A reduction division and an equatorial division make up meiosis. To create gametes, meiosis I and meiosis II are necessary.
Meiosis II resembles a mitotic division, whereas meiosis I is a special cell division that only happens in germ cells. Meiosis, which decreases chromosome counts from diploid to haploid, and conjugation (fertilisation), which restores the diploid state by joining two haploid cells, are the two opposing processes that make up this. Chromosome segregation and recombination are the two processes that meiosis uses to create variety. As in mitosis, sister chromatids (the two halves of a duplicated chromosome) still need to be separated. The homologous chromosomes, which an organism acquires from both of its parents and are similar but not identical, must also be separated.
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whereas the cytoplasmic and extracellular environment is a region that is?
Whereas the cytoplasmic and extracellular environment is a region that is known to associate with the cell internally and externally respectively.
What is cytoplasmic environment of a cell?The cytoplasmic environment is the internal environment of a living cell that is being surrounded by a semi permeable membrane known as the cytoplasmic membrane.
This membrane is responsible for the inflow and outflow of dissolved material across the.
The extracellular environment of a cell is defined as the external part of the cell which is equally fluid filled.
From the definition, these two environments are constantly in close association with the cell both internally and externally.
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the binding of a growth factor to an rtk activates the pi 3-kinase–akt signaling pathway, which promotes both cell survival and cell growth. how does akt stimulate cell growth?
Akt, a serine or threonine kinase also known as PKB, is essential for controlling a variety of cellular processes, including as EC migration and survival, gene transcription, and protein synthesis important for angiogenesis.
Akt activates mTOR, which in turn regulates protein synthesis and cell growth. p70-S6 kinase-1 and 4E-binding protein 1 are phosphorylated by mTOR, which controls the synthesis of proteins important for angiogenesis. The activation of the highly conserved PI3K-PKB/Akt pathway is carefully regulated by a multistep process. Class 1A PI3Ks bound via their regulatory subunits or adaptor molecules, such as the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, are directly stimulated by activated receptors. Phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate (PIP2) lipids are converted to phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate by the catalytic domain of PI3K as a result of this (PIP3).
When PKB/Akt binds to PIP3 at the plasma membrane, PDK1 can enter the "activation loop" and phosphorylate T308 to partially activate PKB/Akt. By directly phosphorylating and inactivating tuberous sclerosis protein 2 (TSP2) and proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40), this PKB/Akt alteration is sufficient to activate mTORC1 (TSC2). By influencing a variety of downstream components involved in regulating the G1/S and G2/M transitions, growth-factor-activated Akt signaling supports progression through regular, undisturbed cell cycles.
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Do you think that humans have a responsibility to monitor how they influence the biosphere?
A student constructs a Venn Diagram to compare the organelles in plant and animal cells.
Which organelle should be listed under "Plant Only" in the diagram?
A. Centriole
B. Vacuole
C. Lysosome
D. Chrloroplast
In 3 sentences, write below what you know about proteins.
Answer:Proteins are a large complex,molecules that play critical roles in the body.You need protein in your body to repair body cells and make new ones.Also it is important in growth and development in childern and teens.
Explanation:
What supports the theory of endosymbiosis for mitochondria?
Select all that apply.
A) Mitochondria have circular DNA molecules that resemble the circular DNA found in prokaryo
B) Mitochondria use oxygen to produce more energy than anaerobic respiration.
C) Ribosomes in mitochondria are similar in structure and size to the ribosomes found in prokar
D) Mitochondria divide by binary fission, like prokaryotes.
Answer:
A:Mitochondria have circular DNA molecules that resemble the circular DNA found in prokaryo
Answer: A, C, D
Explanation:
From the table, which substance has the smallest density? Density = Mass/Volume A. Iron B. Gold C. Silver D. Aluminum
Aluminium is a substance that has the smallest density as compared to other metals.
What is density?Density is defined as the mass per unit of volume of a substance. The symbol used for density is ρ. Mathematically, density is the mass divided by volume.
Iron is a chemical element having the symbol Fe and its atomic number is 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition group of the periodic table. The density of iron is 7.874 g/cm³. Gold is an element with the symbol Au and its atomic number is 79. Gold is one of the largest atomic numbers of elements that are present naturally. The density of gold is 19.32 g/cm³. Pure silver is white in colour, lustrous, soft, ductile and malleable, it is a good conductor of heat and electricity. The density of silver is 10.49 g/cm³. It is not a chemically active metal, but when it is reacted with nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The density of aluminium is2.7 g/cm³.
So we can conclude that Aluminium has the smallest density as compared to Iron, Gold and Silver.
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Select the type of inheritance pattern that is best described below:
If a red shorthorn cow is mated with a white bull, all their offspring are roan, a phenotype that has a mixture of red and white hairs.
a. Polygenic Inheritance
b. Multiple Alleles
c. Codominance
d. Incomplete Dominance
e. Pleiotropy
The type of inheritance pattern that is best described by the illustration is incomplete dominance.
What is Incomplete Dominance?In genetics, incomplete dominance is a situation where one of the alleles that make up a gene exerts a kind of partial dominance on the other allele.
Thus, instead of the phenotypic expression of the gene being that of the dominant allele in heterozygous conditions, a new phenotype that is a mix of the two alleles results.
For example, if A conditions red and is dominant over a which conditions white, an Aa genotype will be red in appearance in a simple dominant/recessive case. In an incompletely dominant situation, a phenotype consisting of a red and white mixture will be formed.
Thus, if a red shorthorn cow mates with a white bull to produce a roan color offspring, the inheritance pattern is incomplete dominance.
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What structural aspect of the dna facilitates dissociation of the two dna strands for replication?.
The structural aspect of the DNA facilitates the dissociation of the two DNA strands for replication Base pairs are connected via hydrogen bonds.
Bases and hydrogen bonds combine to produce the double helix structure of DNA. While C and G are joined by three hydrogen bonds, A and T are bound together by just two. Multiple hydrogen strands and the DNA helical structure work together to maintain the structure even though hydrogen bonds are noncovalent, weak connections.
Since hydrogen bonds are noncovalent and weak, enzyme activity during the development of the replication fork when DNA replication occurs can easily break them. In order to serve as the parent strand on which the new daughter DNA strands are created, two DNA strands must be separated throughout this process.
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Which two sentences describe how a team of engineers would be likely to use a physical model during the engineering design process?
Answer:
B and C
Explanation:
Answer:
b and c i needed my weekly answered questions but the answer before mine was 100% correct it helped me a lot
Explanation:
Identify each process as a carbon source or a carbon sink. photosynthesis combustion respiration fossilization ocean absorption
Carbon source are Combustion, Respiration.
Carbon sink are Photosynthesis, Ocean absorption and Fossilization.
A carbon sink absorbs carbon dioxide from our atmosphere whereas carbon source are natural or artificial production site of carbon.
Photosynthesis: Forests are carbon sinks that absorb more carbon than they release. They take out carbon from the atmosphere by the process of photosynthesis.
Combustion: Combustion of fossil fuels is a great source of carbon dioxide. Chemical process in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen and gives off heat and CO2 is called combustion.
Respiration: The respiratory system takes in air from the environment to the lungs and facilitates gas exchange in the lungs and cells. Eventually, it gives out CO2 in the atmosphere.
Fossilization : Formation of fossils from dead plants and animals is a carbon sink.
Ocean absorption: Phytoplankton are the reason that ocean is one of the biggest carbon sinks. These microscopic marine algae and bacteria play a important role in absorbing carbon.
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Answer:
plato/edmentum users you're welcome :)
Explanation:
Why does the temperature on the moon differ so much between night
and day?
A-Very little atmosphere
B-It Spins really fast
C-No gravity
D-Weathering and Erosion
4) What type of connective tissue is this? a) Elastic cartilage b) Areolar connective tissue c) Hyaline cartilage d) Adipose tissue I
Answer:
c Hyaline cartilage
because Hylaine cartilage have one or two nuclei
Hyaline cartilage is the type of connective tissue in this figure. So, the correct option is (C).
What are Connective tissues?Connective tissue is defined as the tissue that supports, protects and structures other tissues and organs in the body that also stores fat, helps transport nutrients and other substances between tissues and organs and helps repair damaged tissue. Connective tissue is made up of cells, fibers, and a gel-like substance.
Connective tissue can be divided into three categories:
1. Loose connective tissue,
2. Dense connective tissue,
3. Specialized connective tissue
The hyaline cartilage matrix is composed of type II collagen and chondroitin sulfate, both of which are also found in the elastic cartilage present at the sternal ends of the ribs, in the larynx, trachea and bronchi, and on the articular surfaces of bones. They contain more than one nucleus.
Thus, Hyaline cartilage is the type of connective tissue in this figure. So, the correct option is (C).
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3. Chickens have 78 chromsomes in their body cells. Compare the amount of genetic material and the number of chromosomes in a chicken skin cell in a) early interphase, b) late interphase, c) metaphase, d) anaphase, and e) after cytokinesis.
If chickens have 78 chromosomes in their body cells, then the number of chromosomes in a skin cell is 78 in early interphase (diploid), 156 in late interphase (tetraploid) 156 in metaphase (tetraploid), 156 in anaphase (tetraploid) and 78 after cytokinesis (diploid).
What is a diploid cell?A diploid cell is a cell having two complete sets of homologous chromosomes, i.e. two haploid sets of chromosomes, which occur in a somatic mitotic cell in many organisms. During the interphase, the diploid set of chromosomes is duplicated.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the cell changes the amount of DNA and set of homologous chromosomes during the cell cycle.
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thoroughbred horses are among the fastest horses in the world and are used in famous racing events such as the kentucky derby. the mass of a thoroughbred is about 500 kg. if a horse with this mass is galloping with a momentum of 8,220 kgm / s what is its speed? 3
Knowing that momentum is the product of an object's mass by its velocity (M = m*v), and having data about two of the terms, we can calculate any of these values by clearing the equation. In this case, V = 1644m/s (This is the speed).
What is the momentum?Momentum is a term used to refer to the relationship between an object's mass and its linear velocity. It refers to the motion of the object.
Hence, to calculate the momentum of an object, we need to have mass and velocity ⇒ M = mv.
We can determine an object's momentum, but also, a system's momentum. We can do it by adding all the momentums of the objects involved in the system.
In the exposed example, we have the value of momentum (8,220 kgm / s) and the object's mass (horse's mass = 500kg). So we just need to replace the terms with the provided data and clear the equation to get the speed or velocity, v.
Knowing that,
M = momentumm = massv = velocityM = m*v
8,220 kgm/s = 500 kg * v
(8,220 kg m/s) / (500 kg)= v
16.44 m/s = v
The velocity equals v = 1644m/s.
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What’s the relationship between nuclear fusion and stellar storms
(It’s not even biology I couldn’t find regular science)
The cycle that powers the Sun and any remaining stars is nuclear fusion. When two particles combine, their cores are brought near enough to one another that they merge, producing enormous amounts of energy.
Replicating this interaction on Earth has the potential to produce nearly infinite electricity with essentially zero byproducts from fossil fuels, higher levels of security, and less nuclear waste than splitting.
However, creating what is essentially a miniature star on a planet and maintaining respectable levels of control inside a reactor are not easy tasks. Massive pressures, temperatures, and magnetic fields are all necessary.
Nuclear fusion: What is it?The process of nuclear fusion produces massive amounts of energy as two light nuclear cores combine to form a single heavier one.
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scientists make , which are specific statements about what might be observed. a. hypotheses b. variables c. predictions d. models
Which diagnostic test measures the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood?.
ABG test measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood.
What is the ABG test?
The arterial blood gas analysis (ABG) examines the ratio of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood to determine the health of your lungs. Also measured is the blood's acid-base balance. Your kidneys and lungs strive to maintain a healthy acid-base balance.
The blood oxygen measurement in an ABG test indicates how efficiently your lungs transfer oxygen from the air into your blood when you breathe in. The carbon dioxide measurement indicates the efficiency with which your lungs eliminate carbon dioxide from your blood as you exhale. Carbon dioxide is an acidic byproduct your body produces.
Hence, the arterial blood gas analysis examines the ratio of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
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3. Which of the following is NOT a first division of meiosis?
A. Prophase I
B. Metaphase I
C. Anaphase I
D. Telophase II
Answer: D
Explanation:
The enzyme amylase will affect the breakdown of carbohydrates, but it will not affect the breakdown of proteins. The ability of an enzyme molecule to interact with specific molecules is most directly determined by
A) shapes of the molecules involved
B) number of molecules involved
C) sequence of bases present in ATP
D) amount of glucose present in the cell
The ability of an enzyme molecule to interact with specific molecules is most directly determined by the shapes of the molecules involved (option A).
What is an enzyme?Enzyme is a globular protein that catalyses a biological chemical reaction. Enzymes are generally known to be substrate-specific, meaning that they target specific substrate molecules.
According to this question, an enzyme called amylase will affect the breakdown of carbohydrates, but it will not affect the breakdown of proteins.
Enzymes have a component called active sites, which attach specifically to the substrate for a chemical reaction to occur. The active sites of the enzymes are built specifically to fit the shape of molecules they catalyse.
Therefore, the shape of the molecules or substrate is what determines the actions of enzymes.
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we observe variation in a population of lizards with respect to how fast individuals can run. we attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. after six generations of selective breeding of only the slowest, the mean running speed of the lizards has not changed. what is the appropriate scientific conclusion based on this work?
we observe variation in a population of lizards with respect to how fast individuals can run. we attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. after six generations of selective breeding of only the slowest, the mean running speed of the lizards has not changed.
selective breeding In order to produce kids with more desirable features, selective breeding involves pairing up parents who share specified traits. Various animals and plants have been carefully bred by humans since the beginning of time; one example is the development of more productive agricultural plants.
New plant and animal species with desired features, such as milk-producing cows, can be developed through selective breeding.
chickens that produce large eggs. wheat plants that yield a lot of grain.
The cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, and other animals that were used to generate the meat that is sold today were carefully bred. Numerous fruits and vegetables have undergone artificial selection in an effort to improve or even generate them. For example, broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage were developed by selective breeding.
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cone snails are carnivores that inject a powerful set of toxins into their prey, leading to rapid paralysis. many of these toxins are found to bind to specific ion-channel proteins. why are such molecules so toxic? how might such toxins be useful for biological studies?
a)They contain 100 distinct peptides that are classified as neurotoxins. Each cone snail peptide has the ability to connect to any ion channel.
b)The nervous system of the prey malfunctions because it inhibits action potentials and blocks ion channels. These toxin compounds are helpful for isolating and precisely blocking certain ion channels, just like tetrodotoxin.
Pepsins are created by your body. These are collections of amino acid strands, which serve as the "building blocks" of proteins. A peptide does not, however, contain as many amino acids as a protein.
Some of the peptides your body produces can be replicated in a lab. Some of them are found in used to treat everything from diabetes to multiple sclerosis. According to studies, some kinds may be good for your skin, muscles, and possibly even weight. Therefore, businesses are including them in over-the-counter food supplements and skin care items. Remember that unlike pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and dietary supplements aren't as closely regulated by the FDA. Use cautious therefore when purchasing and utilizing peptide products. A healthy skin produces the proteins collagen and elastin with the aid of collagen peptides.
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Put the following organisms into a food chain ( have arrows pointing to the organism that is going to eat the other ). Label them with the following terms: producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer tertiary consumer, and producer ( preferable if you sketch ) :
Algae | sea bass (large fish ) | bacteria
Sardines ( small fish ) | krill (microscopic)
Answer:
I have attached a sketch that make your idea clear
Explanation:
One main thing is that bacteria is the lowest one but it mostly fall into the category of heterotrophs but few are autotrophs also. That is the reason they are not producers. Algae are always producers. A few algae have been reported that sometime feed on bacteria in hunger.
members of the gram-negative genera aquifex and hydrogenobacter are hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria. an example of their metabolism involves using
Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria are the members of gram-negative bacteria, metabolism involves using hydrogen as an electron source and oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor, hence forming water.
Gram-negative genera Aquifex and hydrogenobacter stand for "water-maker" to indicate hydrogen oxidation and terminal electron transfer to oxygen. They are chemoautotrophs, that share the ability to oxidize H₂ and fix CO₂ to provide energy and synthesize cellular material. Applicatated for resource recovery and pollution removal.
They are known to grow at the highest temperature and grow usually at neutral or slightly acidic pH. These microorganisms use CO₂ assimilation pathways. They are metabolically versatile chemolithoautotrophs, using reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle.
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the force driving simple diffusion is , while the energy source for active transport is .the force driving simple diffusion is , while the energy source for active transport is .a concentration gradient; atp hydrolysisphosphorylated carrier proteins; atptransmembrane pumps; an electrochemical gradienta concentration gradient; adp
The force driving simple diffusion is , while the energy source for active transport is .the force driving simple diffusion is , while the energy source for active transport is a concentration gradient ATP hydrolysis.
What is diffusion?Diffusion is defined as the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from a higher concentration region to a lower concentration region.
It is also defined as a process caused by random motion of molecules that results in a net flow of matter from a high concentration region.
There are two types of diffusion.
Simple diffusionFacilitated diffusionThus, the force driving simple diffusion is , while the energy source for active transport is .the force driving simple diffusion is , while the energy source for active transport is a concentration gradient ATP hydrolysis.
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4. Evaluate A car company wants to build a
wind-powered car that converts 100 percent
of the mechanical energy in the wind to the
mechanical energy of the moving car.
Explain why the company will fail. sc.7.P.11.2
The company will fail because
1- The car is fully dependent on the wind. While driving down the road, there won't always be wind.
2- If the wind suddenly stops in the midst of the road, the car is also stopped.
3- Wind is used as fuel in the car. So the wind's potential strength may not be sufficient to propel the car.
4- No system can ever produce 100% of what is expected.
What do you mean by mechanical energy?
Mechanical energy, also known as kinetic energy or potential energy, is the energy that an object possesses when it is in motion or the energy that an object stores due to its location. Renewable energy is also fueled by mechanical energy. In order to efficiently produce electricity or convert energy, many sources of renewable energy depend on mechanical energy.
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What best demonstrates the flow of energy through the environment?(A)Autotroph-Sun-Heterotroph-Decomposer
(B)Sun-Autotroph-Heterotroph-Decomposer
(C)Sun-Decomposer-Heterotroph-Autotroph
(D)Sun-Heterotroph-Autotroph-Decomposer
Answer: B
Sun-Autotroph-Heterotroph-Decomposer
What might happen to life in the oceans if there is increased CO₂ in the water
Answer:
Because of human-driven increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, there is more CO2 dissolving into the ocean. The ocean's average pH is now around 8.1 , which is basic (or alkaline), but as the ocean continues to absorb more CO2, the pH decreases and the ocean becomes more acidic.
Using this phospholipid bilayer cross-section diagram as a reference, which letter best represents an integral protein that spans the membrane?
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Integral proteins can be either monotypic or transmembrane. These last ones span the membrane and usually are channel proteins. In the image, protein G is the integral protein that spans the membrane.
What is an integral protein?
Plasmatic membranes are composed of lipids and proteins.
Among the proteins, we can find integral proteins and peripheric proteins.
Integral proteins are permanently associated with the membrane.
They accomplish many different functions such as substances transport, cellular receptors, and cellular adhesion, among others.
According to how they are incrusted in the lipidic bilayer, integral proteins might be,
Transmembrane proteins ⇒ span the entire membrane⇒ present in every membrane cells
⇒ usually channel proteins
Monotypic integral proteins ⇒ attached to only one of the lipidic layersIntegral proteins provide structure to the plasmatic membrane, but they do not maintain its strength.
In the image, only protein G seems to be integral and transmembrane. This is the only one that spans the entire membrane.
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What characteristics of eukaryotic cell gives them greater capacity for specialization than prokaryotic cells?Explain your answer.
Answer:Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than prokaryotic cells, frequently having a cell volume at least a thousandfold greater. The compartmentalization provided by cytoplasmic organelles is what allows eukaryotic cells to function efficiently.
Explanation: