Spindle fibers extend from the poles and overlap at the spindle equator where some attach to chromosomes to help separate them during cell division.
What is spindle fiber?A single filament that travels from the poles to the center is a spindle fiber. Aster is a single filament as well, but the aster differs in its placement.
What is spindle equator?Chromosome alignment at the spindle equator improves the efficiency of bi-orientation. Chromosome congression, a procedure that moves chromosomes from close to spindle poles to the equator, is necessary for this alignment to take place.
What is spindle in cell?A protein structure called a spindle fiber divides a cell's genetic material.
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A proto-oncogene may not only move next to another gene, but also be transcribed and translated with it as if they are one gene. The double gene product is called a(n)
The double gene product is called oncogene
What is oncogene?Numerous crucial genes that control cell growth and division are present in your cells. Proto-oncogenes are the names given to these genes in their normal state.Many vital genes that control cell division and proliferation are present in your cells. Oncogenes are the mutated versions. Oncogenes can cause cancer by causing uncontrolled cell division.Activation is the process through which a proto-oncogene becomes an oncogene. Numerous genetic processes, such as transduction, insertional mutagenesis, amplification, point mutations, and chromosomal translocations, can activate proto-oncogenes.Learn more about gene here:
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1. In guinea pigs, long hair is dominant to short hair. A pure bred short haired guinea pig is bred with a hybrid
long haired. What does each of those look like? (use the letter H)
Pure bred (homozygous)______?
Cells that primarily produce steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, have large quantities of.
Answer: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Cells that primarily produce steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, have large quantities of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Thus, Depending on whether ribosomes are present or not, the endoplasmic reticulum may be smooth or rough.
Small, spherical organelles called ribosomes produce the proteins that cells need.
They are also known as the cell's protein factories. Ribosomes are found in both bacterial and eukaryotic cells. The two forms of ER frequently give the impression of being distinct, yet they are actually parts of the same organelle, the endoplasmic reticulum.
Thus, Cells that primarily produce steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, have large quantities of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
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Replacing native gel electrophoresis with nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) during the purification step results in eluates with no enzymatic activity. The best explanation of this observation would be:
Replacing native gel electrophoresis with SDS results in eluates with no enzymatic activity because it confers a negative charge to proteins, thereby neutralizing them.
What is sodium dodecyl sulfate?The sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a detergent used in molecular biology laboratories.
This detergent (SDS) confers a negative charge to proteins, thereby neutralizing them (loss of their enzymatic activity).
In conclusion, SDS results in eluates with no enzymatic activity because this detergent may neutralize them.
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Approximately how many standard drinks can the human body metabolize in one hour?.
The body generally processes approximately one standard drink per hour. If you have 5 standard drinks, it will take 5 hours for your body to process the alcohol.
The human body can typically metabolize around one standard drink per hour.
The concept of "one standard drink" varies across countries, but it generally refers to a drink containing approximately 14 grams (0.6 ounces) of pure alcohol.
Examples of a standard drink can include a 12-ounce (355 ml) beer with around 5% alcohol content, a 5-ounce (148 ml) glass of wine with around 12% alcohol content, or a 1.5-ounce (44 ml) shot of distilled spirits with around 40% alcohol content. It's crucial to drink responsibly and be aware of one's own limits and the potential effects of alcohol consumption.
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Toward the end of heavy exercise lasting 3 hr or more, _______________ provides almost all the carbohydrate used by the muscles.
Toward the end of heavy exercise lasting 3 hr or more, glycogen provides almost all the carbohydrates used by the muscles.
Glycogen stored in active muscles supplies almost all of the energy in the transition from rest to moderate submaximal exercise. During the initial hour of submaximal prolonged exercise, muscle glycogen is the main carbohydrate source. However, muscle glycogen levels decrease over time and more blood glucose is used. It takes 3,500 calories to burn a pound of fat.
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Please help me with this question :)
Answer:
option C
option C
Explanation:
we know that gravity is strongest when two large objects are near each other--so, when the asteroid reaches point C (which is shown to be closest to the sun), the pull of gravity will be greatest.
We also know that the attraction/pull of gravity slows down objects, so, the asteroid will be going slowest at its point of strongest gravity--which we have determined to be point C
hope this helps! let me know if you need more explanation, have a lovely day :)
An organism that must eat
food to obtain its energy is
a(n)
A. Producer
B. Autotroph
C. Biomass
D. Heterotroph
Answer:
D. Heterotroph
Explanation:
Heterotrophs rely on outside food sources, such as plant or animal materials, for their energy. In contrast, photo- or chemoautotrophs obtain their energy and building materials from the sun or from inorganic chemicals.
The action potential spreads through an axon by Group of answer choices depolarizing adjacent membrane to threshold, triggering another action potential. inflow of potassium ions and outflow of sodium ions. a non-decremental of graded potential. a decremental of graded potential.
The action potential spreads through an axon by depolarizing adjacent membrane to threshold.
K+ departs the cell after Na+, which enters the cell first. Ions can move freely across the axon membrane because of the difference during the action potential.Because sodium contains a positive charge, the neuron becomes more positive and depolarized. Potassium channels take longer to open. As soon as the cell does open, K+ rushes out, reversing the depolarization known as repolarization.Sodium channels close during the peak of the action potential when potassium leaves the cell. When potassium ions are effluxed, the membrane potential is lowered or the cell becomes hyperpolarized.Outside of the cell, the concentration of Na+ is greater than inside the cell. while the concentration of K+ is is greater inside the cell than outside.learn more about action potential here: brainly.com/question/6705448
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A bacterium that either partially or fully catabolizes an acyl-homoserine lactone will likely disrupt:.
Answer:
The bacterium will likely disrupt quorum sensing.
After a mass extinction event, the organisms that survive face unique circumstances in which there are fewer predators and more resources available. This leads to unique opportunities for the surviving organisms to colonize new habitats and diversify. This is termed _______.
After a mass extinction event, the organisms that survive face unique circumstances in which there are fewer predators and more resources available. This is termed Adaptive Radiation.
Adaptive Radiation
Adaptive radiation, which occurs when an environmental change makes new resources available, modifies biotic interactions, or creates new environmental niches, is a process in evolutionary biology wherein animals rapidly diverge from an ancestral species into a variety of different forms.This process culminates in the speciation and phenotypic adaptation of numerous species with various physical and physiological features, all descended from a single ancestor. Finch speciation on the Galapagos Islands, often known as "Darwin's finches" is the classic instance of adaptive radiation, although there are other cases throughout the world.An ecological opportunity or a new adaptive zone is assumed to be the catalyst for adaptive radiations.To learn more about Adaptive Radiation refer to:
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The number of species on an island depends on the size of the island and its distance from the mainland. This statement would most likely be made by_________ .
The number of species on an island depends on the size of the island and its distance from the mainland. This statement would most likely be made by Biogeographer.
What is island biogeography?Island biogeography is a field within biogeography that examines the factors that affect the species richness and diversification of isolated natural communities.The field was started in the 1960s by biogeographer Robert H. MacArthur and E.O.Wilson, who coined the term island biogeography.The theory of island biogeography proposes that the number of species found in an undistributed island environment is determined by immigration and extinction.So biogeographers described island biogeography which tells about a number of species on an island.To learn more about Island biogeography,
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Red blood cells become crenated in a(n) ____________ solution. hypertonic hypotonic hydrostatic isotonic
Red blood cells become crenated in a hypertonic solution. Therefore, option (A) is correct.
In a hypertonic solution, solutes outside red blood cells are greater than within. To equalise the concentration gradient, red blood cells release water. Red blood cells shrink and become crenated.
In a hypotonic solution, solutes outside red blood cells are lower than within. Hemolysis occurs when water enters cells, swelling and perhaps bursting them.
Solute concentrations outside and within red blood cells are equivalent in isotonic solutions. Water does not migrate, and red blood cells remain normal. The term "hydrostatic" does not refer to a red blood cell-affecting solution in a hydrostatic solution. Therefore, option (A) is correct.
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Which discovery supports the hypothesis that evolution of the lactase-persistence trait was driven by the use of milk in pastoralist cultures
The lactase-persistence mutations are roughly as old as the oldest milk-holding vessels or pots.
Lactase persistence:
Lactase persistence is an example of natural selection, which can cause some humans to continue the activity of the lactase enzyme in adulthood also.
The hereditary examinations and studies propose that the established mutation related to lactase persistence began a long time back, in populaces that started domesticating and dairy cultivation during the Neolithic age when pastoralist populaces started to utilize milk for their livelihood. As found and studied that “the lactase-persistence mutations are roughly as old as the oldest milk-holding vessels.” The cultural and social activities of dairying and drinking non-human milk gave an environment wherein lactase persistence was favorable. DNA proof demonstrates that mutation in the lactase gene emerged in these populaces around a similar time.
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Two genes are 14 map units apart on the X chromosome. What percent of the father's gametes will be recombinant
Two genes are separated by 14 map units on the X chromosome. The percentage of the father's gametes that will be recombinant is 30%.
How is the recombination rate calculated?To assess the occurrence of the permutation, the rate of recombination between two genes is determined. As the ratio is multiplied by 100, the value expresses the percentage of recombinant gametes in the total gametes. Thus, if the recombinant gametes make up 30% of the total, the recombination rate is 30%.
With this information, we can conclude that Parental Gametes are formed even if there is no recombination and appear in greater numbers. Recombinant Gametes are formed only if there is an exchange and appear in smaller numbers.
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Crossing over occurs in prophase I of meiosis I. Which is an advantage of crossing over?
a. it keeps genetic variation to a minimum to enable offspring a better chance of surviving.
b. combining DNA from two parents in a single chromosome reduces genetic variation in sexual life cycles.
c. it results in recombinant chromosomes where all chromosome carry genes from either the mother or father
d. each chromosome in a gamete cannot be exclusively maternal or paternal
The advantage of crossing over is that it results in recombinant chromosomes where all chromosome carry genes from either the mother or father (option C).
What is crossing over?Crossing over is a phenomenon whereby non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.
Crossing over occurs in the prophase I stage of meiosis and results in the formation of daughter cells that are genetically different from parent cells.
Therefore, the advantage of crossing over is that it results in recombinant chromosomes where all chromosome carry genes from either the mother or father.
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The main immediate source of ATP (lasting about 10 seconds) as muscle contractions begin comes from: The main immediate source of ATP (lasting about 10 seconds) as muscle contractions begin comes from: fat. creatine phosphate. glucose. glycogen.
The main immediate source of ATP is creatine phosphate.
The answer is option b.
Creatine phosphate gives about the first 15 seconds of ATP at the beginning of muscle contraction.
Anaerobic glycolysis produces small amounts of ATP within the absence of oxygen for a quick duration. Aerobic metabolism makes use of oxygen to provide much greater ATP, permitting a muscle to work for longer intervals.
Few ATP is stored in a resting muscle. As contraction begins, it's far used up in seconds. More ATP is generated from creatine phosphate for about 15 seconds.
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Medicine is an example of pure science.
True
False
hy is the pressure in the matrix high?
The pressure in the matrix high due to the abundance of water molecules present in the region.
What is a Matrix?
These are referred to non living substances or tissues which occupy the vacant region of cells.
They have enough water molecules which exerts a great amount of pressure thereby making it high.
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An environmental scientist gives a demonstration on composting. roger is in the audience. he wonders how composting helps to slow climate change. what question should be ask to get his answer?
Roger may ask, "Can composting help to grow more trees?" in order to get his answer.
Composting :
The process of recycling organic materials, which are typically considered to be waste products, into a substance that can be used as a soil conditioner is referred to as composting. The productivity of soil can be increased by the addition of compost because compost is loaded with various nutrients.
The presence of such a nutrient-rich soil allows for the growth of a large number of trees, each of which contributes to the removal of more carbon dioxide from the air and, as a result, an improvement in the local climate.
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Why does an analysis of all an animal’s genes reveal more about its classification than studying its visible features or behavior?
The analysis of all an animal’s genes reveals more about its classification than behavior because fine-tuning evolution is evidenced by homo-logous sequences.
What is sequence homo-logy?Sequence homo-logy refers to different nucleotide sequences that are similar due to a common origin.
Behavior may be due to the convergence of a feature in distinct lineages, but evolution is largely determined by homo-logy between gene sequences.
In conclusion, fine-tuning evolution is evidenced by homo-logous sequences.
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If mutant HMGN2 proteins were unable to bind their substrate and then erroneously mobilized to nucleoli, these proteins would be found in the sites of:
If mutant HMGN2 proteins were unable to bind their substrate and then erroneously mobilized to nucleoli, these proteins would be found in the sites of Ribosome production.
In this case, mutant HMGN2 proteins deploy inadvertently to nucleoli. The nucleolus, a bulky, globular structure inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, houses ribosomal DNA. Here, the pre-ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene is solely translated into a single template that is then processed to produce mature rRNA by RNA polymerase I. As a result, the nucleolus is the only location where RNA polymerase I can work.Additionally, ribosomal subunit maturation and assembly take place in the nucleolus. The cytoplasm produces ribosomal proteins from mRNA, which are then carried into the nucleolus where they interact with newly produced rRNA to generate the precursors to the 40S and 60S subunits.learn more about HMGN2 proteins here: https://brainly.com/question/884041
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In the alveoli of the lungs, air crosses into and out of the capillaries by what process? Perfusion Diffusion Osmosis Vaporization
In the alveoli of the lungs, air crosses into and out of the capillaries by the process of diffusion because the oxygen moves from higher concentration region to lower concentration region.
What is diffusion?Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. This process requires no energy.
So we can conclude that diffusion is the right answer.
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When groundwater is depleted, the ground surface above can sink down over time. This is
called:
Select one:
O a. Ground Loss
O b. Subtrusion
O c. Subsidence
O d. Land Subsistence
Answer:
The answer is D
Explanation:
When groundwater is depleted, the ground surface above can sink down over time. This is called Land Subsistence. Thus, option "D" is correct.
What causes subsidence?Subsidence is a phenomenon of lowering of the ground surface due to changes in the underground support. The phenomenon occurs in several places in the world due to the
extraction of wateroiland gas from the subsoil.With this information, we can conclude that Land subsidence is related to human population growth.
Thus, option "D" is correct.
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Facilitated diffusion is a type of _______. Facilitated diffusion is a type of _______. passive transport active transport pinocytosis phagocytosis
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport.
What is facilitated diffusion?Facilitated diffusion is the process in which molecules diffuse across the plasma membrane with the help of membrane proteins, such as channels and carriers.Selective processEven though it involves transport proteins, it is passive because the solute is moving down the concentration gradient whereas in active process molecules move against concentration gradient.Small nonpolar molecules can easily diffuse across the cell membrane.Learn more about active and passive transport here:
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In the condensation part of the water cycle, what is the change of state that water goes through?
A: From gas to liquid
B: From liquid to gas
C: Form liquid to solid
D: From solid to gas
During condensation, water changes state from gas to liquid.
What is condensation?Condensation is a physical process whereby water in gaseous forms loses energy and becomes liquid.
The high-energy gaseous molecules in water vapor condense into liquid when a certain amount of energy is lost.
In the water cycle, condensation happens in the form of precipitation. Precipitation could be in the form of rain or snow.
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What are the key important things you need to know about dna
For revision notes
Answer:
Nucleic acids are the organic materials present in all organisms in the form of DNA or RNA.
These nucleic acids are formed by the combination of nitrogenous bases, sugar molecules and phosphate groups that are linked by different bonds in a series of sequences.
Explanation:
“DNA is a group of molecules that is responsible for carrying and transmitting the hereditary materials or the genetic instructions from parents to offsprings.”
DNA is known as Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is an organic compound that has a unique molecular structure. It is found in all prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
The four roles that DNA plays in the cell are:
(1) storage of information via the genetic code so that cellular processes can be initiated and maintained.
(2) the generation of genetic variation through mutation and recombination.
(3) The copying and replication of genetic information so that it can be passed onto daughter cells. It is this function that makes DNA the molecule of inheritance.
(4) gene expression. The transcription and translation of genetic material to produce proteins, enzymes and other gene products necessary for growth and life.
A. according to the data, what ph is optimum for bread mold growth? how do you know?
Explanation:
Fungi can grow in various pH levels, however oxygen would need to be present in the process. Increased mold growth has typically been seen in pH levels. The pH levels below 7 generally have had increased mold growth. mold growth on bakery product spoilage and partly look into the affects of pH on the bread.
Who was the first scientist to us phylogenetic taxonomy
Answer:
Charles Darwin (1859)
Explanation
Is usually credited as being the originator of modern phylogenetic trees, with contemporary taxa at the leaves and ancestors at the internal nodes.
You are comparing two samples of the octopus genome, one from an octopus that can make ink (sample 1), and one from an Octopus that can’t make ink (sample 2). You notice the one who can’t make ink has a mutation. Sample 1: ATTACAGTACTGGCA Sample 2: ATTACAATACTGGCA
Looking at the sequences carefully you determine it is a __________ mutation.
A. Insertion
B. Deletion
C. Substitution
D. Inversion
The mutation is the modification or change in the nucleotide bases of the genetic material. From the sequence of the octopus, it can be said that it is a substitution mutation. Thus, option C is correct.
What is a substitution mutation?A substitution mutation is the type of mutation where the single nucleotide base is substituted with another base like in sample 2 of the octopus incapable of producing ink, the base G is substituted by base A.
It is not an insertion mutation as no new base is added nor it is a deletion as no base was removed from the original sequence. It also is not an inversion mutation as no two bases have switched their places.
Therefore, it is a substitution mutation.
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