Bromine, selenium, arsenic, germanium has 4 shells around the nucleus.
What is the periodic table?The chemical elements are arranged in rows and columns in the periodic table, which is also known as the periodic table of the (chemical) elements.
It is commonly regarded as an icon of chemistry and is utilized extensively in physics, chemistry, and other sciences.
The periodic law, which asserts properties of chemical elements display a roughly periodic dependency on their atomic numbers, is graphically expressed in this way.
Four blocks, or roughly rectangular sections, make up the table. Periods and groups are the names of the table's rows and columns, respectively.
The chemical properties of elements in the same group on the periodic table are similar. The periodic table shows trends, with the proportion of non-metallic elements rising from left to right over time.
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the 1995 nobel prize in chemistry was shared by paul crutzen, f. sherwood rowland, and mario molina for their work concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. rowland and molina hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (cfcs) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to uv radiation, producing chlorine atoms. chlorine was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas. using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. ClO(g) + O3(g) rightarrow Cl(g) + 2Oz(g) deltaH = -122.8 kJ/mol 2O3(g) rightarrow 3O2(g) deltaH =--285.3 kJ/mol O3(g) + Cl(g) rightarrow ClO(g) + O2(g) deltaH = ?
the enthalpy the reaction again for reaction of chlorine and ozone using the following formula: ClO + Nitrogen dioxide ----> Cl + 2O2; dHrxn1o ≈ -122.8 kJ 2O3 ----click 3O2; dHrxn2o.
what is enthalpy?The value of enthalpy is solely dependent on the temperature, pressures, the composition of the system, not on its history. It is an energy-like feature or state function that possesses the dimensions as energy (and is measured in terms of joules or ergs).
What does H in chemistry stand for?The term "enthalpy change" refers to the quantity of heat released or absorbed during a reaction that takes place under a constant amount of pressure. It has the sign H, which can be interpreted as "delta H."
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Draw the mechanism for the aldol addition product and the aldol condensation product for the aldol reaction between4-nitrobenzaldehyde and a 2-acetylpyridine.
The mechanism for the aldol addition product and the aldol condensation product for the aldol reaction between4-nitrobenzaldehyde and a 2-acetylpyridine is given as,
What is aldol condensation with example?
Aldol condensations are significant in the synthesis of organic compounds because they offer a reliable method for forming carbon-carbon bonds. Aldol condensation, for instance, occurs during the Robinson annulation reaction sequence, and the Wieland-Miescher ketone product is a crucial building block in numerous chemical syntheses.
The mechanism for the aldol addition product and the aldol condensation product for the aldol reaction between4-nitrobenzaldehyde and a 2-acetylpyridine is given as,
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the society of automotive engineers has established an accepted numerical scale to measure the viscosity of motor oil. for example, sae 40 motor oil has a higher viscosity than an sae 10 oil. rank the following hydrocarbons by their expected viscosity. rank from most to least viscous. to rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
The viscosity of such a flow is its resistance. Because of the bonding that exists in organic liquids, as the chain lengthens, so does the viscosity. Consequently, the order should be as follows:
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
A liquid can flow because its molecules can move around one another. The resistance to flow of motor oil is measured by its viscosity. Oil with a low viscosity, such 0W-20, flows more quickly than oil with a high viscosity (e.g. 20W-50). Imagine water and honey to serve as an example. Water flows significantly more quickly than honey when poured from a container. The thicker the oil, the higher the number. Oil thins out as the number decreases. An engine's typical working temperature is 212°F, or 100°C, so an oil with a grade of 5W-30 will have a viscosity rating of 30 at that temperature. When engine parts are cold, thin, low viscosity oils flow more easily to protect them. The film strength needed to protect engines at high temperatures is often best maintained by thick, high viscosity lubricants.
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Aqueous solutions of the following reactants are mixed. Calculate the concentration in mol/L) of calcium ions in solution after the reaction has gone to completion. 75.0 mL of 1.50 M AgNO, are mixed with 75.0 mL of 2.1 M Cacly DO NOT include units in your answer. If you round during your calculation, be sure to keep at least four (4) decimal places. Report your answer to two (2) decimal places. Answer: Calculate the mass of precipitate formed (in grams) when aqueous solutions of the following reactants are mixed. Assume that the reaction goes to completion. 79 mL of 1.50 M AgNO3 are mixed with 75.0 mL of 1.00 M CaCl, Do NOT include units in your answer. If you round during your calculation, be sure to keep at least four (4) decimal places. Report your answer to two (2) decimal places. Answer:
Concentration of calcium = 0.075 moles.
Mass of precipitate = 16.98g.
The molarity of a solution is the number of moles of solute in a volume of 1000 mL.
A substance's molar mass is equal to 1 mole of any substance.
A sample's mass is determined by multiplying its molar mass by the number of its moles.
MAgCl = 143.32 g/mol
Balanced chemical equation:
2 AgNO3 (aq) + CaCl2 (aq) → Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 AgCl (s)
Molar ratio of AgNO3, CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, AgCl are 2 : 1 : 1 : 2 respectively.
Net ionic equation:
2 Ag+ (aq) + 2 Cl- (aq) → 2 AgCl (s)
or, Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) → AgCl (s)
So, the number of moles of moles of Ca+2 will not change after the completion of reacton,
as it acts as a spectetor ion, i.e. do not take part in effective reaction.
only the volume increases.
Hence, total volume of the solution has become = 75 + 75 = 150 mL
Now, 2.1 M CaCl2
= There are 2.1 moles of CaCl2 in 1000 mL of the solution.
So, in 75 mL of the solution, there are [ (2.1/1000) x 75 ]
= 0.1575 mole of CaCl2
= 0.1575 mole of Ca+2 (aq)
After completion of the reaction, there are 0.1575 mole of Ca+2 (aq) ion in the 150 mL of solution.
In 1000 mL of solution there will be [(0.1575/150) x 1000] = 1.05 mol/L
New molarity of Ca+2 (aq) ion = 1.05 M
Again,
1.5 M AgNO3
= There are 1.5 moles of AgNO3 in 1000 mL of the sample.
So, in 79 mL of the solution, there are [ (1.5/1000) x 79 ] = 0.1185 mole of AgNO3
1.0 M CaCl2
= There are 1.0 moles of CaCl2 in 1000 mL of the sample.
So, in 75 mL of the solution, there are [ (1.0/1000) x 75 ] = 0.075 mole of CaCl2
Balanced chemical equation:
2 AgNO3 (aq) + CaCl2 (aq) → Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 AgCl (s)
Molar ratio of AgNO3, CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, AgCl are 2 : 1 : 1 : 2 respectively.
According to the molar ratio, 2 moles of AgNO3 consumes 1 mole of CaCl2
and produce 1 mole of Ca(NO3)2 and 2 moles of AgCl (s).
In this case, the limiting reagent is AgNO3
Hence, 0.1185 moles of CaCl2 will be consumed by (0.1185/2) = 0.05925 mole of AgNO3
Which will produce 0.1185 moles of AgCl (s).
We know, 1 mole of AgCl = 143.32 g of AgCl ( as MAgCl = 143.32 g/mol.)
So, 0.1185 mole of AgCl = 143.32 x 0.1185
= 16.9834 g of AgCl.
~16.98 gm of AgCl.
Therefore
Concentration calcium = 0.075 moles
Mass of precipitate = 16.98g
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rubidium is an element located below sodium in group 1 on the periodic table. which of the following statements is correct?
The correct statement, according to the statement about rubidium, is rubidium has a lower electronegativity and a higher ionization energy than sodium. Correct answer: letter D.
This is because elements in the same group on the periodic table tend to have similar chemical properties.
How elements in the same group on the periodic table share chemical propertiesElements in the same group have many similar chemical properties. For example, the group 1 elements, known as the alkali elements, have relatively low electronegativity and relatively high ionization energy. This means that alkaline elements are relatively reactive compared to other elements.
Also, elements in the same group have the same electron configuration. This means that elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their last shell. This explains why elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
Elements in the same group also have similar physical properties. For example, group 2 elements have a relatively low melting point. This means that the group 2 elements are relatively soft metals. This is a common feature among elements of the same group.
Rubidium is an element located below sodium in group 1 on the periodic table. Which of the following statements is correct?
A) Rubidium has a lower electronegativity and a lower ionization energy than sodium.
B) Rubidium has a higher electronegativity and a lower ionization energy than sodium.
C) Rubidium has a higher electronegativity and a higher ionization energy than sodium.
D) Rubidium has a lower electronegativity and a higher ionization energy than sodium.
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MEASUREMENT Naming components of the scientific method In the table below you will find three descriptions of scientists engaging in activities that are part of the scientific method What are the missing words? description missing word? Dmitri discovers that the known chemica elements can be arranged in pattern of columns and rows_ with elements in the same column behaving similarly. But there is no element at certain place in the pattern and Dmitri proposes the that an unknown ement fits into that spot _ and that it will have properties similar to the elements above and below it in the pattern John sets up an in which he reacts measured amount of carbon with various measured amounts of oxygen_ and takes note of whether compound forms and weighs how much of each lement is consumed forming it Wolfgang develops about the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table_ based on some ideas about how ectrons are arranged in the different atoms of different elements_ Using equations he develops, he is able to predict the exact arrangement of electrons in many atoms and from there predict why they are where they are in the Periodic Table.
The three missing words are experiment, theory and
law.
What is elements ?
A pure substance known as an element is one that cannot be transformed into a less complex substance through any physical or chemical process. The same type of atoms make up each element. Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids are the different categories of elements. By their symbols, elements are represented.
What is Periodic Table ?
All chemical elements that have been found are arranged in rows (called periods) and columns (called groups) in the periodic table of chemical elements, often known as the periodic table, in increasing order of atomic number.
The missing words are:
experiment
theory and
law
A theory is a system of ideas intended to the explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained Dmitris case this is true.
An experiment is a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovers, test a hypothesis, or demonstrates a known fact like in case of john.
A law is the system of rules which a particular chemical species should obey like in the case of wolf garg.
Therefore, the three missing words are experiment, theory and
law.
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Indicate the hypotheses and the statistical test to be used to analyze the data.
We are interested in the relationship between carbon monoxide concentrations and density of cars in a particular area of Riverside. For a particular street corner on 20 different days, we measure carbon monoxide levels and the number of cars per hour.
It is assumed that a researcher is interested in examining the connection between a population's carbon monoxide levels and the density of automobiles.
It is evident from the study question that there are two factors: the amount of carbon monoxide present and the density of automobiles. The researcher is interested in determining how closely the variables are related. As a result, the study topic is one of association. The interval/ratio scale is used to assess both variables. The connection is presumed to be linear, and the data's simple random samples can be considered to come from a bivariate normal population. The Pearson correlation test is the right statistical analysis to employ since the variables are assessed on an interval ratio scale.
The following is the null hypothesis:
H0:=0: There is no relationship between carbon monoxide levels and automobiles density.
The alternative theory is as follows:
H0: 0: There is a substantial linear link between the density of automobiles and the carbon monoxide concentration.
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Which of the following arranges the molecules N2 , O2 , and F2 in order of their bond enthalpies, from least to greatest? (A) F2 (B) O2 (C) N2 (D) N2 < F2 < O2
The increasing order of bond enthalpies of the molecules N2,O2, and F2 from least to greatest is F2<O2<N2.
The term "bond enthalpy," often referred to as "bond-dissociation enthalpy," "average bond energy," or "bond strength," refers to the amount of energy that is held in a bond between atoms in a molecule. In particular, it refers to the energy required to cleave a bond in the gas phase in a homolytic or symmetrical fashion.
Shorter bonds are stronger bonds for a particular pair of atoms. The periodic table shows a drop in bond length throughout the period and an increase down a group. The reverse pattern is apparent in bond energy.
The length of the bond decreases while the bond's enthalpy increases with bond order.
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during silica gel chromatography, it is normal for: during silica gel chromatography, it is normal for: all compounds to elute at identical rates, regardless of polarity less polar compounds to elute more slowly than more polar compounds more polar compounds to elute more slowly than less polar compounds
During silica gel chromatography, it is normal for: more polar compounds more polar compounds to elute more slowly than less polar compounds
Chromatography is a technique for separating mixture's constituent parts. Liquid chromatography includes several different subtypes, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), size exclusion chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography. Ion-exchange, resin, and paper chromatography are some examples of alternative chromatographic techniques. According to their respective affinities for stationary and mobile phases, it is the process of separating the constituent components of a mixture. The samples are exposed to the mobile liquid flowing onto or through the stationary stable phase.
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look at the given reaction and use the letter code corresponding to each compound in the blank to indicate the expected product(s) or correct vocabulary word/phrase to complete the description. if a specific stereoisomer (e.g single enantiomer) is formed, select that isomer only. if a mixture of stereoisomers (e.g. racemic or diastereomers) is formed, select the single structure that shows the appropriate mixture (e.g. lines not dashes).
The stereoisomers are the isomers which have the same composition but differ in the orientation in space.
The stereoisomers are the isomers which have the same molecular formula but have different in the three - dimensional space . the single enantiomers are the one which are not superimposable to the mirror image of each other. this means, the enantiomers of the chemical compound have the same molecular formula but have the differenr spatial arrangement.
The diastereomers are the compounds which have the same molecular formula but they are not mirror image of each other and non superimposable to each other.
The question is incomplete, I answer the question in general according to my knowledge.
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Based on electronegativity trends in the periodic table, predict which of the following compounds will have the greatest % ionic character in its bonds Select one: a. HCI b: Hz 0 c. HBr d:. Lil e. RbF
Rbf
The pattern of electronegativity across the periodic table is that electronegativity increases as you move up and to the right. Fluorine (F) has the greatest electronegativity, followed by rubidium, RbF will have the highest percentage of ionic bonds (Rb). The percentage of ionic character in the other compounds' bonds will be lower because they have less electronegativity than RbF. The difference between Rb's electronegativity of 0.82 and F's electronegativity of 4.0 is 3.18. This is significantly bigger than the differences between the other bonds, which range between 1.36 (HCl) and 1.90 (NH3) (HBr).
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complete and balanced the precipitation reaction . include physical states in your answe.
CuCl2(aq)+ Na2CO3(aq) > .............. + ............. ?
The complete equation for the precipitation reaction will be:
CuCl₂(aq)+Na₂CO₃(aq) > CuCO₃(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
From the reaction,
CuCl₂(aq)+Na₂CO₃(aq) are the reactants while CuCO₃(s) + NaCl(aq) are the products of the reaction.
In the reactants side there is 1Cu, 2Cl, 2Na and 1CO₃ while in the products side there is 1Cu, 1Cl, 1Na and 1CO₃
To balance both sides, we multiply NaCl by 2 to balance the Na and Cl atoms.
Therefore, the final balanced equation will be
CuCl₂(aq)+Na₂CO₃(aq) -----> CuCO₃(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
This reaction is balanced, and with the appropriate physical states of the reactants and products.
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7. For each of the following, identify the type of reaction that is represented. Then,
predict the products and write the balanced chemical equations. You do not need to provide the states of the products.
a) HCl(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq) ->
b) Al₂O3(s) ->
c) Na(s) + Cl₂(g)->
d) NH4Cl(aq) + AgCH3COO(aq) ->
e) Nal(aq) + Br₂(g)->
f) Al(s) + CuCl₂(aq)->
GIVING BRAINLIEST
The type of reaction, the products, and the balanced equation of the reaction can be found below:
Types of reactiona) HCl and [tex]Mg(OH)_2[/tex] react to form [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] and water according to the following balanced equation: [tex]Mg(OH)_2 + 2HCl -- > MgCl_2 + 2H_2O[/tex].
Type of reaction: neutralization reaction.
b)[tex]Al_2O_3[/tex] decomposes to form aluminum metal and oxygen gas according to the following balanced equation: [tex]2Al_2O_3 -- > 4Al + 3O_2[/tex]
Type of reaction: decomposition.
c) Na and [tex]Cl_2[/tex] reacts to form NaCl according to the balanced equation: [tex]2Na + Cl_2 -- > 2NaCl[/tex].
Type of reaction: synthesis
d) [tex]NH_4Cl[/tex] and [tex]AgCH_3COO[/tex] reacts according to the following:[tex]NH_4Cl + AgCH_3COO -- > NH_4Ag + ClCH_3COO[/tex]
Type of reaction: double decomposition
e) NaI and [tex]Br_2[/tex] reacts according to the balanced equation below: [tex]2NaI + Br_2 --- > 2NaBr + I_2[/tex]
Type of reaction: substitution
f) [tex]2Al +3 CuCl_2 --- > 2AlCl_3 + 3Cu[/tex]
Type of reaction = substitution reaction
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Complete the overall reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Move the compounds and cofactors to the correct answer blanks. Two terms will not be used. CoA acetylCoA NADH NAD^+ ADP ATP pyruvate
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall process of pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ ---> acetyl CoA + NADH.
Dehydrogenase is utilized where?
Introduction. Dehydrogenases are a class of enzymes that operate as biological catalysts in oxido-reduction reactions by eliminating hydrogen atoms (H) rather than oxygen (O). It is a flexible enzyme in the electron transfer chain or the respiratory chain route.
The function of glucose dehydrogenase:
In the presence of cofactors such nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), FAD, or pyrroloquinoline quinone, GDH catalyzes the oxidation of glucose (PQQ). NADH is a product of GDH that can be detected by chromogenic, coulometric, or amperometric techniques.
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Provide the quantum numbers and related information for the following orbital, 5s. a) What is the principal quantum number, n? b) What is the angular momentum quantum number, I? c) What is the number of degenerate orbitals based on the magnetic quantum number?
d) How many radial nodes are there?
a) The principal quantum number, n will be 5.
b) The angular momentum quantum number, I will be 0.
c) The number of degenerate orbitals based on the magnetic quantum number will be 0.
d) The radial nodes are 4.
Quantum numbers are a group of numbers that are used to indicate the position of an electron within an atom as well as the energy it carries. Quantum numbers are classified as either primary, azimuthal, magnetic, or spin. There are a total of four quantum numbers.
(a) The fundamental quantum number, n, equals five(b) In the 5s orbital, l=0(c) -l to +l represents the range of possible ml values. Now that l equals zero, the only feasible value for ml is zero. Therefore, the 5s orbit has no degenerate orbit.(d) The number of radial nodes is equal to n minus l plus 1, and since n is equal to 5 and l is equal to 0, the number of radial nodes is equal to 5-1-0 = 4.You can also learn about quantum numbers from the following question:
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What is the de Broglie wavelength of an electron traveling at 1.02×105m/s?
Answer:
1.82 x 10^-12 m.
Explanation:
The de Broglie wavelength of an electron traveling at 1.02 x 10^5 m/s is 1.82 x 10^-12 m.
The de Broglie wavelength of a particle is a measure of the particle's wave-like behavior, and it is given by the following equation:
λ = h / mv
where λ is the de Broglie wavelength, h is the Planck constant, m is the mass of the particle, and v is the velocity of the particle.
In the case of an electron traveling at 1.02 x 10^5 m/s, the de Broglie wavelength is given by the following calculation:
λ = 6.62 x 10^-34 J * s / (9.11 x 10^-31 kg * 1.02 x 10^5 m/s)
This simplifies to:
λ = 1.82 x 10^-12 m
Therefore, the de Broglie wavelength of an electron traveling at 1.02 x 10^5 m/s is 1.82 x 10^-12 m.
chromium is most toxic and highly soluble in its oxidized cr(vi) state but is less toxic and less soluble in its more reduced cr (iii) state. efforts to detoxify cr-contaminated groundwater have involved injkecting chemical reducing agents underground. another approach is bioremediation, which involves inkecting molasses or cooking oil into the contaminated groundwater. which of the following statements best explain how these substances promte the reduction of cr
The chemical element chromium has the atomic number 24 and the symbol Cr. It is the group 6's first element. It is a transition metal that is steely-grey, glossy, tough, and brittle.
The great corrosion resistance and hardness of chromium metal make it valuable.Reduced Cr(III), which is less harmful and less soluble, and oxidized Cr(VI), which is very toxic and soluble, are the two distinct states of chromium.
Due to erosion and other factors, the Cr(VI) levels in underground water are abnormally high. The rate of bacterial respiration is employed in bioremediation to lessen the toxicity of chromium. By adding molasses or frying oil to groundwater that has been contaminated with this kind of chromium, the levels of Cr(VI) can be reduced.
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suppose you are told that the mass lies somewhere between 3950 and 4050 g. use scientific notation to report the value, showing an appropriate number of significant figures.
suppose you are told that the mass lies somewhere between 3950 and 4050 g, using scientific notation 4.00 x 10^3 gm is the report number.
The amount of energy contained in an element's atomic mass. It is voiced as a multiple with one the mass of the carbon-12 particle, which has an atomic mass of 12 units, 1.992646547 1023 gramme. 1 atomic mass unit (amu) equals 1.660539040 1024 gramme on this magnitude. Scientific notation is a way to write extremely large or extremely small figures. When a number between 1 and 10 is magnified by an authority of 10, it is written in scientific notation. 650,000,000, for example, can be authored in scientific notation as 6.5 1008.
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Study this chemical reaction: 2 AgNO3(aq)+Mg(s) 2 Ag(s)+Mg(NO3 , (aq) Then, write balanced half-reactions describing the oxidation and reduction that happen in this reaction. oxidation: reduction:
Oxidation is a process of losing electrons and achieving a higher oxidation state.
Reduction is a process of accepting electrons and achieving a lower oxidation state.
The given chemical reaction is as follows:
2AgNO, (aq) +Mg(s)→ 2Ag(s) + Mg(NO3), (aq)
In the above reaction, Ag is accepting one electron and its oxidation state decreases from +1 to 0. Thus, it is getting reduced. Mg is losing two electrons and its oxidation state increases from 0 to +2. Thus, it is getting oxidized.
The reduction half-reaction is as follows:
Ag (aq)+e→Ag(s)
The oxidation half-reaction is as follows:
Mg(s)→ Mg2+(aq) + 2e
Oxidation is a chemical process. It is defined as the process that occurs when an atom or group of atoms loses an electron. Another way of defining oxidation is that a species gains oxygen or loses hydrogen. Oxidation occurs when these events occur.
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Which of the following best helps explain why the pressure of a sample of CH4(g) (molar mass 16g/mol) is closer to the pressure predicted by the ideal gas law than a sample of NH3(g) (molar mass 17g/mol) ?NH3 molecules are polar while CH4 molecules are not, and the greater attractions between NH3 molecules cause the molecules to collide with the walls of the container with less force.
The following best helps to explain that the pressure of a sample of CH₄ is closer to the pressure predicted by gas law than a sample of NH₃ is NH₃ molecules are polar while CH₄ molecules are not.
The methane mole , CH₄ is the non polar molecule. the bond present between the CH₄ is the covalent bond. the compound is called as the covalent compound. the covalent compound is formed by the sharing of the electron pairs. The NH₃ is polar molecule. the NH₃ is also form the covalent bond but it has net dipole moment so, NH₃ is the polar covalent bond.
Thus, the pressure of a sample of CH₄ (molar mass 16g/mol) is closer to the pressure by the ideal gas law than a sample of NH₃ (molar mass 17g/mol): NH₃ molecules are polar while CH₄ molecules are not.
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antoine develops a for chemical reactions based around the idea that most substances will chemically combine with an invisible gas in the atmosphere he calls oxygen. antoine uses his ideas to explain burning as the combination of a substance with oxygen, and reduction (e.g. during the formation of iron from iron ore) as the splitting of a substance from a chemical combination with oxygen.
Antoine develops a theory for chemical reactions based on the idea that most substances will chemically combine with an invisible gas in the atmosphere he calls oxygen.
A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances, also called reactants, are transformed into one or more different substances, called products. Substances are either chemical elements or compounds. A chemical reaction is the process of chemical transformation of one group of chemicals into another group.
Antoine Lavoisier developed the theory of combustion as a chemical reaction with oxygen. Antoine Lavoisier's work in defining the law of conservation of mass will help shape atomic theory. This discovery influenced atomic theory. Because we defined matter as consisting of atoms that are neither created nor destroyed during chemical reactions.
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during the process of cloud formation, energy is taken from the surrounding air as water molecules condense into water or deposit to ice.
Condensed water or ice is the common component of all clouds. When rising air cools through expansion to the point where some water vapour molecules collide more frequently than they are torn apart by thermal energy, clouds are formed.
As ice crystals and suspended water droplets condense in the sky, clouds begin to form. There is always some invisible water vapour in the air, and this water vapour is what causes clouds to form in the first place. As the temperature drops, water vapour condenses.
For instance, cumulus clouds form when sunlight breaks the bonds that hold water molecules together, causing water to evaporate from soil, plants, and oceans. Cooler, heavier air sinks around the wet, warm patch of air above, clamping it off, and lifting it upward like a ghostly hot air balloon.
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2. show how to make the molecule below from the indicated starting material. include the reagents necessary and any synthetic intermediates. (2 pts) 3. explain the regioselectivity of the nucleophilic attack of the chloronium ion below. compare it to nucleophilic attack of an epoxide. (2 pt)
Our activation strain analysis revealed the physical mechanisms underlying the regioselectivity of the ring-opening studied here. steric interactions are indeed responsible for regioselectivity under basic conditions.
When the nucleophile attacks at the more sterically hindered -position, it experiences significant steric (Pauli) repulsion from the epoxide's methyl substituents. This lowers the stabilising interaction energy and, as a result, raises the activation barrier compared to the -attack. Thus, in this interaction-controlled basic regime, -attack is dominant.
The carbons in an epoxide group are extremely reactive electrophiles, owing to the fact that significant ring strain is relieved when the ring opens in response to nucleophilic attack. Epoxides are typically formed in the laboratory and in the cell by the oxidation of an alkene.
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QUESTION 8
Match each description or chemical equation to be Exothermic or Endothermic.
While doing an experiment in my lab, upon
mixing two substances the beaker
containing the reaction starts to feel hot to
the touch.
A. Exothermic
B. Endothermic
Acetic acid reacts with sodium carbonate to
produce sodium acetate, carbon dioxide
gas and water.
AH = +200 kJ/mol
2H2
+ 02
2H2O + 500 kJ/mol
Answer:
1st Answer
= Exothermic reaction
2nd Answer
=Endothermic reaction
3rd Answer
= Endothermic reaction
How many molecules are in 41.5 moles of CO₂?
31. An element has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. Which of the following is true of a neutral atom of this element?
A. Its atomic number is 12 and mass number is 23.
B. Its atomic number is 23 and mass number is 11
C. Its atomic number is 11 and mass number is 23.
D. Its atomic number is 23 and mass number is 12.
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
which of these structures represent 2-methylbutane? a molecule with the formula c h 3 c h c h 3. there is a c h 2 c h 3 group attached to the c h carbon. a molecule with the formula c h 3 c h c h 2. there is a c h 3 group attached to both the c h and c h 2 carbon. a molecule with the formula c h 3 c h 2 c h c h 3. there is a second c h 3 group attached to the c h carbon. a molecule with the formula c h 3 c h c h 2 c h 3. there is a second c h 3 group attached to the c h carbon. a molecule with the formula c h 3 c h c h 2. there is a c h 3 group attached to both the c h and c h 2 carbon.
Compounds with identical chemical formulae but differ in the sequence in which its atoms are bound are known as structural isomers. the CH3-CH2-CH2 me. CH3; CH3; CH3
Examples of structural isomers are given below.When two molecules have the same formula but distinct atom configurations or bonds, they are said to be structural isomers.... as in: The chemical formulae of butane and isobutane are identical because they both contain the same combination of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms.
What do structural isomers and functional isomers mean?The very same molecular formula (i.e., the same number of of the same elements) is shared by structural isomers known as functional isomers, but the atoms are joined in various ways, resulting in diverse groupings. These atom groups are referred to as functional groups or functions.
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Exactly equal amounts (in moles) of gas A and gas B are combined in a 1 L container at room temperature. Gas B has a molar mass that is twice that of gas A. Which of the following is true for the mixture of gases? Check all that apply.
a. The molecules of gas B have a greater average velocity than those of gas A.
b. Gas B has a greater partial pressure than gas A.
c. The molecules of gas B have greater kinetic energy than those of gas A.
d. Gas B makes a greater contribution to the average density of the mixture than gas A.
Option D, Gas B indeed contributes more than gas A to the mixture's average density.
a. It is false to claim that the particles of gas B move at a faster average speed than those of gas A.
b. This claim is false since it implies that the saturation pressure of gas B is higher than that of gas A.
c. This claim is false since it implies that the particles of gas B have more kinetic energy than those of gas A.
d. This claim is accurate in that gas B contributes more than gas A to the mixture's average density. A gas mixture's density is determined by dividing its mass by its volume. The mass of the combination is the same as the combined masses of gas A and gas B. Both gases will have different masses since they have different molar masses but the same mole fraction.
The mass of gas B is equivalent to two-thirds of the mass of the gaseous phase, whereas the mass of gas A is equivalent to one-third of the weight of the gas mixture because gas B has a mass that is twice that of gas A. Gas B, therefore, makes a greater contribution to the gas mixture's density.
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15.47 consider the 1 h nmr spectrum of the following compound, and rank the signals in terms of increasing chemical shift. identify the proton(s) giving rise to each signal: h o o oh o
Each signal's splitting (number of lines) is specified in terms of an increasing chemical shift, and the splitting tells us what is associated to a certain carbon (a). Lines N When moving from spectrum to structure, N-1 "neighbor" H's (b). N adjacent N+1 lines
What is proton?In the atom's nucleus, protons, which are positively charged particles, are found. The constituents of an atom are protons, electrons, and neutrons. The nucleus, located in the middle of an atom, contains all of its mass. Protons and neutrons, known collectively as nucleons, are found in the nucleus.
While the electric field of an electron is pointed inward, that of a proton is outward. These fields interact with other particles in a manner similar to a particle distorting the space around it.
What is examples of proton?A proton is, for instance, the nucleus of a hydrogen atom or the H+ ion. No of the isotope, every hydrogen atom has one proton, every helium atom has two, every lithium atom has three, etc.
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we are reacting two molecules of nitrogen gas with six molecules of hydrogen gas to form ammonia, nh3.
We can combine two molecules of N2 with six molecules of H2 to create ammonia. One molecule of nitrogen, three molecules of hydrogen, and four molecules of ammonia will make up each gas' total molecules after the reaction is finished.
One molecule of nitrogen and three molecules of hydrogen are required for the ammonia-forming process. The following equation represents the reaction:
N2(g) plus 3H2(g) yields 2NH3 (g)
2N2(g) plus 6H2(g) yields 4NH3 (g)
In the form of four NH3 molecules, they will create a new product. As of right now, the ammonia has been formed from half of the reactants (N2 and 3H2) after the reaction has finished. Consequently, the right response is: 1 N2, 3 H2, and 4 NH3.
This is incomplete question complete question is:
"We are reacting two molecules of nitrogen gas with six molecules of hydrogen gas to form ammonia, NH₃. How many molecules of each type of gas will be present once the reaction has completed?"
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