The monoamine neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine, or serotonin, is derived from tryptophan and is synthesized both centrally and systemically.
14 structurally and functionally distinct receptor subtypes have been identified for serotonin, each mediating the action of neurotransmitters via a series of downstream signaling molecules and effectors.
Although most commonly described for its role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric and mood disorders, serotonin is involved in many basic physiological processes including apoptosis, mitochondrial biosynthesis, cell proliferation, and migration. increase. Its role as a neurotransmitter is also manifested in pathogenic conditions ranging from anorexia nervosa to cancer.
This requires an understanding of the signaling mechanisms underlying the serotonergic system, which has led to the creation of an integrated pathway map that provides resources for future biomedical research in this pathway.
Using a rigorous set of NetPath annotation criteria, we manually curated the molecular responses associated with serotonin and its receptors from the published literature. Response categories included molecular association, activation/inhibition, post-translational modification, transport, and gene regulation at the transcriptional and translational levels.
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Sickle cell anemia is due to an autosomal recessive trait. A man and woman are both carriers of the recessive allele. What is the probability that their first child will have sickle cell disease
The probability that their first child will have sickle cell disease is 0.25.
How, explain your answer?A man and a woman both are carriers of sickle cell anaemia.
The sickle cell anaemia genotype is ss whereas for producing normal haemoglobin, we have SS or Ss (Carrier).
When both man and woman are carriers, we have
Ss, Ss.
Thus, the probability that the couple would have a child that was also a carrier of sickle cell anemia is 0.25.
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A microbiologist was surprised when he could not recover Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies in which organisms were seen in the tissue sections. He was advised to switch from the Campy BAP selective medium to Skirrow's blood agar because the latter is:
A microbiologist was surprised when he could not recover Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies in which organisms were seen in the tissue sections. He was advised to switch from the Campy BAP selective medium to Skirrow's blood agar because the latter is free of cephalothin.
A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic called cephalothin is used to treat severe bacterial infections in the urinary tract, skin, bones, and lower respiratory tract.A beta-lactam, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity, cephalothin is semi-synthetic. Penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall are bound by cephalothin and rendered inactive.PBPs take involvement in the last phases of bacterial cell wall construction as well as the remodeling of the cell wall during cell division. PBP inactivation hinders the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains, which is essential for the strength and stiffness of bacterial cell walls.
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3. What term describes a plant's response to external stimuli like light, gravity, and touch?
A. auxins
B. tropisms
C. differential growth
D. germination
Answer:t
Explanation:
The concept of ____ explains why children of parents who are at the extreme ends of a normal (bell-curve) distribution for a phenotype are usually closer to the population average for the phenotype
The concept of regression to the mean explains why children of parents who are at the extreme ends of a normal (bell-curve) distribution for a phenotype are usually closer to the population average for the phenotype.
Regression toward the mean simply means that the likelihood of the subsequent random occurrence being less extreme after an extreme random event is low. Francis Galton was the first to describe regression toward the mean. He carried out a study in 1886 to determine the relationship between children's heights and their parents. After adjusting for the height disparity between men and women (by multiplying each woman's height by 1.08), he measured the heights of 928 adult children and the matching 205 parent couples and discovered something intriguing. The average height of a kid's parents was typically higher than that of the child, but less extreme (closer to the mean). Therefore, the child was frequently shorter if the parents were particularly tall. The child tended to be very tall if the parents were short.learn more about regression to the mean here: https://brainly.com/question/16539587
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Because of the presence of both activation and inactivation gates, voltage-gated Na channels can A. be activated B. all of these C. be closed and not capable of opening D. be closed but capable of opening E. none of these
Because of the presence of both activation and inactivation gates, voltage-gated Na channels can be all of these.
Sodium voltage-gated channels can be either closed, open, or inactive. Voltage-gated sodium channels are closed when at rest. Both an activation gate and an inactivation gate are present in voltage-gated sodium channels. Although the inactivation gate is open, the activation gate is closed. This conformation is closed but capable of opening. Some of the activation gates open as a result of membrane depolarization brought on by a stimulus. Both the activation and inactivation gates will be opened at this point. As sodium ions enter the cells, nearby activation gates will open. A greater amount of sodium will enter the cells as a result, initiating an action potential.Both gates open when certain depolarization thresholds are reached. Action potential increases to its maximum as sodium rushes into the cell. The inactivation gate will gradually close and the permeability of the membrane to sodium ions will decrease. The channel is now in a state known as "closed but not capable of opening." Up until the membrane potential reaches its resting state, this occurs. The channels once more assume the "closed but capable of opening" conformation when resting values are attained.learn more about Na channels here: https://brainly.com/question/12977601
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A 4y/o with a rare genetic disorder demonstrates bilateral excessive pronation due to ligamentous laxity and hypotonia. She is able to clear B feet during swing phase without issue. What is the most appropriate orthotic for this child
The most appropriate orthotic for this child is called supramalleolar orthotics.
What is orthotics?The expression 'orthotics' makes reference to specific shoes customized for a patient condition.
In this case, supramalleolar orthotics makes reference to a given inherited condition with low incidence (rage genetic disease).
In conclusion, the orthotics situation here is supramalleolar orthotics.
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Calculate the average time for the powder to dissolve
in room temperature water. Record the average time
in Table E.
Trial 1
seconds
18.00
start
reset
stop
Trial 2
seconds
18.00
start
reset
stop
Trial 3
seconds
15.00
start
reset
stop
What is the average time it took for the crushed tablet to
dissolve in room temperature water?
seconds
The average time will be 17 seconds.
What is the arithmetical average?The average of a set of numbers is determined by summing up all the numbers and dividing by the total elements in the set.
In this case, there are 3 elements in the number - 18, 18, and 15.
Average time = 18+18+15/3 = 17 seconds.
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The average time of the experiment is 17 seconds.
Average time of the experiment
The average time is calculated as follows;
Average time = total time / number of trials
Average time = (18 + 18 + 15)/3
Average time = 51/3
Average time = 17 seconds
Thus, the average time of the experiment is 17 seconds.
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Would it have been possible to determine the identity of the unknown if a whole egg was used instead of only the albumin
The identity of the unknown organism can be identified more efficiently if whole egg is used instead of only albumin.
Would it have been possible to find out the identity of unknown from the whole egg?Yes, it would have been possible to determine the identity of the unknown if a whole egg was used instead of only the albumin because the whole egg provides the more information about the organisms as compared to only albumin.
So we can conclude that the identity of the unknown organism can be identified more efficiently if whole egg is used instead of only albumin.
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The scientific explanation for global warming is very dependent on the _______ atom. a. chlorine b. carbon c. oxygen d. hydrogen
Answer: b. Carbon
Explanation:
Answer:
b. carbon
Explanation:
Carbon in our atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide, contributes greatly to global warming.
PLEASE ANSWER QUICK, I’LL GIVE BRAINLIEST TO THE CORRECT ONE!
1. What are the independent and dependent variables in each of the experiments?
2. What information should be added to the diagram to give the reader a better understanding of how these experiments
were conducted?
3. What items should have been CONTROLLED in the experiments?
4. How much confidence would you have in the conclusion of experiment 3 if you found out that the temperature was not
controlled? Explain your reasoning.
The independent variables are temperature, airflow, and light intensity and the dependent variable is the volume of water lost.
The initial volume of water should be known.
The initial volume of water should have been controlled.
The results of experiment 3 are not valid if the temperature is not controlled.
What is evaporation?
The surface phenomenon in which a liquid is converted into a vapor is defined as evaporation. The surface phenomenon means that only the exposed layer of the liquid will be affected.
This is different from boiling as boiling is a bulk phenomenon in which the entire volume of the liquid is affected and converted to vapor.
Also, unlike boiling, evaporation can happen at any temperature but it is faster at high temperatures. Evaporation is also affected by the speed of the wind, light intensity, and humidity.
Therefore, in this experiment, where the rate of evaporation in different variables is being measured,
The independent variables are temperature, airflow, and light intensity and the dependent variable is the volume of water lost. The initial volume of water should be known. The initial volume of water should have been controlled. The results of experiment 3 are not valid if the temperature is not controlled.
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Which of the following is/are TRUE about alleles?
I. An allele is an alternative form of a gene.
II. An allele is located at a specific position on homologous chromosomes.
III. An allele is inherited from the mother only.
A. Statements I and II
B. Statement I and III
C. Statements II and III
D. Statements I, II, and III
Answer:
A. Statements I and II are correct.
When a novel property emerges that was not present at the simpler level of organization. a. New property b. Evolution c. Emergent property d. Advancing property e. Natural selection
C. emergent property is the answer.
Emergent properties are properties that a collection or complex system has, but its individual members do not. Failure to recognize that property is urgent or incidental can lead to the fallacy of division.
In other words, emergent properties are properties of a group of objects that are not found in individual objects, such as insects, atoms, and buildings. Examples of emergent properties are cities, brains, ant colonies, and complex chemical systems.
Some examples of emergent properties are those of life where life begins to emerge at the cellular level. What is under the cell is not alive. The cells then interact and come together to produce other emergent properties such as tissues, organs, organisms, and populations.
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____________ is translated by the ribosomes and contains the code that specifies the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
mRNA (Messenger RNA) is translated by ribosomes and contains the code that specifies the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chain.
A single-stranded ribonucleic acid molecule is known as messenger RNA(mRNA) plays a major role in translation.
Translation is the method by which an mRNA codes for a certain protein. mRNA provides the template for protein synthesis.
The ribosome translates the mRNA that is produced from the DNA into a chain of certain amino acids and protein synthesis is facilitated by this amino acid sequence.
The genetic code, which connects the DNA sequence to the amino acid sequence of proteins, is used to "read" the mRNA. Each group of three nucleotides in mRNA forms a codon, and each codon corresponds to a particular amino acid (triplet code).
Thus mRNA contains the code that specifies the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
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Paul ekman and walter friesen traveled to new guinea to study the meaning of various facial expressions in the primitive south fore tribe. What major conclusion did they reach?.
The conclusion they reached was that the six major emotional expressions appear to be universal.
What are facial expressions?Facial expressions are the various movement of the face that shows the emotional state of an individual.
The six major emotional expressions are :
anger, happiness, fear, surprise, disgust and sadness.These are be expressed by any individual in any part of the world.
Therefore, the conclusion they reached was that the six major emotional expressions appear to be universal.
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Select the correct answer. from which sphere of earth did this food originate? deep fried three pieces of chicken legs overlapped each other. a. biosphere b. atmosphere c. troposphere d. hydrosphere e. geosphere
Deep-fried three pieces of chicken legs overlapping each other originated from Biosphere.
a. Biosphere is the region of the earth where life exists, it can be the areas on land, air, or water. The biosphere consists of the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. Chicken is a terrestrial organism; hence, it can be found in the lithosphere, a part of the biosphere.
b. Atmosphere is the envelope of air or gases around the earth's surface, it contains gases like oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc. It protects the lithosphere from harmful radiations from the sun. Hence, it is an incorrect option.
c. Troposphere is a layer of atmosphere that extends from a height of 6 km to 10 km. It is the atmospheric layer that is present right above the lithosphere. This provides us with oxygen and maintains the temperature of the earth. Hence, it is an incorrect option.
d. Hydrosphere: The entire amount of water on a planet is known as the hydrosphere. Water that is present on the planet's surface, beneath, and in the atmosphere all belong to the hydrosphere. The hydrosphere of a planet can exist as liquid, vapor, or ice. Hence, it is an incorrect option.
e. Geosphere is made up of all the rocks and minerals found on Earth, from the molten rock and heavy metals in the planet's center to the sand on beaches and mountain tops. It includes all the abiotic components of the earth. Hence, it is an incorrect option.
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Answer:
Biosphere, i got it right on my test
Explanation:
What is one of the main characteristics of secondary granules in the neutrophilic granulocyte cytoplasm
One of the main characteristics of secondary granules in the neutrophilic granulocyte cytoplasm is that secondary granules will become pink/tan and will cause the basophilic color to lighten.
Promyelocytes, metamyelocytes, and myelocytes are the precursors of neutrophils, which make up the majority of the white blood cell population. The immature neutrophils are usually found only in the bone marrow.
Myeloid maturation sequence is the next stage of myelocyte. The cytoplasm of this cell starts to produce specific, secondary granules. If the cell is destined to be a neutrophil these secondary granules will be pink/tan and will further cause the basophilic color to lighten and break up. At the beginning of neutrophilia, these secondary granules are most obvious in the golgi area.
As the cell matures closer to a metamyelocyte, they fill the entire cytoplasm. While the cytoplasm shifts to producing secondary granules it also loses the prominence of its primary granules.
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A bird species that live in the trees and another
living on the ground is an example of which of
the following?
A. ecological isolation
C. behavioral isolation
B. temporal isolation
D. gametic isolation
Answer:
A.) ecological isolation
Explanation:
A.) is correct because ecological isolation describes how different organisms cannot reproduce with each other as a result of living in different locations/environments.
B.) is incorrect because behavioral isolation describes how organisms cannot reproduce as a result of different mating rituals or other behaviors.
C.) is incorrect because temporal isolation describes how organisms cannot reproduce as a result of engaging in reproductive behaviors during different time periods.
D.) is incorrect because gametic isolation describes how organisms who try to reproduce, cannot, as a result of male and female gametic incompatibility.
An increase in plasma levels of ACTH leads to A. increased plasma glucagon levels B. increased plasma cortisol levels C. increased plasma parathyroid hormone levels D. increased plasma vasopressin levels E. increased plasm epinephrine levels
An increase in plasma levels of ACTH leads to B. increased plasma cortisol levels.
If your cortisol ranges are too high or too low, it is able to suggest you have got a disease of your adrenal glands, trouble along with your pituitary gland, or a tumor that makes cortisol. high degrees of cortisol can also appear if you take massive doses of certain steroid medicines, such as prednisone, for the long term.
Cortisol raises blood sugar via freeing saved glucose, whilst insulin lowers blood sugar. Having chronically high cortisol stages can result in continual excessive blood sugar (hyperglycemia). This may reason for type 2 diabetes.
The cortisol blood test measures the level of cortisol within the blood. Cortisol is a steroid (glucocorticoid or corticosteroid) hormone produced by the adrenal gland. Cortisol can also be measured using a urine or saliva test.
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Which of the following fractures is associated with bruising around the ears and blood coming from the nose? Basilar skull fracture Orbit fracture Mandibular fracture Maxilla fracture
If water were a nonpolar molecule, how would its properties be different?
Answer:
water would not be able to form hydrogen bonds
Explanation:
(ʘᴗʘ✿)
Using the idea of concentration gradient explain why the purple colour of potassium permaganate gradually spreads throughout the water in the jar
The purple color of potassium permanganate gradually spreads throughout the water in the jar by the process of diffusion.
Diffusion is the process of movement of a substance from the region of higher concentration to the regions of lower concentration. Diffusion occurs in liquids as well as gases. Potassium permanganate is a purple color compound, when it is added in a jar of water it spreads throughout the water by the virtue of diffusion. The concentration of potassium permanganate is higher at one point and the other regions in the jar have its nil or low concentrations initially, this leads to the set up of a concentration gradient. As time passes diffusion occurs and the particles of potassium permanganate keep on migrating to the regions of low concentration until the concentration is uniform throughout the jar. Ultimately, it spread throughout the jar making the water purple.
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The gas exchange during cellular respiration involves _____ moving into cells and ____ moving out of cells. The gas exchange during cellular respiration involves _____ moving into cells and ____ moving out of cells. methane; nitrous oxide nitrous oxide; oxygen oxygen; carbon dioxide carbon dioxide; oxygen
Answer:
The gas exchange during cellular respiration involves oxygen moving into cells and carbon dioxide moving out of cells.
Explanation:
"...the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverging the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and discarding, as waste products, carbon dioxide and water." - Britannica
The gas exchange during cellular respiration involves oxygen moving into cells and carbon dioxide moving out of cells.
During gas change oxygen actions from the lungs to the bloodstream. on an equal time, carbon dioxide passes from the blood to the lungs. This happens within the lungs among the alveoli and a network of tiny blood vessels known as capillaries, which might be located in the walls of the alveoli.
Three strategies are critical for the switch of oxygen from the out of doors air to the blood flowing through the lungs: airflow, diffusion, and perfusion. ventilation is the manner through which air moves in and out of the lungs.
The lungs and respiratory system permit us to respire. they create oxygen into our bodies (called a concept, or inhalation) and send carbon dioxide out (referred to as expiration, or exhalation). This alternate of oxygen and carbon dioxide is referred to as respiratory.
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18. What should be the frequency of the AA, Aa, and aa genotype if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the genotype frequencies should be 0.49 AA, 0.42 Aa, and . 09 aa.
Frequency of genotypes "AA" and "Aa". The frequency of AA is equal to p2 and the frequency of Aa is equal to 2pq. Therefore, using the above information, the frequency of AA is 16% (that is, p2 is 0.4 x 0.4 = 0.16) and Aa is 48% (2pq = 2 x 0.4 x 0.6 = 0.48).
Scientists need to look at at least two generations to find out if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If the allele frequency is the same for both generations, the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
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Can u think of three factors which might affect how much energy someone will need
Gender, age and body weight are the three factors.
What are the effects of gender, age and body weight on energy expenditure?Body weight:
Energy consumption while at rest is determined by body size and weight. Due to the higher maintenance costs associated with a larger body, a heavier person has a higher resting energy requirement. The most unpredictable part of overall energy expenditure is activity-induced energy expenditure. Since larger subjects' activity energy expenditure is not higher in proportion to the expense of moving with a higher body weight, smaller and leaner subjects often move more. As a result of changes in body size and body composition, eating causes variations in energy expenditure.
Gender:
In comparison to girls of the same size and age, adult males frequently have 10–20 percent more muscle mass. Because muscle burns more calories than fat, men have greater basal metabolic rates (BMR). As a result, men need 5–10% more energy than women.
Age:
Compared to adults, children and adolescents require more energy for growth and development. As people age, their body composition changes and their energy needs decrease, resulting in a decrease in BMR. As people age, many of them become less active.
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When testing diffusion over a selectively permeable membrane, you placed different liquids into special containers. The proper setup was to
When testing diffusion over a selectively permeable membrane, the proper setup is aimed at putting different concentrations into tubes and the same water volume.
What is a selectively permeable membrane?A selectively permeable membrane is a physical barrier that allows the passage of certain substances but not others.
The cell membrane is a selectively permeable membrane that cells need to interchange nutrients and waste with their environment.
In conclusion, a suitable experiment to show the process of diffusion in a selectively permeable membrane is to put concentrations of the solute into tubes and the same volume of solvent (water).
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haemophilia is an x-linked recessive disorder that is always pass their generations that can be traced by using a pedigree what is the probability that the female child of Charles and Marie will suffer from hemophilia
The probability of the female child of Charles and Marie suffering from hemophilia is 50% or 0.5.
What is the probability of hemophilia?Hemophilia is a disease that is linked to the X-chromosome.
The probability of having female who suffers from hemophilia depends on the genotype of the parents.
Assuming that the genotype of the parents are as follows:
Father: XcY --> hemophilic
Mother: XXc --> carrier
A cross between the parents will produce two female offspring with genotypes, XcXc and XXc.
Therefore, the probability of the female child of Charles and Marie suffering from hemophilia is 50% or 0.5.
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Who is and who is not recommended to receive a flu vaccine? Why do these recommendations exist?
Why is it important for the CDC to update its flu vaccination recommendations each year?
A dog starts chasing gretchen. when her brain sends a signal to her muscles to run, which cells are at work? sensory motor interneuron leukocyte
A lymphoma of unknown origin characterized by progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue and symptoms of fever, weakness, night sweats, and weight loss is:
A lymphoma of unknown origin characterized by progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue and symptoms of fever, weakness, night sweats, and weight loss is Hodgkin’s disease (Hodgkin’s lymphoma).
What is a lymphoma?Lymphoma is a broad term for cancer that begins in cells of the lymph system.It is of two main types: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).What is Hodgkin’s lymphoma?Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the body's germ-fighting immune system.It is caused due to a mutation in the DNA of a type of white blood cell called B lymphocytes.The lymphocytes grow out of control causing swollen lymph nodes and growths throughout the body.Learn more about B-lymphocytes here:
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The BOD is a measurement of the amount of bacteria present before and after the sewage treatment process. Group of answer choices True False
Answer:
False
Explanation: