suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. in a short span of time, there is a large influx of skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity production. in the short run, we would expect

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Answer 1

Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity production. In the short run, we would expect the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.

Long-run equilibrium is determined by what?

An economy is in a recession if the present real GDP is lower than the output at full employment. A boom in the economy can be seen if the real GDP at the moment is higher than the output at full employment. We argue that the economy is in long-run equilibrium if present output is equivalent to full employment output.

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randy has ten shares of stock that he bought on april 1, 2012, for $5 each. on march 1, 2013, he sells all of the shares for $200. what is the income tax consequence of the sale?

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Randy bought 10 shares of stock on April 1, 2012, for a total of $5 per share. He sold every stake for $200 on March 1, 2013. The transaction has a $150 income tax consequence.

Any profit or capital gain that an individual receives through the sale of short-term capital assets is referred to as a short-term capital gain. This includes any profit on assets that can depreciate.

April 1, 2012, to March 1, 2013, for holding

The shares have been held for less than a year, thus there has been a short-term gain or loss.

Here, Sale Value = $200

Cost of acquisition = 5 × 10

= $50

A short-term capital gain is present since the sale price is higher than the purchase price.

Short-term capital gain = Sale Value - Cost of acquisition

= $200 - $50

= $150

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which of the three leadership styles described in the textbook is the most effective? support your position.

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First-line managers coordinate and supervise the activities of operating employees doing the hands-on work of the organization. First-line managers spend most of their time working and motivating their employees, answering questions, and solving day-to-day problems.

Coordination is a management function that allows different departments and groups to work in sync. Therefore, there is cohesion in behavior between employees, groups and departments. It also brings harmony in carrying out various tasks and activities in order to efficiently achieve organizational goals.

Coordination is mainly to bring together the human and material resources of the organization so that employees do not perform work beyond their purpose. Therefore, fewer resources are wasted, helping organizations to use them optimally.

Coordination skills are important to employers as they demonstrate their ability to manage multiple projects (and possibly people) at once. With strong coordination skills, you can be more organized and contribute to the efficient day-to-day operation of your company.

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if you choose to omit a career objective, what should you include in your cover message? your objectives and goals your complete employment history your education history

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Your ultimate career goal can be included or omitted,if it can be inferred from your goals.Example I am looking for a part-time position at a day care center to gain practical experience.

Here are five things to consider leaving out of your resume Mission Statement.One of the most common questions job seekers have about writing a resume is whether to include an objective,Hobbies,Irrelevant work experience,Instead,focus on one or two main goals and briefly explain how you plan to achieve them or how they will benefit your career in the long run.This shows that you have thought about these goals and are clear about what you want in the future.In the case of short-term jobs, the role might not add any experience or skills to the new job. In this case, it's safe to leave it off your resume.This might include any side jobs or gigs you did temporarily unless the skills of the temporary job are relevant to the new position.

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thorpe mfg., inc., is currently operating at only 76 percent of fixed asset capacity. current sales are $600,000. how fast can sales grow before any new fixed assets are needed?

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There should be an increase in sales of $189,473.68.

A business raises money to buy assets that are later used to make money (sales). Utilizing fixed assets effectively is crucial because as utilisation rises, so will sales and profits. The business will require new assets to increase revenue once the current ones have been fully exploited.

We know that,

Full capacity sales = Current sales ÷ Current capacity

It is given that,

Current sales = $600000

Current capacity = 76% = 0.76

Thus,

Full capacity sales = Current sales ÷ Current capacity

= $600000 ÷ 0.76

= 7,89,473.68

Thus, there is a need to increase the sales by $1,89,473.68 i.e. $789473.68 - $600000

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a 5.0 percent coupon bond issued by the nassau county sells for $1,000. what coupon rate on a corporate bond selling at $1,000 par value would produce the same after-tax return to the investor as the municipal bond if the investor is in the 20 percent marginal tax bracket?

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The correct answer is 12.92. Tax Equivalent Yield = Municipal Yield / (1 - Tax Rate). The calculation may be a tool that investors will use to check the returns between an untaxed investment and a rateable difference.

Municipal Yield = 8.4%

Tax Rate = V-day

Tax Equivalent yield = eight.4% / (1 - 15%)

=9.88%

Municipal Yield =8.4%

Tax Rate = twenty fifth

Tax Equivalent yield = eight.4% / (1 - 25%)

=11.20%

c) Municipal Yield = 8.4%

Tax Rate = thirty fifth

Tax Equivalent yield = 8.4% / (1 - 35%)

=12.92%

The tax-equivalent yield is the comeback that a rateable bond would wish to equal the yield on a comparable nontaxable  bond certificate.

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what are you getting in order after reading through your recipe if you prep your ingredients by chopping them up before you start cooking? yield percentage cost analysis mise en place maillard

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You getting mis en place in order after reading through your recipe if you prep your ingredients by chopping them up before you start cooking.

"Mise en place" is French slang meaning "putting in position" or "gathering." It usually refers to gathering and setting up the ingredients a cook will require for the dishes that are anticipated to be prepared during a shift in professional kitchens. It alludes to the preparation required before cooking.

a kitchen with the ingredients for a recipe for peanut brittle.

The method is applicable in domestic kitchens. In the kitchen, the phrase is employed as a noun, a verb, and a state of mind. The word can be used in a number of contexts, such as schools, hospitals, and IT departments.

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just as vehicles travel on a highway, bits travel on a(n) ______.
a. circuit b. bus c. car d. channel

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 Just as vehicles travel on a highway, bits travel on a Bus . A bus is a communication mechanism used in computer architecture that transports data between computer components or between computers.

Thus correct option is B .

This term includes all relevant software, including communication protocol, and hardware (wire, optical fibre, etc.).Data is processed and stored by computers as a collection of electrical bits. Electrical pathways are used in the computer to transfer these bits. The many components inside the system unit and those attached to it can communicate with one another through each channel, or bus.

Bits travel on a bus in the same manner that vehicles go on a highway. Bits are moved between input devices and memory, between memory and the processor, between the processor and memory, and between memory and output or storage devices using buses.

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if opec increases its price of oil, and still the demand for oil decreases by a very small amount, we can conclude that the demand for oil is

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If opec increases its price of oil, and still the demand for oil decreases by a very small amount, we can conclude that the demand for oil is relatively inelastic.

Price elasticity measures how responsive the supply and demand for a good are to price changes. It is computed by multiplying the percentage change in quantity demanded—or delivered—with the percentage change in price.

There are two forms of elasticity: inelastic and elastic (or extremely responsive) (or not very responsive).

Elastic demand or supply curves state that the amount demanded or supplied reacts to price changes in a way that is greater than proportional.

On an inelastic demand or supply curve, respectively, a given percentage change in price will result in a smaller percentage change in the quantity desired or furnished.

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who does the project manager need to get approval from before indicating a go for the project? select all that apply.

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Project manager need stakeholders to get approval from before indicating a go for the project.

After creating a plan for the project, you must acquire the stakeholders' approval before you can begin. Obtaining approval is crucial because you require the support of stakeholders for the project to succeed.

A stakeholder is a party with an interest in a business who has the potential to influence or be affected by it. A typical corporation's investors, employees, clients, and suppliers make up its main stakeholders.

However, the idea has been broadened to encompass communities, governments, and trade groups as a result of the growing focus on corporate social responsibility.

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what is personal finance literacy ​

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Answer: Personal Finance Literacy is the ability to read, analyze, manage, and communicate about the personal financial conditions that affect material well-being. It includes the ability to discern. Financial literacy is the ability to understand and effectively use various financial skills, including personal financial management, budgeting, and investing. The meaning of financial literacy is the foundation of your relationship with money, and it is a lifelong journey of learning. The earlier you start, the better off you will be because education is the key to success when it comes to money.

Explanation: The term financial literacy refers to a variety of important financial skills and concepts.

People who are financially literate are generally less vulnerable to financial fraud.

A strong foundation of financial literacy can help support various life goals, such as saving for education or retirement, using debt responsibly, and running a business.

Key aspects to financial literacy include knowing how to create a budget, plan for retirement, manage debt, and track personal spending.

Financial literacy can be obtained through reading books, listening to podcasts, subscribing to financial content, or talking to a financial professional.

Hope this was helpful

Answer:

Personal financial literacy (PFL) gives students the knowledge and skills needed to make informed financial decisions, develop sound financial habits, and manage money effectively.

an operation receives an inspection report that notes a sanitation deficiency related to the employee restroom. what action should the manager take?

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An operation receives an inspection report that notes a sanitation deficiency related to the employee restroom. Manager should Review the master cleaning schedule.

Sanitation describes factors that affect human health related to drinking water and "the treatment and disposal of sewage and sewage." By creating a clean environment that prevents the spread of diseases, especially through faces and mouth, the sanitation system seeks to protect human health. All places are full of people when we visit them, whether it is a market square, a park, an airport, a hospital, a theater, a train station, or a bus station.

Local authorities are responsible for maintaining a clean environment in public areas, but we can also support their efforts. By adopting some basic habits, we can improve sanitation in public places:

Do not throw trash in public places, including paper, food scraps, bags, dirty water bottles, etc.Garbage needs to be placed in appropriate bins. However, if there is no trash can nearby, we have to bring it home and put it in the trash can.We should not spit in public places.After eating a banana, you are not allowed to throw the peel in public or on the side of the road.Never take it easy on the side of the road.

In public places, it is important to practice good hygiene since garbage can spread contamination. Insects and mosquitoes can breed in sewage left outside. Diseases such as cholera and dysentery are caused primarily by poor sanitation. Garbage production is a necessary part of human activities. However, we can control the quantity and quality of waste produced. We can help with proper waste disposal.

an operation receives an inspection report that notes a sanitation deficiency related to the employee restroom. Manager should Review the master cleaning schedule.

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when general motors cut its 2006 ad budget by $600 million, it shifted its marketing resources toward which communication channels?

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The General Motors shifted its marketing resources towards direct marketing communication channels when it cut its 2006 budget by $600 million. Therefore, the option B holds true.

The direct marketing can be referred to or considered as a method of formation of a communication channel, wherein an organization tries to establish a connectivity with the public by the way of using direct resources, and not relying on external factors of marketing resources or other such methods of marketing, as such.

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Complete question

When General Motors cut its 2006 ad budget by $600 million, it shifted its marketing resources toward which communication channels?

A. indirect marketing

B. direct marketing

C. Digital marketing

D. None of the above

the market value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given time period is called:_______.

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the market value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given time period is called GDP.

The main quantitative indicator of economic activity is the gross domestic product. It is a measurement of the total market value of all finished goods and services produced within a nation's borders in a given year.

GDP calculates the monetary value of the final goods and services—those purchased by the consumer—produced in a nation during a specific time period (say a quarter or a year). It accounts for all the output produced inside a nation's boundaries.

The value of the final domestic goods and services generated inside a country's boundaries is known as the gross domestic product (GDP). The value of all finished goods and services owned by a nation's citizens, regardless of whether those goods were made in that nation, is what is known as its gross national product (GNP).

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you are looking for advanced techniques that go beyond the standard reports to help you uncover deeper insights about your customers' engagement. which section would you open in your analytics property?

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Explorations is a collection of advanced techniques that go beyond standard reports to help you uncover deeper insights about your customer's behavior.

A client is the recipient of a thing, service, product, or idea in sales, commerce, or economics that they have purchased from a seller, vendor, or supplier in exchange for money or another useful consideration.

Clients who frequently do business with a seller establish habits that enable regular, sustained commerce, which in turn enables the seller to create statistical models to enhance production procedures that alter the nature or form of goods or services, as well as supply chains that alter the location or formally enact ownership or entitlement transactions. The two concepts are separate, regardless of whether a customer is also a consumer.

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drew's work in the finance department of his firm consists of checking accounting records and financial statements to verify that proper procedures are followed. drew serves his company as a(n): a. cpa. b. financial advisor. c. comptroller. d. internal auditor.

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Drew works at your company as A.internal auditor.B.comptroller.An internal auditor verifies the journals,general ledger and financial statements

Directors prepare financial statements audit committees oversee the integrity of financial information.Auditors audit the financial statements and perform other procedures in other parts of the annual report.Finance managers perform data analysis and advise senior managers on ideas to maximize profits.Financial managers are responsible for the financial health of an organization.They create financial reports,direct investment activities,and develop plans for their organization's long-term financial goals.Commonly used financial performance indicators include gross Profit/Gross Profit Margin.The amount of revenue earned from sales after subtracting production costs. and the percentage a company earns for every dollar of sales.

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if the dollar price of the english pound goes from $1.75 to $1.50, the dollar has:_______

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Since the currency has decreased in value or devalued, Americans will now find English goods to be more costly.

What does marketing pricing entail?

Pricing refers to the method of estimating the amount that even a manufacturer will get in return for their goods and services. The producer uses a pricing strategy to make the cost of its products suitable for both the consumer and the manufacturer.

What are the costs and examples?

The value of money which is (not always negatively) transferred from one company to another in return for that party's products or services is referred to as a price. In other cases, the production cost may go by that other name.

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of the decisions an editor can make regarding whether a paper should be published, which is the most common?

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Reject the paper of the decisions an editor can make regarding whether a paper should be published, which is the most common.

This course is shortest and maximum unobscured while writing is clear, concise, and cohesive; therefore, the characteristics maximum popular in written communications are simply those: CLARITY, COHESION, and CONCISENESS. Peer reviewers independently make a advice to the magazine editor as to whether or not the manuscript ought to be rejected or accepted (without or with revisions).

The magazine editor considers all of the remarks from peer reviewers and makes an knowledgeable choice to just accept or reject the manuscript. The following is a short description of 5 characteristics of proper writing: focus, development, unity, coherence, and correctness. The characteristics defined right here are particularly vital for instructional and expository writing.

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the governmentwide financial statements prepared for a municipality should include assets acquired by the following funds: general fund capital projects fund internal service fund enterprise fund a) yes yes no no b) yes yes yes yes c) no yes no no d) yes no no no

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The governmentwide financial statements prepared for a municipality should include assets acquired by option b, that is all of the following funds: general fund, capital project fund, internal service fund, and enterprise fund.

Government financial statements report all the financial activity of the government that has occurred throughout the year. It reflects the revenue collected and spent by the government in that year. Therefore, a government financial statement prepared for the municipality has to include all assets collected from the capital fund, general fund, enterprise fund, and project fund.

Governmentwide financial statements present the financial position of the government as a complete entity. These statements help to understand the complete financial picture including financial assets, and long-term and short-term liabilities. Therefore, eliminating certain funds will be a misrepresentation of funds collected and falsify the financial position of the government.

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bluedot training just finished paying annual dividends to its stockholders. it uses the remaining money to fund the purchase of the acquisition of a smaller competitor. this best describes an example of

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The annual dividends that Blue Dot Training pays to its stockholders have just been completed. The remaining funds are used to finance the acquisition of a smaller rival. This best depicts an illustration of value funding.

When you sell shares of your company to existing shareholders or a new investor, you are obtaining equity financing. This doesn't mean you should give up control of your business, as your financial backer can take a minority stake.

With an example, what is equity financing?

Equity financing entails exchanging capital for a portion of a company's equity. Company ABC's owner, for instance, might need to raise money to expand the business. In exchange for capital, the owner decides to give up 10% of the company's ownership and sell it to an investor.

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Full Question = Blue Dot Training just finished paying annual dividends to its stockholders. It uses the remaining money to fund the purchase of the acquisition of a smaller competitor. This best describes an example of __.

financial leverage

debt financing

equity financing

earnings financing

equity credit

FILL IN THE BLANK. the entry to record depreciation includes a debit to the ________ account.

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The entry to record depreciation includes a debit to the Depreciation Expense account . Depreciation is typically recorded by debiting the Depreciation Expense account (which shows on the income statement) and crediting.

The Accumulated Depreciation account (which appears in the balance sheet as a contra account that reduces the amount of fixed assets).

Normal depreciation is a debit account since it is a cost, but accumulated depreciation is a credit account because it is originally recorded when the depreciation account is entered as an expense.

The journal entry passed to record the decrease in the value of fixed assets owing to normal wear and tear, regular usage, or technical advancements, etc. is known as depreciation journal entry.

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a glass costs $15 in the us and 18 canadian dollars in canada. if the nominal exchange rate is 1.33 cd/$, what is the real exchange rate?

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The real (effective) exchange rate for CAD$ to US$ is 1.596

Real (effective) exchange rate (REER) shows the weighted average of a country's currency in relation to an index of other major currencies. REER measures the value of a currency against a weighted average of several foreign currencies divided by a price deflator such as CPI.

Nominal (effective) exchange rate (NEER) is an unadjusted weighted average rate at which one country's currency exchanges for a basket of multiple foreign currencies. NEER show the amount a domestic currencty needed to purchases another foreign currency.

To find the REER based on the known NEER, we have to multiply the NEER with the comparison of the product price in a country with the same product price in another major country. In this case, we will compare the product price in Canada with the price of the same product in the US.

REER = NEER x (price product in Canada)

                            price product in the US

REER = 1.33 x ($18/$15)

REER = 1.596

Given the REER calculation result, we know that this case does not fulfill the law of one price which states that identical products must cost the same amount in 2 different countries wheen the REER equals to 1.

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how could the fed use monetary policy via open market operations to achieve full employment national income? lumen learning

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The federal funds rate utilized in interbank lending is the first interest rate that the Fed manipulates through open market operations.

The Federal Reserve's purchases and sales of securities on the open market are referred to as "open market operations" (OMO) (Fed). The Fed runs open market operations to control the amount of money held in reserve by American banks. Treasury securities are bought by the Fed to boost the money supply and sold to decrease it.

The federal funds rate, which affects other short-term, long-term, and foreign exchange rates, can be changed by the Fed using OMO. This may alter the quantity of money and credit accessible to the economy and have an impact on a number of economic variables, including output, unemployment, and the price of goods and services.

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when a product or service is delivered to a customer that previously paid in advance, the delivery is recorded as:

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Answer:There is a debate about whether the students in business education are "customers" or products that need to be branded.

Explanation:

discuss the difference in philosphy between w.e.b. dubois and booker t. washington on both education and black progress. be sure to discuss their different backgrounds, the talented tenth, and what time period their difference occurred.

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In order to abolish segregation, African Americans need achieve financial success and success in higher education, according to Booker T. Washington. People will consequently be regarded more highly and have better jobs.

African Americans should strive for equal rights and against prejudice, according to W.E.B. DuBois.

I believe that Booker T. Washington's plan was superior because it is preferable to better oneself since it will last. Soon the demonstration will be over. He gives them the information they require in order to be regarded in the neighbourhood. Take control of your rights. The issue is that because of the legal conflict, Black people find it difficult to pursue higher education. Various but equal Plessy v. Ferguson.

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if houston company billed a client for $13,000 of consulting work completed, the accounts receivable asset increases by $13,000 and:

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The accounts receivables will be increased by $13,000 and the service revenues will be credited by $13,000 as a part of the journal entry of the given transaction.

A journal entry can be referred to or considered as the chronological recording of the accounting transactions during a given financial period in order to ensure safekeeping of the accounting records.

The journal entry for the financial transaction given above can be shown as below,

Date Particulars                                               Debit  Credit

                Accounts Receivable Ac.        Dr.                13,000

                         To, Service Revenue Ac.                             13,000

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what is a split run? newspapers typically charge less for this service. the advertiser runs two ads of identical size and content in the same press run. they are offered only by newspapers. they enable advertisers to test the pulling power of different ads. the notion behind using a split run is to include as many variables as possible.

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Split run is the technique for judging the efficiency of an advertising copy. In the same press run of an issue of a specific publication, two different versions of the same advertisement are produced.

Some copies contain the first version and the others contain the second version. Normal distribution of the magazine takes place, but the distribution of the advertisements is divided based on  the requests of the advertisers. While some advertisers choose to split their run based on geography or based on subscription vs news stand sales, others prefer to split their run in alternate bundles. The split run's objective is to evaluate the efficiency of the two different alternative ad copies.

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the student report estimated $45,500 in electricity savings. what was the approximate cost of electricity in cents per kilowatt hour (kwh) used to calculate this savings?

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The approximate cost of electricity in cents per kilowatt hour (kwh) used to calculate this savings will be 2.7 cents per kWh.

The typical electric price a business client in the US pays for power is 13.45 cents per kWh.

Energy rates change contingent upon where you reside. The U.S. Energy Data Organization (EIA) tracks power costs by state. The latest reports from the EIA show the typical private power rate in the U.S. is 16.32 cents each kilowatt-hour (kWh).

As indicated by the EIA, the typical Texas power rate is 14.47 cents per kWh. Keen on seeing where your state positions? Our diagram underneath frames private electric rates by state

Month to month energy bills in the U.S. not entirely settled by two factors: the area of the home and how much power it utilizes. You can utilize the SaveOnEnergy use mini-computer to gauge how much power your home consumes.

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Jared is attending college but is also part of the National Guard. On the weekends, he participates in drills or relief work on behalf of the military. Besides knowing that he is serving his country, what other benefit might Jared derive from this arrangement?

A.
Jared stays busy, so he does not get into trouble on the weekends.

B.
Jared does not have to work at a job to support himself.

C.
Jared gets financial assistance with college in exchange for his service.

D.
Jared no longer needs college training.

Answers

Another benefit that Jared derives from being part of the National Guard is that C. Jared gets financial assistance with college in exchange for his service.

How is the National Guard beneficial to members ?

There are several benefits that one gets from being part of the National Guard. One of them is the benefit to students. State-by-state benefits for students differ, but many of them waive tuition for members of the National Guard. Additionally, if you serve in the National Guard and are federally activated, such as during a deployment, you will start to receive the same G.I. Bill benefits as active military soldiers.

You will get paid while receiving training from the Army National Guard in a skill that is useful in the civilian market. Infantry may not be very useful to the civilian world, but positions in mechanics, medicine, or telecommunications most certainly are. Jared therefore is likely to receive the benefit of getting financial assistance for attending college.

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is watadine taking advantage of its economies of scale? explain. (ii) would watadine produce the productively efficient output? explain.

Answers

The response is given below:

No, the WataDine is not using economies of scale in long-run equilibrium because there are too many businesses and easy entrance into the market, which prevents enterprises from producing enough output to reduce the average cost and employ economies of scale

What transpires to equilibrium price over time?

Short-term demand and supply both decline until a long-term equilibrium is reached. Because of the economies of scale in the supply, the long-term equilibrium in this situation implies higher pricing at the point.

Therefore, when prices have fully matched production costs and the economy is operating at its full potential, a market is in long-term equilibrium. The rate of unemployment falls to its natural level in a long-run equilibrium. An economy is operating at full capacity when this happens, and its actual GDP is equal to its potential GDP.

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See full question below

WataDine is one of the city's many restaurants that serve lunch and dinner in a monopolistically competitive market. Assume WataDine, as a typical restaurant in the city, is currently producing the profit-maximizing output level, and earns a positive short-run economic profit. is watadine taking advantage of its economies of scale? explain. (ii) would watadine produce the productively efficient output? explain.

Answer:

Explanation:

d)

i) WataDine (a monopolistically competitive firm) is not unique in any way and not taking advantage of economies of scale, because there are a lot of similar small companies it is competing with small companies. Larger companies in markets such as oligopolies or monopolies can take advantage of economies of scale in the long run by reducing production costs usually by more efficient use of resources, while in a monopolisticallly competitive market, as we know, firms experience excess capacity: aka underproduction due to lack of demand for their product (small market share, no barriers to enter into the market): hence underutilization of resources occurs because firms cannot expand in the long run and taking a loss bc they are just breaking even in the long run producing at the PMO where MC=MR

ii) watadine is not producively efficient because it produces for profit maximization over productive efficiency. Also, it cannot produce at the min point of the (LR)ATC because the demand curve is downward sloping and the productively efficient output price meeting the optimal output produced would cause the business to take a loss and thus go out of business in the long run.

a good for which one unit of the good is essentially the same as every other unit of the good is known as a(n)

Answers

A good is considered fungible if one unit of the good is substantially the same as every other unit of the good.

If securities or other goods may be exchanged for one another because they are equivalent or include a large number of the same components, they are said to be fungible good. Fungible things include tangible products, securities, and other financial instruments. A product is probably not fungible if it is sold by weight or quantity. Items that can be utilized interchangeably because they are nearly identical to one another are referred to as fungible goods. Commodities, common shares, options, and dollar notes are examples of fungible things. Assets like diamonds, real estate, and baseball cards are not fungible since each unit has unique characteristics that can raise or lower value. Understanding Fungible Goods, In the world of banking and investing, fungible goods include commodities, common shares, options, and dollar bills. The terms "fungible" and "barter" are not equivalent. It is not always the case that a good acquired through barter is the same as the thing exchanged in units. In other words, it is possible to trade products with different or incomparable values.

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