the heat of vaporization of water at 100°c is 40.66 kj/mol. calculate the quantity of heat that is absorbed/released when 7.00 g of steam condenses to liquid water at 100°c

Gamma radiation, commonly referred to as gamma rays, are piercing electromagnetic radiation waves that result from the radioactive disintegration of atomic nuclei. It comprises electromagnetic waves with shorter wavelengths than X-rays, on average.

It imparts the most photon energy at frequencies exceeding 30 exahertz (30 X [tex]10^{18}[/tex] Hz). While researching radiation emitted by radium, French chemist and physicist Paul Villard made the discovery of gamma radiation in 1900.

Based on this radiation's relatively strong penetration of matter, Ernest Rutherford gave it the name gamma rays in 1903; in 1900, he had already given the names alpha and beta rays, in ascending order of penetrating power, to two less penetrating types of decay radiation (discovered by Henri Becquerel).

The electromagnetic radiation with the shortest wavelength and highest energy is known as a gamma ray. The wavelengths of gamma radiation are often less than a few tenths of an angstrom ([tex]10^{-10}[/tex] meter), yet the energy of gamma photons exceeds tens of thousands of electron volts.

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Speed be after traveling 40 m is  10 m/s.

From kinetic equation we will have

[tex]Vf^{2}[/tex] - [tex]Vi^{2}[/tex] = 2ad

5² - Vi² = 2a × 10

after 40m distance

[tex]Vf^{2}[/tex] - [tex]Vi^{2}[/tex] = 2a × 40

here let say it start from rest

vi = 0

5² - 0 = 2a × 10

[tex]Vf^{2}[/tex] - 0  = 2a × 40

divide the two equation

[tex]Vf^{2}[/tex] /25 = 2a ×40 / 2a × 10

Vf  = 10 m/s

The rate at which an object moves in relation to a reference point is measured as its speed. It is regarded as a magnitude or scalar quantity and has no direction. The formula: can be used to calculate speed.

Speed equals Distance/Time.

Average Speed - The average speed of an object is determined by the distance it covered in a predetermined amount of time. A car's average speed over the period of an hour if it traveled 50 miles is 50 mph. The car may have experienced instantaneous speeds between 40 and 60 mph throughout that time, but its average speed was 50 mph.

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Potential difference is the work done in moving a unit charge to a reference point. The potential difference is 9 volts. Thus option B.

Potential difference is a term that is used to describe the work done in transferring a unit positive charge from infinity to a reference point. While the electric field strength is the number of electric field passing through a unit area in a period.

Tension is an example of contact force which is applicable to extended strings, lines, ropes etc.

Given:

electric field strength = 30 V/m

distance between the two points = 30 cm

                                         = 0.3 m

Potential difference between the points = 0.3 x 30

                                          = 9.0 V

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The utility cost can such a solar panel save is 4.286 m² and  the initial cost or any maintenance cost of the solar panels is $ 55.44/mo.

If we assume that the sun is behaving as an isotropic radiator, the power density that is arriving to the house, is constant and equal to the quoted solar irradiance.

If the energy conversion capability of the solar panels were 100%, the roof area needed to supply the power required, would be simply the quotient between the power required and the solar irradiance, as follows:

A = P / SI = 10 A* 120 V / 800 W/m² = 1200 W / 800 W/m²= 1,5 m²

As the solar panels are only 35% efficient in converting the solar energy to useful electrical energy, we will need more roof area, according to this expression:

Ae = At / 0.35 = 1,5 / 0.35 = 4.286 m²

b) If we can get 1200 W during 7 hs/day, the energy supplied by the solar panels will be the product of the power times the time, as follows:

E= 1200 W* 7 hs = 8.4 Kwh

If the cost per Kwh, is $0.22, assuming 7 hs. of use in average during a month (assumed to be of 30 days), we can have savings as follows:

Cost = 0.22($/Kwh)* 8.4 (Kwh/day)*30 (days/mo) = $ 55.44

Complete question: Assuming 800 W / m 2 solar irradiance and a 35 % efficient solar panel, how much roof area should be covered to supply 10 A at 120 V ? A = 4.286 m 2 (within three decimal places) Given an average of 7 h o u r s of sunshine per day and a utility cost of $ 0.22 k W h , how much of the utility cost can such a solar panel save? Ignore the initial cost or any maintenance cost of the solar panels

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The only planet without an atmosphere is Mercury. But it does have an exosphere, a layer of gases that are released from the terrestrial planet's surface after being absorbed by the solar wind.

Terrestrial planets' weak gravitational fields rendered their main atmospheres unsupportable. It is well known that these planets have weak gravitational fields. In addition, the atmosphere was lost as a result of the planet's velocity, atomic mass, and surface temperature.

Mercury, the smallest planet, has already lost the majority of its inner heat due to the different cooling speed.

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Charged particles would need to be accelerated by a potential difference of qmv0^2/2 in order to reach the velocity of v0.

The rate at which the charge between two places is exerting work is known as the electric potential difference.

V=W/q is the formula for the electric potential difference.

According to the Work-Energy Theorem, an object's work is equal to the change in kinetic energy.

Relation between Work-Energy Theorem and

Work completed is equal to 1/2MV^2

Considering that the particle's mass is m

Charge of the particle equals q, and particle velocity equals V0.

Work performed on the particle (W) = 0.5 m v 0 2.

Difference in electric potential (V) = W/q

V = 1/2mv0^2 /q

in order for V = qmv0^2/2.

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We will connect 18 resistors in series and in this combination we will get 3.5V across the last 7 resistors.

     _________R1__________R2________

as shown above let R1 and R2 be the final combination of resistors and the voltage across R2 be 3.5V

  since the combination is connected across 9V battery so we need to find the current flown through the circuit.

let the current through the circuit be I

so I = [tex]\frac{9}{R_1+R_2}[/tex]

so the voltage across R2  is  R2 *i

and  we have assumed that the volatage across R is 3.5V.

so 3.5 = (9*R2)/(R1+R2)

=>   3.5R1+ 3.5R2 =9R2

=>   3.5R1 = 5.5R2

=>    7R1 = 11 R2

so R1= 11Ω and R2 = 7Ω

so we have a series combination of 18 resistors and voltage across the last 7 resistor is 3.5V

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1. The equivalent emf of the collection is 15.6 V

2. The current through the resistor is 4.7 A

1. How do I determine the equivalent emf?

The equivalent emf of the collection can be obatined as illustrated below.

The following were obtained from the question:

E = E₁ + E₂ + E₃ + E₄ + E₅

E = 3 + 4.5 + 1.5 + 2 + 4.6

E = 15.6 V

Thus, the equivalent emf is 15.6 V

2. How do I determine the current ?

The current through the resistor can be obtained as follow:

Emf (E) = Current (I) × resistance (R)

15.6 = Current × 3.3

Divide both sides by 3.3

Current = 15.6 / 3.3

Current = 4.7 A

Thus, the current is 4.7 A

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Complete question:

See attached photo

You would alter the separation width and track the system's diffraction angle to verify this theory. Therefore, the Gap Width is the variable and the Diffraction Angle would serve as the dependent variable.

Salt will become more soluble as even the temperature rises. UV radiation exposure is associated to the risk of skin cancer. Many brands of light bulbs have the same lifespan. Cats don't care what color their cat chow is.

A great hypothesis statement includes a prediction, is unambiguous and testable. While "testable" denotes verifiability or falsifiability, it also implies that you may conduct the required tests without going against any ethical norms.

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The complete question is-

The goal of this experiment was to answer the question, "How does diffraction occur?" Suppose you formulated this alternate hypothesis:

If the gap width is increased while keeping wavelength constant, then the observed diffraction will decrease because the less the ratio between wavelength and gap width is, the smaller the observed diffraction angle will be.

To test this hypothesis, you would change the and observe the in the system.

Therefore, the independent variable would be the and the dependent variable would be the .

1. is gap width

2. is diffraction angle

3. is gap width

4. is diffraction angle

Explanation:

Manometer-style pressure gauges have a small, liquid-filled U-shaped tube inside.

Reading the marks on this tube will tell you how pressurized your system is. When pressure is applied to either side of the gauge, the water in the tube rises in one direction or the other. The most important kinds of pressure measurements use atmospheric pressure as their standard. When a tire is inflated to 30 psi, for instance, a standard tire pressure gauge will display this number as 30 psig (the "g" stands for gauge pressure). The liquid fill makes pressure measurements simpler by attenuating vibration, mechanical stress, and pressure pulsations. Due to the ambient atmosphere, the liquid fill prevents corrosion, moisture infiltration, and ice.

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For l = 3, m = -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, and L2 = m th, the angular momentum can be projected in 7 distinct directions.

As the rotating equivalent of linear momentum in physics, angular momentum (rarely moment of momentum or rotational momentum) is used. It is a conserved quantity, meaning that in a closed system, the total angular momentum stays constant, making it a significant physical quantity. The magnitude and direction of angular momentum are both preserved. The conservation of angular momentum is responsible for the beneficial characteristics of bicycles, motorbikes, frisbees, rifled bullets, and gyroscopes. Hurricanes from spiral galaxies and neutron stars rotate rapidly because of the conservation of angular momentum. Conservation often sets a limit on a system's potential motion but does not determine it in any way.

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The time period of oscillation is 1.84 s.

Simple pendulum's time period is nothing but the time taken to complete one oscillation. It is measured in seconds and minutes.

Given that, length of the uniform rod = 0.85 m

We know the expression for time period as,

T = 2π√(l/g)

where, T is time period

l is length

g is acceleration due to gravity

Substituting the values in the above equation, we have

T = 2π√(l/g) = 2π* √(0.85/10) = 2π* 0.292 = 1.84 s

Thus, the time period of oscillation is found to be 1.84 s.

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a) The speed with which it strikes the ground is 22.212 m/s.

b) It is not influenced by angle and simply relies on mechanical energy conservation.

c) None of the situation would give the higher speed.

Given that,

The height from which the baseball is thrown = 20.8 m

Initial velocity v₀ = 10.6 m/s

Angle = 57.3°

Initially, the potential energy of the ball = m × g × h = m × 9.8 × 20.8 = 204.82 m J

Initial velocity contains two components, vx and vy.

vx = 10.6 cos 57.3° = 5.73

vy = 10.6 sin 57.3° = 8.92

The x component remains constant through the whole motion, so we need to consider the y component only, as the x component will get cancelled as it is same everywhere.

Initially the kinetic energy is,

K.E i = 1/2 m (vy)² = 1/2 m × 8.92² = 39.78 m

Final potential energy = m × g ×h = m × 9.8 ×h

At the height the ball reached, the final kinetic energy is zero.

The conservation of mechanical energy enables us to know that,

P.E i + K.E i = P.E f + K.E f

204.82 m + 39.78 m = m × 9.8 ×h

244.6 = 9.8 ×h

h = 24.96 metres

Now, the potential energy at the highest point is,

P.E f = m × 9.8 × 24.96 = 244.61 m J

Initial kinetic energy was zero, because of the zero speed at the top.

Final kinetic energy will be,

K.E f = 1/2 m × v²

244.61 m = 1/2 m × v²

v² = 244.61 × 2

v = 22.12 m/s

b) If the ball would have been thrown at an angle of 57.3°, below the horizontal, then also the final velocity would be 22.12 m/s. It is not influenced by angle and simply relies on mechanical energy conservation.

c) The air resistance will produce a decrease in the final speed.

We know that friction is a non conservative force and our system will become a dissipative system as the total mechanical energy would not be conserved.

Air friction will cause a decrease in speed. None of the situation would give the higher speed.

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The air pressure drops as altitude rises. Initially, the pressure within the sealed container was the same as the pressure at sea level.

You bring a bag of chips with you when you get on an airline. Because the air pressure within the airtight bag is higher than the cabin air pressure, the bag expands while in flight.

There is a suction. In accordance with the Bernoulli principle, air pressure varies. The pressure in the flight cabin drops during takeoff and as the aircraft climbs in altitude. The pressure inside the package is higher when compared to the pressure inside the box or the bag.

Any variety of potato chips, including Pringles, are permitted in carry-on luggage for consumption during flights.

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In the cores of main sequence stars, hydrogen atoms are fused to form helium atoms. The sun is one of the majority of main sequence stars, which make up about 90% of all stars in the universe.

These stars can be as much as 200 times as massive than the sun or only a tenth as massive.

Stars begin their lives as gas and dust clouds. These clouds are brought together by gravity. The falling material acts as the fuel for a tiny protostar. Protostars can be difficult to find and frequently form in tightly packed gas clouds.

Mark Morris of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLS), stated in a statement that "Nature doesn't generate stars in solitude" (opens in new tab). "It creates them in groups from natal clouds that burst under.

Therefore, In the cores of main sequence stars, hydrogen atoms are fused to form helium atoms. The sun is one of the majority of main sequence stars, which make up about 90% of all stars in the universe.

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Due to its dependence on L, the spacings between various fringes get smaller as the distance between the slits gets more. The space between various fringes grows as the light's wavelength rises because this is a wavelength-dependent property.

Distance between the core bright fringe and two side-by-side dark fringes is 2 mm (1. 2 inches).

As a result, "xn = (2n+1)D/2d" is how far the "n" brilliant fringe is from the "centre." Similar to the example above, the formula for the distance between the "n-1" dark fringe and the "centre" is: "x (n-1)= (2(n-1) +1)D/2d."

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The minimum horsepower must a motor have to be able to drag 310 kg box along a level floor at a speed of 1.20 m/s is 2.199 horse power.

What is called friction?

The resistance to motion of one object travelling in relation to another is referred to as friction. It is not regarded as a fundamental force like gravity or electromagnetic, according to the International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems(opens in new tab).

First change the mass of 310kg by multiplying by 9.8(gravity), to get 3038 N which equals 'n'

f=μn  =  (.45)(3038)

        = 1367.1N

Use work formula W= fΔx

                              = (1367.1N)(1.2m/s) = 1640.52 Joules/sec

                               (1 Watt = 1 Joules / sec) so you get 1640.52 watts

1 horsepower = 746 watts

1640.52 watt/ 746 watt

= 2.199 horse power

Therefore, the minimum horsepower must a motor have to be able to drag 310 kg box along a level floor at a speed of 1.20 m/s is 2.199 horse power.

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The weight of the ball acting vertically downward is the only force acting on the ball as it moves through the air just leaving the horizontal ramp.

A moving body's force is equal to the product of mass and acceleration. This is the relation stated from Newton's second law of motion. As the mass of the object increases the force that has to be applied on it to change its state will be greater.

The ball which is moving down the horizontal ramp has weight acting downwards. As it is said to ignore air resistance, it can be neglected.

Weight of the ball is nothing but the product of the mass of the ball and acceleration due to gravity.

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The change in internal energy of system is −87 J and that of environment is 87 J.

Calculation :

given,

        Q = 164 j

        W = 77 j

Q = W +ΔU

77 = 164 + ΔU

ΔU = 77 - 164

      = - 87 j

The change in internal energy of system is −87 J and that of environment is 87 J.

In physics, energy is the quantitative property transmitted to the body or physical system, perceived in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light. Energy is Conserved - The law of conservation of energy states that energy can be transformed into form, but cannot be created or destroyed. The unit of measure for energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule (J).

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The angular momentum of the moon in its orbit around the earth is 28854.80* 10³⁰ kg.m²/s.

Given that,

Mass of the moon = 7.35 * 10²² kg

Radius of the orbit = 3.84 * 10⁸ m

Let us find the tangential velocity,

v = 2π* r/ T = (2π* 3.84 * 10⁸ )/ 2.36 * 10⁶ = 1022.35 m/s

T is transformed from days to seconds.

T = 27.3 * 86400 sec/ 1 day = 2.36 * 10⁶ s

The formula to find out angular momentum is, L = r *m* v

where, L is the angular momentum

r is the radius

m is the mass

v is the tangential velocity

L = 3.84 * 10⁸ * 7.35 * 10²² * 1022.35 = 28854.80* 10³⁰ kg.m²/s

Thus, the angular momentum of the moon in its orbit around the earth is 28854.80* 10³⁰ kg.m²/s.

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the buoyant force on the ball is 4 N

buoyant force formula,

Fb=-ρgV

To calculate the buoyant force, the formula can be used: Fb=ρVg Fb = ρVg where Fb is the buoyant force in Newtons, ρ is the density of the liquid in kilograms per cubic meter, and V is the displaced volume of liquid in cubic metres. ), g is the gravitational acceleration

Buoyancy is the upward force on an object that is wholly or partially immersed in liquid. This upward force is also called thrust. Buoyancy causes a body that is wholly or partially immersed in liquid to appear weighed down. H. Easier

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The displacement is zero because the mass's starting and final positions are identical (it returns to its initial position).

It alludes to the greatest departure from equilibrium that such an object in harmonic oscillator can exhibit. As an illustration, consider how a pendulum moves through its market equilibrium (straight down) and then moves outward to its maximum distance.

The vertical separation of both the wave from average is measured by amplitude. The wave axis, which is typically thought of as zero, is the average size of the wave across one cycle. Positive and negative numbers are assigned to heights between and above the average, accordingly.

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A liquid vat with a 1.90 m diameter is 2.10 m deep. 1.30 atm of pressure is present at the vat's bottom. The amount of liquid in the container weighs 2788kg

Suppose we define d as the liquid's density;

The pressure at the bottom of the vat, which has a depth (h), can then be calculated as P = P0+Dgh, where P0 is atmospheric pressure.

P-P0 = Dgh

D= P-P0/gh

We are aware that density (D) = mass/volume m/v = P-P0/gh.

Volume equals area times height, hence the formula for mass is: m = P-P0/gh x area (a) x height (h) = (P-P0)/gh x π(d/2)^2

Given that P = 1.3 atm and P0 = 1 atm, the diameter of the vat (d) is 1.9 atm, which is

(1.3-1)/9.8 x (1.9/2)2 x 1.013 x 105 Pa, = 2788 kg.

As a result, we can say that the mass of the liquid in the vat is 2788kg

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The diameter of the lowest string is = 4 x the diameter of the highest string.

Option ( B ) is correct.

According to the given data in the question,

The number of strings on the guitar = 6

The highest string is vibrating 4 times more than that the lowest string.

The formula of the frequency is shown as,

[tex]F = \frac{V}{2L}[/tex]

V = velocity of the sound

L = length of the string

The formula of frequency could also be written as -

u is the linear density of the string ⇒ u = m / L

m is the mass of the string

T is the tension of the string,

[tex]F = \frac{1}{2L}\sqrt \frac{T}{u}[/tex]

A is depicted as the cross-sectional area of the string and d is the diameter so the mass =

m = ρ x A x L (ρ is the density)

m = ρ x [tex]\frac{\pi }{4}[/tex] x [tex]d^{2}[/tex] x L

Frequency =

[tex]F = \frac{1}{2L}\sqrt \frac{T}{u}[/tex]

F = [tex]\frac{1}{2L}[/tex] x [tex]\sqrt{} \frac{4T}{p\pi d^{2} }[/tex]

F = [tex]\frac{1}{L}\frac{1}{d}\sqrt{}\frac{4T}{p\pi }[/tex]

Lengths of the string are the same so frequency is inversely proportional to string diameter,

F ∝ [tex]\frac{1}{d}[/tex]

So, 4F( low ) = F ( high )

d ( low ) = 4d ( high )

Therefore, The diameter of the lowest string is = 4 x the diameter of the highest string.

Option ( B ) is correct.

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The 6 strings on a guitar all have about the same length and are stretched with about the same tension.The highest string vibrates with a frequency that is 4 times that of the lowest string.

If the strings are made of the same material, how would you expect the diameters of the lowest and highest strings to compare?

A. d(low)=2d(high)

B. d(low)=4d(high)

C. d(low)=16d(high)

The mass varies from only about 100M suns to about 0.08M suns or by about a factor of 1000 along the main sequence, whereas the luminosity varies from 10^6 for the most luminous stars to less than 0.001 or factors of more than 10^9 for the least luminous.

Only the radii of main sequence stars are fairly similar to that of the sun, which implies that the radii change by a smaller factor than the luminosity. The validity of the conclusion can be shown by noting that the luminosity of a star is proportional to R^2T^4, but this is beyond what is covered.

A main-sequence star is a star that burns hydrogen just like the Sun. Massive main-sequence stars are hot and in the upper left of the strip. Low-mass stars have low temperatures and are located in the lower right corner. Massive stars rapidly burn up all their hydrogen in just a few million years. luminosity and distance.

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Answer: (option b) on the equator only on the March and September equinoxes

Explanation:One of the abecedarian data of life at Earth’s midlatitudes, where utmost of this book’s compendiums live, is that there are significant variations in the heat we admit from the Sun during the course of the time. We therefore divide the time into seasons, each with its different quantum of sun. The difference between seasons gets more pronounced the further north or south from the ambit we travel, and the seasons in the Southern Hemisphere are the contrary of what we find on the northern half of Earth. With these observed data in mind, let us ask what causes the seasons.

numerous people have believed that the seasons were the result of the changing distance between Earth and the Sun. This sounds reasonable at first it should be colder when Earth is further from the Sun. But the data do n’t bear out this thesis. Although Earth’s route around the Sun is an cirque, its distance from the Sun varies by only about 3. That’s not enough to beget significant variations in the Sun’s heating. To make matters worse for people in North America who hold this thesis, Earth is actually closest to the Sun in January, when the Northern Hemisphere is in the middle of downtime.



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The Sun reaches the zenith (directly overhead) at midday on the equator every day. Therefore, option D is correct.

The relationship between the Sun and the equator also affects the seasons. As the Earth orbits the Sun, its axial tilt causes different parts of the Earth to receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year. When the Sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of Cancer during the June solstice, it marks the start of summer in the Northern Hemisphere and winter in the Southern Hemisphere.

Conversely, when the Sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn during the December solstice, it marks the start of summer in the Southern Hemisphere and winter in the Northern Hemisphere.

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No, the momentum of the block is not conserved.

The block is not isolated—that is, free from outside influences. In actuality, a part of the block's weight force operates in a direction perpendicular to the incline.

Momentum

Momentum is the result of a particle's mass and velocity. Being a vector quantity, momentum possesses both magnitude and direction. According to Isaac Newton's second equation of motion, the force applied on a particle is equal to the time rate of change of momentum.

According to Newton's second law, if a particle is subjected to a constant force for a specific amount of time, the result of the force and time is equal to the change in momentum. On the other hand, a particle's momentum represents the length of time needed for a consistent force to bring it to rest.

Any grouping of particles has a momentum equal to the vector sum of its individual momenta. A change in one particle's momentum is precisely balanced by an equal and opposite change in the momentum of another particle, according to Newton's third law, which states that particles exert equal and opposite forces on one another. The law of conservation of momentum states that when no net external force is acting on a group of particles, their total momentum remains constant.

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The energy in biomass is used to make electricity and the energy stored in biomass  in the form of chemical bonds.

Biomass contains stored chemical energy from sun and plants produce biomass through photosynthesis. Biomass can be burned directly for heat or converted to renewable liquid and gaseous fuels through various other processes. Biomass is organic, which means it is made up of material derived from living beings like plants or animals.

Biogas is obtained from organic wastes( animal excreta, agricultural waste etc.). These wastes have stored chemical energy in them, and these chemical energy convert into bio-energy on combustion.

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Identical forces act for the same length of time on two different objects. the magnitude of the change in momentum of the lighter object is: c. exactly equal to the magnitude of the change in momentum of the larger mass.

if a ball is thrown at a guy and strikes him in the face. It illustrates how difficult it would have been to stop the scenario. A baseball is flying through the air. An enormous truck is moving. This kind of gun fired a bullet. Momentum is measured by "mass velocity" since it depends on the body's motion's velocity and direction. Since mass is a scalar and velocity is a vector, momentum is a vector quantity. Momentum is the product of mass and speed.

Identical forces act for the same length of time on two different objects. the magnitude of the change in momentum of the lighter object is: _________a. larger than the magnitude of the change in momentum of the larger mass. b. smaller than the magnitude of the change in momentum of the larger mass, but not zero. c. exactly equal to the magnitude of the change in momentum of the larger mass. d. There is not enough information to answer the question zero.

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