the dayton accords multiple choice brought the deployment of peacekeeping troops to bosnia. ended the soviet invasion of afghanistan. ended the placement of soviet missiles on cuban soil. established the coalition that attacked iraq in the persian gulf war in 1990. brought a peaceful dissolution of the soviet union.

Answer:

To calculate the root mean square speeds of N2, O2, and O3 molecules in the stratosphere, we need to use the formula vrms = (3RT/M)^1/2, where vrms is the root mean square speed, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and M is the molar mass of the gas.

First, we need to convert the temperature in Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the temperature in Celsius. This gives us a temperature of -25.0 + 273.15 = 248.15 K.

Next, we need to calculate the root mean square speeds of N2, O2, and O3 molecules. The molar masses of these gases are 28.0134 g/mol for N2, 31.9988 g/mol for O2, and 48.0027 g/mol for O3. Using the formula above, we get the following root mean square speeds:

N2: vrms = (3 * 8.3145 * 248.15 / 28.0134)^1/2 = 446.8 m/s

O2: vrms = (3 * 8.3145 * 248.15 / 31.9988)^1/2 = 402.4 m/s

O3: vrms = (3 * 8.3145 * 248.15 / 48.0027)^1/2 = 303.1 m/s

Therefore, the root mean square speeds of N2, O2, and O3 molecules in the stratosphere at a temperature of -25.0C are 446.8 m/s, 402.4 m/s, and 303.1 m/s, respectively.

The correct option is both 1and 2, oxidation takes place at the anode of the galvanic cells and it also the source of electrons in current flow.

Oxidation process happens at the anode, and reduction process happens at the cathode. The anode is the negative terminal for the galvanic cell because the reaction at the anode is the source of the electrons for current.

The movement of electrons from one substance to another is what propels the process. Thermodynamics is in favor of this. The completion of the circuit in a galvanic cell or battery creates a pathway for the substance at the anode (oxidation) to transfer electrons to the substance at the cathode through the circuit (reduction).

A galvanic cell is a type of electrochemical device that generates an electric current by transferring electrons during the redox processes.

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pH = pKa M - moles/L 0.447 = m at the half-equivalence point, which is equal to 0.1537 M F.

The equivalency point for acid-base titrations is extremely simple to identify. To create a titration curve, different quantities of titrant are added, and then the pH of the solution is measured using a pH meter. Then, the curve's equivalence point can be determined.

A point of equivalency in a titration is the point at which the additional titrant and the sample analyte have chemically equivalent properties. On the other hand, the endpoint is when the color of the solution changes.

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The correct answer which can represent buffer is d) CH3COOH (weak acid) and KCH3COO.

A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added. A buffer is made up of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid. The weak acid and its conjugate base form a buffer because when the weak acid is added, it is partially neutralized by the conjugate base, and when the weak base is added, it is partially neutralized by the conjugate acid.

When CH3COOH (weak acid) and KCH3COO (potassium salt of the weak acid) are in solution, the CH3COOH is partially neutralized by the KCH3COO, making it an effective buffer.

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According to the specific heat capacity, the specific heat capacity of refrigerant is 0.00050 J/kgK.

Specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by one degree Celsius. It has units of calories or joules per gram per degree Celsius.

Specific heat capacity of a substance is infinite as it undergoes phase transition ,it is highest for gases and can rise if the gas is allowed to expand.

It is given by the formula ,

Q=mcΔT

Substitution in formula gives m=100 g, c=1.84-0.823=1.017 ,Δt=-60-(-40)=-20,Q=100×1.017×(-20)=-2034 J.

Thus, the energy change  when 100. g of 410A goes from -40.0 °C to -60.0 °C is -2034 J.

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The number of molecules in 1 g of isopentyl acetate, C₇H₁₄O₂ is 4.21 * 10²¹ molecules.

Isopentyl acetate is a compound that is known as an alkanoate.

An alkanoate is a compound that is formed when an alkanol and an alkanoic acid react together, water is also produced.

The number of molecules in one gram of isopentyl acetate is determined from the molar mass of isopentyl acetate.

In one mole of isopentyl acetate, the number of molecules present is equal to the Avogadro number of molecules which is 6.02 * 10²³ molecules.

The molar mass of isopentyl acetate, C₇H₁₄O₂ = (12 * 7 + 1 * 14 + 16 * 2) g/mol

The molar mass of isopentyl acetate, C₇H₁₄O₂ = 130 g/mol

The number of moles in 1 g of isopentyl acetate, C₇H₁₄O₂ = 1/130

The number of moles in 1 g of isopentyl acetate, C₇H₁₄O₂ = 0.0077 moles

Number of molecules in 1 g of isopentyl acetate, C₇H₁₄O₂ = 0.0077 * 6.02 * 10²³

The number of molecules in 1 g of isopentyl acetate, C₇H₁₄O₂ = 4.21 * 10²¹ molecules.

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Answer Only 3. Sulfonates, Being a surfactant, sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) has an impact on the surfaces it contacts. It is incorporated into a wide range of goods, including floor cleaners, toothpaste, and food thickeners.

You utilise water and oil in all of your soaps and cleaning supplies. However, they don't combine on their own.

Surfactants, however, bring them closer. The linked oil and water molecules in soap rub against grime and grease to produce cleansing force.

Surfactants are used in so many products because of this. They mix the components necessary for cleaning. ‌

Making sodium lauryl sulphate is very simple, cheap, and effective in a variety of applications. In many popular goods found in the home and at work, it is labelled as an ingredient.

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The solid which has the described property is aluminium. Aluminium in solid state does not conduct but in its molten state it conducts.

Aluminium is 13th element in periodic table. Al is an electron deficient metal  but it is placed among the non-metals since it does not conduct electricity in its solid state.

The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it converts from its solid state to liquid state. Al has a boiling point of 2400 °C. It is because of its solid nature and strong intermolecular fore of attraction.

Some solid will breaks easily when a damping force is applied and this breaking tendency is called brittlessness. Al is brittle in nature and not as hard as pure metals.

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steps in the biological pathway for carbohydrate metabolism is First and foremost, the base B abstracts a proton from the hydroxy group of carbon 4 .The image depicts further electron transfer (bond shifting), and the electron eventually resides on the electronegative oxygen atom.

A step from the mechanism of interconversion of D gluconic acid and D mannonic acid is given in the following reaction. The reaction is an epimerization reaction in which one of the carbon configurations changes. In the step described here, base A- abstracts a proton from the hydroxyl group, causing the electron pair to shift as shown in the image. The chemical adjusts that take place within a cell or organism. These adjustments create power and the equipment that cells and organisms necessitate to develop, replicate, and keep themselves alive. A fast metabolism does not necessarily imply thinness. In fact, studies have shown that people who really are overweight or obese frequently have fast metabolisms.

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The time taken for equal volume of carbon (IV) oxide to diffuse under the same condition is 92 seconds

We know that the rate of diffusion of gases is given by the following formula:

R₁/R₂ = √(M₂/M₁) = t₂/t₁

Where

Now, we shall obtain the time taken for equal volume of carbon (IV) oxide to diffuse. Details below:

t₂/t₁ = √(M₂/M₁)

t₂ / 96 = √(44 / 48)

Cross multiply

t₂ = 96 ×√(44 / 48)

t₂ = 92 seconds

Thus, we can conclude that the time for carbon (IV) oxide to diffuse is 92 seconds

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The percent yield of the reaction is 82.5%.

The actual yield divided by the hypothetical yield multiplied by 100 is known as the percent yield.

The balanced reaction is Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 \ \rightarrow\ \ \ 2FE(NO3) + 3H2O

Moles of Fe2O3 taken = 87.3/160

= 0.545 mol

Moles of HNO3 taken = 126.5/63

= 2.01 mol

0.545 mol Fe2O3 \rightarrow 6 x 0.545 mol HNO3

= 3.27 mol HNO3

But we have only 2.01 mol HNO3, so HNO3 is the limiting reagent

Theoretical moles of Fe(NO3)3 formed

= 2/6 x 2.01

= 0.67 mol

Theoretical moles of Fe(NO3)3 = 0.67 x 24

= 162.1g

Percent yield = (actual yield/ theoretical yield ) x 100

= (133.7/162.1) x 100

= 82.5%

Therefore the percent yield of the reaction is 82.5%

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Amounts of absorbance have no units. Centimeters are used to measure path length. The unit of molar absorptivity is derived from these two as M⁻¹cm⁻¹.

Molar absorptivity is the characteristic that gauges how strongly a chemical species absorbs light of a specific wavelength. Beer-Lambert law links a light's attenuation to the features of the medium it travels through. This law is given as A = εcl where A is the absorbance, l is the path length in centimeters, c is molar concentration in M, and ε is molar absorptivity. From the above equation, we can find the unit of molar absorptivity as,

[tex]\begin{aligned}\epsilon&=\frac{A}{c\cdot l}\\&=\frac{\text{no unit}}{\text{M\;cm}}\\&=\mathrm{M^{-1}cm^{-1}}\end{aligned}[/tex]

Therefore, the required answer is M⁻¹cm⁻¹.

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A peroxyacid is an acid containing an acidic -OOH group.

The two main classes are those derived from mineral acids in general, particularly sulfuric acid, and the peroxy derivatives of organic carboxylic acids. They are generally strong oxidants. Peracids are mainly used as oxidizing agents. It is used to readily add oxygen to alkenes to form epoxides and convert ketones to esters and amines to nitro compounds, amine oxides, or nitroso compounds.

Peroxycarboxylic acids have the unique property of having an electropositive oxygen atom in the COOH group. This reaction is initiated by an electrophilic oxygen atom that reacts with a nucleophilic carbon-carbon double bond. The mechanism involves a concerted reaction with a four-part cyclic transition state.

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The half-reaction at anode in the electrolysis of molten sodium bromide is b).2 Br- ------------> Br2 + 2e-

The electrolysis of molten sodium bromide involves passing a direct current through a molten NaBr solution. The positively charged cations (Na+) move towards the cathode where they gain electrons and become neutral atoms.

At the anode, the negatively charged bromide ions (Br-) are oxidized and the bromine atoms are released. The bromide ions are also reduced to form hydrogen gas.

At the same time, the electrons released at the anode combine with the sodium atoms to form sodium hydroxide, which is released as a liquid in the solution. This process can be used to produce hydrogen, sodium hydroxide, and bromine.

At anode : Oxidation reaction takes place

2Br⁻ ------------> Br₂ + 2e⁻

At Cathode : Reduction reaction takes place

2Na⁺ + 2e⁻ --------------> 2Na

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The stoichiometry calculation involves the ratios of atoms within a compound, and ratios of substances in a chemical reaction.

The stoichiometry calculation involves the relationship between the product and the reactants in the chemical rection. stoichiometry is the measurement of the element. the steps follows the stoichiometry calculation is :

1) balance the chemical reaction.

2) convert the substance units to moles.

3) by using the moles ratio to calculate the yield of the substances in the reaction.

4) convert the moles of the needed elements to the required units.

The stoichiometry calculation is mostly based on the chemical formulas of the compound.

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Using 645 L /s of oxygen at 195 ° C and 0.88 atm will result in 0.355kg/s of NO.

First, we go through the equation for the conversion of NH3 to NO: 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) ⟶4 NO(g) +6 H2O(l). (l)

Next, we compile the data that will be used in our computations.

645 L/s O2 Volume Rate

0.88 atm of pressure

Temperature is equal to 195°C plus 273°K.

NO has a molecular mass of 30.01 g/mol.

Third, using the basic gas equation PV =n RT, we must determine how many moles (n) are contained in 645L of O2 in order to compute the number of NO moles created by this amount of O2.Keep in mind that the constant R in this equation is 0.08205Lxatm/Kxmol.

PV =n RT

n= PV / RT

n= [0.08205 Lxatm/Kxmol] x 468K / [(0.08atm x 645L/s)]

n= 14.781 moles of oxygen per second.

Fourth, now that we know how many moles of O2 will be created, we can use the equation to determine how many moles of NO will also be produced. Finally, with the help of the molecular weight, we will be able to get the total mass per second.

14.781 moles of O2 x 4 moles of NO x 5 moles of O2 x 30.01g of NO x 1 mol of NO x 1 kg of NO /1000g of NO = 0.355 kg/s of NO

Complete question:

Nitric acid is a key industrial chemical, largely used to make fertilizers and explosives. The first step in its synthesis is the oxidation of ammonia. In this reaction, gaseous ammonia reacts with dioxygen gas to produce nitrogen monoxide gas and water. Suppose a chemical engineer studying a new catalyst for the oxidation of ammonia reaction finds that liters per second of dioxygen are consumed when the reaction is run at and . Calculate the rate at which nitrogen monoxide is being produced. Give your answer in kilograms per second. Round your answer to significant digits.

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When naming ionic compounds, the cationic part or the metal is named first. The name of Cs₂CO₃ is cesium carbonate and the name of SrI₂ is strontium iodide. SrCO₃ is named as strontium carbonate and CsI is cesium iodide.

Chemical formula of a compound is the simplest way to represent the compound. Chemical formulas help to identify and distinguish the compound easily.

The ionic compounds are named starting with the cationic part and secondly the anionic part. For example, the compound  Cs₂CO₃ is named starting with the metal part cesium then the anionic part carbonate. Thus, its name is cesium carbonate.

Similarly the two compounds of strontium are named as, SrI₂ - strontium iodide and SrCO₃  as strontium carbonate.

The ionic compound, CsI is named as cesium iodide.

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Concentration of solution having pH 6.45 is 3.55 * 10 -7 M. Concentration of solution having pH 5.28 is 1.90 * 10 -9 M and pH of the solution is 5.45.

pH of a solution is the measure of hydrogen ion concentration, which in turn is a measure of its acidity. Pure water dissociates slightly into equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxyl (OH−) ions.

Concentration of a solution is a measure of the amount of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution. A concentrated solution is one that has a relatively large amount of dissolved solute. A dilute solution is one that has a relatively small amount of dissolved solute

a.   The pH of a solution is 6.45

     pH = 6.45

     pH= -log [H+]

      = [tex]10^-6.45[/tex]

    [H+] = 3.55 * 10 -7 M

b. A solution has a pH of 5.28, find the [H+] and [OH-] concentration.

    pH = 5.28

    pH= -log [H+]

    = [tex]10^-5.28[/tex]

    [H+] = 5.25 * 10 -6 M

    As [H+] [OH-} = 10-14

     [OH-] = 10-14 / [H+]

               = 10 -14 /  5.25 * 10 -6

                = 1.90 * 10 -9 M

   As pH is less than 7 the solution is acidic.

c.  If a solution has a concentration of 3.5 . 10-6 M

    here calculated pH = 5.45

    As pH is less than 7, the solution is acidic.

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As the temperature of a gas sample increases, the velocity distribution of the molecules shifts towards higher velocities and becomes less peaked.

This is due to the fact that the average kinetic energy of the molecules increases with increasing temperature. Since the molecules have more energy, their velocities become more spread out, and the peak of the velocity distribution shifts to the right.

This means that the fastest molecules are moving faster than before. At the same time, the spread of the distribution becomes tighter, resulting in a sharper peak. This is because the molecules are more likely to move at the same speed, so the fraction of them moving at any given speed is much higher.

This effect is most pronounced at higher temperatures, as the molecules have more energy to spread out in a larger range of velocities.

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The following cases would recrystallization be favored over extraction when purifying a mixture of two solid compounds is  II. Option B.

A compound is a substance in which two or more different chemical elements are combined in a certain ratio. When elements come together, they react with each other to form unbreakable chemical bonds.

The definition of recrystallization is a compound purification technique in which a compound is dissolved in a solvent and slowly cooled to form crystals that represent a purer form of the compound. Scientists use recrystallization to purify solids usually products from various chemical reactions in a compound are dissolved.

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For every two QH2 that enter the Q cycle, one is regenerated and the other passes its two electrons to two cytochrome c1 centers. The free energy change associated with the Q cycle is -33.8 kJ/mol

Q + 2H+ + 2 e- --> QH2 Eo' = +0.045 V

One QH2 is created for every two that enter the Q cycle, while the other one transfers its two electrons to two cytochrome c1 centers. Even though cytochrome c can only take one electron, QH2 struggles to transfer  free energy the two available electrons to it. So, in a single Q cycle, two cytochrome c molecules are reduced, one ubiquinol molecule is created, four bare pumped into the intermembrane  free energy space, and two protons are taken up from the matrix.

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Zn(s) = Zn2+ (aq) + is the half-reaction on the anode, where oxidation takes place (2e-). To create Zn2+, the zinc loses two electrons. Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- = Cu is the half-reaction on the cathode where reduction takes place.

Oxidation half reaction (anode) : Mg(s) → Mg²(aq) + 2e⁻

Reduction half reaction (cathode) : Cd²(aq) + 2e⁻ → Cd(s)

Thus the overall reaction will be,

Mg(s) + Cd²(aq) → Mg²(aq) + Cd(s)

Here is an illustration of a half cell reaction at the anode: Zn(s)→Zn2+(aq)+2e−. The zinc metal loses two electrons during the process, forming the Zn2+ ion. As a result of the loss of electrons, the anode's half-cell reaction is an oxidation half-reaction.

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The pH value after adding 0.05 M of sulfuric acid to a solution consisting of 0.1 M of weak acid and its salt is o.91.

The pH scale determines how acidic or basic water is. The range is 0 to 14, with 7 representing neutrality. Acidity is indicated by pH values below 7, whereas baseness is shown by pH values above 7. In reality, pH is a measurement of the proportion of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in water.

Ka = [ H⁺ ] [ B⁻ ] / [ HB ]

HB = H⁺ + B⁻

Ka = 4.47

C= 0.1

x = ( - 4.47 + (4.47 )² + 4 ( 0.1 ) ( 4.47 )²/2

= 15.51 + 0.844 / 2

= 16.354/ 2

=8.177

pH = - log [ H⁺ ]

= - log ( x )

= -log ( 8.177 )

pH = 0.91

Thus, The pH value after adding 0.05 M of sulfuric acid to a solution consisting of 0.1 M of weak acid and its salt is o.91.

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When bases react with water they produce hydroxide ions

OCH₃⁻ + H₂O → CH₃OH (methanol) + OH⁻ (hydroxide)

here, the methoxide ion acted as a base, by bonding with the hydrogen atom released by water to form methanol and hydronium ion

Br − + H ₂ O⇄ 2 HOBr + OH −

C₃H₂N₄+O₂+ H₂O→ CO2 + H2O + NH3

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Positive sodium ions (Na+) and negative hydroxide ions are produced when the base sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dissolves in water. The chemical formula NaOH H 2 O OH- + Na can be used to symbolise this.

When a substance dissolves in water, it emits negative nonmetal ions and positive hydrogen ions (H+), which are the byproducts of the reaction. Atoms that have gained or lost electrons are known as ions, which are charged particles. An acid is anything like hydrochloric acid (HCl). When it dissolves in water, it releases positive hydrogen ions and negative chloride ions (Cl-). The chemical equation: can be used to illustrate this.

HCl _H2o__ H+ + Cl-

When a substance dissolves in water, it releases positive metal ions and negative hydroxide ions (OH-). This is what is known as a base. One such instance is the formation of negative hydroxide ions and positive sodium ions (Na+) when the base sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dissolves in water. The chemical equation: can be used to illustrate this.

NaOH _H2o__ OH- + Na+

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Answer: Momentum depends upon two variables which are mass and velocity.

Explanation: Every moving thing possesses a quantity of motion, as defined by Newton. It is known as momentum nowadays. A moving object's characteristic called momentum is influenced by its mass and speed.

By dividing the mass by the speed of a moving item, one can calculate its momentum.

Momentum is equivalent to mass times speed.

Momentum has a direction and a strength, just like velocity, acceleration and force. An object's momentum moves in the same direction as its speed. A moving thing is more difficult to stop the more momentum it possesses.

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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to give the remaining product of ATP hydrolysis diagram is [SEE in attachement]

It will be presumed that more KHP is present in the solution if additional NaOH is added. As a result, the % KHP will be higher than anticipated. If the concentration of NaOH is doubled, just half the volume from the initial experiment is needed. To titrate NaOH with KHP, add NaOH from the burette to a predetermined amount of KHP. The mass and volume of KHP utilized to create the KHP solution are used to calculate the molarity of the KHP solution. The molarity of the NaOH is then determined using the information from the titration.

Additionally, ATP hydrolysis generates energy for coupling processes. (When ATP is used in a reaction, it sends energy along with its third phosphate to the chemical process. By phosphorylating another molecule, it releases the energy. Additionally, ATP hydrolysis uses energy coupling to carry out work in cells.)

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Using the ideal gas law, 0.0025 moles of oxygen gas are created when 2H2O2 (aq) reacts with 2H2O (l) and O2 (g).

Given that, according to the balanced chemical equation, hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, breaks down to produce water and oxygen gas:

2H2O2 (aq) -> 2H2O (l)+ O2 (g)

Ideal temperature (t) =  295.15 K and

pressure (p) =1 atm

Volume of oxygen gas (v) = 0.061 L

R = 0.0821

From the ideal gas law equation = pv= nRt

n = pv/Rt = 1 x 0.061/0.082x 295.15

n = 0.0025moles

Hence the number of moles produced from the above reaction is 0.0025

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Many anions-containing substances, including sulfide (S2), hydroxide (OH), carbonate (CO32), and phosphate (PO43), are frequently insoluble in water. If one of these anions is dissolved in a solution with a metal cation like Fe2+, Cu2+, or Al3+, a precipitate will result from the addition.

What do you call a precipitate that forms from a solution?

An insoluble solid that separates from a liquid solution is known as a precipitate in chemistry. Precipitation is the term used to describe the insoluble solid emerging from the solution. Most frequently, the precipitate appears as a suspension.

What kind of product will precipitate?

If the resultant chemical is water insoluble, a precipitate will develop. As an illustration, a solution of magnesium bromide is combined with a solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3) (MgBr2).

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The all names of the atom and ion are explained in detail.

What is atom ?

An atom is made up of a core nucleus and one or more negatively charged electrons that orbit it. The positively charged, comparatively hefty protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus may be present.

What is ion ?

Depending on whether the number of electrons in an atom is higher or fewer than the number of protons in the atom, an atom can have a positive charge or a negative charge. An atom is referred to be an ION when it is drawn to another atom due to an imbalance in its electron and proton numbers.

1. Ni(NH3)4Cl2 = Tetraaminenickle(II) chloride.

2. [ crcl2(oh2)4 ]+ = tetraaquadichlorochromium(II) ion

3. [ crcl4(oh2)2 ]– = diaquatetrachlorochromate(III) ion

4. [Cr(OH2)(NH3)5]3+ = pentaammineaquachromium(III) lon

5. [ Ha(OH)Cl3 ]– = trichlorohydroxogallate (III) lon

6.cis–[ PtBrCl(NO2)2 ]2– = cis-Bromochlorodinitroplatinate (IV) ion

7. trans– [ Co(OH)Clen2 ]+  = trans-chlorobisethylenediamminehydroxocobalt (III) ion

8. [ Mn(CO)3 (C6H6) ]+ = Benzenetricarbonylmagnese (I) ion

9. Ni(CO)4 = tetracarbonylnickel ,Nickel carbonyl (IUPAC name: tetracarbonylnickel)

10. Nh4 [AuCl] = Ammonium tetrachloroaurate(III)

The set of rules for naming a coordination compound is:–

When naming a complex ion, the ligands are named before the metal ion.

Write the names of the ligands in the following order: neutral, negative, positive.

If there are multiple ligands of the same charge type, they are named in alphabetical order.

Multiple occurring monodentate ligands receive a prefix according to the number of occurrences: di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, or hexa.

Polydentate ligands (e.g., ethylenediamine, oxalate) receive bis-, tris-, tetrakis-, etc.

Anions end in -ido. This replaces the final “e” when the anion ends with “-ate” (e.g, sulfate becomes sulfato) and replaces “-ide” (cyanide becomes cyanido).

Neutral ligands are given their usual name, with some exceptions: NH3 becomes ammine; H2O becomes aqua or Aqua

Write the name of the central atom/ion. If the complex is an anion, the central atom’s name will end in -ate, and its Latin name will be used if available .

If the central atom’s oxidation state needs to be specified, write it as a Roman numeral (or 0) in parentheses.

End with “cation” or “anion” as separate words .

Therefore, the all names of the atom and ion are explained in detail.

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