PCR is a polymerase chain reaction and involves denaturation, annealing, and extension. PCR tube includes primers, DNA, Taq polymerase and water. The main advantages of PCR are the versatility to obtain a given DNA sequence amplified and bands in the agarose gel represent different samples.
What is the Polymerase Chain Reaction?The Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR is a technique widely used in molecular biology labs to amplify a given DNA sequence lesser than 1,300 base pairs, which involves successive cycles of denaturation to separate both DNA strands, annealing using oligonucleotides called primers and then the extension of the DNA sequence.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the Polymerase chain Reaction or PCR is a versatile technique to obtain genetic information of a given sample by using an agarose gel that separates samples after PCR by electrophoresis.
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Help please don’t understand this. Will give brainliest!
What are the three main differences between DNA and RNA?
Answer:
The three main differences between DNA and RNA are:
-DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded
-DNA is made up of deoxyribonucleotides, while RNA is made up of ribonucleotides
-DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose
Explanation:
The three main differences are :
1.RNA contains uracil while DNA contains thymine
2.RNA has sugar ribose while DNA has deoxyribose.
3.RNA is single stranded while DNA is double stranded .
What is the structure and function of DNA?
The organic components known as nucleic acids can be found in the form of DNA or RNA in all living things. These nitrogenous bases, sugar molecules, and phosphate groups are joined by various bonds in a series of sequences to form these nucleic acids. The fundamental genetic make-up of our body is defined by the DNA structure. In actuality, it describes the genetic composition of almost all life on earth. This holds true for viruses as well because the majority of these organisms have either RNA or DNA as part of their genetic makeup. As an illustration, some viruses may have DNA as their genetic material, while others may have RNA. RNA is present in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which after attaching to the host cell, transforms into DNA.
So, the DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded.
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What kind of sugar is in dna triose or Penros or hexose
Answer:
Deoxyribose
Explanation:
It has the same amount of sugar as ribose
Explain the relationship between cancer, cell cycle checkpoints, and
apoptosis.
Answer:
Checkpoints are mechanisms that regulate progression through the cell cycle ensuringinsuing that each step takes place only once and in the right sequence. Mutations of checkpoint proteins are frequent in all types of cancer as defects in cell cycle control can lead to genetic instability.
Explanation:
What is formed when tree cell walls are replaced by minerals?
O a coprolite
O a superposition
O a gastrolith
Opetrified wood
Petrified Wood is formed when tree cell walls are replaced by minerals.
Petrification is the outcome of the replacement of a tree or tree-like plant by stone during the mineralization process, which frequently also involves permineralization and replacement. Minerals have been used to mimic the biological components of cell walls.
what is mineralization process?
Through the process of mineralization, chemicals found in organic matter are oxidized or broken down into forms that are readily absorbed by plants. Earthworms and other members of the soil's microbiota, including fungi and bacteria, play a major role in the transformation of organic molecules in the soil.
When an inorganic substance precipitates in an organic matrix, it is called mineralization. Mineralization that occurs through biomineralization. Bone mineralization is an illustration of mineralization. Tissues that have experienced mineralization are referred to as mineralized tissues.
Therefore, Option D is correct.
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Violet flowers are the dominant trait and white flowers are they recessive trait .what would the phenotype be for a heterozygous flower?
a. violet
b. white
If two heterozygous flowers were to be crossed, what would be the phenotypes of the offspring
a. all white
b. all violet
c some violet, some white
Let us assume the condition that has been represented here:
Flower color is represented by the allele A.
Hence, the dominant violet color would be A, while the alternate white color would be represented by a.
From the above assumptions, a heterozygous violet flower would have the genotype Aa, while a white flower would have the genotype aa.
Now, crossing the two flowers:
Aa x aa
Aa Aa aa aa
From the results of the cross, the offspring's genotypes, phenotypes, and their respective probabilities would be as follows:
Aa - violet color - 1/2
aa - white flower color - 1/2
In order words, the cross will yield offspring with violet color flower (genotype, Aa) and white flower color (genotype, aa) each with 1/2 probability.
What is phenotype and genotype?Phenotype has been defined as the physical expression of the gene. Each gene in an individual that has been expressed or can be seen physically is what makes up the phenotype.
The term genotype has the genetic makeup of the individual i.e the genes responsible for the traits or character that has been expressed in an individual.
Therefore, Aa - violet color - 1/2
aa - white flower color - 1/2
In order words, the cross will yield offspring with violet color flower (genotype, Aa) and white flower color (genotype, aa) each with 1/2 probability.
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What happens in the process of gravitational condensation?
In the process of gravitational condensation, an object decreases in size due to the collision of materials.
When two materials collide, an object shrinks in size. Materials from solar nebulae are used to create gas particles. Materials from the solar nebula are converted into solid particles.
The force that pulls objects with mass toward the Earth and attracts them there is known as gravitational force. It should be understood that when heated water transforms from a liquid condition to a gaseous state, the size will decrease.
We observe that the cohesive forces of fluids that cause droplets to coalesce and bond together, as well as the quantum condensation of a BEC, are comparable to the effects of gravity on matter.
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3. As a result of meiosis, each of the daughter cells produced from the original cell... Group of answer choices
receives a few chromosomes from the original cell
receives an exact copy of all the chromosomes present in the original cell
donates a chromosome to the original cell
receives exactly half the chromosomes from the original cell
The result of meiosis is that each daughter cell produced from the original cell receives exactly half the chromosomes from the original cell (option D).
What is meiosis?Meiosis is the cell division of a diploid cell into four haploid cells, which develop to produce gametes or sex cells.
These cells are the gametes; sperms in males and egg in females. The process of meiosis is divided into 2 stages. Each stage is subdivided into several phases.
The meiotic process is called reduction division because it reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half.
For example, if the somatic cell of a dog posseses 78 chromosomes, this means that as a result of meiosis, the gametes of the dog will possess 39 chromosomes each.
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Can translation still occur without the start codon?
15 POINTS!!
The goal of MEIOSIS is to create:
Two identical somatic cells
Four unique sex cells
Four identical somatic cells
Two unique sex cells
A student conducts an investigation to show the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy in one phase of matter. What would the graph of this relationship look like?(1 point) Responses an S-shaped curve an S-shaped curve a diagonal line a diagonal line a horizontal line a horizontal line a U-shaped curve
The graph of this relationship looks like a horizontal line. In one phase of matter, the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy is exponential.
A substance's kinetic energy is directly proportional to its temperature. Since kinetic energy is the energy that a substance has as a result of its molecules moving, a substance's kinetic energy increases when it absorbs heat because its molecules move faster.
As a solid transforms into a liquid during a phase change, its temperature stays constant because the heat energy is converted to potential energy. Similar to this, when heat is given to a liquid, the temperature rises as the molecules, once more, move more quickly.
Freezing describes the transition from a liquid to a solid state. Its particles decelerate down and become closer together as a result.
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Answer:
horizontal line
Explanation:
Another type of digestion in the stomach produces physical changes. Describe the actions of the stomach that lead to these physical changes.
Answer:
When food is physically changed, mechanical digestion occurs. Food is broken into smaller parts and mixes continually with enzymes and other gastric juices. Mechanical digestion occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. Food is chemically changed in digestion when new, smaller substances are formed. These chemical changes are examples of chemical digestion. Chemical digestion begins in the mouth when enzymes in saliva begin to break down carbohydrates. Most chemical changes in digestion occur in the small intestine. Large molecules of food are broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by our cells. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down in different parts of the digestive system using different kinds of enzymes. Different kinds of small molecules are formed by these processes.
Explanation:
Hope this helped answer you'r question
. Is it true that animals can cause physical weathering? Explain
your whether your answer is yes or no.
A semipermeable membrane has a 4 percent salt solution on the right side and a 12 percent salt solution on the left side. What will most likely occur?
A. osmosis of water from the right to the left
B. passive transport of sale from the right to the left
C. osmosis of water from the left to the right
D. facilitated diffusion of salt from the left to the right
Water will flow from the right side of the plasma membrane to the left side of the membrane due to osmosis. Hence, the correct answer is option A.
How do molecules move across the cell membrane?The molecules move across the cell membrane. Water moves from high concentrations to low concentrations by osmosis. Here, the left side has a 12% salt solution. Out of 100, the salt concentration is 12. The right side has 4%. Out of 100 parts, 4 parts of salt are present. The water concentration is higher on the right side (96 parts ). Hence, the water will move from the right side to the left side by the process of osmosis.
Hence, option A is the correct answer.
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Type your response in the box.
Cells transport molecules into the cell in many different ways. One method is through endocytosis, shown in the model. In endocytosis, the cell brings specific molecules it needs, including fluid, into the cell. Why does the structure of the plasma membrane make this type of transport necessary for fluids?
The structure of the plasma membrane make this type of transport necessary for fluids because while the heads of the phospholipid structure attract water, the tails are hydrophobic. The model depicts how the hydrophilic section folds around the fluid molecules to bring them into the cell so they do not need to pass through the hydrophobic tails.
What is the plasma membrane?The plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of all cells from the outside environment.
The plasma membrane also known as the cell membrane has the following function:
provides protection for a cell. It also provides a fixed environment inside the cell, and that membrane has several different functions. One is to transport nutrients into the cell and also to transport toxic substances out of the cell.Learn more about the plasma membrane at: https://brainly.com/question/1873225
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Using the terms solar radiation and terrestrial radiation, explain the heating of the earth by the
sun.
Solar power is referred to as solar radiation. The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth is referred to as insolation. The radiation that the planet emits is known as terrestrial radiation.
How does the earth's atmosphere maintain its temperature?A tiny amount of radiation from the Earth's surface and the warmed upper atmosphere both radiate into space. The majority of the longwave radiation produced warms the lower atmosphere, which then warms the surface of our planet.
Does terrestrial radiation heat the atmosphere effectively?Therefore, long wave terrestrial radiation is primarily responsible for warming the atmosphere. The majority of the energy that reaches the earth's surface is in short wavelengths. Incoming solar radiation, often known as insolation, is the name for the energy that the earth receives from the sun.
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Write a scientific explanation about how different organisms compare throughout development.
Due to the fact that some homologous components can only be observed during embryonic development, embryology was crucial to understanding how a species has evolved.
The discipline of comparative anatomy known as embryology examines how vertebrate animals grow before giving birth or hatching. Similarities between embryos and adults can be evidence of shared ancestry. For instance, as seen in the figure below, all vertebrate embryos possess tails as well as gill slits.
The embryological stages of several creatures are very similar, pointing to shared ancestry.
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Which sentence best describes how most ATP is produced during cellular
respiration?
A. ATP synthase uses kinetic energy to join ADP molecules with
phosphate groups.
B. The electron transport chain causes hydrogen ions to move into
the intermembrane space.
C. Twice as much ATP is made during glycolysis than is used to split
glucose.
D. Glycolysis uses ATP to split one glucose molecule into two
pyruvate molecules.
Answer:
Explanation:A. ATP synthase uses kinetic energy to join ADP molecules withphosphate groups.
What is the definition of epistasis?
Genetics entails a phenomenon, epistasis wherein the impact of a gene mutation depends on the absence or presence of mutations in one or more other genes referred to as modifier genes.
As a result, epistatic mutations behave differently when they occur alone than when they do together. Particularly, epistasis is used to show that other genes can obscure the effects of gene variants.
It has been determined that understanding gene interactions, also known as epistasis, is crucial to understanding the function of genetic pathways, their structure, and the evolutionary dynamics of complex genetic systems. With the advent of high output functional genomics and the development of system techniques in the area of biology, there is a renewed acceptance for both the importance of investigating gene interactions and to address concerns in a coordinated quantitative fashion. The recently found cognition, which links the genetic underpinnings of evolution to specific molecular modifications, joins this.
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How does the corrigated cardboard digestive/circulatory system work
The circulatory system maintains blood flow throughout the body, while the digestive system is in charge of the ingestion, breakdown, absorption, and excretion of nutrients and minerals.
The human body has numerous systems, each of which is in charge of a certain function, and they all work together to provide the necessities for life. To make sure the body gets all it needs to keep working, many of these systems must communicate with one another. The digestive system and the circulatory system are two of these systems. Doing so guarantees that each portion of the body receives the essentials for function. Both methods work together to provide nourishment to the many-body sections.
So, we may say that the circulatory system maintains blood flow throughout the body. In contrast, the digestive system is responsible for the ingestion, breakdown, uptake, and elimination of nutrients and minerals.
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please help me asap
The inputs of cellular respiration are food molecules such as glucose and oxygen, while the outputs include ATP and carbon dioxide.
What is the process of cellular respiration?The process of cellular respiration makes reference to all series of metabolic steps required to transform foods into ATP by using aerobic pathways, which requires oxygen as an electron acceptor during the electron transport chain in the oxidative phosphorylation stage.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the process of cellular respiration requires glucose and oxygen as inputs, while outputs include ATP (the energy coin of cells) and carbon dioxide.
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What would happen if a group of cells in an organism suddenly began dividing at a higher rate?
Could this become problematic for the organism? Why?
can someone give me Biodiversity project ideas for my project?
Answer: Water would keep the population at 1,000 armadillos. In this case, water is the limiting factor.
Explanation:
What part is unique to the kingdom Monera?(1 point)
Responses
Nucleus
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
DNA
DNA
Nucleoid
ribosomes is unique to the Monera
Where is the green florescence gene added in the plasmid? Why?
The place that the green florescence gene can be added in the plasmid is that the promoter of a gene from another organism can be placed downstream of the GFP gene.
What is the GFP about?
Most green florescence gene fusion proteins are created by attaching GFP to the host protein's N- or C-terminus. However, some host proteins may lose their functionality as a result of this. As an alternative, GFP can be inserted into the host protein's midsection.
Note that from the modification of DNA to the expression of a protein to the detection of a trait, the GFP expressed from the pGLO plasmid exemplifies the fundamental principles of biology. Only the cloned GFP glows out of the hundreds of proteins in the bacterial proteome.
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Cross a YyLl (heterozygous parent with dominant traits) with yyll (homozygous parent with recessive traits). Look at the number of genotypes of the F1 generation:
YyLl: 400
Yyll: 100
yyLl: 100
yyll: 400
1. Which offspring are the recombinant offspring in this cross?
The parents here are YyLl (heterozygous parent with dominant traits) with yyll (homozygous parent with recessive traits). The recombinant species are yyLl: 100 and Yyll: 100.
What is the dominant and recessive genotype ?The genetic expression that expresses itself are the genetic traits that get expressed in the individual whereas the one that do not are called as recessive genotype.
Here, YyLl is the heterozygous dominant species where Y represents the dominant trait over y and T represents the dominant trait over t. The traits are presented both as dominant and the recessive parents is yytt.
Recombinant species will show traits that are both mixed where the heterozygous dominant and the recessive traits gene will express itself and these are Yyll: 100 and yyLl: 100.
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HELP ME PLEASE I NEED THIS BY TMR !!!!
Answer:
AUG GUC AGU CCA CCU GCU CAU UAA
Programs for seven amino acids, the last one is a stop codon.
I think there's 24 nucleotides but like I haven't learned biology in so long so sorry if this is wrong.
Explanation:
Weather
What happens in a low-pressure system? (1 point)
O The wind has less intensity.
O The sky is clear.
O There is no precipitation.
Temperature changes.
In a low-pressure system, the temperature changes.
Pressure in the environment is the force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to the Earth. In scientific terms, pressure can be defined as the force exerted on a surface per unit area. The atmospheric pressure is also known by the name barometric pressure.
Temperature is the measure of the hotness of coldness of the environment. The units used to measure the temperature are Celsius, Kelvin and Fahrenheit. Temperature and pressure are directly proportional and hence in low pressure system, the temperature will also be low.
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Humans have one of four blood types: A, B, AB, or O. Explain what determines a person’s blood type. What antigens are on the blood cells in a person with each of these blood types? What antibodies are in the blood of a person with each of these blood types?
Answer:
Human gene I (isohaemagglutinin) has three allelic forms: Iᴬ, Iᴮ, and i. Iᴬ produces type A antigens on the red blood cells. Iᴮ produces type B antigens. i which is a recessive allele does not produce any antigen.
Human blood type is determined by antigens on the red blood cells and exists as four possible phenotypes: A, B, AB, & O. Blood group A (IᴬIᴬ or Iᴬi) has A antigens on the red blood cells with anti-B antibodies in the blood plasma.Blood group B (IᴮIᴮ or Iᴮi) has B antigens on the red blood cells with anti-A antibodies in the blood plasma.Blood group O (ii) has no antigens on the red blood cells but has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the blood plasma.Blood group AB (IᴬIᴮ) has both A and B antigens on the red blood cells but no antibodies in the blood plasma.What is meant by logistic growth?
Logistic growth takes place when a population's per capita growth rate decreases as population size approach a maximum imposed by limited resources, the carrying capacity( K).
What happens during logistic growth?
When resources are limited, populations exhibit logistic growth. In logistic growth, population expansion decreases as resources become scarce, leveling off when the carrying capacity of the environment is reached, resulting in an S-shaped curve.
Is Human growth exponential or logistic?
The world's human population is growing at an exponential rate.
What is logistic growth used for?
The logistic function models the exponential growth of a population but also considers factors like the carrying capacity of the land.
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