industrial non-metallic mineral resources do not include: group of answer choices sulfides salts fertilizers diamonds

The efficiency of a heat engine, which consumes 330 j from a heated reservoir and expels 308 j of energy every cycle, is 6.66%.

A closed-cycle device called a heat engine uses heat from a hot reservoir to do beneficial work before rejecting the leftover heat to a cool reservoir.A cylindrical thermal conductor links a hot reservoir at 50 °C with a cold reservoir at -60 °C.

(a) Using formula of efficiency as:

e= W en8​/∣Q h​ ∣ = 22.0J/330J​ =0.0666 or 6.66%

(b) Energy expelled to the cold reservoir in each cycle:

∣Q e​ ∣=∣Q h​ ∣−W eng =330J−22.0J=308J

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complete question:

A heat engine takes in 330 J of energy from a hot reservoir and performs 22.0 J of work in each cycle. Find (a) the efficiency of the engine and (b) the energy expelled to the cold reservoir in each cycle.

The correct answer is b). The potential energy of molecules decreases as they get closer to one another.

This is true because molecules are attracted to one another by intermolecular forces, which are weaker than chemical bonds. As molecules come closer together, the intermolecular forces increase in strength, and this increase in strength is greater than the decrease in potential energy.

Therefore, the total potential energy of the molecules decreases as they get closer together. This is in contrast to a and d, which are false. Increasing pressure on a solid does not usually cause it to become a liquid, and intermolecular forces are generally weaker than bonding forces.

In c, energy is not given off when the attraction between two molecules is broken, but instead when bonds are broken.

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When adding refrigerant to a newly evacuated system, add liquid refrigerant to the system through the liquid-line service valve. The correct option is B.

A refrigerant is a substance that is used in a heat cycle to transfer heat from one area to another.

At room temperature, it is usually a gas. Found in almost everything that cools, and occasionally in things that heat, most notably air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, and vehicle air conditioners.

If liquid refrigerant is added to the suction line while the system is not running, the compressor may be flooded upon startup.

The compressor will not start in some cases. Only liquid refrigerant should be added to the liquid line when the system is not running.

Thus, the correct option is B.

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Your question seems incomplete, the missing options are:

A. Add liquid refrigerant to the system through the suction- line service valve

B. Add liquid refrigerant to the system through the liquid-line service valve

C. Add vapor refrigerant to the system through the suction- line service valve

D. Add vapor refrigerant to the system through the liquid- line service valve

A massless string crosses a frictionless pulley while carrying two masses at its ends: m and me (m;> m.

When we say a pulley is frictionless, we mean that there is little to no friction in its bearings, which allows the pulley to rotate freely and without encountering any resistance. We don't want to imply that there is little to no friction between the string and the surface of the pulley.

The following equations are used to determine the tension T = M x A. If you are attempting to determine T in a simple pulley system with a mass of 9g and an upward acceleration of 2m/s2, then T = 9g x 2m/s2 = 18gm/s2

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a) 0.998 moles.

b) 0.498 moles.

c)  1.6264 × 10³ moles

d) 2.64 × 10⁻¹³ moles

The mole is a unit of measurement or the starting point for determining the concentration of a chemical in a sample. Avogadro's constant, or 1 mole, is a quantity that is equal to 6.023 x 10²³ particles. Any species, such as atoms, molecules, electrons, protons, neutrons, etc., can make up these particles.

a)

As we know,

6.023 × 10²³ molecules of He = 1 mole

so, 6.013 × 10²³ molecules of He = (1/6.023 × 10²³) × (6.013 × 10²³)

                                                      = 0.998 moles.

b)

As we know,

6.023 × 10²³ molecules of Mg = 1 mole

so, 3.003 × 10²³ molecules of Mg = (1/6.023 × 10²³) × (3.003 × 10²³)

                                                      = 0.498 moles.

c)

Given that,

Mass (m) = 3.37 × 10⁵ gm

Molar mass of Pb (M) = 207.2

now, n = m/M

or, n = (3.37 × 10⁵) / 207.2

or, n = 1.6264 × 10³ moles

d)

Given that,

Mass (m) =4.23 × 10⁻¹² gm

Molar mass of O (M) = 15.999

now, n = m/M

or, n = (4.23 × 10⁻¹²) / 15.999

or, n = 2.64 × 10⁻¹³ moles.

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The target molecule is Alkene

By synthesis ( by witting reaction)

Witting reaction is a Carbon - Carbon bond forming reaction which provides a platform from aldehydes and ketones to alkenes and which is a valuable tool in organic synthesis.

The final product of the witting reaction when reacted with ketones or aldehydes with Triphenyl phosphonimum ylide  will be Alkenes followed by Triphenyl - phosphine oxide.

Triphenylphosphine when reacts with 2-bromo propane

gives rise to a base

on reacting an ylide with betaine which gives rise to oxaphos - phetane

and then to our desired molecule ( Alkene)  + Triphenyl - phosphine oxide as the product of our reaction.

Hence the starting compounds are as follows

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A forward reaction is a reaction in which the products are produced from reactants and it goes from left to right in a reversible reaction.

Chemical equilibrium is the state in which both reactants and products are present in the concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time. A forward reaction is a reaction in which products are usually produced from reactants and it goes from left to right in a reversible reaction.

A backward reaction is a reaction in which reactants are produced from products and it goes from right to left in a reversible reaction. Chemical equilibrium is achieved when the rate of the forward reaction is generally equal to the rate of the backward reaction.

For a reversible reaction, one is the forward reaction and the other is generally considered as the backward reaction. The forward reactions usually favour the formation of products and the backward reaction favours the formation of reactants.

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Element in its most stable form at standard state:

CO2(g) , I2(s) , Pt(s) , O2(g)

The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the last shell or orbital is called a stable element. In the case of helium, the helium atom has only one shell. The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the first shell is two. Therefore, the helium "two-electron" pattern system is stable. Most stable elements have an "octet electron configuration". Other examples are Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe) and Radon (Rn). These elements are chemically stable elements, so they usually do not react chemically.  Floating objects that are denser than water, such as razor blades and insects, float on the surface of the water without being partially submerged.

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True: bulk deformation of magnesium is only possible at hot-working temperatures somewhat above the melting point

Magnesium supports muscle and neuron function as well as energy synthesis in the body, among many other vital functions. Typically, low magnesium levels don't result in any symptoms. On the other hand, persistently low levels can raise your risk of osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.

The chemical element magnesium has the atomic number 12 and the letter Mg as its symbol. It is a glossy grey metal that is similar to the other five alkaline earth metals in terms of both physical and chemical characteristics (group 2 of the periodic table).

Only in the presence of other elements does magnesium naturally arise, and in these situations, it almost invariably possesses a +2 oxidation state. The artificially created free element (metal) is very reactive. The liberated metal emits a distinctive brilliant-white light during combustion.

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During the Krebs cycle, succinate is converted to oxaloacetate through oxidation, hydration, and oxidation.

There were three processes involved in converting succinate to oxaloacetate. First, fumarate is produced by oxidising succinate. Oxidation is the result of the removal of hydrogen from succinate. These hydrogen are taken up by FAD, resulting in FADH2.

Hydration then follows. Malate is created by combining fumarate with water.

Malate is then subjected to oxidation by loosing hydrogen, which NAD takes up. Oxaloacetate is created when malate undergoes oxidation.

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True- freshwater is naturally occurring water, which is 2.5% of global water such as lakes, rivers, streams, ground water, and rainwater.

Biological communities that have developed in response to their physical environment[1] and a common regional climate make up a biome (/ba.om/), a biogeographical unit. Various continents may have different biomes. A biome can include a number of environments because the phrase is more general than habitat.

A microbiome is a combination of organisms that coexist in a specific location on a much smaller scale than a biome, which can encompass enormous areas. The collection of bacteria, viruses, and other microbes found on or in human bodies is known as the human microbiome, for instance.  The complete group of living things found in a place or time is called a "biota."

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The correct formula for an ionic compound is total charge of cations = total charge of anions.

Ionic compounds do not exist usually as molecules. In the solid state, the ionic compounds are in crystal lattice that is generally containing many ions among which  each of the cation and anion. An ionic formula, such as like  NaCl , is an empirical formula. This formula merely indicates that sodium chloride is made of an equal number of sodium and chloride ions. Sodium sulfide, another ionic compound, has the formula  Na2S . This formula generally indicates that this compound is made up of twice as many sodium ions as sulfide ions. This section will teach you how to find the correct ratio of ions, so that we can write a correct formula.

If we know the name of a binary ionic compound, you can write its chemical formula. Start by writing the metal ion with its charge, followed by the nonmetal ion with its charge. Because the overall compound must be strictly electrically neutral, decide how many of each ion is needed in order for the positive and negative charges to cancel each other out.

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After a while, the volume of water will shrink and the volume of the aqueous solution will grow.

Solute refers to an object that dissolves in a solution. In fluid solutions, there is a larger concentration of solvent than solute. Salt and water are two excellent examples of substances that we use on a daily basis. Since salt dissolves in water, it serves as the solute.

Solute is the name for the substance that dissolves in the solvent. Solute concentration is lower than solvent concentration. One instance of a mixture where salt serves as the solute and water as the solvent is salt and water.

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In SO2, both the oxygen atoms have same number of unshared and shared electrons. so they have formal charge of zero. this explains from the Lewis structure.

Lewis structure shows the bonding between atoms in a molecule and also shows lone pair of electrons present on the atoms. Charge on an atom without considering electronegativity differences is called as formal charge. Sulphur belongs to group 6A of the periodic table. Thus, Sulphur has 6 valance electrons atom is 6. Sulphur atom also has 6 valance electrons. Total number of valance electrons is 18. All the atoms in the molecule are connected with covalent bonds. Lone pairs of electrons are also added to each atom. Each atom of the molecule has octet. Both the oxygen atoms have same number of unshared and shared electrons. So, they have formal charge of zero. Thus, formal charges on all the atoms are zero.

Octet rule is a rule of thumb in determining where the valance electrons orient themselves or are shared. It implies that every element would want to fill its s and p orbitals in the valence electron shell.

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Allotrope 1 because it lacks the covalent bonds that are present in allotrope 2 between the phosphorus atoms. Allotrope 1 because it lacks the covalent bonds that are present in allotrope 2 between the phosphorus atoms.

Phosphorus exists in nature in a variety of allotropic forms. White phosphorus, black phosphorus, and red phosphorus are the three most significant allotropic forms of phosphorus. Study about the phosphorus allotropic forms and their characteristics.

Different forms of the element with variations in its molecular structure and organization are known as allotropes of solid phosphorus. Due to the lack of covalent connections between the phosphorus atoms in allotrope 1, it is more stable than allotrope 2 and has

higher melting point.

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False: Cyclic AMP binds to calmodulin Calcium binds to calmodulin is the appropriate response.

This protein-protein interaction ultimately has a physiological consequence; for instance, in smooth muscle, Ca2+ binding to calmodulin causes it to connect with and activate myosin light chain kinase, which in turn catalyses the phosphorylation of myosin. The smooth muscle contracts as a result of this reaction.

The protein calmodulin interacts with calcium ions as they enter a cell. Four calcium sites are present in this protein, and when three or four of these sites are occupied by calcium, the calmodulin changes form and starts a number of internal cell processes, such as the activation or inhibition of protein kinases.

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When compared to aluminium hydride, the anion of Sodium borohydride is substantially less reactive. With protic solvents like water, it reacts very slowly. It can be utilised in an ethanol-based solvent or a basic aqueous solution.

Sodium borohydride works well as a reducer. It works just as well as lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) for reducing aldehydes and ketones to alcohols while being less potent. It typically won't decrease esters, carboxylic acids, or amides by itself (although it will reduce acyl chlorides to alcohols). Sodium borohydride is more chemoselective in action because it is less reactive than lithium aluminium hydride. At room temperature, it only reacts slowly with most alcohols and water, and it reduces with this reagent.

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The fact that air pressure is lower at higher altitudes or in airplanes is relevant to your research question because it means that the amount of air pressure can affect how far a soccer ball travels when kicked. In general, the higher the air pressure, the more force the air exerts on the soccer ball, which can cause it to travel a greater distance. Conversely, the lower the air pressure, the less force the air exerts on the soccer ball, which can cause it to travel a shorter distance.

Therefore, if you were to conduct a study on how the amount of air pressure affects the distance a soccer ball travels when kicked, you would need to take into account the fact that air pressure is lower at higher altitudes or in airplanes. This could be done by measuring the air pressure at the location where the soccer ball is kicked, and comparing it to the baseline air pressure at sea level to determine the relative air pressure. You could then use this information to calculate the expected distance the soccer ball should travel based on the amount of air pressure present. This would help ensure that your results are accurate and can be compared to other studies on this topic.

Answer:

it will have the following structure  formula
C4H8O

Explanation:

Now the structure of C4H8O is as follows:

Absolute configuration describes the relative positions of each bond around the chiral center atom using a set of criteria.

The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority principles are used in the most common labeling approach, which uses the descriptors R or S. R and S stand for Rectus and Sinister, the Latin words for right and left, respectively. If the arrow points counterclockwise (left after leaving the 12 o'clock position), the stereocenter configuration is S ("Sinister" Latin for "left"). A chiral center is an atom (typically carbon) that is bound to four separate component groups. R and S are Latin terms that mean right and left, respectively, and are used to decide the label.

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According to how long it takes the block n to reach equilibrium, sort the scenarios. 26 is the equilibrium constant.

First, use an ICE table to write the balanced chemical equation.

2H2(g) + CO(g) = CH3OH (g)

I/mol/L: 0.500, 0.100, and 0 C/mol/L: -2, -2, and + x

E/mol L-1: 0.5 - x; 0. 0 - 2 x; x

[CO] = 0.15 mol/L = (0.500 - x) mol/L at equilibrium.

So \sx \s = 0.500 – 0.15 = 0.35Consequently, [ H 2 ] = (0.100 - 2 x) mol/L equals (0.100 - 0.25 mol/L) mol/L equals 0.30 mol/L

and

[CH 3 OH ] = 0.35 mol/L for x mol/L of CH 3 OH.

K \seq \s= \s[ \SCH \s3 \SOH \s]

[ \SCO \s]

[ \SH \s2 \s]

2 \s= \s0.35 \s0.15 \s× \s0.30 \s2 \s = 26

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in this answer, we will be talking about the SN2 mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions. As an introduction to nucleophilic substitutions, these are reactions where the nucleophile replaces the leaving group.

The species that attack with a lone pair and expels the leaving group is the Nucleophile (electron-rich, like a nucleus since it is positively charged).

The leaving group (LG) is kicked out by the nucleophile. The molecule with the leaving group is generally classified as the Substrate (molecule of interest)

The substrate in substitution reactions is the Electrophile (electron-deficient)

K is the counterion. Counterions are often omitted since they are not part of the organic product and do not make influence on the course of the reaction

These reactions are divided into two main types: One, in which the nucleophilic attack and the loss of the leaving group happen at the same time, and the second time, in which the loss of the leaving group happens before the nucleophile can attack the reaction.

When everything happens simultaneously, it is called a concerted mechanism of the reaction. This is the SN2 mechanism.

When the processes happen one after the other, one by one, it is a stepwise mechanism – the SN1 mechanism.

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The same molecular formula exists in structural isomers, but their atom connectivities change.

By shifting the double bond's position, n-hexene can have three structural isomers. Below is a list of these isomers' structural formulas:

H2C=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 6

1-hexene

1 H3C CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 6

2-hexene

6 H3C CH2-CH-CH-CH2-CH3 1

3-hexene

The term "structural isomer," also known as a "constitutional isomer," refers to a group of two or more organic compounds that share the same chemical formula but have different structures. In spite of having an identical chemical formula, the two molecules below differ in where the methyl group is located.

for illustration, The chemical formulae of butane and isobutane are identical because they both contain the same number of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms.

Five categories exist for structural isomerism:

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Buna-S is a synthetic rubber. The monomers that are used for it is butadiene and styrene. It is generally used for making automobiles tyres, floor tiles, footwear components etc.

Any artificial elastomer is generally referred to as synthetic rubber. Synthetic rubber is usually derived from the  additional polymers of polyene monomers and, unless the synthetic rubber is disclosed as a polysulfide rubber, laminates that is usually containing such a layer will be classified with additional polymers.

Synthetic rubber is any man-made elastomer. They're polymers made from petroleum byproducts. Synthetic rubber, like natural rubber, has several applications in the automobile sector, which is generally including tyres, door and window profiles, seals such as O-rings and gaskets, hoses, belts, matting, and flooring.

Buna-S is a polymer.

Its name derives Bu stands for butadiene and Na stands for sodium and S stands for Styrene.

It is formed by the copolymerization of butadiene and styrene.

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the ratio of the volume occupied before the reaction to that following the reaction is 0.5.

the ratio of volume is calculated by v1/v2 where v1=n1=4 and v2=n2=8, hence 4/8=1/2=0.5.The percentage of gases which react to create a product is regarded to as the volume ratio. Consider the following aspects nitrogen and oxygen. As seen in the balanced chemical equation below, when these gases react, nitrogen dioxide is formed. Based on Avogadro's molar volume hypothesis, we can calculate the volume equivalents of the moles. The law of Avogadro. According to Avogadro's law, the volume occupied by one gram-mole of gas is approximately 22.4 litres (0.791 cubic foot) at standard temperature and pressure (0 °C, 1 atmosphere). Avogadro's gas law is expressed as V/n = k, where V is volume, n is the number of gas particles, and k is a constant. V1/n1 = V2/n2 is another way to express Avogadro's gas law.

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The complete question is :

VISUALIZATION Avogadro's Law 8 + 8 Molecules 4 Molecules,what is the ratio of the volume occupied before the reaction to that following the reaction? enter your answer in the form of a decimal number.

The ionization energy grows from left to right during the course of a period and drops from top to bottom in groups. As a result, helium has the highest initial ionization energy whereas francium has one of the lowest.

We utilize ionizing radiation on a daily basis to keep ourselves healthy. Smoke detectors emit ionizing radiation, which is also employed in many other aspects of daily life, including the sterilization of blood and medical equipment. It is a byproduct of the nuclear power industry as well.

The amount of energy required for an isolated, gaseous atom to discharge one electron, creating a cation, is known as the ionization energy. Typically, kJ/mol is used to express this energy.

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The experiment's yield as a percentage was 92.4%. The reaction's balanced equation is provided below: CaO + H₂O —>Ca(OH)₂

The mass of CaO that reacted and the mass of Ca(OH)2 generated by the balanced equation will then be determined.

CaO has a molar mass of 40 plus 16.

= 56 g/mol

The balanced equation yields the mass of CaO as 1 56 = 56 g.

Ca(OH)2's molecular mass is 40 + 2(16 + 1)

= 74 g/mol

The balanced equation yields the mass of Ca(OH)2 as 1 74 = 74 g.

From the above balanced equation,

56 grams of CaO were converted into 74 grams of Ca(OH)2.

When 5 g of CaO reacts, 6.61 g of Ca(OH)2 is created.

Therefore, 6.61 g is the theoretical yield of Ca(OH)2.

Finally, we will calculate the Ca(OH)2 percentage yield.

Ca(OH)2 really produced 6.11 g.

Ca(OH)2 theoretical yield is 6.61 g.

The percentage of Ca(OH)2 that was produced was 92.4%.

Consequently, the experiment's percentage yield is 92.4%.

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N₂ + 3H₂ ⇒ 2NH₃ this is chemical equation to follow the law of conservation of mass. 1 nitrogen gas molecules, 3 hydrogen gas molecules, 2 ammonia molecules required. Therefore, option C is correct.

With the formula NH3, ammonia is a nitrogen and hydrogen inorganic chemical. Ammonia, the simplest pnictogen hydride and a stable binary hydride, is a colorless gas with a strong, pungent odor.

Ammonia produced by industry is used as fertilizer in agriculture to the tune of 80%. In addition to these uses, ammonia is made into polymers, explosives, textiles, insecticides, dyes, and other chemicals. It is also used to purify water sources.

1 nitrogen gas molecules, 3 hydrogen gas molecules, 2 ammonia molecules are needed in order for this chemical equation to follow the law of conservation of mass.

Thus, option C is correct.

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The molar mass of unknown gas is - 16 g/mole

To calculate the rate of diffusion of gas is , we use Graham's law.

This law states that the rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to the square root of of the molar mass of the gas. The equation of the law is :

Rate of diffusion [tex]\alpha[/tex]  [tex]\frac{1}{ \sqrt{ Molar mass of the gas} }[/tex]

Given that,

[tex]Rate_{unknown gas}[/tex]  = 1.65 ×[tex]Rate_{C_{3}H_{8} }[/tex]

we know that,

Molar mass of the propane = 44 g/mole

Take the ratio of rate of diffusion of gases, we get:

[tex]\frac{Rate_{( unknown gas)} }{Rate_{C_{3} H_{8} } }[/tex]  =  [tex]\sqrt{} \frac{MC_{3}H _{8} }{ M_{(unknown gas)} }[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

    [tex]\frac{1.65 * Rate_{C_{3} H_{8} } }{ Rate_{C_{3} H_{8} }}[/tex]     =   [tex]\sqrt{\frac{44}{ M_{(unknown gas} } }[/tex]

⇒    1.65    =  [tex]\sqrt{\frac{44}{M_{(unknown gas} } } }[/tex]

⇒    [tex]1.65^{2}[/tex]    =    [tex]\frac{44}{M_{(unknown gas)} }[/tex]

⇒  [tex]M_{(unknown gas)}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{44}{2.7225}[/tex]

⇒  [tex]M_{(unknown gas)}[/tex] = 16.1616  

[tex]M_{(unknown gas)}[/tex]  = 16

Hence, the molar mass of unknown gas is - 16 g/mole.

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As the BX is insoluble but is an ionic salt that shows that the reaction forms the precipitate and BX will remain settled at the bottom. While AY is soluble salt means in an aqueous solution it will remain in form of ions.

The distance between the A+ circle and Y- y-diamond will be represented as larger than the distance between the B+ square and X- triangle.  Distance shows the interaction of water molecules with ions. 

The reaction is = AX(aq) + BY(aq) --> AY(aq) + BX(s)

Ionic compounds are neutral compounds made up of positively charged ions called cations and negatively charged ions called anions. For binary ionic compounds name the compound by writing the name of the cation first and then the name of the anion.

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