Muscle contraction occurs when a motor neuron sends a signal (Ach) to the muscle cell, depolarizing it, and triggering contraction. The correct option is A. 2,4,3,1,5.
How does muscle contraction occur?Just before muscle contraction occurs, there is a sequence of events that involve motor neurons, neurotransmitters, and ion flow.
1) The central nervous system generates an action potential that travels to the muscle fiber activating the calcium channels.
2) Calcium triggers vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane releasing acetylcholine (Ach) into the synaptic space.
3) Once released, Ach moves forward to the postsynaptic membrane of the skeletal muscle fiber where it binds to its receptors causing ion channels to open.
4) Positively charged sodium ions cross the membrane to get into the muscle fiber (sarcoplasm) and potassium leaves the cell.
5) The difference in charges caused by these ion transport charges positively the muscle fiber membrane. It depolarizes.
6) The action potential enters the t-tubules depolarizing the inner portion of the muscle fiber. Contraction initiates.
The correct sequence is as follows,
2. impulse reaches axon's synaptic knob.
4. Synaptic vesicles fuse with neuron's membrane and release ACh via exocytosis.
3. Ach binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane.
1. sodium channels open and sodium flows in.
5. If enough sodium moves in to the muscle cell, an impulse (action potential) develops.
The correct option is A. 2,4,3,1,5.
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which Cell structures are seen in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Answer:
a plasma membrane, also called a cell membrane, and cytoplasm.
Explanation:
DNA
Answer:
The cells of all prokaryotes and eukaryotes possess two basic features: a plasma membrane, also called a cell membrane, and cytoplasm. However, the cells of prokaryotes are simpler than those of eukaryotes. For example, prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.DNA
Explanation:
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Which field studies viruses and bacteria and
how they evolve and respond to their
surroundings?
A. ecology
B. biotechnology
C. evolution of diseases
D. the Tree of Life field
Answer:
A. Ecology
Explanation:
Ecology is the branch of biology dealing with the relations and interactions between organisms and their environment, including other organisms. Ecologists study the relationships between organisms (and plants/animals) and their environment.
Answer: The answer is evolution of diseases.
Explanation:
The concept of evolution by way of natural selection is a central tenet in biology that has been tested in numerous ways by many scientists. Evolution by way of natural selection is most likely which type of concept?
Evolution by way of natural selection is an accepted hypothesis based on repeated experimental procedures having similar results.
What is a hypothesis?A hypothesis is an explanation about a given process observed in the real world that can be tested by the scientific method.
The hypotheses can become theories when they are repeatedly tested and verified as occurred with the evolution by natural selection.
In conclusion, Evolution is an accepted hypothesis based on repeated experiments.
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The switch from mitosis to meiosis in spermatogenesis is regulated by _____ levels of _______ and this is induced by _________. Fill in the blanks.
The switch from mitosis to meiosis in spermatogenesis is regulated by Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels of Luteinizing hormone (LH) and this is induced by Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF).
How does FSH, LH and GDNF help in spermatogenesis?The development and maintenance of spermatogenesis is dependent on the pituitary gonadotropins; FSH and LH.FSH works on Sertoli cells and LH on Leydig cells through their receptors FSHR and LHR respectively.Self-renewal and differentiation of the spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is regulated by soluble factors produced by the somatic Sertoli cells. One of these is glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF).Learn more about mitosis and meiosis here:
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In order to improve fat digestion, large fat globules must first be dispersed into smaller droplets in a process called __________.
In order to improve fat digestion, large fat globules must first be dispersed into smaller droplets in a process called emulsification.
What is emulsification in the digestive system?Fat emulsification is the process of increasing the surface area of fats in the small intestine by grouping them into small clusters. Large lipid globules are split up into a number of smaller lipid globules. In the chyme, these tiny globules are widely dispersed rather than aggregating into larger groups. Hydrophobic compounds include lipids. Bile salts, are present in bile and have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic sides.
Due to the fact that lipases can only effectively act on lipids when they are broken down into small aggregates, emulsification is crucial for the digestion of lipids. The lipids are converted into fatty acids and glycerides by lipases.
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All the statements are TRUE about the cardiac cycle EXCEPT:
A. The atria contract pushing blood through the bicuspid and tricuspid valves into the ventricles.
B. Deoxygenated blood moves through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium.
C. The semilunar valves close to prevent blood flowing back into the heart.
D. The ventricles contract, forcing blood up through the semilunar valves.
All the statements are true about cardiac cycle except deoxygenated blood moving through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium and is denoted as option B.
What is Cardiac cycle?This denotes how the heart performs as it beats and involves the movement of blood to other parts of the body.
Pulmonary veins transfer oxygenated blood into the left atrium. The heart then pumps it to other parts of the body which is why option B is regarded as the correct choice.
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Answer:
B.) Deoxygenated blood moves through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium.
Explanation:
I got it correct on founders edtell test
Twenty four percent of the bases of a double- stranded DNA molecule are adenine (A). What percentage of its bases would be expected to consist of guanine (G)
If the percentage of adenine bases is 24% then the guanine base percentage will be 26% according to Chargaff's rule.
DNA consist of millions of base pairs in the form of purines [Adenine (A) Guanine (G)] and pyrimidines [ thymine (T) cytosine (C) and uracil (U only in RNA in place of T).Adenine is complementary to thymine and uracil while guanine is complementary to cytosine.According to Chargaff's rule ( A + G = T + C ), DNA from all cells of all creatures should have a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine and purine bases. More specifically, the amounts of guanine and adenine should be equal to cytosine and thymine, respectively.
hence if the percentage of Adenine (A) is 24% then the complementary base Thymine (T) will also be 24%
Now A + T = 24 + 24 = 48% out of 100
the remaining 52% is composed of GC i.e., 26 % + 26%
Hence Guanine will be 26%
Finally, A + G = T + C --------> 24 + 26 = 24 + 26
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In what way does the synthesis of phage proteins in an infected bacterium differ from protein synthesis in a eukaryotic cell
The energy release from sequential redox reactions provides energy to cells most directly by: Group of answer choices Using that energy to pump protons Using that energy to rotate the flagella Using that energy to phosphorylate compounds Using that energy to create carbon compounds
The energy release from sequential redox reactions provides energy to cells most directly by Using that energy to pump protons.
By transferring electrons during chemical reactions, catabolic pathways break down organic molecules, generating energy that is then used to produce ATP.In an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, the process of losing electrons (making a chemical more positive) is referred to as oxidation, while the process of gaining electrons (making a substance more negative) is referred to as reduction.The inner mitochondrial membrane's electron transport chain receives electrons from NADH and FADH2, which causes an H+ accumulation in the inner membrane space. The direct energy source for ATP synthesis is this proton gradient (gradient of H+) flowing via the membrane enzyme complex ATP synthetase.learn more about redox reactions here: https://brainly.com/question/10488067
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If an organism that is homozygous dominant is crossed with a heterozygote for that trait, the offspring will be __________.
Answer:
all of the dominant phenotype
Explanation:
Filtration of blood in the kidney nephron begins in the: a. Bowman's capsule b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Loop of Henle
a. Filtration of blood in the kidney nephron begins in the Bowman's capsule.
The function of Bowman's Capsule:The glomerulus is protected by a two-walled pouch called Bowman's capsule. Bowman's space is the term for the area between the capsule's walls. The glomerular capsule, the Malpighian capsule, and the renal corpuscular capsule are additional names for Bowman's capsule.
Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerular capillary loops and participates in the filtration of blood from the glomerular capillaries. Additionally serving a structural purpose, Bowman's capsule generates a urinary passageway that allows filtrate to enter the nephron and go to the proximal convoluted tubule.
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An increase in plasma levels of ACTH leads to A. increased plasma vasopressin levels B. increased plasma parathyroid hormone levels C. increased plasm epinephrine levels D. increased plasma glucagon levels E. increased plasma cortisol levels
An increase in plasma levels of ACTH leads to increased plasma cortisol levels and is denoted as option E.
What is ACTH?This is referred to as a hormone which is known as adrenocorticotropic hormone and stimulates the adrenal glands.
The adrenal cortex then releases the cortisol to ensure stress control and gluconeogenesis ion the body. This method describes how the hormone controls the release of cortisol.
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Both intrasexual and intersexual selection usually cause changes in phenotypes for males and little changes in female phenotypes. Why is sexual selection usually strongest in the male of the species
The question is incomplete. Please read below to find the missing content.
Selection is usually strongest in the male of the species. D) because sperm are small and plentiful, while eggs are large and energy-rich.
Phenotype refers back to the observable traits of an organism as a multifactorial effect of genetic trends and environmental influences. The organism phenotype includes its morphological, biochemical, physiological, and behavioral residences.
A person's genotype is their specific collection of DNA. extra especially, this term is used to refer to the two alleles a person has inherited for a selected gene. Phenotype is the detectable expression of this genotype – a patient's clinical presentation.
The sum of an organism's observable traits is its phenotype. A key difference between phenotype and genotype is that, even as genotype is inherited from an organism's parents, the phenotype isn't.
Both intrasexual and intersexual selection usually cause changes in phenotypes for males and little changes in female phenotypes. Why is sexual selection usually strongest in the male of the species?
a. Males are naturally more aggressive
b. Males have a smaller genetic component than females due to fewer X chromosomes
c. Males do not pass on their mitochondria and therefore have more invested in each individual mating event
d. Because sperm are small and plentiful, while eggs are large and energy-rich.
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You are observing a leaf from a plant using the 40x objective. You note that the cells are rectangular. Assuming the field of view is 500 µm, determine the size of a single cell. You will need to show 2 calculations – one for length and one for width.
According to the stems, this cell is 125 micrometers long and 50 micrometers wide.
Calculus 1If 4 lengths of the organism reach this diameter, divide 500 by 4 to get an approximation of the cell size (125 micrometers in length).
Calculus 2If 10 organism widths reach this diameter, divide 500 by 10 to get an approximation of cell size (50 micrometers wide).
With this information, we can conclude that according to the stems, this cell is 125 micrometers long and 50 micrometers wide.
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We can estimate the size of the cell by using the following formula Size of the cell = FOV / Fit number. In this case, each cell is 125 μm length x 45.5 μm width.
How to measure a cell size?Since cells are too small to be measured, we can make an estimation about their sizes by using a mathematical formula.
To do it, we need to know the objective size, the field of view, and the number of cells that fit in the field of view.
Size of the object = FOV / Fit number
Size of the object = size of the cellFOV = Field of view = eyepiece (mm)/objective magnification Fit number = The number of times the object -cell- fits in the field of viewTo answer this question, first, we will count the number of cells that fit the field. There are,
four cells across the horizontal field of view.eleven cells across the vertical field of view.
Now, we will replace the terms in the given formula.
Length
FOV = 500 μmFit number = 4Size of the cell = FOV / Fit number
Size of the cell = 500 μm / 4 = 125 μm
Width
FOV = 500 μmFit number = 11Size of the cell = FOV / Fit number
Size of the cell = 500 μm / 11 = 45,45 μm
Hence, the approximate size of each cell is 125 μm length x 45.5 μm width.
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Leakage of lpg can be deleted by a person from a distance . name the process and write two applications of this process in our day to day life
Answer:
Explanation:
LPG gas is basically propane and butane, and it is odourless in its natural state. The smell that you notice when there is a leak is actually the stench of an entirely different agent, called Ethyl Mercaptan (C2H6S). This substance is added to the gas when it leaves the main storage terminals.
Male cones grow near the of the plant while female cones are located near the
Male cones grow near the lower region of the plant, while female cones are located near the top of the tree.
Sexual Reproduction in Gymnosperms :
The lifecycle of a gymnosperm is also characterized by the alternation of generations, just as the lifecycle of an angiosperm. In conifers, such as pines, the sporophyte is the part of the plant that is green and leafy, and the gametophytes, in both male and female, are found in the cones. Female cones are distinguishable from male cones by their bigger size and their location closer to the crown of the tree. Male cones, on the other hand, are significantly smaller and can be found closer to the base of the tree. Because the pollen is dispersed and carried by the wind, it is impossible for a gymnosperm to self-pollinate due to the configuration of the plant.
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Describe how the burning of fossil fuels affect the carbon cycle
The body's musculoskeletal system has three types of machines that produce movement. What are the three types
The body's musculoskeletal system has three types of machines that produce movement. These three types of machines are known as levers, pulleys, and axles
Bones, Cartilage, Ligaments, Tendons, and Connective tissues together constitute the musculoskeletal system. The body's musculoskeletal system involves levers, pulleys, and axles as their three main mechanical components.
The levers: Bones in the human body function as levers, joints form the axis of rotation whereas the muscle generates the force for the motion. These three works constitutively form the general lever system in the body. However, the arrangements of these three components of the lever system can vary greatly depending upon the type of joints involved and the locus and type of movement required.
The Pully: This system of the body is employed to provide direction to the applied force or to change the direction of the applied force. This can work individually or in a combination with systems that makes the movement easier.
The Axles: This system is responsible for managing the angular acceleration or torque, and magnitude of movement. It is generally present in association with the wheel which holds for the force arm which has the mechanical advantage over the axle.
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A researcher investigates a recently discovered species of plant. The plant has vascular tissues and exhibits a sporophyte and a gametophyte generation, but lacks seeds. How should the researcher classify the plant?
The plant contains vascular tissue and has an alternation of generation. But, it lacks seeds. So, the plant is a Pteridophyte.
Vascular tissues are absent in thallophytes and bryophytes. They are found in pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms. The sporophyte and gametophyte generation is common in bryophytes and pteridophytes. Seeds are produced in plants that come under the group gymnosperms and angiosperms. The presence of seeds is the main characteristic of these groups. Thallophytes, bryophytes and pteridophytes lack seeds. The reproduction in plants that comes under these groups occurs with the help of spores.Thus, the recently discovered species of the plant should be classified based on the presence of vascular tissues, gametophytes and sporophytes. As pteridophytes contain vascular tissues, sporophytes and gametophytes and lack seeds, the plant is a pteridophyte
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What feature of cells is best demonstrated in the image? Cells are formed from other cells within the same tissue. B. All organisms are made up of a large number of cells. OC. All organisms have cells with different shapes and functions. OD. Cells are the basic units of structure and make up tissues. A. What feature of cells is best demonstrated in the image ? Cells are formed from other cells within the same tissue . B. All organisms are made up of a large number of cells . OC . All organisms have cells with different shapes and functions . OD . Cells are the basic units of structure and make up tissues . A.
Answer:
Cells are the basic units of structure and makeup of tissues.
Explanation:
Definition: "...a collection of ideas and conclusions from many different scientists over time that describes cells and how cells operate." - Study.com
all atoms and molecules have mass and are therefore…
Mixing pure O2 into a yeast culture growing on grape juice will cause the yeast to multiply faster and to metabolize the sugars much more rapidly. The effect on the desired final product (wine) would be:
If we add O2 to the mixture of the pure yeast and grape juice, it becomes alcohol free.
What is yeast?Yeast is a living organism that is very important in the beverage industry especially in the production of alcoholic beverages.
It is a true statement that; Mixing pure O2 into a yeast culture growing on grape juice will lead to a faster multiplication of the yeast and also makes the sugar to metabolize more rapidly. This would make the wine produced (wine) to be nearly alcohol-free beverage.
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CORRECT ANSWER GETS BRAINLIST PLS HELP
Answer:
Your answer is B. Multiple Personality Disorder
What is the term for the part of the protective areas or tip of the DNA that grow shorter every time the cell divides
The term for the part of the protective areas or tip of the DNA that grow shorter every time the cell divides is known as a telomere
Toward the ends of each and every chromosome in our body lies a long chain of repetitive monotonous DNA called a telomere, which goes about as a protective cap. A telomere is a region of monotonous repetitive DNA groupings toward the ends of a chromosome. Telomeres shield or protect the ends of the chromosomes from getting frayed or tangled. When a cell separates or divides, the telomeres become marginally more limited. In the end, they appear so short that the cell can never again divide effectively, and the cell dies.
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what is A loss of an electron during a chemical reaction
Answer:
chemical reaction that involves the transfer of an electron is classified is an oxidation and reduction reaction oxidation is the process of losing an electrons while reduction is a process of gaining them. any chemical that cause another chemical to use electrons oxidized is called an oxidizing agent
Answer:
The loss of electrons is called oxidation.
Explanation:
Because any loss of electrons by one substance must be accompanied by a gain in electrons by something else, oxidation and reduction always occur together.
rue or false: A muscle fiber that is partially shortened can produce a contraction stronger than the contraction it can produce when at its resting length.
For a muscle cell to contract, the sarcomere must shorten. However, thick and thin filaments—the components of sarcomeres—do not shorten. Instead, they slide by one another, causing the sarcomere to shorten while the filaments remain the same length. The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction was developed to fit the differences observed in the named bands on the sarcomere at different degrees of muscle contraction and relaxation. The mechanism of contraction is the binding of myosin to actin, forming cross-bridges that generate filament movement ....so therefore it's false
Match each description
The answer is as follows:
SolidGasBose-Einstein condensate liquidPlasmaWhat are Bose-Einstein condensate and plasma?The key contrast between plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate is that the plasma condition prevents a gas of ions and free electrons. In comparison, Bose-Einstein condensate collects a gas of bosons at low viscosity, which is cooled to a low temperature close to final zero.
Thus, this could be the answer.
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The rigid vibrating particles are found in solid, while the stripped electrons of particles at higher temperatures are found in gas.
What are Bose-Einstein condensate and plasma?The key contrast between plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate is that the plasma condition prevents a gas of ions and free electrons, whereas Bose-Einstein condensate collects a gas of bosons at low viscosity, which is cooled to a low temperature close to final zero.
The rigid vibrating particles are found in solid.Stripped electrons at high temperatures are found with particles of Gas.Particles acting as a single particle at low temperatures are of Bose-Einstein Condensate.Independently moving particles are found with Liquid.The relative movement of the particle without being completely separated is plasma.To learn more about Bose-Einstein condensate click here:
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Labrador retrievers' fur color is controlled by two alleles, E and B. Any dog with the ee_ genotype d evelops into a yellow lab, while B_E_ dogs become black labs and bbE_ dogs become chocolate labs. This is an example of __ .
This is an example of recessive epistasis.
Here the presence of recessive allele ee at one locus inhibits the phenotypic effect of genes at the B locus.
As it is mentioned in the question above the ee__ genotype develops into a yellow lab.
Dominant B gene can produce the black coat color phenotype only when a dominant allele E is also present.
If the genotype is B_ee, then yellow coat color would be produced.
Therefore the recessive allele e in homozygous ee form masks the effect of the dominant B allele.
Recessive epistasis is the phenomenon in which the expression of one gene pair is depending on some other gene pair. In different words, one gene must be grown to become one for any other gene to be expressed.
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A woman with type AB blood marries a man with type B blood. If they have children, what are all the possible blood types for the children
Answer:
It would depend if the man has BO type blood or BB. The possible choice for AB X BB is AB or BB. The choices for AB x BO would be AB, BB, AO, or BO.
Explanation:
If you do the Punnet square of these combinations, you will get these possible combinations.
regulate blood flow into the capillary bed and respond to local chemical conditions. If the tissue is metabolically active, they would _________________________ in diameter to allow flow into the tissue. If the tissue is not metabolically active, they would _________________________ in diameter and blood would be __________________________ through the capillary bed. What are the changes in the tissues and what is a byproduct when there is active metabolism
Pre capillary sphincters regulates the blood flow into the capillary bed and respond to local chemical conditions. If tissue is metabolically active they would increase in diameter to allow flow into the tissue. If the tissue is not metabolically active they would decrease in diameter and blood flow would be decreased through the capillary bed.
When the metabolism is operating, changes are created.
1. An increase in adenosine concentration
2. a rise in carbon dioxide levels there.
3. A rise in lactic acid levels.
4. A high pH.
5. A decrease in oxygen content
After the tissue has been removed, the metabolism of the tissue slows down. The recorded variances must take these potential variables into consideration because the temperature drops often. The tissue may be stabilized in a live condition in vitro if it is sustained by temperature and perfusion systems.learn more about tissue metabolism here: https://brainly.com/question/14422941
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Pre-capillary sphincters regulate the blood flow into the capillary bed and respond to local chemical conditions. If tissue is metabolically active it would increase in diameter to allow flow into the tissue. If the tissue is not metabolically active it would decrease in diameter and blood flow would be decreased through the capillary bed.
What are Pre-capillary sphincters?A precapillary sphincter is a band of pericytes or smooth muscle-like contractile mural cells that regulates blood flow into capillaries. They were once believed to solely exist in the mesenteric microcirculation, where they had been first described.
Changes take place while the metabolism is active.
A rise in the level of adenosineA spike in the area's carbon dioxide levels.An increase in blood lactate levels.A high pH. A drop in oxygen concentrationThe tissue's metabolism slows down after it has been removed.
Since the temperature drops frequently, the reported variations must take these potential variables into account.
If the tissue is maintained via temperature and perfusion systems, it may be stabilized in a living state in vitro.
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