the variables by understanding and evaluating them authentically. Thus, a 'correlational study' would be the correct study method for her purpose.

Learn more about 'correlational study' here:

brainly.com/question/18829822

List the three models of power in America. In 250-350 words for each model, delineate the theory and give examples. Additionally, describe how each theory explains why unequal levels of power within society need to be maintained. Do you agree? why? Support your conclusions with research.

Answers

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

The three power models in America are:

The Pluralist model.

This model of power establishes that there are certain kinds of groups that have similar interests and they associate to form groups of power that exert some control in society and politics and want to open more spaces to favor their particular interests.

So as there are many groups that have their own interests, but at the same time these interests are different from the other groups, then power is divided into different groups. They legally form political associations, unions, political groups that hire lobbyists and try to negotiate with legislators to make laws that favor their interests.

The Elite Theory.

This theory established that power in a nation relies on the hands of few groups of people that are wealthy enough that it can control most part of the decisions in politics and the economy.

This small group could be aristocrats, businessmen, or political families that have been exerting their control in the past in a quite discrete way. They do not like to appear in mass media or be acknowledged as the ones in power. They prefer to be the men behind the curtain, influence all the decisions.

Other theory such as the social theory or the Marxist Theory, establish that power should be in the hands of people and there has to be not only one source of power but different ones that help to balance power and decisions in a society. These theories favor the incursion of common citizens to the political spheres to make decisions that really took the people's needs into consideration.

In Cuba, the blending of Catholicism and West African spiritual beliefs, is called Santeria? True or false

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Why do U think the author titled the chapter Jim Crow and the detested number ten

Answers

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Although there are no options attached, we can say the following.

I think the author titled the chapter "Jim Crow and the Detested Number Ten," because that was the number of seats reserved for white people, Just whites. These were the buses in Montgomery, Alabama.

Yes, believe it or not, just white people could seat in the first four rows.

These were the terrible times of the Jim Crow laws in the South. Black people had limited civil rights and had separated facilities from the facilities that white people used.

That is why the civil rights movement had to overcome many difficulties, as we can learn to form the civil rights fight from Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.



What are national identities?​

Answers

Answer:

a sense of a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive traditions, culture, and language.

Explanation:

You ask your friend if you can borrow her Madonna CD. She tells you no, and gives no explanation why. You conclude that your friend is selfish, not taking into consideration that she needs that CD for a class presentation. You have demonstrated the Group of answer choices fundamental attribution error. assumed-similarity bias. halo effect. self-serving bias.

Answers

The correct answer is A) fundamental attribution error.

You ask your friend if you can borrow her Madonna CD. She tells you no and gives no explanation why. You conclude that your friend is selfish, not taking into consideration that she needs that CD for a class presentation. You have demonstrated the fundamental attribution error.

When we talk about this fundamental attribution error, we mean that many times people have the tendency to attribute responses from other people to internal aspects such as the personality of the individual or if he/she likes us or not, when in reality the answer could be for external situations or environmental conditions.

When your friend told you she could not borrow her Madonna CD, it was not because she was selfish -as you thought- it was because she has a valid reason. She will need it for her class presentation.

So many times you think beyond what really is and often we could be wrong.

In this case, what was also needed was a reasonable explanation from your friend to understand the reason why she couldn't borrow her CD.  

The person is demonstrating fundamental attribution error, which is a type of bias in the external environment.

Fundamental attribution error states that a person may perceive the behavior or attitude of other person as bad due to non-consideration of circumstances of that person. Thus, the individual would form their opinion that the behavior observed is the actual personality of that person.

Similarly, in the above case, the environmental situation of Madonna was not being evaluated before coming to the conclusion of making her selfish.  

Learn more about fundamental attribution errors here:

https://brainly.com/question/15466443

Select the correct answer. Who coined the phrase "the survival of the fittest?
OA. Karl Man
OB. Auguste Comte
OC. Max Weber
OD.Herbert Spencer​

Answers

Answer:  OD. Herbert spencer

Explanation:  

Herbert Spencer's

Herbert Spencer's Principles of Biology (1864) first introduced the expression “survival of the fittest.”

Answer:

D. Herbert Spencer

Explanation:

Edge 2021

For the following four scenarios, identify whether the research design is Independent Groups (between subjects) or Repeated Measures (within subjects):
a. A bicyclist wants to know if a new composite wheel will lower the time taken to finish a riding course. Thirty bicyclists are randomly selected to ride their bikes on the riding course with their current wheels in place, and their time to finish the course is recorded. One week later the same 30 bicyclists return and ride the course again, however this time their wheels have been replaced with the new composite wheels. Once again, their finish times are recorded, and the two finish times are compared.
What is the research design? (1 Point):
b. A cognitive psychologist would like to examine the process of forgetting. A group of 20 participants are instructed to use rote rehearsal to study a list of words. Another group of 20 participants are instructed to use elaborative rehearsal to study the same list of words. A recall test is given 20 minutes after each participant has studied the list. What is the research design? (1 Point):
c. An educator would like to assess the effectiveness of a new instructional program for reading. A random sample of 30 students are selected and given a standardized reading test, and then they are given the new instructional program. After completing the instructional program, they are given the reading test again. What is the research design? (1 Point):
d. A researcher wants to examine the effects of caffeine on exam performance in college students. 100 students are randomly selected from various higher education institutions to participate in the study. 50 students are randomly assigned to consume 1 cup of coffee prior to taking a math exam, and the other 50 students are randomly assigned to drink only water before the exam. Afterwards the differences in exam scores are examined.
What is the research design? (1 Point):

Answers

Answer:

Identifying whether the research design is Independent Groups (between subjects) or Repeated Measures (within subjects):

a. Repeated Measures (within subjects)

b. Independent Groups (between subjects)

c. Repeated Measures (within subjects)

d. Independent Groups (between subjects)

Explanation:

The difference between Independent Groups (or between-subjects or between-groups) experimental design is that the independent group research design is where different participants are used in each condition of the independent variable so that each group tests only one of the conditions. On the other hand, the Repeated Measures (or Within-subjects or within-groups) study design is a research design where the same person or group tests all the conditions.

somebody cmere eat these 10 points rn

Answers

Answer:  D. “assaults on white women during past few months”

Explanation: I just go this question right.

An administrative agency's power to issue a subpoena to testify or to produce records __________________________. multiple choice violates the Bill of Rights is prohibited by Congressional laws regarding search and seizure is an attempt to gain information by compulsion and has been subsequently deemed illegal must be approved each time by Congress to be effective is granted by enabling statutes

Answers

Answer:

is granted by enabling statutes

Explanation:

Administrative subpoena is a document that requires certain people or institutions to testify or issue a statement in the middle of a criminal investigation. As it is an infringement of a person's right not to participate in this type of investigation, the administrative subpoena needs an enabling status to be issued. In this way, an administrative agency can issue the administrative subpoena, which is used mainly in investigations of fraud, abuse, tracking criminals, protection of the secret service, among others.

which act did the U.S congress pass in 1972 to protect the nation's water A .anti- pollution Act B .watershed protection Act C.nixon Act D.clean water act

Answers

Answer:

Legislative Branch

Explanation:

As his first act bringing In the 1970's, president Richard Nixon signed the U.S. Nafinal Environmental Policy act (NEPA) into law on New Year's Day, 1970.

Answer:

Clean water act

Explanation:

Growing public awareness and concern for controlling water pollution led to sweeping amendments in 1972. As amended in 1972, the law became commonly known as the Clean Water Act (CWA). The 1972 amendments: Established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the United States

Your welcome!!

what is the topic of starting small

Answers

Dude this is not English.

Don’t understand the question

clarify the concept of public services​

Answers

Answer:

Public services are the foundation of a fair and civilised society.

Explanation:

the other person copied and pasted from go'ogle

What did the Texas Declaration of Independence say?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

That declaration asked for Mexican statehood for Texas and vowed to make war until the Constitution of 1824, abrogated by the actions of President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, was restored

Answer:

Explanation:

The Texas Declaration of Independence says "the right of trial by jury, that palladium of civil liberty, and only safe guarantee for the life, liberty, and property of the citizen"

What Doctrine was created in 1823 forbiddening European
colonization or influence in North or South America?
A. Truman Doctrine
B. Roosevelt Corollary/Doctrine
C. Monroe Doctrine
D. Bush Doctrine

Answers

Answer:

the answer is C

Monroe Doctrine

A researcher submits a study to the IRB that proposes to evaluate a new after-school on-line tutoring program for middle-school students in a local school district examining the effect on student grades. She proposes to perform this assessment at the school that her children attend, because she is familiar with the school district. Students may use either their personal smartphone or computer to participate in the program. This study might be determined to be violating which principle of the Belmont Report? Respect for persons Beneficence Justice

Answers

Answer:

Justice.

Explanation:

The study violates the principle of justice since the researcher did not choose the study's subject right. The researcher should not select the students' population out of convenience. The researcher must analyze different factors that can affect the students in all the district before deciding where to perform the study. In this case, she did not distribute the benefits and the burdens of the study equally violating the mentioned principle.

How has Reconstruction
affected your life?
(Former slave)

Answers

Answer:

You may not feel safe after being freed. You will most likely have major trust issues, and have the feeling that you have to do everything.

• How do you compare and contrast the dialectic method Socratic method and scientific method as
methods of philosophizing?​

Answers

Answer:

hi bro

Explanation:

Please help I don’t know what the answer is

Answers

Answer:

The best awnser is B

Explanation:

I would say B is the best answer

How were the borders of many African countries established in the nineteenth century?

Answers

Answer:

Boarders were established through fighting and trade, by the mid nineteenth century almost 90% or Africa was under European rule.

Side note:

When in doubt assume white men fought and took over

Other Questions
I need help :ppppppppp Need help on those two please Write the equation of a rational function with a slant asymptote at y=2x+1 and vertical asymptote at x=0 when you tapped the stick on one end of the tape, did you see a wave thatformed and rolled down the line? Write your observations. would you rather buy a pair of pants that are loose or saggy?why Convert 6 months to years If Ralph rides the bus to work which is considered an inferior good/service. After Ralph applies for and accepts a new management job at twice his old salary he starts to make changes. Based on what you have learned about changes in income and consumer choices, what will most likely happen to Ralphs use of public transportation? Group of answer choices Ralph would discontinue riding the bus and switch to riding his bike. Ralph would discontinue riding the bus and purchase a car. It will decrease since Ralph will ask his boss if he can telework to avoid the long commute. Ralph would continue riding the bus. Need help ASAP Thanks+ BRAINLIST only for correct answers 4. Which of the following sets of EM radiation can harm your body cells?a. Gamma ray, microwaves, infraredb. Light, ultraviolet, x-rayc. Microwaves, ultraviolet, infraredd. Ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma ray Summarize the four steps to natural selection Read the claim.Which statement is the strongest counterclaim to theclaim?Claim. The suffragette-defaced penny is the mosthistorically significant object because it represents thetrue beginnings of women's fight for the vote.O The campaign for women's suffrage had actuallybegun with the Great Reform Act of 1832, longbefore the defaced penny was created.O Many other tactics, such as letter bombings andhunger strikes, were taking place at the same timethat the defaced penny was being circulated.O The extremely slow process of redefining the Britishpolitical nation began in the 1820s and took manydecades to fully unfold.O The defaced penny was not created until 1903, so itcould not possibly represent the true beginnings ofwomen's suffrage What are the four levels of organization in living things? a. cell, multicellular, organ, organ system b. single cell, multicellular, tissue, organ c. larger size, longer life, specialized cells, organs d. cell, tissue, organ, organ system Why are soft materials used in theaters and auditoriums? Help help help help help Hii please help me... If 7x7y=4 is a true equation, what would be the value of 5(7x7y) HELP PLZZZ I NEED AN ESSAY BOUT BLACK HISTORY MONTH your introduction to your Black History Month Essay will be about the meaning of family." In your own words, describe what the word "family" means to you. HELP PLEASE Which graph best represents the equation y= 2x what is the overall impact of sentence variety on the pacing of the essay pick one What is the correct meaning of the phrase drew a blank? Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.Which transitions show the correct relationships?Global Warming and Its CausesGlobal warming is a result of an increase in greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are released into the atmospheredeforestation and combustion of fossil fuels.Deforestation is a major contributor to global warming. Forests help to maintain the levels of oxygen in the air that make it possiblefor us to survive., there has been a surge in the levels of carbon dioxide in the airthe depletion of vaststretches of forests.other factors, such as the release of CFCs from refrigerators and pollutants from industries into theatmosphere, are also responsible for global warming,