The HeLa cancer call genome is vastly different from Henrietta’s normal genome. A gene transfer from the human papillomavirus 18 virus (HPV18) to human cervical cells created the original HeLa strain of cancer cells.
a) Describe the type of evidence scientists would need to justify this claim.
b) From this discovery, an HPV vaccination was developed. Without HeLa cells, this would not have been possible. Yet, these cells were taken for research without Mrs. Lack’s knowledge. Evaluate the pros and cons of designating biopsy cells as "free cells," cells that can be used without required patient consent.
Answers
Answer:
a. Sequencing the genome and transcriptome of these cells
b. Pros: these cells can be very useful in research (as in Henrieta case)
Contras: 1. patient's family may have inherited the same genetic defect from their common ancestors, thereby this information might be used for malicious people
2. Ethical issues
Explanation:
By using genome sequencing technologies it is possible to determine the nucleotide sequence of the genome (DNA) and their transcriptomic products (i.e., RNAs, especially mRNAs) obtained from a particular cell type. Therefore, these technologies can be used to compare the genome of cancer cells and Henrietta’s normal genome.
HeLa cells have been very useful in pharmaceutical research. These cells have been used in cancer research, in the development of vaccines (e.g., polio vaccine and HPV vaccine), Parkinson's Disease, etc. Moreover, the use of cells without required patient consent may affect the patient’s family by exhibiting information about the genetic conditions of multiple generations of this family, which might be considered unethical and lead to problems associated with the malicious use of this information.
HeLa Cell
It is the first human immortal cell line.
a). The scientist took a tissue sample from a patient named Henrietta Lacks. She was a cervical cancer patient.
Now when the scientist observed the cell sample in the laboratory, they saw that cell was growing indefinitely, i.e. 'immortal'.
So, they named it the HeLa Cell.
Later, the scientist found many copies of HPV-18 (Human Pappiloma Virus-18) in these HeLa cells which is a strain of HPV.
These strains has caused cervical cancer in Henrietta Lacks.
b). The Pros
It could not have claimed if any medical negligence would have occurred.We can overcome the false perception of the patient.The research could be progressed without any interruption from the patient.The Cons
If the consent of the patient was not taken then there would have been legal issues as well as ethical issues.Also, the law orders to stop the research without patient's consent.Without the right patent, the commercialization of the cells would begin.Learn More :
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Related Questions
The percentage of crossing-over between 4 linked genes (K, L, M, N) are below. Put them in the correct sequence.
Between M and N: 8%
Between K and N: 5%
Between K and L: 16 %
Between N and L: 11%
Between M and L: 19%
Answers
Answer:
NL=8, JK=2, KL=2, LM=2
Explanation:
K is between J and M
JM=JK+KM
JM=KL+KM
JM=2+4
JM=6
The length of JM is 6 units.
From the figure it is clear that
MN=JN-JM
MN=14-6
MN=8
From the figure it is clear that
NL=ML+MN
NL=2+8
NL=10
Which image shows the place where the pressure and density of the atmosphere would be lowest? Waves at a beach with palm trees. Mountains covered with snow. A desert.
This is earth science not biology there wasn't a choice for it, Thank You!
Answers
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Answer:
b
Explanation:
they deleted my answer to day be cus he or her was
MAF
how are the lysosomes and vacuole in the cell similar to our excretory system?
Answers
Explanation:
Vesicles and vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport. Vacuoles are somewhat larger than vesicles, and the membrane of a vacuole does not fuse with the membranes of other cellular components. Vesicles can fuse with other membranes within the cell system. Additionally, enzymes within plant vacuoles can break down macromolecules.
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Lysosomes, Vesicles and vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs that provide storage and transport functions.
What is lysosomes?Lysosomes are defined as membrane-enclosed organelles containing a variety of enzymes capable of degrading all sorts of biological polymers, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
It can also be defined as sphere-shaped vesicles or sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down nearly all types of biomolecules.
Vacuoles are defined as a cell compartment that is devoid of cytoplasm, bordered with a membrane, and filled with fluid.
They are also defined as a membrane-bound organelle found in plant and fungal cells, as well as some protist, animal, and bacterial cells.
Vacuoles are slightly larger than vesicles, and their membranes do not merge with those of other cellular components.
Vesicles can join together with different membranes in the cell system. Enzymes found in plant vacuoles can also degrade macromolecules.
Thus, lysosomes, Vesicles and vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs that provide storage and transport functions.
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PLEASE ANSWER THE QUESTION I HAVE MY ASSET EXAM TOMORROW!!....
Answers
Answer:
C. Only 1, 3 and 4
Explanation:
Deforestation is the process of cutting down trees by man, which eventually lead to the the sparseness of trees in otherwise forested areas. The reasons for cutting trees by man may include: habitation by man, clearing the land for agriculture or grazing, or using the timber for fuel, construction or manufacturing as well as mining of minerals.
Deforestation leads to many adverse effects on both man and his environment. These adverse effects include:
Loss of biodiversity in the forests which may lead to extinction of species.; when forest areas are cleared, plants and animals who live in these forests lose their homes and some may eventually die off due to inability to survive in other habitats
Increase in temperature of the earth: Trees serves to cool the earth by removing some gases which cause heating of the earth from the earth. Such gases include carbon dioxide. When these tree are removed, these gases accumulate in the atmosphere leading to increase in earth's temperature.
Also, since tree absorb some gases while releasing others into the atmosphere, when these trees are cut, there would be an imbalance of these atmospheric gases.
Who can answer this last one for me ??!
Genetic variation among the gametes of one individual is most likely to
increase if crossing over
A. happens during meiosis I.
B. happens after meiosis II.
C. involves different species.
D. involves sister chromatids.
Answers
Answer:
A. happens during meiosis I.
Explanation:
In meiosis I, homologous pairs align independently on the equator. All possible combinations of chromosomes can occur among the gametes. Genetic variation is increased by crossing-over. (union of female and male gametes) produces random combinations.
Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?
A. ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine
B. deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine
C. phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine
D. phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Phosphate groups, guanine and cytosine are found in both
in order to digest, our food passes through our mouths, our stomachs, our livers, and our intestines. multiple organs work together to perform a specific function like digesting, they are called..
A. An organ system
B. Digestive Tissues
C. Food Cells
D. Organelle System
Answer Asap!!!! First answer gets brainliest!
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Biology Un
Task: Biomes
Activity 4 of 4
Explain why you chose the graph you did to answer question
10C. Describe at least two reasons.
13
24
22
20
4
14
-12
TE
14
10
20
16
JFHAHJU AS OND
JFRAUJASOND
D
TEMP
TE
CH
AN
CH
PAIN
36
34
32
14
33
90
30
20
16
24
20
16
12
24
22
20
20
16
16
IN
Can somebody pleaseeeeee helpppp hurry
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Answer:
22
Explanation:
Sickle cell hemoglobin DNA
CACGTGGAСTGAGGA CACCTC
Sickle cell hemoglobin mRNA
Sickle cell hemoglobin
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hiiii luv!!!!
do you have a specific question?
which event occurs during interphase
Answers
Answer:
The Interphase carries out metabolic processes.
Answer:
A Cell Grows to its full size
The Cell copies its DNA
Explanation:
Which of the following practices is common for organic crop production according to the US Department of Agriculture?
A) using hydrogen peroxide as a fertilizer
B) using chemicals known as pheromones to disrupt insect mating cycles
C) using genetically modified plant variety that kill insects
D) using sewage sludge to improve the fertility and structure of the soil
E) using arsenic to remove unwanted insects
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Hydrogen peroxide is healthy fertilizer and employed often. D is wrong because sewage sludge is literally toxic to plants
Answer:
A is wrong according to Edgeunity and EPIC homework help for the topic test
Answer is B on topic test: your welcome comrads
Explanation:
what is a disadvantage of selective breeding cows to have larger udders to produce more milk
Answers
Answer:
The answer is D. The cow stood in udder amazement when she was unable to produce milk.
The reason is that puns usually use a play of words to make the statement sound funny or ironic. The word may have a double meaning, like in this example. For example, they replaced the word "utter" with "udder", which sound similar.
I need help please.
Answers
Answer:
c.
Explanation:
A building company purchases a large plot of forest-like land with the intention of building a new residential neighborhood. This forest-like area is home to 2 types of squirrels: tree squirrels and ground squirrels. Tree squirrels have bushy tails, longer legs, sharp claws for climbing, and large ears. Ground squirrels have shorter legs, less sharp claws, and less bushy fur. In order to build the houses, the company knocks down 80% of the trees. Which squirrel population was better fit for the change of the environment
a Ground squirrels because they did not require trees for survival.
b Tree squirrels because they require trees for survival.
c Ground squirrels because they can use their sharp claws to climb trees.
d Tree squirrels because they can use their sharp claws to burrow into the ground.
Answers
Helllo can someone help me find the mistakes and put it on a right sentence plzzz
Answers
Answer:
Do they want to come to the aerobics class with me and Shawn
what stores info in a cell, what is passed from 1 generation to the next
Answers
Answer:
Heredity is the passage of these instructions from one generation to another. Hereditary information is contained in genes, located in the chromosomes of each cell. Each gene carries a single unit of information.
Explanation:
Select all the types of transport that DO require ATP
Active Transport
Passive Transport
Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Answers
-Active transport
-Endocytosis
-Exocytosis
Answer:
-Active transport
-Endocytosis
-Exocytosis
Explanation:
Hope this will help
Select the correct answer.
Pulmonary edema is a condition that causes coughing and abnormal lung sounds, in pulmonary edema, the airways of an animal are
blocked by fluid, which causes difficulty in breathing, which body system does this disease affect?
A
musculoskeletal
В.
excretory
OC
respiratory
OD
circulatory
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is Respiratory
I took the test :)
This is a single strand of DNA. Write out the corresponding strand we would find
on the other side.
T-A-C-A-T-G-C-A-A-G-T-C-G-T-C-C-G-T-T-T-C-C-A-G
Answers
Answer:
T-A-C-A-T-G-C-A-A-G-T-C-G-T-C-C-G-T-T-T-C-C-A-G
A-T-G-T-A-C-G-T-T-C-A-G-C-A-G-G-C-A-A-A-G-G-T-C
Explanation:
Adenine-Thymine (APPLES IN THE TREE)
Guanine-Cytosine (CAR IN THE GARAGE)
Can our cells undergo photosynthesis? Why or why not?
Answers
Answer:
No, Human bodies cannot undergo photosynthesis.
Explanation:
Our body's demand for glucose is higher than photosynthesis can accommodate. We also don't have chloroplasts to be able to carry out photosynthesis.
The air bubbles and spongy texture of bread are due to which process?
a. Lactic acid fermentation
b. Glycolysis
c. Alcoholic fermentation
d. The Krebs Cycle
Answers
Answer:alcoholic fermentation
Explanation:
The air bubbles and spongy texture of bread are a result of the process of baking of bread through alcoholic fermentation. Thus, the correct option is C.
What is Fermentation?
During fermentation, carbon dioxide is produced in cell and it is trapped as tiny pockets of air within the dough. The production of carbon dioxide causes the dough to rise.
During the baking of bread, carbon dioxide expands and causes the bread to rise further. In this process, alcohol is produced during fermentation which evaporates during the baking process of bread. In this process, yeast eats the sugar and releases carbon dioxide which causes air bubbles.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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A diagram of a flower is shown below.
What structure in the flower produces pollen for plant reproduction?
Answers
Answer:
im pretty sure b but look it up and make sure im right before submitting tho..... I just looked it up im right
a.man displaces 3600m in 30 mins calculate its velocity
Answers
Answer:
120 m/s
Explanation:
formula is displacement by time
v=s/t
v= 3600/30
v= 120m/s
Explanation:
displacement/ time
[tex]v = \frac{3600}{30} = 120 \frac{m}{min} \\ = 2 \frac{m}{s} [/tex]
Why do tumors form in cancerous cells
Answers
Explain the interaction between proteins and nucleic acids.
Answers
Answer:
Image result for Explain the interaction between proteins and nucleic acids.
The binding of protein to DNA controls the structure of genomic DNA (chromatin), RNA transcription, and DNA repair mechanisms. The following example illustrates how Invitrogen Dynabeads magnetic beads may be used to recover proteins that bind to nucleic acids.
Explanation:
PLS PLS PLS HELPPP !!!!
Answers
Help me out please❗️❗️
Answers
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
hope this helps :)
please help,, i’ll do ANYTHING ,, HELP ASAP
Answers
Answer:
do you want 100 points I'm bored
Answer: D
c is the prophase and b is the metaphase then a is anaphase and finally d is telophase.
Match the term to its description.
Match
Term
Definition
Moon
A) An astronomical body that orbits around a planet
Planet
B) A collection of planets and their moons in orbit around a central star
Solar System
C) A celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and a stream of gas and dust
Comet
D) An astronomical body that orbits around a star
Answers
Answer:
correct me if im wrong but i think this is right
Explanation:
1. Moon: an astronomical body that orbits around a planet
2. Planet: an astronomical body that orbits around a star
3. Solar system: a collection of planets and their moons in orbit around a central star
4. Comet: A celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and a stream of gas and dust
Planet, an object in astronomy that revolves around a star, the solar system is made up of a number of planets and their moons that revolve around a main star.
What is Solar System?The solar system is made up of a number of planets and their moons that revolve around a main star.
Comet: A heavenly body with an ice nucleus and a stream of gas and dust
Under geophysical definitions of the term, the Moon qualifies as a satellite planet because it is a planetary-mass object that developed into a differentiated rocky body. There isn't much of an atmosphere, hydrosphere, or magnetic field there.
Therefore, the sun is it, but it goes beyond that, it also includes everything that revolves around the sun, eight planets are known to orbit our sun.
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A jet flies 2000 meters/minute for 120 minutes. How far did it fly?
Answers
Answer:
jet flies for 240000 metres
Explanation:
hope it help