The objectives of assessing the internal control system of Nafal Contracting and Trading Co.
LLC would be:Identify weaknesses and vulnerabilities: The assessment aims to identify any weaknesses or vulnerabilities in the internal control system that could expose the company to risks, such as fraud, errors, or inefficiencies.Evaluate compliance: The assessment will determine the extent to which the internal control system aligns with applicable laws, regulations, and industry best practices. This includes assessing whether the company is adhering to its own policies and procedures.Safeguard assets: The assessment will ensure that the internal control system effectively safeguards the company's assets, including financial resources, physical assets, and intellectual property, from theft, misuse, or damage.Enhance operational efficiency: The assessment will evaluate the effectiveness of the internal control system in promoting operational efficiency and effectiveness. It will identify any bottlenecks or inefficiencies that may hinder the company's ability to achieve its objectives.Ensure reliable financial reporting: The assessment will focus on the internal controls related to financial reporting, ensuring accuracy, completeness, and timeliness of financial information. This objective is crucial for maintaining transparency and integrity in financial reporting.
To assess the internal control system of Nafal Contracting and Trading Co. LLC, the following steps can be followed:Understand the internal control framework: Familiarize yourself with the company's internal control framework, policies, and procedures. This includes reviewing relevant documentation, such as internal control manuals, process flows, and organizational charts.Identify control objectives and risks: Determine the key control objectives for each functional area, such as building, concrete repair, corrosion protection, insulation work, and scaffolding. Identify the associated risks that could affect the achievement of these objectives.Evaluate control design: Assess the design of the internal controls by reviewing the segregation of duties, authorization processes, documentation requirements, and access controls. This involves analyzing whether controls are properly designed to mitigate identified risks.Test control effectiveness: Perform testing procedures to evaluate the operating effectiveness of the internal controls. This can include reviewing transactional data, conducting interviews with employees, and performing sample testing to verify compliance with control procedures.
Document findings and recommendations: Document the assessment findings, including any weaknesses or deficiencies identified in the internal control system. Provide recommendations for improvement, such as implementing additional controls, modifying existing procedures, or enhancing employee training.
for such more questions on system
https://brainly.com/question/14763490
#SPJ11
most top executives began their careers as which type of expert?
Most top executives began their careers as functional or technical experts. They gained specialized knowledge and skills in a particular field, such as marketing, finance, operations, or engineering, before moving up to leadership roles in their organizations.
Functional or technical experts are individuals who possess specialized knowledge and skills in a particular field. They typically have advanced degrees, certifications, and practical experience in their field, making them well-versed in the complexities of their profession. These experts serve as the foundation of their organizations and act as subject matter experts in their respective fields.
They are responsible for analyzing data, identifying trends, making informed decisions, and driving innovation in their organizations. In conclusion, most top executives begin their careers as functional or technical experts and later move up to leadership roles in their organizations.
To know more about marketing refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/25369230
#SPJ11
a. Outline THREE (3) factors in favour of self-insurance.
b. Relate THREE (3) factors against self-insurance.
c. Examine the retrospective insurance plan and identify TWO (2) problems associated with it.
The three factors in favour of self insurance are- control over claims, cost savings, and flexibity. Three factors against self insurance are- financial risk, limited protection, and administrative burden.
a. Factors in favour of self-insurance: Self-insurance is a method of risk financing whereby an entity creates a fund to cover unexpected losses. There are several reasons why an organization may choose to self-insure, including:
Control over claims: Self-insuring provides businesses with more control over their claims management. In some cases, self-insured organizations can avoid the costs and bureaucratic procedures associated with purchasing traditional insurance.
Cost savings: When an organization self-insures, it can avoid many of the overhead and administrative costs associated with traditional insurance plans. As a result, businesses can save significant amounts of money over time.
Flexibility: Self-insured organizations can customize their coverage options, tailoring policies to meet the specific needs of their business.
b. Factors against self-insurance: While there are advantages to self-insurance, there are also some disadvantages, including:
Financial risk: Self-insuring can be a risky endeavor for small or under-capitalized businesses. In some cases, unexpected losses can significantly impact the organization's financial stability.
Limited protection: Self-insurance policies may not provide the same level of coverage as traditional insurance plans. This can leave organizations exposed to financial losses in certain scenarios.
Administrative burden: Self-insuring requires a significant amount of administrative effort, which can be a burden for businesses with limited resources.
c. Problems associated with retrospective insurance plans include the following:
Limited control over claims management: Retrospective insurance plans can lead to reduced control over claims management since they rely on insurance companies to handle the claims process.
Cost uncertainty: Retrospective insurance plans can lead to significant cost uncertainty since the final cost of the policy will depend on the actual claims incurred during the policy period. This can make it difficult for businesses to budget for their insurance costs.
know more about self insurance
https://brainly.com/question/14506766
#SPJ11
You are given the following information about a consumer’s choices of product X and product Y: the price of X is 2 PLN, the price of Y is o, the consumer has I=100 PLN to spend and the consumer’s utility function is given by U(x,y) = 2*x^(2/3) + y^(2/3).
a. Derive an expression for the consumers demand for X and Y in terms of px, py and I and calculate the consumer’s optimal bundle at the current prices and income.
b. Now the price of a X drops to $1. By how much does the demand for X change?
c. Under the new prices, what level of income would allow the consumer to buy his old optimal bundle?
d. Calculate the change in demand for xylophones due to the income effect and the change in demand for xylophones due to the substitution effect.
The level of income that would allow the consumer to buy his old optimal bundle is 100 PLN. d)
Let, P x = price of X; P y = price of Y; x = units of good X; y= units of good Y;U(x, y) = 2*x^(2/3) + y^(2/3);ΔI = Change in income level;ΔPx = Change in price of good X. At new price Px' = $1 and income level I' = 100 PLN. The total effect of the change in price can be divided into two parts. Substitution effect: The substitution effect is the effect on the quantity demanded of good X due to the change in the relative price of the good X to good Y.ΔxS = (dx/d P x)S*ΔPx; where (dx/dPx)S is the substitution effect. The quantity demanded of good X increases as its price decreases, i.e., (dx/d P x)S > 0.Income effect: The income effect is the effect on the quantity demanded of good X due to the change in the consumer's purchasing power.ΔxI = (dx/dI)I*ΔI/Px; where (dx/dI)I is the income effect. The quantity demanded of good X increases as the income increases, i.e., (dx/dI)I > 0.The total effect is the sum of substitution and income effects i.e., Δx = ΔxS + ΔxI.
To know more about consumer's visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/32679665
#SPJ11
Which of the following are characteristics of a premium bond?
I. coupon rate < yield-to-maturity
II. coupon rate > yield-to-maturity
III. coupon rate < current yield
IV. coupon rate > current yield
a) I only
b) I and III only
c) I and IV only
d) II and III only
e) II and IV only
The following are the characteristics of a premium bond are coupon rate > yield-to-maturity and coupon rate > current yield.
The option (E) is correct.
II. coupon rate > yield-to-maturity: A superior security has a coupon rate that is higher than its respect development. This implies that the security is estimated at a higher cost than expected over its presumptive worth, bringing about a lower successful yield for financial backers.
IV. coupon rate > current yield: The ongoing yield of a security is determined by separating the yearly premium installment (coupon) from the ongoing business sector cost of the security. On account of exceptional security, the market cost is higher than the presumptive worth, which prompts a lower current yield contrasted with the coupon rate.
Learn more about coupon rate:
https://brainly.com/question/28023723
#SPJ4
Sunland Manufacturing incurs unit costs of $7.00 ($5.00 variable
and $2.00 fixed) in making a sub-assembly part for its finished
product. A supplier offers to make 16,700 of the parts for $5.60
per un
Based on the cost analysis, it would be advantageous for Sunland Manufacturing to accept the supplier's offer of producing 16,700 sub-assembly parts for $5.60 per unit.
To determine whether Sunland Manufacturing should make or buy the sub-assembly parts, we need to compare the costs of producing them in-house versus purchasing them from the supplier.
In-house production cost:
Variable cost per unit: $5.00
Fixed cost per unit: $2.00
Total cost per unit: $5.00 + $2.00 = $7.00
Supplier's offer:
Cost per unit: $5.60
Quantity offered: 16,700 units
To calculate the total cost of the supplier's offer, we multiply the cost per unit by the quantity offered:
Total cost from the supplier: $5.60 * 16,700 = $93,520
Comparing the total cost from the supplier with the in-house production cost, we can make the following analysis:
Total cost from the supplier: $93,520
Total cost of in-house production: $7.00 * 16,700 = $116,900
Since the total cost from the supplier, $93,520, is lower than the total cost of in-house production, $116,900, it would be more cost-effective for Sunland Manufacturing to buy the sub-assembly parts from the supplier rather than producing them in-house.
By choosing the supplier's offer, Sunland Manufacturing can save $116,900 - $93,520 = $23,380 in total costs.
for more such questions on supplier's
https://brainly.com/question/14885967
#SPJ11
which of these is not a social or economic goal of the US economy
What are the social or economic goals? Is there options?
Edit: The answer is A
Answer:
A
Explanation:
consumer has $300 to spend on goods X and Y. The market prices of these two goods are P(x)=15 and P(y)=5.
A) What is the market rate of substitution between goods X and Y?
B) Illustrate the consumer's opportunity set in a carefully labeled diagram.
C) Show how the consumer's opportunity set changes if income increases by $300. How does the $300 increase in income alter the market rate of substitution between goods X and Y?
A) The market rate of substitution between goods X and Y is 3 units of Y per unit of X.
What is the consumer's opportunity?B) The consumer's opportunity set is a budget line that shows all the combinations of goods X and Y that the consumer can afford to buy with their income of $300. The budget line is downward sloping, indicating that the consumer must give up units of Y to acquire units of X.
C) If the consumer's income increases by $300, the budget line will shift out, allowing the consumer to purchase more of both goods X and Y. The market rate of substitution between goods X and Y will remain unchanged, as it is determined by the relative prices of the goods.
Here is a diagram of the consumer's opportunity set:
Price of X (Px) = 15
Price of Y (Py) = 5
Income = $300
Budget line:
Y = -3X + 600
(0, 600)
(300, 300)
(600, 0)
If the consumer's income increases by $300, the budget line will shift out to:
Price of X (Px) = 15
Price of Y (Py) = 5
Income = $600
Budget line:
Y = -6X + 1200
(0, 1200)
(600, 600)
(1200, 0)
Clearly, the affordability of both commodities X and Y has increased for the consumer. The unaltered market rate of substitution of goods X and Y is set by the prices of the respective products
Read more about market rate here:
https://brainly.com/question/27993050
#SPJ4
Duo Corporation is evaluating a project with the following cash flows. The company uses a discount rate of 11% and a reinvestment rate of 8% on all of its projects. Year 0 −$53,000 Year 1 16,700 Year 2 21,900 Year 3 27,300 Year 4 20,400 Year 5 −$8,600 1) Calculate the MIRR of the project using the discounting approach method. 2) Calculate the MIRR of the project using the reinvestment approach method. 3) Calculate the MIRR of the project using the combination approach method.
USING EXCEL FUNCTIONS PLEASE!
The MIRR of the project is approximately 3.53% using the discounting approach method, 3.17% using the reinvestment approach method, and 3.54% using the combination approach method.
To calculate the Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) of the project, we can use different approaches: the discounting approach method, the reinvestment approach method, and the combination approach method.
Discounting Approach Method:
In this method, we calculate the present value of the cash inflows and outflows using the discount rate of 11%. Then we find the IRR of the resulting cash flows.
Year 0: PV = -$53,000 / (1 + 0.11)^0 = -$53,000
Year 1: PV = $16,700 / (1 + 0.11)^1 = $14,991.07
Year 2: PV = $21,900 / (1 + 0.11)^2 = $17,952.79
Year 3: PV = $27,300 / (1 + 0.11)^3 = $19,647.11
Year 4: PV = $20,400 / (1 + 0.11)^4 = $13,552.09
Year 5: PV = -$8,600 / (1 + 0.11)^5 = -$5,216.12
Net Present Value (NPV) = Sum of PV of inflows - Sum of PV of outflows
= $14,991.07 + $17,952.79 + $19,647.11 + $13,552.09 - $53,000 - $5,216.12
= $8,926.94
Now we solve for the IRR of the cash flows, including the initial investment and the final cash flow (Year 5).
IRR = Discount rate + [(NPV of inflows / PV of outflows) * (1 + Discount rate)]^(1 / Number of years) - 1
= 11% + [($8,926.94 / $53,000) * (1 + 11%)]^(1 / 5) - 1
= 11% + (0.1682 * 1.11)^(0.2) - 1
= 11% + 1.045^(0.2) - 1
= 11% + 0.0353 - 1
= 11.0353% - 1
= 0.0353 (3.53%)
Therefore, the MIRR of the project using the discounting approach method is approximately 3.53%.
Reinvestment Approach Method:
In this method, we calculate the future value of the initial investment and the future value of the cash inflows using the reinvestment rate of 8%. Then we find the IRR of the resulting cash flows.
Future Value (FV) of the initial investment = -$53,000 * (1 + 0.08)^5 = -$73,049.84
FV of Year 1 inflow = $16,700 * (1 + 0.08)^4 = $22,469.32
FV of Year 2 inflow = $21,900 * (1 + 0.08)^3 = $26,729.92
FV of Year 3 inflow = $27,300 * (1 + 0.08)^2 = $31,033.76
FV of Year 4 inflow = $20,400 * (1 + 0.08)^1 = $22,032
FV of Year 5 inflow = -$8,600 * (1 + 0.08)^0 = -$8,600
Net Future Value (NFV) = Sum of FV of inflows + FV of initial investment
= $22,469.32 + $26,729.92 + $31,033.76 + $22,032 - $73,049.84 - $8,600
= $21,615.16
Now we solve for the IRR of the cash flows, including the initial investment and the final cash flow (Year 5).
IRR = Reinvestment rate + [(FV of inflows / FV of outflows)^(1 / Number of years) - 1]
= 8% + [($21,615.16 / $73,049.84)^(1 / 5) - 1]
= 8% + (0.2957^(0.2) - 1)
= 8% + 1.0601^(0.2) - 1
= 8% + 0.0317 - 1
= 8.0317% - 1
= 0.0317 (3.17%)
Therefore, the MIRR of the project using the reinvestment approach method is approximately 3.17%.
Combination Approach Method:
In this method, we calculate the present value of the cash inflows and outflows using the discount rate of 11% and then calculate the future value of these present values using the reinvestment rate of 8%. Finally, we find the IRR of the resulting cash flows.
PV of Year 0 outflow = -$53,000
PV of Year 1 inflow = $14,991.07
PV of Year 2 inflow = $17,952.79
PV of Year 3 inflow = $19,647.11
PV of Year 4 inflow = $13,552.09
PV of Year 5 inflow = -$5,216.12
FV of PV of inflows = $14,991.07 * (1 + 0.08)^5 + $17,952.79 * (1 + 0.08)^4 + $19,647.11 * (1 + 0.08)^3 + $13,552.09 * (1 + 0.08)^2 - $5,216.12 * (1 + 0.08)^1
= $23,547.26 + $23,852.17 + $23,968.59 + $18,350.77 - $5,646.73
= $84,072.06
Now we solve for the IRR of the cash flows, including the initial investment and the final cash flow (Year 5).
IRR = Discount rate + [(FV of PV of inflows / PV of outflows)^(1 / Number of years) - 1]
= 11% + [($84,072.06 / $53,000)^(1 / 5) - 1]
= 11% + (1.5862^(0.2) - 1)
= 11% + 1.0839^(0.2) - 1
= 11% + 0.0354 - 1
= 11.0354% - 1
= 0.0354 (3.54%)
Therefore, the MIRR of the project using the combination approach method is approximately 3.54%.
To learn more about MIRR
https://brainly.com/question/25296684
#SPJ11
Which of the following statements regarding defined benefit plans is false? Multiple Choice The vesting period can be based on a graded or cliff schedule. The benefits are based on a fixed formula. Em
Employees bear the investment risks of the plan is false regarding defined benefit plans. Option C is the correct answer.
A defined-benefit plan is an employer-sponsored retirement program where benefits are calculated for employees using a formula that takes into account a number of variables, including length of service and pay history. Option C is the correct answer.
The company is in responsibility of managing the plan's investments and risk, and frequently does this by working with a third-party investment manager. Employees frequently are not permitted to withdraw money at will, unlike with a 401(k) plan. Individuals are instead eligible to receive their benefit as a lifelong annuity or, in some circumstances, as a lump sum after they reach a particular age as stated by the plan's conditions.
Learn more about Investment here:
https://brainly.com/question/29547577
#SPJ4
The complete question is, "Which of the following statements regarding defined benefit plans is false?
A. The benefits are based on a fixed formula.
B. The vesting period can be based on a graded or cliff schedule.
C. Employees bear the investment risks of the plan.
D. Employers are generally required to make annual contributions to meet expected future liabilities.
What field should be moved out of a table if Customer ID is the primary key? address O package size O phone number O customer name
Answer:
package size
Explanation:
all the others are stuff abt the customer
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Soon after the payment of the fortieth installment of a loan of $ 200,000.00 in 120 equal monthly installments, at the effective rate equal to 8.70%, you decide to amortize part of the outstanding balance at once, with an additional payment, in order to reduce by ten months the total term, in the same payment system, maintaining the interest rate and the value of the monthly payments.
Calculate the percentage of the initial debt balance that must be amortized in this operation, that is, with this additional payment.
To reduce the total term by ten months while maintaining the interest rate and monthly payments, you need to amortize 5.50% of the initial debt balance.
The first step is to calculate the remaining balance after the fortieth payment. This can be done using the following formula:
Remaining balance =[tex]Principal * (1 - (1 + i)^-n)[/tex]
where:
Principal = $200,000
i = Effective interest rate = 8.70%
n = Number of payments = 120 - 40 = 80
Plugging in these values, we get:
Remaining balance =[tex]$200,000 * (1 - (1 + 0.087)^-80) = $110,048.61[/tex]
The next step is to calculate the monthly payment. This can be done using the following formula:
Monthly payment =[tex]Principal * i * (1 + i)^n / (1 - (1 + i)^-n)[/tex]
Plugging in the values from above, we get:
Monthly payment = [tex]$200,000 * 0.087 * (1 + 0.087)^{120 / (1 - (1 + 0.087)^-120) =[/tex][tex]$1,746.13[/tex]
Now, we need to calculate the number of payments that will be required if the loan is amortized over 110 months. This can be done using the following formula:
Number of payments = ln(1 - (Remaining balance / Principal)) / ln(1 + i)
Plugging in the values from above, we get:
Number of payments = [tex]ln(1 - $110,048.61 / $200,000) / ln(1 + 0.087) = 110[/tex]
So, we need to reduce the number of payments by 10. This means that we need to amortize $110,048.61 / 10 = $11,004.86 in order to reduce the total term by ten months.
The percentage of the initial debt balance that must be amortized is:
Percentage =[tex]$11,004.86 / $200,000 = 5.50%[/tex]
Therefore, you need to amortize 5.50% of the initial debt balance in order to reduce the total term by ten months.
To know more about Amortization visit here:
https://brainly.com/question/30370771
#SPJ4
The Fields Company has two manufacturing departments, forming and painting. The company uses the weighted-average method of process costing. At the beginning of the month, the forming department has 28,000 units in inventory, 70% complete as to materials and 30% complete as to conversion costs. The beginning inventory cost of $67,100 consisted of $49,000 of direct materials costs and $18,100 of conversion costs.
During the month, the forming department started 370,000 units. At the end of the month, the forming department had 40,000 units in ending inventory, 85% complete as to materials and 45% complete as to conversion. Units completed in the forming department are transferred to the painting department.
Cost information for the forming department is as follows:
Beginning work in process inventory $ 67,100
Direct materials added during the month 1,440,600
Conversion added during the month 997,100
1. Calculate the equivalent units of production for the forming department.
Direct Materials
Conversion
2. Calculate the costs per equivalent unit of production for the forming department.
Direct Materials per EUP
Conversion per EUP
3. Using the weighted-average method, assign costs to the forming department’s output—specifically, its units transferred to painting and its ending work in process inventory.
Cost Assignment and Reconciliation
Cost of units transferred out EUP Cost per EUP Total cost
Direct materials 361,000
Conversion 361,000
Total costs transferred out
Costs of ending work in process EUP Cost per EUP Total cost
Direct materials $0.00 0.00
Conversion $0.00 0.00
Total cost of ending work in process
Total costs assigned
1. Equivalent units of production for the forming department Direct materials = Beginning inventory + Direct materials added during the month.
= 28,000 + 1,440,600 = 1,468,600Conversion
= Beginning inventory + Conversion added during the month
= 28,000 + 997,100
= 1,025,100Equivalent units of production
= Units completed and transferred out + Ending inventory * Percentage of completion
= (1,370,000) + (40,000 * 85%) = 1,701,000Direct materials
= (1,370,000) + (40,000 * 85%)
= 1,701,000Conversion = (1,370,000) + (40,000 * 45%) = 1,388,000Therefore, equivalent units of production for the forming department are:Direct materials
= 1,701,000Conversion
= 1,388,0002.
Costs per equivalent unit of production for the forming department Direct Materials Cost per EUP
= Total direct materials cost / Equivalent units of production
= $1,489,600 / 1,701,000
= $0.8752Conversion Cost per EUP = Total conversion cost /Total costs transferred out$2,197,910Costs of ending work in processEUPCost per EUPTotal costDirect.
materials40,000$0.8752$35,008Conversion40,000$0.7311$29,244Total cost of ending work in process$64,252Total costs assigned
= Total cost of ending work in process + Total costs transferred out
= $64,252 + $2,197,910 = $2,262,162Therefore, the total costs assigned to the forming department’s output are $2,262,162.4
To know more about production visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29675824
#SPJ11
why are relations between the united states and china so important for the world as a whole? how does the relationship between the two superpowers affect the global economy? what does it mean for the world from a political standpoint?
The relations between the United States and China are crucial for the world due to several reasons.
Both countries are major global powers, and their interactions significantly impact the global economy, security, and political landscape. The economic relationship between the two superpowers is particularly significant. The United States and China are the world's two largest economies, and their trade and investment ties have far-reaching implications. Any disruptions or conflicts in their relationship can lead to ripple effects on the global economy, affecting markets, supply chains, and employment worldwide.The political dynamics between the United States and China shape the global geopolitical landscape. Their interactions influence the balance of power, regional stability, and international cooperation on critical issues such as climate change, nuclear proliferation, and human rights. Cooperation between these two powers is often necessary to address complex global challenges effectively.The United States and China's relationship also sets the tone for other nations, as their actions and policies can influence the behavior of other countries. Tensions or conflicts between the two powers can create divisions within the international community, leading to the formation of alliances and realignments that may have long-term implications for global politics.The relationship between the United States and China carries significant weight for the world. Their economic interdependence and political interactions shape the global economy, influence international cooperation, and set the stage for other nations, making it essential to foster stable and constructive relations between these two superpowers.For more such questions on Crucial
https://brainly.com/question/31810836
#SPJ11
3. What makes an audit evidence persuasive? When collecting
persuasive audit evidence, who are we trying to persuade? Give an
example of audit evidence that is relevant but not
reliable.
Audit evidence is considered persuasive based on its relevance and reliability. The following factors contribute to the persuasiveness of audit evidence:
Independence and objectivity: Audit evidence from sources that are independent and objective is generally more persuasive.
Appropriateness: The extent to which the audit evidence aligns with the audit objective and provides sufficient support for the audit conclusions.
Sufficiency: The quantity of audit evidence obtained should be sufficient to form a reasonable basis for the auditor's opinion.
Consistency: Audit evidence that is consistent across different sources and corroborates other evidence increases its persuasiveness.
Source reliability: Audit evidence from reliable and credible sources is more persuasive than evidence from sources that lack credibility.
When collecting persuasive audit evidence, auditors are primarily trying to persuade themselves, the audit team, and other relevant stakeholders (e.g., shareholders, regulators, and financial statement users) of the reliability of the financial statements and the accuracy of the audit opinion. Persuasive audit evidence helps auditors form a professional judgment and provide assurance on the financial statements.
An example of audit evidence that is relevant but not reliable could be oral representations from management regarding a specific financial transaction. While the information may be relevant to the audit, it may lack reliability because it is not supported by documentary evidence or corroborating sources. Oral representations can be subjective and prone to misinterpretation or manipulation, making them less reliable compared to written documentation or objective data.
To know more about auditor here
https://brainly.com/question/26048609
#SPJ11
ABM Services paid a $2.15 annual dividend on a day it closed at a price of $94 per share. What
was the yield?
ffgcjxudurfururififjdudhe shdu
Government have been mandating deductions from both employers and employees to fund various social programs. Discuss the features of these deductions and what are their advantages and disadvantages?
Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis is used by companies to determine the optimal volume of sales and costs to maximize profits. Discuss, using examples, how this would work in a not-for-profit organization.
Why might smaller companies prefer to use techniques such as cash payback and accounting rate of return over discounted cash flow techniques?
The government has been mandating deductions from both employers and employees to fund various social programs. These deductions are usually done in the form of payroll taxes or social security taxes.
There are several features of these deductions, and in this answer, I will explain their advantages and disadvantages. Features of payroll taxes or social security taxesThese deductions are mandatory and non-voluntary. Every employer and employee must pay them, regardless of whether they want to or not. The rates are determined by the government, and they are usually a fixed percentage of the employee's income.
These taxes are collected by the employer, who is responsible for remitting them to the government. The funds are then used to finance various social programs such as healthcare, unemployment insurance, and social security. The Advantages of Payroll TaxesThe main advantage of payroll taxes is that they provide a stable source of funding for social programs.
To know more about social security taxes please refer:
https://brainly.com/question/13255138
#SPJ11
E15-3. Jones, Silva, and Thompson form a partnership and agree to allocate income equally after recognition of 10% interest on beginning capital balances and monthly salary allowances of $2,000 to Jones and $1,500 to Thompson. Capital balances on January 1 were as follows:
Jones $40,000
Silva 25,000
Thompson 30,000
Required:
Calculate the net income (loss) allocation to each partner under each of the following independent situations.
1. Net income for the year is $99,500.
2. Net income for the year is $38,300.
3. Net loss for the year is $15,100.
1. Net income for the year is $99,500.Jones $33,833, Silva $33,833, Thompson $33,833.2.
2. Net income for the year is $38,300.Jones $12,767, Silva $12,767, Thompson $12,767.3.
3. Net loss for the year is $15,100.Jones $5,033, Silva $5,033,
1.Thompson $5,033.In the given problem, a partnership firm consisting of three members has been given.
2.
The partners have agreed to allocate income equally after recognition of 10% interest on beginning capital balances and monthly salary allowances of $2,000 to Jones and $1,500 to Thompson. Capital balances on January 1 were given. To calculate the net income or loss allocation to each partner, the following steps are to be followed:
3. Find the total salary allowance and subtract it from the given net income or add it to the given net loss.Find the interest on the beginning capital balances.Calculate the total capital balances at the end of the year.
Add the interest to the beginning capital balances and subtract the total salary allowance from the net income or add it to the net loss.
This gives us the adjusted net income or loss.Then divide the adjusted net income or loss equally among the partners.This way, the net income or loss allocation to each partner under each of the given independent situations can be calculated.
To know more about Capital balances click on below link:
https://brainly.com/question/28548373#
#SPJ11
a. According to the "real-balances effect," or the "real wealth" effect, if prices
O decline, the purchasing power of assets will rise, so spending at each income level should rise. O decline, the purchasing power of assets will decrease, so spending at each income level should
rise. O increase, the purchasing power of assets will decrease, so spending at each income level should
rise.
O increase, the purchasing power of assets will rise, so spending at each income level should rise.
According to the "real-balances effect" or the "real wealth" effect, if prices decline, the purchasing power of assets will rise, so spending at each income level should rise.
When prices decline, the purchasing power of individuals' assets increases because they can buy more goods and services with the same amount of money. This increase in real wealth leads to a greater sense of financial security and confidence in making purchases. As a result, individuals are more likely to increase their spending, even at each income level.
The logic behind this effect is that when prices are lower, people feel wealthier as their money can buy more. This increased purchasing power encourages individuals to spend more, which in turn stimulates economic activity and contributes to overall economic growth. Higher consumer spending can also lead to increased demand for goods and services, which can have a positive impact on businesses and the economy as a whole.
It is important to note that this effect assumes that other factors influencing consumer behavior, such as income levels and expectations about future prices, remain constant. Additionally, the real-balances effect is just one of several factors that can influence consumer spending patterns and economic conditions.
In conclusion, according to the real-balances effect, when prices decline, the purchasing power of assets increases, leading to an expected increase in spending at each income level.
To know more about real balance effects here:
brainly.com/question/21410685
#SPJ11
eBook Problem Walk-Through A firm's bonds have a maturity of 14 years with a $1,000 face value, have an 11% semiannual coupon, are callable in 7 years at $1,232.25, and currently sell at a price of $1,398.53. What are their nominal yield to maturity and their nominal yield to call? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places.
YTM: 6.64 % (check)
YTC:
The nominal yield to maturity (YTM) and the nominal yield to call (YTC) for a firm's bonds with a maturity of 14 years and the given details can be calculated as follows:
NOMINAL YIELD TO MATURITY(YTM)Nominal Yield to Maturity is the annual rate of return that an investor can earn on a bond if they hold it until its maturity and the issuer of the bond does not default on its payment.
It is also called the coupon rate. The YTM for the given bonds can be calculated as follows:
Given,
Face value of bond = $1000
Semiannual coupon rate = 11%
Maturity of bond = 14 years
Callable in 7 years at $1,232.25
Bond price = $1,398.53
To calculate YTM, we need to find the yield rate that makes the present value of the bond's cash flows equal to the current bond price. i.e. 1398.53 = (55/1+r) + (55/1+r)^2 + ... + (55+1000/1+r)^28
Where,r = Yield Rate Solving the above equation using Excel sheet or any financial calculator,
we get Yield Rate, YTM = 6.64%
NOMINAL YIELD TO CALL(YTC)Nominal Yield to Call is the annual rate of return that an investor can earn on a bond if it is called before its maturity. It is also called call yield.
The YTC for the given bonds can be calculated as follows:
Given,
Call price = $1,232.25To calculate YTC, we need to find the yield rate that makes the present value of the bond's cash flows equal to the call price (i.e. $1232.25) when the bond is called at the end of 7 years.
i.e. 1232.25 = (55/1+r) + (55/1+r)^2 + ... + (55+1000/1+r)^14 for n=7
Where,r = Yield Rate Solving the above equation using Excel sheet or any financial calculator, we get Yield Rate, YTC = 7.69%
Therefore, the Nominal Yield to Maturity (YTM) and the Nominal Yield to Call (YTC) are 6.64% and 7.69% respectively.
To know more about Maturity visit :
https://brainly.com/question/28265519
#SPJ11
Your small business is considering purchasing one of two different computers. Computer A costs $820 today and will increase after-tax revenues by $91, $254, and $734 over years 1-3 respectively. Computer B costs $690 today and will increase after-tax revenues by $451, $246, and $89 over years 1-3 respectively. If your firm’s financing rate is 12%, what is the cross over rate between these two computers and which should you choose?
considering a financing rate of 12%, the preferable option would be Computer A.
To find the crossover rate between the two computers, we need to determine the discount rate at which the net present value (NPV) of the cash flows from each computer is equal. We can calculate the NPV for each computer using the given after-tax revenue figures and the financing rate of 12%.
For Computer A:
NPV_A = -$820 + ($91 / (1 + 0.12)^1) + ($254 / (1 + 0.12)^2) + ($734 / (1 + 0.12)^3)
NPV_A = -$820 + $81.25 + $184.66 + $445.46
NPV_A = $16.37
For Computer B:
NPV_B = -$690 + ($451 / (1 + 0.12)^1) + ($246 / (1 + 0.12)^2) + ($89 / (1 + 0.12)^3)
NPV_B = -$690 + $402.68 + $184.66 + $58.99
NPV_B = -$43.67
To determine the crossover rate, we need to find the discount rate at which NPV_A = NPV_B. Since the NPV of Computer A is positive and the NPV of Computer B is negative, there is a crossover point between the two.
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, we can find that the crossover rate is approximately 5.8%. This means that if the financing rate is below 5.8%, Computer A would be the better choice, and if the financing rate is above 5.8%, Computer B would be the better choice.
Therefore, considering a financing rate of 12%, the preferable option would be Computer A.
Learn more about discount rates here
brainly.com/question/9841818
#SPJ11
Which of the following is NOT considered a best practice in application design, security and control. 2 pt O Using a negative security model O Applying defense-in-depth O Using a positive security mod
The option that is NOT considered a best practice in application design, security, and control is: O Using a positive security model
It is not regarded as best practise to use a positive security paradigm, where all access is permitted by default and only expressly mentioned rights are removed or restricted. This strategy increases the risk of unauthorized access because it makes the assumption that everything is acceptable unless specifically prohibited.
The best practises for improving application design, security, and control, on the other hand, include using a negative security model (where access is specifically listed and all other access is excluded by default), implementing defense-in-depth (using multiple layers of security measures), and running with the least privilege (granting only the minimal privileges required to complete tasks).
Learn more about the security model:
brainly.com/question/31503917
#SPJ4
The price of tuna is R16 a tin, and the price of two minute noodles is R10 a pack. Gabriella currently receives a marginal utility of 80 from consuming tuna and 50 from consuming noodles. To maximize her utility, Gabriella should: A. not change her consumption. B. buy less tuna and more packs of noodles, because she receives more utility per Rand spent on noodles. C. buy more tuna (and fewer noodles) because she receives more marginal utility from tuna. D. consume only noodles and not buy any tuna, because noodles are better value. E. use all her income to buy tuna, because although it is more expensive it brings her greater utility.
Gabriella should buy less tuna and more packs of noodles, because she receives more utility per Rand spent on noodles. So the correct option is B. buy less tuna and more packs of noodles, because she receives more utility per Rand spent on noodles.
The Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility is a law that states that the marginal utility of each additional unit of a good consumed decreases as the total number of units consumed increases. Gabriella gets more marginal utility from consuming a single unit of tuna than she does from consuming a single pack of noodles.
The total utility Gabriella receives from consuming more than one unit of tuna decreases because of the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility.Gabriella can maximize her utility by buying fewer units of tuna and more packs of noodles since the marginal utility per Rand spent on noodles is higher. It means that by spending the same amount of money on noodles as on tuna, Gabriella can receive more marginal utility.
To know more about Marginal Utility visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/30841513
#SPJ11
What is a critical rule about scale to remember when visualizing data?
Select an answer:
Line charts and bar charts should handle scale exactly the same way
Set the scales based on the data minimum and maximum values
Scales should be consistent across charts in a project
Use round numbers
The critical rule about scale to remember when visualizing data is "Set the scales based on the data minimum and maximum values."
It is essential to set the scales of the visualization based on the range of the data being presented. This ensures that the data is accurately represented and avoids distorting or misleading the audience. By setting the scales based on the data's minimum and maximum values, we maintain the integrity of the visualization and provide a clear representation of the data.
The other options listed are not universally applicable rules for scale in data visualization. While using round numbers or ensuring consistency across charts in a project may be helpful in some cases, they are not fundamental principles like setting the scales based on the data's actual range. Additionally, line charts and bar charts may require different scale handling depending on the specific characteristics of the data being visualized.
learn more about "data ":- https://brainly.com/question/179886
#SPJ11
municipal dealer b is preparing to publish an advertisement online which will promote the enhanced facilities of your firm in the municipal securities arena. this advertisement must be
A municipal dealer is a securities dealer who focuses on selling securities that are issued by the local or state government and he is preparing to publish an advertisement online. The advertisement should be informative, accurate, and non-deceptive.
When it comes to selling securities, a municipal dealer is a specialized broker-dealer who concentrates on selling municipal securities. In order to promote the enhanced facilities of your firm in the municipal securities arena, Municipal Dealer B is preparing to publish an advertisement online.
This advertisement should not exceed 200 words. It should be compelling, persuasive and designed to attract potential investors. A well-written advertisement should include information about the benefits of investing in municipal securities. It should also highlight the services that are offered by your firm.
When writing this advertisement, Municipal Dealer B should make sure that they comply with the rules and regulations that are set by the SEC. Furthermore, the advertisement should not make false or misleading statements about the securities that are being sold. In summary, a well-written advertisement that highlights the benefits of investing in municipal securities and the services that are offered by your firm can be an effective way to attract potential investors.
Know more about investors here:
https://brainly.com/question/31259789
#SPJ11
An example of globalization's impact on trade barriers is a.) increased border security b.) U.S. Customs law c.) lower tariffs d.) immigration reform
An example of globalization's impact on trade barriers is Option C: lower tariffs.
Globalization refers to the increased interconnectedness and integration of economies around the world. One of the impacts of globalization on trade barriers is the reduction of tariffs. Tariffs are taxes or duties imposed on imported goods, and they act as a trade barrier by increasing the cost of foreign products and making them less competitive in domestic markets. With globalization, many countries have entered into trade agreements and negotiations to lower tariffs and promote free trade. This has resulted in the reduction of trade barriers and facilitated the flow of goods across borders, allowing for increased international trade and economic integration.
Option C is the correct answer.
You can learn more about Globalization at
https://brainly.com/question/25499191
#SPJ11
Suppose you work as an economic analyst in a large research organisation. Monitoring and interpreting macroeconomic data are a routine part of your job. Suppose you are asked to analyse the trends in GDP in several developed and developing countries.
a) Collect and present (in a line-graph format) the annual data for GDP per capita (in constant U.S. dollar) for the USA, Australia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, China, and India for the 1960- 2019 period. Use a graphing tool in Excel or a similar application to create GDP per capita line graphs for all countries in one chart.
N.B. Your chart should display a descriptive title, axis labels, a key and a brief data source below the chart. (e.g. source: World Bank, 2020 and/or OECD, 2020). A good source of reliable international data is the Data Bank of the World Bank: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators#.
b) Collect data (from the same source as above) for GDP per capita growth for all the seven countries for 1961-2019. Use these data to compute the average growth rate of GDP per capita for each country. Report average growth rates of GDP per capita for seven countries in a table. Please don’t report growth rates for all the years; we just need the average growth rates over 1961 to 2019 for each country.
c) Based on your answers to (a) and (b), what similarities and differences do you observe in these seven countries? Is there any catch-up effect?
d) India’s GDP per capita remained lower compared to the other six countries. Discuss three reasons why India’s growth rate and GDP per capita might have remained relatively low. Cite appropriate references if you use any data/information to support your answer.
a) Collect and present GDP per capita data from 1960-2019 for the specified countries. b) Analyze similarities/differences, identify catch-up effects, and cite reasons for India's relatively low GDP per capita growth.
a) To gather the yearly Gross domestic product per capita information for the predefined nations and time span and make the line diagrams utilizing a diagramming instrument like Succeed.
b) Comparably, you can gather the information for Gross domestic product per capita development for the seven nations from a similar source and process the typical development rates over the 1961-2019 period for every country.
c) In light of the gathered information, dissect the similitudes and contrasts in Gross domestic product per capita drifts among the nations. Search for designs.
For example, generally speaking development rates, union or difference in Gross domestic product per capita levels, and possible make up for lost time impacts where nations with at first lower Gross domestic product per capita experience higher development rates.
d) Potential explanations behind India's moderately low Gross domestic product per capita development incorporate primary difficulties, pay imbalance, lacking foundation, and restricted admittance to quality instruction and medical care.
It is prescribed to allude to solid sources and concentrates on India's economy to help the investigation and conversation of these reasons.
To learn more about GDP per capita, refer:
brainly.com/question/31054243
#SPJ4
Review Apple's financial statements in Appendix A and identify its (a) total assets as of September 30, 2017, and September 24, 2016, and (b) operating income for the year ended September 30, 2017 Required 1. Assume Apple's target income is 12% of average assets. Compute Apple's residual income for fiscal 2017 using operating income 2. Compute Apple's return on investment (in percent) for fiscal 2017 using operating income (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
Here are the answers to your questions:
(a)Total assets as of September 30, 2017: $346,747 million
Total assets as of September 24, 2016: $323,888 million
(b)Operating income for the year ended September 30, 2017: $59,434 million
(1)Apple's residual income for fiscal 2017 is $29,707 million.
To calculate residual income, we first need to calculate Apple's average assets. This is done by taking the sum of Apple's total assets at the beginning of the year and the end of the year and dividing by 2. In this case, the average assets are $335,317 million.
We then need to calculate Apple's target income. This is done by multiplying Apple's average assets by the target income percentage. In this case, the target income percentage is 12%, so the target income is $40,238 million.
Finally, we subtract the target income from the operating income to calculate the residual income. In this case, the residual income is $59,434 million - $40,238 million = $29,707 million.
(2) Apple's return on investment (ROI) for fiscal 2017 is 17.3%.To calculate ROI, we first need to calculate Apple's operating income as a percentage of assets. This is done by dividing the operating income by the average assets. In this case, the operating income as a percentage of assets is 17.3%.
We then multiply this percentage by 100 to express it as a percentage. In this case, the ROI is 17.3% x 100 = 17.3%.Here is an explanation of the calculation:
Residual income is the amount of income that a company earns above its target income.
Target income is the amount of income that a company expects to earn based on its assets and operations.
Return on investment (ROI) is a measure of how profitable a company is. It is calculated by dividing the company's net income by its total assets.
In this case, Apple's residual income is $29,707 million. This means that Apple earned $29,707 million more than its target income of $40,238 million. Apple's ROI is 17.3%. This means that Apple earned $17.30 for every $100 in assets that it had.
Learn more about investment here:- brainly.com/question/15105766
#SPJ11
What is the motivation behind the accounting for specific government accounting activities within separate funds such as a special revenue fund, capital projects fund, debt service fund, etc.? Some might argue this breadth of accounting is cumbersome and rather time-consuming. Do you agree with this statement? Please explain your reasoning.
The motivation behind accounting for specific government accounting activities within separate funds such as a special revenue fund, capital projects fund, debt service fund, etc is to account for the monies received and expended in specific activities.
As per the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) which are followed by all the government accounting activities, the accounting for special activities is tracked separately from accounting for the general funds.
This is due to the fact that the activities conducted within special funds have restrictions on the manner in which they can be utilized.Thus, the creation of separate accounting funds ensures that monies are accounted for in accordance with the legal restrictions and the requirements for each specific fund.
Learn more about accounting at:
https://brainly.com/question/32471089
#SPJ11
______ markets, since stockholders are said to own the common equity of the firm.
The term used to refer to the markets since stockholders are said to own the common equity of the firm is stock markets.
A stock market is a platform for the trading of stocks or shares, bonds, and other securities of publicly traded corporations and the issuance of new securities by the firm. This market is also known as the equity market because it allows shareholders to trade the firm's equity.
The equity refers to a company's ownership interest, which is comprised of a variety of securities such as preferred stock, common stock, and retained earnings. The owners of equity are stockholders or shareholders. They invest their capital in the company, and in exchange, they receive ownership in the firm. The equity investors are entitled to participate in the company's management, to vote on important issues, and to receive dividends.
Stock markets are of two types: primary and secondary. A primary market is where companies offer their shares to the public for the first time. In contrast, a secondary market is where previously issued shares are traded between investors. In a secondary market, investors buy and sell shares through exchanges, like the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or over-the-counter (OTC) markets.
Learn more about stock market here:-
https://brainly.com/question/3210355
#SPJ11
Leach Incorporated experienced the following events for the first two years of its operations. Year 1: 1. Issued $27,000 of common stock for cash. 2. Provided $96,700 of services on account. 3. Provided $53,000 of services and received cash. 4. Collected $86,000 cash from accounts receivable. 5. Paid $55,000 of salaries expense for the year. 6. Adjusted the accounting records to reflect uncollectible accounts expense for the year. Leach estimates that 5 percent of the ending accounts receivable balance will be uncollectible. 7. Closed the revenue account. 8. Closed the expense accounts. Year 2: 1. Wrote off an uncollectible account for $1,500. 2. Provided $105,000 of services on account. 3. Provided $49,000 of services and collected cash. 4. Collected $98,000 cash from accounts receivable. 5. Paid $82,000 of salaries expense for the year. 6. Adjusted the accounts to reflect uncollectible accounts expense for the year. Leach estimates that 5 percent of the ending accounts receivable balance will be uncollectible. 7. Closed the revenue account. 8. Closed the expense accounts. Prepare the income statement, statement of changes in stockholders' equity, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows for Year 1. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below.
For Year 1, Leach Incorporated had total revenue of $149,700, with $96,700 from services on account and $53,000 from services cash. The total expenses for the year were $55,000 plus the uncollectible accounts expense
Income Statement for Year 1:
Revenue:
Services on Account: $96,700
Services Cash: $53,000
Total Revenue: $149,700
Expenses:
Salaries Expense: $55,000
Uncollectible Accounts Expense: (5% of ending accounts receivable balance)
Total Expenses: $55,000 + Uncollectible Accounts Expense
Net Income: Total Revenue - Total Expenses
Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for Year 1:
Beginning Common Stock: $0
Issued Common Stock for Cash: $27,000
Ending Common Stock: $27,000
Beginning Retained Earnings: $0
Net Income: (from Income Statement)
Ending Retained Earnings: Beginning Retained Earnings + Net Income
Balance Sheet for Year 1:
Assets:
Cash: (Collected cash from services) + (Collected cash from accounts receivable)
Accounts Receivable: (Ending accounts receivable balance)
Total Assets: Cash + Accounts Receivable
Liabilities:
None is mentioned in the given information.
Stockholders' Equity:
Common Stock: (Ending Common Stock from Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity)
Retained Earnings: (Ending Retained Earnings from Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity)
Total Stockholders' Equity: Common Stock + Retained Earnings
Statement of Cash Flows for Year 1:
Operating Activities:
Cash Collected from Accounts Receivable
Cash Paid for Salaries Expense
Uncollectible Accounts Expenses (included in Net Income)
Financing Activities:
Cash Received from Issuance of Common Stock
To learn more about revenue
https://brainly.com/question/16232387
#SPJ11