The fuel used to power the booster rockets on space shuttles is a mixture of aluminum metal and ammonium perchlorate. the following balanced equation represents the reaction. 3al + 3nh4clo4 → al2o3 + alcl3 + 3no + 6h2o what is the mole ratio of al to al2o3?al:al2o3 = 3:

Sodium Bisulfite converts Bromine (br2) to Bromide (br-). Sodium Bisulfite is a reducing agent.

In chemistry, a reducing agent is a chemical species that "donates" an electron to an electron acceptor. Examples of substances that are normally reducing agents include earth metals, formic acid, oxalic acid, and sulfite compounds. Reducing and oxidizing agents are responsible for corrosion, or "decomposition of metals by electrochemical activity." Corrosion requires an anode and a cathode.

Strong reducing agents are electropositive elements that can readily donate electrons in chemical reactions. Sodium, hydrogen and lithium are examples of strong oxidants. Weak reducing agents react less violently than strong reducing agents, but can participate in reactions that produce heat and gaseous products that pressurize the closed vessel and can participate in further reactions.

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No, we can't remain healthy by consuming milk only.

We need many others things in our diet for our survival. Even we can't survive in this world by consuming only milk as our regular diet.

Milk contains major products but lacks minor which are part of our hormonal growth.

It means what is the use of calcium if there is no growth hormone also thyroxine , which is used for protein, fat, and carbohydrate synthesis.

Milk have been linked to an increased risk of developing prostate cancer.

The lactose in cow’s milk can be difficult for people to digest, resulting in nausea, cramps, gas, bloating, and diarrhea.

A different beast than lactose intolerance, milk allergies can cause potentially strong and dangerous reactions (usually in young children), such as vomiting or anaphylaxis.

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Question A. How does the composition of the atmosphere change from year to year? most likely would be studied by a chemist.

The work of a chemist professional is based on examining the composition of the different materials and compounds that form the subject of study such as in this case the composition of the atmosphere.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the work of a chemist professional is based on deciphering the composition of the different compounds that form the natural world.

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There are 45 atoms.

Each of the 3 oxygen atoms gains 2 electrons from 2 Al atoms, and each Al atom donates 3 electrons to 3 oxygen atoms. In this process each Al atom becomes an Al3+ ion and an oxygen atom. O2 ion got two electrons. Or the formula is Al2O3.

The bonding pattern of a hybridized carbon atom consists of two single bonds to two atoms and one double bond to the third atom, with a total of eight valence electrons around the bonded carbon atom. give. Atoms with all single bonds are sp3 hybridized. The best examples are alkanes. All carbon atoms in alkanes are sp3 hybridized with tetrahedral geometry.

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The nuclear equation shown is completed as follows:

²¹⁴₈₂Pb ---> ⁰₋₁e + ²¹⁴₈₃Bi

The correct option is B.

A nuclear equation is an equation that represents or shows a nuclear reaction.

particles found nuclear reaction is a reaction in which reaction changes occur in the atomic particles found within the nucleus of a na atom.

There are two types of nuclear reactions;

nuclear fusion - the fusion of the atoms of two sammlerf nuclei to form larger nuclei

nuclear fission - the splitting of the nucleus of a large atom to produce two or smaller atoms.

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The process by which an atom or ion loses one or more electrons is known as oxidation, while the process by which an atom or ion gains one or more electrons is known as reduction.

The chemical processes in which electrons are transferred from one chemical to another. Redox reactions, also known as oxidation-reduction reactions, are the name given to these electron-transfer processes. The addition of oxygen or hydrogen to various compounds is another step in the oxidation and reduction reactions.

During oxidation processes,

1. Oxygen addition: C + O2 CO2 (oxidation of carbon)

2. Adding an electronegative element result in FeS (Fe + S) (oxidation of Iron)

3. Hydrogen removal: Br2 + H2S = 2 HBr + S (oxidation of sulphide)

4. Elimination of electropositive elements: I2 + 2 KOH + 2 KI + H2O (oxidation of iodide)

An oxidizing agent is something that causes oxidation. O2, S, Cl2, Br2, and H2O2 are oxidizing agents in the examples above.

Reduction responses include:

1. Hydrogen addition: N2 + 3 H2 2NH3 (reduction of nitrogen)

2. Electropositive element addition results in SnCl2 + 2HgCl2 becoming SnCl4 + Hg2Cl2 ( reduction of mercuric chloride)

3. Oxygen removal ZnO + C Zn + CO (reduction of zinc oxide)

4. Electronegative element removal using 2FeCl3 + H2 2FeCl2 + 2HCl (reduction of ferric chloride)

A substance that causes reduction is known as a reducing agent. HgCl2, C, and H2 are the reducing agents in the aforementioned cases.

A substance that goes through oxidation serves as a reducing agent, whereas a substance that goes through reduction serves as an oxidizing agent.

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13.755 gram of cl2 is deposited in the electrolysis of NaCl which is calculated using Faraday's law.

Electrolysis is defined as the process by which electric current is passed through a substance to effect a chemical change. The chemical change is one in which the substance loses or gains an electron.

Current, C = 4.80 amp

time, T = 130 minutes

            = 130 * 60 = 7800 seconds

Molar mass of cl2 is 70.906.

Equivalent mass of cl2 is,

      E=  mass of cl2 / atomicity = 70.906 / 2 = 35.453 gram.

Here apply the faraday's law. The amount of substance that undergoes a chemical reaction at an electrode during electrolysis is proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through an electrolyte. W is the weight of the substance, Q is the amount of charge passed, I is current, t is time for which current flows, k is proportional constant.

  w= EIT / 96500

     = 35.453 * 4.80 * 7800 / 96500

     = 13.755 g of cl2 deposited.

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10.36 is the ph of a solution made by dissolving 1.9 g of k2co3 and 7.9 g of khco3 in 500. ml of water

Mass of K2CO3 = 1.9 g

Moles of K2CO3 = ( Mass / Molar mass ) = ( 1.9 g / 138.205 g / mol ) = 0.031 mol

Mass of KHCO3 = 7.9 g

Moles of KHCO3 = ( Mass / Molar mass ) = ( 7.9 g / 100.115 g / mol ) = 0.0789 mol

Volume of solution = 500 mL = 0.5 L

[ HCO3- ] = 0.078 mol / 0.5 L = 0.156 M

[ CO32-] = 0.031 mol / 0.5 L = 0.062 M

Ka for HCO3- = 4.7 x 10 -11

pKa = 10.32

pH = pKa + log [CO32-] / [HCO3-]

pH = 10.32 + log ( 0.062/0.156 ) = 10.32 - 0.4 = 10.31

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In order to create sets of comparable orbitals that are correctly orientated to form bonds, the localised valence bonding theory employs a mathematical process known as hybridization.

hybridization combines atomic orbitals that are same in energy but not equal. Because these new combinations are made by combining (hybridising) two or more atomic orbitals from the same atom, they are known as hybrid atomic orbitals. The 2s orbital of beryllium and any one of the three degenerate 2p orbitals can be combined to create two equivalent orbitals in BeH2. Using the difference and total of the Be 2s and 2pz atomic orbitals.

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Empirical formula units is 2 and the molecular formula is CxHyOz.

Molar mass-The molar mass of a chemical compound is determined by dividing its mass by the quantity of that compound, expressed as the number of moles in the sample, measured in moles. The molar mass of a substance is a bulk attribute rather than a molecular one.Calculate the molar mass of a substance by adding the molar masses of its constituent atoms.

There are 40.0 in 100 g of the unknown.

40.0⋅g/12.011⋅g⋅mol−1C

6.7⋅g/1.00794⋅g⋅mol−1 H and

53.5⋅g/16.00gmol−1  

We divide by to get C : H : O.

=3.33:6.65:3.34

. We get an empirical formula of C H 2 O by dividing each elemental ratio by the LOWEST number, which is close enough to WHOLE numbers.

Now the molecular formula is always a multiple of the empirical formula; i.e.

(EF)n=MF.

So 60.0⋅g.mol−1=n×(12.011+2×1.00794+16.00)g⋅mol−1.

Clearly n=2, and the molecular formula is×(CH2O) =CxHyOz.

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Enzymes accelerate chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Enzymes have an active site which provides a unique chemical environment made up of certain amino acid R groups. This unique environment is well-suited to convert particular chemical reactants for that enzyme called substrates into unstable intermediates called transition states.  Almost all enzymes are proteins, made up of chains of amino acids, and they perform the critical task of lowering the activation energies of chemical reactions inside the cell. Enzymes do this by binding to the reactant molecules, and holding them in such a way as to make the chemical bond-breaking and bond-forming processes take place more readily.

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The fuel value of plain M&M candies in kJ in a 42-g (about 1.5 oz) serving (approximately 1.5 oz) is 874.44 kJ

The calories does it provide = 208.99 Cal

In a pound of candy, there are:

96 g fat

320 g carbohydrate, and

21 g protein.

The serving size is m = 42 gr

To determine the worth of a single serving, we are asked.

To do this, we must first determine the candy's fuel worth per pound:

Fat = 96 g x 38 kJ/g

= 3648 kJ

Carbohydrate = 320 g x 17 kJ/g

= 5440 kJ

Protein = 21 g x 17 kJ/g

= 357 kJ

The sum of the fuel values for fat, carbs, and protein is the total fuel value per pound.

= 3648 kJ + 5440 kJ +  357 kJ

= 9445 kJ

Calculate the total fuel value per gram after determining the total fuel value per pound.

= 9445 kJ x (1 lb/ 453.6)

= 20.82 kJ/g

Next, determine how much fuel is in one serving:

This is expressed as the mass multiplied by the total fuel value per gram. Which is:

= 20.82 x 42 gr

= 874.44 kJ

So, the calories does it provide:

= 874.44 kJ/4.184

= 208.99 Cal

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9.73 g of lead(iv) chloride contains enough cl- ions to make 5.31 g of magnesium chloride.

Given data:

Mass of  lead(iv) chloride = 9.73 g

Molar mass of 9.73 g = 278 g/mol

Mole can be determine by using the formula:

Mole = mass / molar mass

Moles = 9.73 g / 278 g/mol

Moles = 0.035

If 9.73 g of lead(iv) chloride contains 0.035 mole of lead(iv) chloride then 5.31 g of magnesium chloride

The formula is Mgcl2 ,so the mole will be 24 + (35.5 x2) = 95.

So 2x 35.5 = 71g of Cl will be required to make 95g of Mgcl2

So 1 gram of Cl = 95/71 = 1.34g Mgcl2

So 3.95g Cl =1.34 x 3.95 = 5.28gram

Therefore, cl- ions to make 5.31 g of magnesium chloride.

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Electron groups around a central atom tend to spread out as much as possible because of the electron-electron repulsion principle, also known as the Pauli exclusion principle. According to this principle, electrons in an atom tend to occupy different energy levels, or orbitals, to minimize the repulsive interactions between them.

When electron groups are spread out as much as possible, the energy of the system is minimized, and the atoms are more stable. This is because the repulsive forces between the electrons are reduced when they are farther apart. This is known as the octet rule, which states that atoms tend to gain or lose electrons in such a way as to have eight valence electrons in their outermost shell, which is the most stable configuration.

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A solution is 0.20 m ba(oh)2(aq). 0.040 moles of hcl(aq) must be added to neutralize 100.0 ml of the solution

number of moles of Ba(OH)2 = molarity * volume of solution in L

number of moles of Ba(OH)2 = 0.20 * 0.10 L = 0.020 mole

Ba(OH)2   +   2H+  ---->  Ba^2+   +   2H2O

from the balanced equation we can say that

1 mole of Ba(OH)2 requires 2 mole of H+ so

0.020 mole of Ba(OH)2  will require

= 0.020 mole of Ba(OH)2 *(2 mole of H+ / 1 mole of Ba(OH)2)

= 0.040 mole of H+

Therefore, the number of moles of H+ required are 0.040 mol

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Grams of sodium hydroxide are needed  to titrate a 100 ml sample of 1 m solution of hcl to its endpoint is 4gm

Titration is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of identified analytes. Reagents, called titrants or titrators, are prepared as standard solutions of known concentration and volume.

Explanation:

For HCl :-

Molarity = 1 M

Valency factor of HCl = 1 ( Because it releases only 1 H+ ion )

Normality = Molarity × Valency factor

Normality of HCl = 1 × 1 = 1 N

Milliequivalent = Normality × Volume (ml)

Milliequivalent of HCl = 1 × 100

Milliequivalent of HCl = 100

For NaOH :-

Valency factor for NaOH = 1 ( Because it releases only 1 OH- ion )

Milliequivalent of NaOH = millimole × valency factor

Milliequivalent of NaOH = n × 1

Here n = millimole of NaOH

According to law of chemical equivalence

For end point

Milliequivalent of NaOH = milliequivalent of HCl

n = 100

Mass in milligram = millimole × molar mass

Mass = 100 × 40

Mass = 4000 mg

mass of NaOH required = 4 gm

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The student's conclusion is not necessarily correct. The concentration of a solution is determined by the amount of solute (in this case, copper sulfate) present in a given amount of solvent (in this case, water). When the student added solution B to solution A, the total volume of the solution increased from 50 cm³ to 150 cm³, while the total amount of copper sulfate remained constant at 15 g. This means that the concentration of the new solution may be lower than that of the original solutions, since the same amount of solute is now present in a larger volume of solvent. To determine the actual concentration of the new solution, the student would need to measure the amount of copper sulfate present in a given volume of the solution and compare it to the original solutions.

The amplitudes of sound waves from these sources in order from greatest to least is chainsaw, diesel truck, rustling leaves.

A sound wave is described as the pattern of disturbance caused by the movement of energy traveling through a medium (such as air, water or any other liquid or solid matter) as it propagates away from the source of the sound.

The amplitude of the sound wave is described as the maximum displacement of the particles from their resting position. That means that higher the amplitude equals high sound.

So the sound of a chainsaw is high, hence its amplitude will be great and after that the amplitude of diesel truck is high and rustling leaves have the lowest amplitude.

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Electron(s) are lost during oxidation, and the oxidation state is raised.

While reduction includes the acquisition of electrons, oxidation entails the loss of electrons.

This is in line with how oxidation and reduction are defined.

Redox reaction refers to any process in which oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously. When reactants are transformed into products in an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, electrons are transferred from one element to another. The change in oxidation values from the reactant side to the product side indicates the transfer of electrons.

As a result, choice D is the right response.

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Aristotle was not wrong that he thought that the matter was made up of four elements, earth, water, the air and the fire. the mater is composed of the tiny particles that are atoms, molecules.

The matter will exits in the four states the solid state , the liquid state , the gas state and the plasma state. The matter is the thing which has the mass and will occupy the space. the matter is composed of the tiny particles that are  atoms of the group of the atoms called as the molecules. an atom is the smallest unit of the element.

Thus, the matter is composed of the tiny particles ,the  atoms and the molecules.

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The change in Gibbs free energy is -219.4 kJ/mol that can be calculated by using the given entites.

The preferred Gibbs free energy of formation (Gf°) of a compound is the extrade of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of one mole of a substance in its preferred country from its constituent factors of their preferred states (the maximum solid shape of the detail at 1 bar of strain and the required temperature. The preferred loose electricity of formation of a substance is described because the loose-electricity extrade which ends whilst 1 mol of substance is ready from its factors at the usual strain of one atm and a given temperature, commonly 298 K. It is given the symbol ΔGf°.

Delta G= delta G products - delta G reactants

=[2 mol * delta G_f, AgCl(s)]-[(2 mol* delta G_f, Ag(s))+(1 mol *delta G_f, Cl2(g))]

=2 mol* -109.70 kJ/mol - [2 mol * 0 kJ/mol + 1 mol * 0 kJ/mol]

=-219.4 kJ

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If boiling point of liquid nitrogen is 77.0K then the temperature in Celsius scale is -196°C and in Fahrenheit scale is -321°F.

Relation between Celsius and Kelvin: 

Both Celsius and Kelvin are measures of temperature. 0 Celsius is the freezing point of water and 100 Celsius is the boiling point. Whereas Kelvin is a measure of the internal energy of a material. 0K is -273.15°C.

the boiling point of liquid nitrogen is 77.0 k.

K = 273+C 

77= 273+C 

C= -196°C 

Relation between Celsius and Fahrenheit: 

Fahrenheit temperature scale, scale based on 32° for the freezing point of water and 212° for the boiling point of water, the interval between the two being divided into 180 equal parts. The Fahrenheit temperature scale is used in the United States; the Celsius, or centigrade, scale is employed in most other countries and for scientific purposes worldwide.

C/5 = (F-32)/9 

-196/5 = (F-32)/9

F= -320.8=-321°F

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The reaction between Mgo and carbonic acid produces magnesium carbonate and water. The abbreviated ionic equation is written as follows:

[tex]\rm Mg ^{2 +} (s)+ CO_{3} ^{2-} (aq) \rightarrow MgCO_{3} (s)[/tex].

Magnesium carbonate is an ionic compound formed by the ionic bonding between Mg metal and carbonate group. The reaction of Mg with carbonic acid results in the formation of magnesium carbonate as written below:

[tex]\rm MgO + H_{2}CO_{3} \rightarrow MgCO_{3} + H_{2}O[/tex]

This reaction is an example of double displacement reaction. Here, the oxygen and carbonate groups interchange between Mg metal and hydrogen.

Here, Mg is in solid state an it forms the solid precipitate of magnesium carbonate as written in the ionic equation.

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The speed of a chemical reaction can be influenced by 5 different variables: Reactants' nature, concentration, temperature, surface area, and presence of a catalyst, together with their gaseous counterparts' pressure and nature, are all factors.

The collision theory is based on three major ideas:

1) For a chemical reaction to happen, particles need to collide.

2) For bonds to be broken, particles must collide with enough energy (this least amount of energy is known as the activation energy or EA.)

3. Particles need to collide in the right direction.

The reaction rate is the time it takes for a change to occur in the amount of a reactant or product.

At the beginning of a chemical reaction, the rate is always the quickest. The rate slows down as the reaction continues. For this reason, graphs that depict reaction progress are referred to as rate curves. The slope always starts out steeply before edging out over time.

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A solution that contains the chemical compounds CsF and HF will serve as a buffer.

When a weak acid, as well as its conjugate base or weak base as well as its conjugate acid, are combined, buffer solutions are created that serve to maintain the solution's pH level even when a little amount of a strong acid is added.

Except for CsF and HF, all of the aforementioned pairings will create a buffer solution since CsF is a weak base whereas F is the organic compound with the formula of HF acid.

A buffer is a substance that can withstand a pH shift when acidic or basic substances are added. It can maintain the solution's pH by neutralizing modest quantities of additional acid or base.

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They are known as anions when they are negatively charged and as cations when they are positively charged. Consequently, the response was: Hg(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 HgSO4 + 2NaNO3.

In an aqueous solution, the following reaction occurs: Na2S04+Hg2(N0,)2 ----> Hg2S04 + 2NaN0, Cross out the spectator ions after comparing the reactant and product sides of the revised reaction. Observer ions are any dissolved ions that exhibit the same form on both sides. If everyone is a spectator, then there is no reaction.

When comparing the solutions before and after the reaction, we can see that both solutions contain sodium and nitrate ions. They experience zero chemical alterations. These ions are known as spectator ions since they have no involvement in the chemical reaction (they just "watch").

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Answer:

there are 3 bonded atoms in carbon monoxide and a total of 6 electrons

Answer: There are a total of two bonded atoms in carbon monoxide: one carbon atom and one oxygen atom. There are no lone pairs in carbon monoxide.

Explanation:  Carbon monoxide, or CO, is a chemical compound made up of one carbon atom bonded to one oxygen atom. The molecule has a linear shape, with the carbon atom at one end and the oxygen atom at the other end. There are a total of two bonded atoms in carbon monoxide: one carbon atom and one oxygen atom.

In terms of lone pairs, or non-bonding electrons, carbon monoxide has none. Lone pairs are pairs of electrons that are not involved in bonding, and they are typically found in the outermost electron shell of an atom. In carbon monoxide, all of the electrons are either bonded to the other atom in the molecule or are involved in bonding to that atom. Therefore, there are no lone pairs in carbon monoxide.

Answer:

It is really easy and I don't want you to get in trouble for using other people's work I'm not saying i can't help but I think its wrong no offense  

Explanation:

A) Sugar B) Iodine C) Iodine number of grams of different solids in 100 g of the solvents - water, alcohol and chloroform

The term "solubility" describes how well a material (or "solute") dissolves in a particular solvent to form a solution.

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One element or one compound makes a pure substance. A mixture is made up of two or more distinct substances that are not chemically bonded.

Pure Substance can be identified by following characteristics. :

Mixtures can be identified by following characteristics:

Pure substances are those that have a fixed makeup and cannot be broken down into its component parts. Elements and compounds are divisions of pure substances. A mixture is any two or more pure substances together. There are two categories of mixtures: heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures.

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