The nurse is assessing a female client with peptic ulcer disease (pud). The findings would require immediate follow-up will be dry mucous membranes.
The bacteria Helicobacter pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are frequently to blame (NSAIDs) and casue peptic ulcer disease. Additional, less common causes include smoking, stress brought on by other severe medical conditions, Behçet's illness, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Crohn's disease, and liver cirrhosis. People who are older are more susceptible to the side effects of NSAIDs that can result in ulcers. The diagnosis is typically made based on the symptoms present, and it is then verified during an endoscopy or barium swallow. Blood testing for antibodies, urea breath tests, stool tests for bacterium evidence, or stomach biopsies can all be used to determine the presence of H. pylori. Additional conditions that elicit similar symptoms include gallbladder inflammation, stomach lining inflammation, coronary heart disease, and stomach inflammation.
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a client with a fractured femur is in balanced suspension traction. the client needs to be repositioned toward the head of the bed. during repositioning, what should the nurse do?
Maintain consistent traction tension while repositioning. a client with a fractured femur is in balanced suspension traction. the client needs to be repositioned toward the head of the bed.
Skin traction is frequently used to treat fractured femur before ultimate surgical treatment. For some femur fractures, a pin must be inserted into the child's broken bone and connected to the weights.The term "balanced skeletal traction" describes this. The weights maintain the bones' structural integrity so that they can mend properly. Your kid can be in traction for three to four weeks. When repositioning more force needs to be used on the afflicted region, it is also the method of choice. Since the repositioning is exerted directly traction on the bone, additional weight may be added with a reduced danger of harming the nearby soft tissues.
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mpaired and delayed healing in a person with diabetes is caused by long-term complications that include:
Disturbances and delays in recovery in diabetics are caused by several complications, namely kidney damage, eye disorders, nerve damage, and cardiovascular disease.
What is diabetes?Diabetes Mellitus (DM) occurs as a result of an unhealthy lifestyle which causes accumulation of sugar levels in the blood and is above the normal threshold which is chronic and long term.
Symptoms of diabetes are:
Frequently feeling thirsty or very hungryFrequent urination, especially at nightWeight loss for no apparent reasonDecreased muscle massBlurred visionUrine contains ketonesHigh levels of sugar in the body can cause complications in other organs of the body.
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according to the association of schools of public health, competencies in epidemiology to be achieved by master of public health degree candidates in public health include:
evaluating the strengths and limitations of epidemiologic reports, calculating basic measures, communicating epi. info (ALL OF THE ABOVE). according to the association of schools of public health, competencies in epidemiology to be achieved by master of public health degree candidates in public health include:
Epidemiology is defined as the scientific, methodical, and data-driven study of the occurrence, pattern, and determinants of health-related states and events (not only illnesses) in particular populations (neighborhood, school, city, state, country, global). To research health concerns, epidemiologists gather and examine data. To identify populations at high risk for a specific disease, an epidemiologist can, for instance, examine demographic data. To find successful medicines, they may also look at trends in communities of people who have survived particular diseases, like cancer. This family comprises of encapsulated viruses with segmented negative-sense single-strand RNA as their genome.
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the nurse is collecting initial data on a newborn in the delivery room. which observations would the nurse expect to note in a healthy newborn? select all that apply.
The observation that the nurse expect to note in a healthy newborn would be:
Respiratory rate of 40 breaths/minute andThree umbilical cord vessel, two arteries and one vein.That is option 4 and 5.
Who is a healthy newborn?A healthy newborn is defined as the baby that is born with the normal weight of 3.0 to 3.5kg and I'd being delivered within 37 and 40 weeks of gestation.
The anatomical and physiological observations that can be found in a healthy newborn include the following:
Respiratory rate of 40 breaths/minute; The increased breath pre minute in infants is observed because of the leftover fluid in the lungs.Three umbilical cord vessel, two arteries and one vein.Learn more about respiratory rate here:
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Complete question:
The nurse is collecting initial data on a newborn in the delivery room. Which observations should the nurse expect to note in a healthy newborn? Select all that apply.
1.
Sunken anterior fontanel
2.
Appearance of facial jaundice
3.
Heart rate of 80 beats per minute
4.
Respiratory rate of 40 breaths/minute
5.
Three umbilical cord vessel, two arteries and one vein
the flacc pain scale is used to assess pain in a 2-month-old to 7 years old child. what categories does it assess?
The flacc pain scale assesses five categories in children ages 2 months to 7 years old: facial expression, leg movement, activity, cry, and consolability.
What is a Flacc pain scale?
The Flacc pain scale is a 5-point scale used to measure pain intensity in children ages 2–7 years old who are unable to self-report their pain. It assesses pain behavior and facial expression in response to pain. It is often used in hospitals, clinics, and home settings to assess pain in children who cannot communicate their pain using words.
For example, facial expressions such as frowning, grimacing, or squinting may indicate that the child is in pain. Leg movement, such as kicking or tensing the legs, can also be an indicator of pain.
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an obese adult with premature arteriosclerosis is seen in the clinic. when her serum is tested no chylomicrons are present, ldl levels are normal, and vldl levels are increased. there is an increase in triglycerides and a slight increase in cholesterol. lipoprotein electrophoresis reveals a heavy pre-beta band. she has no skin rash and uric acid is increased. this patient most likely has what type of hyperlipoproteinemia?
Answer:
Type IV
Explanation:
The patient has high triglycerides and increased VLDL, both of which are symptoms of type IV hyperlipoproteinemia.
we study three types of immune disorders: immunodeficiency disorders, autoimmune disorders, and allergies. aids is an example of an immunodeficiency disorder. how is it different from a severe allergy or an autoimmune disorder, such as type 1 diabetes?
Immunodeficiency is the inability of your immune system to effectively fight off infection. The opposing syndrome autoimmune reaction is an overactive immune system that targets healthy cells as though they were foreign objects.
An immune system issue occurs when your immune system isn't functioning properly. The most prevalent immunodeficiency disorder is acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). can hinder the production of healthy white blood cells, which are necessary for the immune system. The body assaults typical, healthy tissues when someone has an autoimmune disorder. The combination of a person's genes and an environmental factor most likely causes those genes to be activated. Type1 diabetes:The cells in the pancreas that produce insulin are attacked by the immune system. In order to utilise sugar as fuel, insulin removes it from the blood.
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a nurse is developing a plan of care for a client, hospitalized with heart failure, who has a history of parkinson disease and is taking benztropine mesylate (cogentin) daily. which intervention does the nurse identify as a priority in the plan?
For a client who is hospitalized with heart failure, has a history of Parkinson's disease, and takes benztropine mesylate (cogentin) daily, a nurse is creating a plan of care. The nurse names the checkup intervention as a top priority in the plan.
Instruct the patient to report any additional uncomfortable side effects, such as a severe or persistent headache, eyesight issues, a reduction in sweating, urine issues (hesitancy, retention), or gastrointestinal issues (nausea, constipation, dry mouth).In order to adjust your dosage and look for any side effects, it is crucial that your doctor regularly assess your progress. Dizziness, difficulty regulating one's movements, problems thinking or seeing properly are all potential side effects of benztropine.
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what statement indicates the patient needs more teaching about administering sumatriptan subcutaneously?
the statement indicating that the patient needed information about subcutaneous sumatriptan administration was " After taking this drug, there will definitely not be migrants again."
What is sumatriptan?Sumatriptan is a drug to treat attacks of one-sided headaches (migraines). In addition, injectable sumatriptan can also be used to treat cluster headaches. This drug is used to relieve symptoms and cannot prevent migraines or cluster headaches.
Although the exact cause of migraines is not known, it is thought that this condition occurs when serotonin levels decrease and temporary changes occur in blood vessels and nerve cells. This medication is intended to relieve migraine symptoms and not to prevent migraines from occurring.
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as a reaction to the increasing rate of the birth of children with neural tube defects in the u.s., the fda instituted a fortification program for all grain and cereal products in conjunction with public health programs. which additional vitamin was added to these foods?
Folate. It is a B-vitamin that is found in numerous foods naturally. To create DNA . your body needs folate. Additionally, folate is required by your body for cell division. a kind of folate known as folic acid.
What impacts the body does folate have?Folate participates in protein metabolism and aids in the formation of DNA and RNA. It is essential for the breakdown of homocysteine, an amino acid that, in excessive concentrations, can have negative effects on the body.
Why is folic acid so crucial to the development of the fetus?Folic acid helps create the neural tube during the early stages of pregnancy when the fetus is developing. Because it can help avoid some serious birth abnormalities, folic acid is crucial.
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a 10-year-old boy is taking dextroamphetamine (dexedrine) daily for adhd. at each clinic visit, the nurse must assess the child. the priority assessment since he is on this medication would be which?
A 10-year-old boy is taking dextroamphetamine (dexedrine) daily for ADHD is medicated for height and weight.
Antibiotics that enter the cell are expelled by bacteria via pumps that are implanted in their cell walls. Some Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria have been known to expel fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim from their bodies.
Since viruses lack metabolic activity, they lack the targets that antibiotics link to. Viruses must be treated instead using antiviral medications that focus on certain stages of the viral replication cycle.
Drug resistance is accelerated by antibiotic overuse, abuse, and inadequate infection control.
Antibiotic resistance does not develop in your body. False. Antibiotics that formerly worked to treat germs no longer do so because they evolve. The term for this is antibiotic resistance.
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which interventions would be implemented by a nurse caring for a community- dwelling older adult who is suffering
The nurse should encourage real-world reinforcement activities.
A safe environment should be provided by the nurse.
Personal hygiene should be assisted by the nurse.
What is the meaning of nursing intervention?
The actions a nurse takes to implement their patient care goals, such as any treatments, procedures, or learning opportunities aimed to improve the patient's comfort and health, are known as nursing interventions.
What are some examples of nursing interventions?
Nursing interventions can include things like discharge planning, education, emotional support, self-care, and oral care, monitoring fluid intake and output, ambulation, meal preparation, and general condition monitoring.
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I understand that the question you are looking for is:
The nurse is caring for a community-dwelling older adult who is suffering from confusion. Which are the best nursing interventions in this situation? Select all that apply.
A data analyst is working with a file from a customer satisfaction survey. The survey was sent to anyone who became a customer between April and June, 2020. Which of the following is an effective name for the file?
-Survey_Responses
-April_May_June_2020_Responses_to_New_Customer_Survey_ANALYS-SDATA_928310
-Apr-June2020_CustSurvey_V
-NewCustomerSurvey_2020-6-20_V03
-NewCustomerSurvey_2020-6-20_V03
The survey was sent to anyone who became a customer between April and June, 2020 and NewCustomerSurvey_2020-6-20_V03 is an effective name for the file.
A customer satisfaction survey may be a form designed to assist businesses perceive what their customers trust their product or services, their whole, and their client support. customer Satisfaction Score (CSAT) is that the most typically used mensuration for client satisfaction.
A data analyst reviews data to spot key insights into a business's customers and ways that the info will be wont to solve issues. They additionally communicate this info to company leadership and alternative stakeholders.
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A nursing student is reviewing signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Which of the following should she include on her list? Select all that apply.
-Weight loss
-Tachycardia
-Lethargy
-Tremors
-Cold intolerance
Weight loss, tachycardia, tremors are the symptoms the student will have for hyperthyroidism.
What is hyperthyroidism?When the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, hyperthyroidism results.
This issue is also known as an overactive thyroid. The body's metabolism is accelerated by hyperthyroidism. This can result in a variety of symptoms, including weight loss, hand tremors, and an erratic or rapid heartbeat.
There are numerous therapies for hyperthyroidism. The thyroid gland can produce fewer hormones by using radioiodine and anti-thyroid medications.
Surgery to remove all or a portion of the thyroid gland may be used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
Depending on the underlying cause, hyperthyroidism may occasionally go better on its own without medication or other treatments.
It is more common for older persons to experience symptoms that are difficult to recognize.
An irregular heartbeat, weight loss, depression, and feeling weak or exhausted during routine activities are a few examples of these symptoms.
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average blood pressure is 120/80, but blood pressure readings can range much higher or lower. typically someone is diagnosed with hypertension--high blood pressure--only when the blood pressure values are 140/90 or higher. however, any value greater than 120/80 increases the patient's risk of heart attack or stroke. finding that people have blood pressure values across the full range of the normal curve is consistent with . group of answer choices continual classification categorical classification medical classification dimensional classification
Average blood pressure is 120/80, but blood pressure readings can range much higher or lower. typically someone is diagnosed with hypertension--high blood pressure--only when the blood pressure values are 140/90 or higher.
however, any value greater than 120/80 increases the patient's risk of heart attack or stroke. finding that people have blood pressure values across the full range of the normal curve is consistent with dimensional classification .
Blood pressure is the force exerted by your blood on the walls of your arteries. Every time your heart beats, blood is pumped into your arteries. When your heart beats and pumps blood,
your blood pressure is at its greatest. This is referred to as systolic pressure. Your blood pressure drops when your heart is at rest, between beats. This is known as diastolic pressure.
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which type of eye disorder will the nurse expect to read in the electronic medical record of a client who has increased blood pressure severe myopia
The nurse will expect Glaucoma in the electronic medical record of a client who has increased blood pressure and severe myopia.
Glaucoma is commonly caused by associated diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and severe myopia. As a result, a client with all of these ailments is more likely to develop glaucoma.
Glaucoma is a common eye condition caused by damage to the optic nerve, which links the eye to the brain. It is generally triggered by fluid accumulation in the front of the eye, which raises intraocular pressure. Glaucoma can cause vision loss if it is not detected and treated early.
Blurred vision or noticing rainbow-colored circles all over bright lights can be symptoms of glaucoma. Usually, both eyes are affected. The treatment for glaucoma will be determined by your symptoms. It may consist of eyedrops, laser treatment, or surgery. Your age, ethnicity, family history, and certain medical conditions can all increase your risk of developing glaucoma.
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the nurse in charge of an inpatient psychiatric unit is frustrated and angry with a client who has borderline personality disorder. which steps should the nurse take?
The first thing the nurse does when working with a client who suffers from borderline personality disorder is to examine her feelings to determine what made her angry.
A borderline personality disorder is a psychological condition that affects how you feel and think about yourself and other people, making it difficult to carry out daily tasks. Issues with one's self-image, trouble controlling one's emotions and conduct, and history of rocky relationships are all included.
Borderline personality disorder patients may go through severe mood fluctuations and struggle with their self-image. They can abruptly go from intense intimacy to intense hatred of others. Instable relationships and emotional suffering can result from these shifting emotions.
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The question is -
The nurse in charge of an inpatient psychiatric unit is frustrated and angry with a client who has a borderline personality disorder. Which steps should the nurse take?
Examine the nurse's feelings to discover the source of the nurse's anger.Direct the client to another staff member when the client tries to interact.Confront the client firmly but compassionately about how the client's behavior makes the nurse feel.Ignore the feelings and move on from the client.a nature photographer will be embarking on a trip overseas and is beginning a protocol for malaria prophylaxis involving 500 mg of chloroquine phosphate. what instruction should the nurse include in this client's health education?
a protocol for malaria prophylaxis involving 500 mg of chloroquine phosphate. "Make sure you take your pill on the same day each week." the nurse should include in this client's health education.
An antimalarial drug called chloroquine phosphate, usually referred to as chloroquine, has been licensed in the United States for the prevention or treatment of specific kinds of malaria as well as the management of extraintestinal parasites. All parasites that are susceptible to chloroquine should be treated with it. To be swallowed whole, chloroquine phosphate is available as a tablet. Adults typically take one dosage once each week on the same day of the week to avoid malaria. pills you should take for each dose will be specified by your doctor.
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The health care provider prescribes a progressive exercise program that includes walking for a client with a history of diminished arterial perfusion to the lower extremities. The nurse explains to the client that if leg cramps occur while walking, the client should:
1. Take one aspirin (ASA) twice a day
2. Stop to rest until the pain resolves
3. Walk more slowly while pain is present
4. Take one nitroglycerin tablet sublingually
Option 3, progressive exercise program that includes walking for a client with a history of diminished arterial perfusion to the lower extremities. The nurse explains to the client that if leg cramps occur while walking, the client should: Walk more slowly while pain is present
A person participating in an exercise program walks until they experience claudication, rests, and then continues walking a short distance. Resting will arterial perfusion lessen the need for oxygen, which will ease the pain. Taking aspirin or not, pain won't go away as long as activity, and the resulting muscular hypoxia, is ongoing. If there is discomfort, walking more slowly is advised for venous insufficiency rather than arterial insufficiency. Nitroglycerin sublingual is not advised for leg cramps.
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what is an important reason why the second exposure to an allergen typically produces a much stronger allergic response than the first exposure?
The second encounter to an allergen often results in a significantly larger anaphylactic reaction compared to the initial exposure because repeated exposures may cause more severe reactions.
What does it mean to be allergic?When you experience allergies, your immune system creates antibodies that classify a particular allergen as dangerous despite the fact that it isn't. Your immune system's response when you come into contact with the allergen may cause inflammation in your skin, sinus, airways, or digestive tract.
How are allergies treated?There is no cure for allergies as of right now. There are, however, both over there and prescription medications that may lessen symptoms. Effective ways to stop allergic reactions include avoiding or limiting exposure to allergy triggers. The length of allergy reactions may eventually be shortened by immunotherapy.
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somatrem is administered to a client with pituitary dwarfism. which is the expected therapeutic effect of this medication?
Somatrem is a growth hormone. Thus if it is administered to a client with pituitary dwarfism then it is to stimulate growth.
Somatrem, a recombinant growth hormone, is used to treat Turner's disease, chronic renal failure, small stature for gestational age, and interrupted growth in children with growth hormone insufficiency or deficit. The most essential thing is that your child will grow, most likely 1 to 2 inches within the first 6 months of commencing treatment, even if it frequently takes 3 to 6 months to detect any changes in height.
The body uses somatropin to metabolize protein, retain lean muscle mass, burn calories, and burn fat. Furthermore, it promotes IGF-1 secretion (insulin-like growth factor-1). Somatropin shouldn't be used by Prader-Willi individuals who are extremely obese, have a history of sleep apnea or upper airway obstruction, or have severe respiratory impairment.
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a nurse has administered estrogen and phenytoin to a client. which reaction should the nurse plan to monitor the client carefully for?
A nurse has administered estrogen and phenytoin to a client. The possibility of breakthrough bleeding is a reaction should the nurse plan to monitor the client carefully for.
Why is estrogen the most important hormone?
The growth and functioning of the sexual organs might be hampered by low estrogen levels. Additionally, they can raise your risk for cardiovascular disease, obesity, and osteoporosis. The effectiveness of treatments has increased with time.
What are the three main functions of estrogen?
Ovaries: Estrogen encourages the development of the egg follicle.
Vagina: Estrogen provides lubrication and maintains the vaginal wall's thickness.
Uterus: Estrogen improves and keeps the mucous membrane lining the uterus healthy.
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the nurse is caring for a child brought to the emergency department after an animal bite. which action will the nurse perform first?
Ask if the animal was provoked prior to the bite when the nurse is caring for a child brought to the emergency department after an animal bite.
Postexposure immunization with an inactive vaccine is part of the therapy for an animal bite that may have rabies. The only vaccine should be administered to those who have already received a rabies vaccination or are receiving one as a preventative measure. Rarely emergency department have for the children for special care symptoms including headaches, nausea, cramps in the stomach, and dizziness been recorded. The animal bite of immune globulin may be followed by localized discomfort and a low-grade fever. treating child with additional care to help his/her to feel good.
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which assessment finding supports the diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a client iwth schizophrenia being treated with haloperidol
NMS is characterized by muscular rigidity, tremors, difficulty swallowing, fever, hypertension, and diaphoresis which are effects of the use of neuroleptic agents like the haloperidol drug used to treat schizophrenia.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), a potentially lethal idiosyncratic reaction characterized by fever, altered mental status, muscle rigidity, and autonomic dysfunction, can be brought on by antipsychotic treatment. The neuroleptic malignant syndrome is characterized by an extremely high fever (102 to 104 degrees F), an irregular pulse, an accelerated heartbeat (tachycardia), an increased rate of breathing (tachypnea), muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system leading to high or low blood pressure, profuse perspiration, and excessive sweating. During a nursing assessment, a patient with the neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is most likely to display symptoms including hyperpyrexia, severe hypertension, and diaphoresis. Fever, hypertension, and diaphoresis—the three basic symptoms of NMS—should be addressed straight away.
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which food would the nurse encourage a client to eat while receiving treatment to prevent hypokalemia
The nurse encourage a client to eat while receiving treatment to prevent hypokalemia is Increased Potassium Intake.
Potassium is present in a variety of vegetables, such as spinach, potatoes, tomatoes, broccoli, beets, carrots, and squash. Kiwis, mangoes, oranges, bananas, and cantaloupe are among fruits that are high in potassium. Additionally high in potassium are red meats.
Additionally rich in nutrients include kidney beans, soybeans, lentils, whole-wheat bread, egg yolks, spinach, kale, turnip tops, beet greens, carrots, raisins, and apricots. An at-risk client for hypokalemia receives nursing advice on the best potassium-rich meals to eat everyday.
Low-residue diets are soft, easily digestible, and fiber-free. Processed meals with a hard membrane and a high sodium and fat content, like salami, should be avoided.
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a client is taking masculinizing hormone therapy. what education will the nurse provide regarding masculinizing hormone therapy and the cessation of menses?
A client is taking masculinizing hormone therapy, and the nurse should educate the patient regarding masculinizing hormone therapy and the cessation of menses and in such cases, the menstrual cycle will terminate.
What is masculinizing hormone therapy?Masculinizing hormone therapy is a kind of treatment that is given to patients to convert them to male with the help of different hormones, such as the male hormone testosterone. Here, the female hormone will stop working because the patient has more male hormone, which is testosterone, and the ovarian cycle will terminate. person with a gender identity issue, go for it, but it has many critical phases.
Hence, the nurse should educate the patient regarding masculinizing hormone therapy and the cessation of menses. In such cases, the menstrual cycle will terminate.
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a critically ill client is being treated with desmopressin. when reviewing the diagnostic and laboratory findings of a client prescribed desmopressin, the nurse should prioritize what values? select all that apply.
When reviewing the diagnostic and laboratory findings of a client-prescribed desmopressin, the nurse should prioritize what values sodium and potassium values.
Desmopressin can increase sodium levels and decrease potassium levels, so it is important to monitor these values to ensure they are within normal limits. Monitoring electrolytes is especially important in patients with conditions such as diabetes insipidus, which is the primary indication for desmopressin.
Monitoring electrolytes helps to ensure that the patient is not experiencing any adverse effects of the medication and is responding to treatment appropriately.
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which of the following disease states may require a fluid restriction? a.obesity b.heart failure c.myocardial infarction d.asthma
The heart's ability to pump blood cannot keep up with the body's requirements when it has congestive heart failure. Blood starts to back up as the heart becomes weaker, pushing liquid past the capillary walls.
Congestive refers to the consequent accumulation of fluid in the limbs, lungs, ankles and feet, and/or other organs. Most frequently, a patient may have edoema, or fluid buildup in the legs, shortness of breath, weariness, and arrhythmias, which are irregular heartbeats. The presence of symptoms is not always evident and they might be moderate or severe. An intake visit with a cardiac specialist, nurse, or physician's assistant is routine for patients. The doctor will go through the patient's past records and current health state during this visit.
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elaboration likelihood model is used to change attitudes toward specified health behaviors in health communication campaigns. which one are not the key features of the elm?
a) ability and motivation b) self-esteem c)goal are not the key features of the elm, elaboration likelihood model is used to change attitudes toward specified health behaviors in health communication campaigns.
Not just the absence of illness or disability, health is a condition of whole physical, mental, and social well-being. Health is described as "a condition of complete bodily, mental, and social well-being" in the World Health Organization Constitution, which went into effect on April 7, 1948. The WHO Constitution states that "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not only the absence of sickness or infirmity" describes health, which is often viewed as a condition based on the presence or absence of diseases.
elaboration likelihood model is used to change attitudes toward specified health behaviors in health communication campaigns. which one are not the key features of the elm?
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the anticholinergic drug atropine blocks muscarinic receptors. this drug is often administered to treat bradycardia or slow heart rate. what affects does it have on the patient when it is administered?
the anticholinergic drug atropine blocks muscarinic receptors. this drug is often administered to treat bradycardia or slow heart rate. Atropine will inhibit the vagus nerve's effects on the heart, causing the heart rate to rise.
Acetylcholine's effects are counteracted by the antimuscarinic drug atropine. Atropine decreases heart rate in low dosages, and tachycardia results from the paralysis of vagal control. Atropine has a stronger and longer-lasting effect on the heart, gut, and bronchial muscle than scopolamine, but a weaker effect on the iris, ciliary body, and several secretory glands. Instead of its minor effect on vagal excitement, atropine causes bronchiolar dilatation, which may increase respiratory rate and depth of breathing.
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