The body does not normally mount an immune response to the food molecules due to Cell-Mediated Immunity which is a part of Humoral Immunity.
What is Cell-Mediated Immunity?
The cell-Mediated immune response involves the destruction of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells or the destruction of intracellular pathogens by macrophages.It does not involve antibody formation.It protects the body through T-cell mediated immunity, macrophages, and natural killer cells.The gastrointestinal immune system has the unique capacity to discriminate between harmless and potentially dangerous materials.Dietary antigens trigger the generation of a regulatory Treg cell type in the small intestine that suppresses immune response to food.
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What is the outer lining of the connective tissue that surrounds the diaphysis of a long bone and contains the blood vessels that supply the bone
The outer lining of the connective tissue that surrounds the diaphysis of a long bone and contains the blood vessels that supply the bone periosteum
Bone StructureThe periosteum (peri = "around" or "surrounding") is a fibrous membrane that covers the exterior of bones. Compact bone is nourished by the blood, nerve, and lymphatic veins found in the periosteum. At the periosteum, ligaments and tendons also connect to bones.
What is the diaphysis' structure?The diaphysis's walls are made of firm, the compact bone that is dense and compact. A typical long bone demonstrates the basic anatomical features of bone. The epiphysis (plural: epiphyses), which is filled with spongy bone, is the broader portion at each end of the bone. The gaps in the spongy bone are filled with red marrow.
What is the purpose of the bone's outer layer?The outer layer contains nerve fibers that produce pain when the tissue is injured and is primarily made of collagen. Additionally, it has a large number of blood arteries, some of which have branches that enter the bone and nourish the osteocytes or bone cells.
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Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase (specific) is usually positive in _____ cells, and alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (nonspecific)is useful for identifying blast cells of ______lineage.
Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase (specific) is usually positive in Granulocytic cells, and alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (nonspecific)is useful for identifying blast cells of monocytic lineage.
White blood cells known as granulocytes have tiny granules. Proteins are present in these granules. Granulocytes can be classified as neutrophils, eosinophils, or basophils. The body uses granulocytes, particularly neutrophils, to fight bacterial infections.A monocyte is a subtype of phagocyte and a type of white blood cell.The role of the monocyte-macrophage cell lineage in acute and chronic allograft immunopathology is becoming more widely acknowledged. It is linked to lower graft performance and survival when this lineage of cells predominates in tissue that is rejecting an allograft.learn more about Granulocytic cell here: https://brainly.com/question/13051753
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What is the process that all grade a milk must go through to destroy pathogenic bacteria?.
Answer:
pasteurization
Explanation:
what are two likey results of mitosis in an earthworm
Starch and cellulose are both polymers of glucose. If humans possess enzymes that can break down starch, why can they not use cellulose as a source of glucose as well
Humans cannot use cellulose as a source of glucose because Our digestive systems lack the enzymes necessary to hydrolyze the cellulose's -glycosidic bonds.
Cellulose is a key component of plants' stiff cell walls. A linear polysaccharide polymer with lots of glucose monosaccharide units is cellulose. Because of the beta acetal bond, it differs from starch. A significant disparity in digestibility in humans is caused by this particular variation in acetal linkages. Because they lack the necessary enzymes to dissolve the beta acetal bonds, humans are unable to digest cellulose. The intestinal tracts of creatures including cows, horses, sheep, goats, and termites contain symbiotic bacteria. The enzymes required to breakdown cellulose in the GI tract are present in these symbiotic bacteria. They possess the necessary enzymes for the breakdown or hydrolysis of the cellulose, whereas animals—not even termites—do not. No vertebrate can directly digest cellulose.however humans do not posses any such enzymes to break down cellulosic walls hence humans cannot use cellulose as a source of glucose.learn more about cellulose here: https://brainly.com/question/13551561
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Which of these is least likely to cause speciation? choose the correct answer.
a) sea levels fall, exposing a land bridge.
b) a new highway is built, separating members of a species.
c) some members of the species begin to favor new mating habits.
d) certain members of a species begin to specialize in a different food source.
b) a new highway is built, separating members of a species.
What is speciation?Speciation is the process by which new plant or animal species are developed. When a group within a species separates from other members of its species and evolves its own special traits, this is known as speciation.
What are the causes of speciation?In eukaryotic species, the processes of genetic separation (the division of one gene pool into two or more distinct gene pools) and phenotypic differentiation (the diversification of a population's range of observable physical traits) are both crucial to speciation. There are various theories on how speciation begins, and they diverge mostly in how geographic isolation and the origin of reproductive isolation are accounted for.
What are the types of speciation?Allopatric speciation
Populations that are totally divided (allopatry) by a natural barrier, such as a mountain range, river, or desert, most frequently experience geographic isolation. The two distinct populations have evolved to fit their distinct surroundings, and as a result, they have genetically diverged to the point where they cannot interbreed.
Sympatric speciation
In sympatric speciation, geographic isolation is not present; reproductive isolation takes place within a single population. Reproductive isolation typically occurs when populations are physically separated.
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Compare and contrast genetic engineering to the process of natural selection
Answer:
1) By selecting the genetic information that is passed on to future generations, genetic engineering is similar to natural selection.
3) By selecting the genetic information that is passed on to future generations, genetic engineering can happen at a different rate than natural selection.
4) Like natural selection, genetic engineering may be used on all organisms, including humans.
Explanation: In natural selection there is overtime selection for one particular trait and is mostly based on phenotype, whilst genetic engineering uses genotype of an organism and it is the deliberate modification of an organism by manipulating the genetic material
Vertical clinging and leaping is a locomotor pattern frequently practiced by some Group of answer choices apes. lemurs. terrestrial monkeys
Grasping and jumping vertically is a locomotor pattern often practiced by some terrestrial monkeys, because lemurs move by jumping in trees, being excellent jumpers, but lacking prehensile tails.
How does the monkey move?The locomotion of the monkeys takes place using the four limbs: legs and arms. Their hands and feet are developed so that they are useful for monkeys to cling to tree branches.
With this information, we can conclude that Primate locomotion can be classified on behavioral grounds into four major types: vertical clinging and leaping, quadrupedalism, brachiation, and bipedalism.
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Why can water provide a stable liquid environment within cells when the temperature changes?
Answer:
Water has a very high specific heat capacity. This is because energy is needed to break hydrogen bonds. water resists temperature changes, providing a more stable environment within cells and for aquatic organisms.
Advantages of vegetative reproduction
Answer:
Vegetative reproduction is any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagation.
see the attached file for advantages
Suppose that you were a researcher trying to understand how rising levels of atmospheric CO2 might affect ragweed plants, and thus seasonal ragweed allergies. What questions, hypotheses, and predictions might you want to study
Prediction a - Plants grown at higher CO2 levels will produce more pollen.
Hypothesis 2 b - CO2 levels affect the concentration of protein allergens in ragweed pollen.
Prediction c - Plants grown at higher CO2 levels will produce higher concentrations of allergens.
Researchers developed two hypotheses to explain why ragweed allergies appear to be getting worse as the global climate changes.• CO2 levels affect ragweed pollen production, with plants that grow at higher CO2 levels producing more pollen.
CO2 levels affect the concentration of allergens (the proteins that actually trigger allergic reactions) found in ragweed pollen, with plants that grow at higher CO2 levels characterized by pollen with higher concentrations of allergens.
The image is attached below showing the flow chart with answers.
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An insecticide may be applied on a cropland to combat a particular species of beetle. After the insecticide is applied, 75% of the beetles die. The beetles that died were unable to avoid or detoxify the chemical and were thus killed by
The beetles that died were unable to avoid or detoxify the chemical and were thus killed by nerve poison insecticides.
Chemicals called insecticides are used to kill insects or stop them from acting in an unwanted or destructive way. Their structure and mechanism of operation are used to categorize them.Most insecticides function by interfering with the insect's nervous system. The herbicide prevents neurotransmitters in synapses from transmitting information. Acetylcholine is the name of the substance that the body produces and uses to transmit information through synapses. Muscles can relax because of an enzyme called cholinesterase that binds to acetylcholine.Through the synapses, acetylcholine communicates with the muscles. The cholinesterase is impacted when a pesticide is administered at a deadly dose for a specific body, preventing it from binding with the acetylcholine. The muscles become overstimulated as a result, which will cause paralysis and death.
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Wavelength is 6.25x10^7 m whats the frequency
Answer:
[tex]\huge\boxed{\sf f=4.8 \ Hz}[/tex]
Explanation:
Given Data:Wavelength = λ = 6.25 × 10⁷ m
Speed of light = c = 2.998 × 10⁸ m/s
Required:Frequency = f = ?
Formula:[tex]\displaystyle f=\frac{c}{\lambda}[/tex]
Solution:Put the givens in the formula.
[tex]\displaystyle f=\frac{2.998 \times 10^8}{6.25 \times 10^7} \\\\f=0.48 \times 10^1\\\\f=4.8 \ Hz\\\\\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]
The adaptive radiation of the mammals occurred mostly during the Group of answer choices Pleistocene. Quaternary. Mesozoic. Cenozoic.
The adaptive radiation of the mammals occurred mostly during the Cenozoic period.
What is adaptive radiation?In recent years, a number of amazing findings have revolutionized our knowledge of Mesozoic mammals. These discoveries demonstrate hitherto unknown ecomorphological diversity, indicating that animals underwent a significant adaptive radiation during the Middle to Late Jurassic.Typically, adaptive radiation happens when an organism enters a new environment and varied features have an impact on its survival. This divergence occurs over a comparatively brief period of geological time. The evolution of mammals following the extinction of the dinosaurs is an illustration of adaptive radiation.Mammals evolved as a result of the extinction of the dinosaurs. when separate creatures start to resemble one another.To know more about adaptive radiation here:
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The specific pattern of genes inherited at conception defines an individual's Group of answer choices phenotype. genotype. genomic imprint. somatotype.
The specific pattern of genes inherited at conception defines an individual's is genotype.
What is a genotype?The genotype of an organism is the particular arrangement of alleles for a particular gene.
The term "genotype" refers to a person's entire gene pool. All visible traits for which genes contain the coding are collectively referred to as phenotypes.
There are three types of genotypes:
homozygous dominanthomozygous recessiveheterozygous.So, The correct option is B.
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examples of diploblastic organisms
Answer:
Jellyfish, corals, sea anemones and comb jellies.
Explanation:
Animals in which the cells are arranged in two embryonic layers—external ectoderm and internal endoderm—are called diploblastic animals.
10. Suppose a human blood cell containing a 0.9 percent solute concentration was put into a container of a 30 percent solute solution. Would the blood cell get bigger or smaller?
If the blood cell (hypotonic) is placed inside the 30% solute solution (hypertonic), then the cell will become smaller in the size (shrink) because of the osmotic pressure.
What are hypotonic and hypertonic solutions?Hypotonic solutions have lower solute concentrations compared to the hypertonic solution with a higher solute concentration. The blood cells have a hypotonic environment on their inside as it contains 0.9 % solute concentration.
The outer of the cell has a 30 % solute concentration making it hypertonic and hence the water from the cell will move out into the more concentrated solution making the cell shrink in the size.
Therefore, the blood cell will shrink in hypertonic solution.
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The presence of ________ dramatically increases the speed at which an action potential moves along an axon.
Answer:
Myelin
Explanation:
Which form of oral contraceptive releases different levels of estrogen and progesterone to mimic the hormonal fluctuations of the natural menstrual cycle
Multiphasic pills form of oral contraceptive releases different levels of estrogen and progesterone to mimic the hormonal fluctuations of the natural menstrual cycle.
What is the purpose of multiphasic pills?The dosages and progestin-to-estrogen ratios during the 21-day cycle are changed using multiphasic tablets.
What is oral contraceptive?a pill that is used to avoid pregnancy. It contains hormones that prevent the ovaries from releasing eggs.
What are the types in oral contraceptives?The combination pillThe progestin-only pillThe continuous use pill.Learn more about oral contraceptive here:
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The graph shows the changing levels of hormones during menstruation and ovulation. What happens to hormone levels during ovulation, and why is this important?
A graph shows the changing levels of hormones during menstruation and ovulation. As an individual approaches ovulation, hormone levels increase.
The hormone levels increase to prepare a woman’s body to receive a fertilized egg.
The hormone levels decrease to prepare a woman’s body to receive a fertilized egg.
The hormone levels increase, and the next menstrual cycle begins with shedding of the uterine lining.
The hormone levels decrease, and the next menstrual cycle begins with shedding of the uterine lining
Answer:
The hormone levels decrease, and the next menstrual cycle begins with shedding of the uterine lining
Explanation:
I know for sure; I researched this because I have severe period side effects!
Is a fly with no wings called a walk?
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
A fly without wings is often referred to as a "walk" or "crawl". also i love peanut butter
Answer:
I thinks it's called a disappointment.
Explanation:
It just is.
Why lactic acid fermentation is considered a type of Anaerobic respiration, when both of them are different things.
Answer:
Lactic acid fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration
(or fermentation) that breaks down sugars to produce
energy in the form of ATP. It is called anaerobic because it
occurs in the absence of oxygen . Lactic acid is generated
as a byproduct of this reaction, which is what gives this
type of fermentation its name.
and also Lactic acid fermentation is the type of anaerobic
respiration carried out by yogurt bacteria (Lactobacillus
and others)
Would you rather work as a veterinarian with birds or reptiles? Why?
And which reptile or bird is your favorite? **Just curious:)
birds
hummingbird because of its wing speed
Gymnosperms and angiosperms evolved ______ allowing them to live and reproduce in drier habitats than bryophytes and seedless vascular plants.
Gymnosperms and angiosperms evolved seeds and pollen grains allowing them to live and reproduce in drier habitats than bryophytes and seedless vascular plants.
Gymnosperms are plants which bear seeds without fruits or without any outer coverings. These plants also do not produce flowers. Most plants under this group have needle-shaped leaves. This is an adaptation as these plants grow in colder conditions. Gymnosperms. These plants produce pollen without bearing flowers. Angiosperms are found in almost all climatic conditions. These plants bear flowers and produce seeds that are enclosed inside a fruit or inside an ovary. The seeds of angiosperms have a single cotyledon.
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When water is heated in a metal pan or on a burner , both the water and the pen became hot. which of the two heated mainly by the mode of convection ? a. only the metal pan b. only the water in the pan c. both the metal pan and the water d. neither the metal pan nor the water
Option (a) Only the water in the pan is heated mainly by the mode of convection.
Convection is the method of heat transfer by the bulk movement of particles inside fluids like liquids and gases when heat is applied to them. the initial heat is motley provided by the conduction method but the heating of a fluid substance takes place via convection. Convection takes place due to the difference in the density of fluids.
Conduction is the process of heat transfer by direct contact due to the difference in temperature. Example utensils heat up when placed on a heater.
In the given context, the pan is heated by the virtue of conduction, and the water in the pan gets heated by the virtue of convection.
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Sickle cell anemia is a disease that causes the blood cells to be shaped like sickles instead of being circular. The table describes the phenotype of red blood cells when a particular genotype is present.
The type of inheritance that is shown by the genes that control sickle cell anemia is Codominance. The genes have a codominant pattern of inheritance because the heterozygous forms depict both traits equally.
What is Codominance?Co dominance may be defined as a condition where both alleles in heterozygous conditions give visible expression. In this situation, there is no dominant-recessive relationship between the alleles is observed.
In sickle cell anemia, the heterozygous conditions show the traits of both normal shapes of RBCs as well as the sickle shapes of RBCs. Thus, this type of inheritance pattern is known as Codominance.
The complete question is as follows:
Genotype Effect
homozygous recessive sickle cellshomozygous dominant normal, circular blood cellsheterozygous some normal cells and some sickle cells in the bloodWhat type of inheritance is shown by the genes that control sickle cell anemia? Explain your response.
Therefore, the type of inheritance that is shown by the genes that control sickle cell anemia is Codominance.
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Which of the following statements relate to natural selection? Select all that apply.
Check All That Apply
A. differential reproductive success
B. competition for resources
C. heritable variation
D. breeding to increase the frequency of desired traits
E. fitness
The following statements relate to natural selection: Differential reproductive success, Competition for resources, Heritable variation, and Fitness. Therefore options A, B, C, and E are correct.
A. Differential reproductive success: Natural selection favors individuals with advantageous traits that increase their chances of surviving and reproducing, leading to the passing on of those traits to the next generation.
B. Competition for resources: Natural selection occurs in populations facing limited resources, where individuals compete for survival and reproductive opportunities.
C. Heritable variation: Natural selection acts on heritable traits, meaning that traits that are passed down from parents to offspring can be subject to selection.
E. Fitness: Fitness refers to an individual's ability to survive, reproduce, and pass on its genes to the next generation, which is central to the process of natural selection.
Therefore options A, B, C, and E are correct.
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Which element is a metal?
O A. Ne
O B. Xe
C. F
D. Mo
Answer:
D. Molybdenum
So a metal is: a class of elements characterized by physical properties that include shininess, malleability, ductility, and conductivity.
So what is molybdenum?
It has the atomic number 42 and is a silvery-gray transition metal. Although the free element is not found in nature, it has an extremely high melting point—the sixth highest of all known elements. It is mostly mined and manufactured for alloying, notably with steel.
Uses for molybdenum metal include:
An alloying agent gives quenched and tempered steels their hardenability and toughness. Additionally, it increases steels' strength at high temperatures (red-hardness). In nickel-based alloys (such Hastelloys) and stainless steels, it gives chemical solutions heat resistance and corrosion resistance. Electrodes for forehearths and glass furnaces that use electricity for heating. Uses for nuclear energy, such as in missile and aircraft parts (where high temperature resistance is vital).As a catalyst in the petroleum refining process. In electronic and electrical applications as a filament material.As a pillar of support for lightbulbs and radios.Electric connections that are arc resistant.Sheaths for thermocouplesCoatings for other metals that prevent corrosion and flames (generally arc deposited for metallising).Liam is dehydrated because he has not drank enough water and has been exercising.
how will his body's endocrine system respond? why?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released by the hypothalamus through the posterior pituitary gland. The kidneys receive a signal from ADH to extract water from urine, which effectively dilutes the blood plasma.
What is dehydration?A condition that develops when the body loses too much of the fluids it needs to function normally, including water.
How does the endocrine system respond to dehydration?A person who is dehydrated, characterized by a net loss of water, which leaves insufficient water in the tissues and blood. Eventually, blood plasma is used to remove the water that leaves the body as exhaled air, perspiration, or urine. The thirst response, a chain of physiological events, is initiated as the blood gets more concentrated. In the thirst center of the hypothalamus, osmoreceptors are sensory receptors that keep track of the blood's osmolality, or solute content. The hypothalamus sends signals that cause a person to become aware of their thirst if blood osmolality rises above a healthy level. Water consumption is the appropriate response, and it usually is.
A dehydrated person's hypothalamus also releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) via the posterior pituitary gland. The blood plasma is diluted as a result of ADH telling the kidneys to extract water from urine. A dehydrated person's hypothalamus also tells the salivary glands in the mouth to preserve water through the sympathetic nervous system. The signals cause a decrease in the release of watery, sour substances. This alteration in secretions causes "dry mouth" and a thirst-inducing sensation.
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what are the feutures are class hexactinellida
Answer:lack an epidermal covering, and their skeletons are composed of spicules of silica.
Explanation:
The spicules, which often form a latticework, have six points or some multiple thereof. Glass sponges are pale in color and are cup- or basket-shaped.