Indicate the element that has been oxidized and the one that has been reduced:2PbS + 3O2 --> 2SO4 + 2PbO

Answer:

The type of chemical bond found between the atoms in molecular oxygen (O2) is a covalent bond. Each oxygen atom has six valence electrons, and they share two electrons to each other to form a double bond between them, which stabilizes molecules with a total of 16 valence electrons.  

The most appropriate type of manufactured panel to use for perimeter foundation wall insulation is A. Beadboard.

Beadboard is made of expanded polystyrene or extruded polystyrene, which provides excellent insulation properties and is suitable for foundation wall insulation applications. Beadboard is a type of manufactured panel that is most appropriate to use for perimeter foundation wall insulation. It is installed on the outside of the foundation walls, and acts as a barrier to stop cold air from entering the home and to help keep the home warm. Beadboard is made of a durable material, such as PVC, that is resistant to moisture, which provides an additional layer of protection against moisture damage. Beadboard can also be painted to match the exterior of the home and is easy to install.

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The additional substance necessary for reaction 2 to take place is B. NADH.

Reaction 2 refers to the second step of cellular respiration, which is the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle or the TCA cycle). This cycle is a crucial part of the process that generates energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) within the cell.

During the Krebs cycle, Acetyl-CoA, a product of the previous stage (glycolysis), is further broken down to produce [tex]CO_{2}[/tex], NADH, FAD[tex]H_{2}[/tex], and ATP. NADH is essential for reaction 2 because it serves as an electron carrier, transferring electrons from the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain in the next stage (oxidative phosphorylation).

This transfer of electrons allows for the production of ATP, which is the main energy source for the cell. In summary, NADH is the additional substance necessary for reaction 2 (Krebs cycle) to take place, as it plays a vital role in transferring electrons and ultimately generating ATP to fuel the cell's activities. The correct answer is b.

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There are approximately 11.96 g of Al(NO₃)₃ in 0.089 L of a 0.63 M solution.

The idea of molar mass, or the mass of one mole of a material, has replaced the idea of comparable weight. An element's equivalent weight is calculated by dividing its gramme atomic weight by its valence (combining power).

Molarity times volume equals moles of solute (in liters)

First, we can calculate the number of moles of Al(NO₃)₃ in 0.089 L of the solution:

moles of Al(NO₃)₃ = 0.63 mol/L x 0.089 L

moles of Al(NO₃)₃ = 0.05607 mol

Next, we can use the molar mass of Al(NO₃)₃ to convert the number of moles to grams:

molar mass of Al(NO₃)₃ = 213.0 g/mol

grams of Al(NO₃)₃ = moles of Al(NO₃)₃ x molar mass of Al(NO₃)₃

grams of Al(NO₃)₃ = 0.05607 mol x 213.0 g/mol

grams of Al(NO₃)₃ = 11.96 g

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The term that is not a measure of water turbidity is: b. simple turbidity unit. The other terms (a. nephelometric turbidity unit, c. formazin turbidity unit, and d. jackson turbidity unit) are all valid measures of water turbidity.

A Simple Turbidity Unit, or STU for short, is an inexpensive device used to measure the amount of suspended solids in a liquid. It consists of a light source and a photocell. The photocell is placed in a container that is filled with the liquid to be measured. A light beam is then passed through the liquid and the photocell measures the amount of light that is scattered by the suspended particles. The more particles present, the more light is scattered and the higher the turbidity reading.

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The correct answer is c. Carbon monoxide. Poisoning has been implicated in many rush-hour traffic accidents. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that can be produced by the incomplete burning of fossil fuels, such as gasoline, in vehicles. When inhaled, carbon monoxide can interfere with the body's ability to transport oxygen, leading to dizziness, confusion, and even death. It is important to make sure vehicles are properly maintained and that exhaust systems are functioning correctly to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.
Carbon monoxide poisoning has been implicated in many rush-hour traffic accidents, as it can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, confusion, and impaired coordination, which can affect a driver's ability to operate a vehicle safely.

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Catalytic converters work to reduce carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides, but they do not directly reduce carbon dioxide emissions.option (d)

Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of the combustion reaction that occurs in the engine, and catalytic converters do not directly affect this process.

However, some newer catalytic converters may have an additional mechanism, such as an oxygen sensor, that can indirectly reduce carbon dioxide emissions by improving the fuel efficiency of the engine. Overall, catalytic converters are an important component of reducing harmful emissions from vehicles and improving air quality.

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The space between the inner or protective casing and the outer casing or drill hole should be filled with cement grout to a minimum of 20 feet. Therefore, the correct answer is c.) 20 feet.

Grouting is the process of adding a sealing substance, such as bentonite or plain cement, to the gap between a well casing and the borehole made during well construction.

The protection of public health and the quality of ground water can be achieved using grouting, which is both effective and essential. The DNRE has documented a number of instances where inadequate grouting or a lack of grouting in both consolidated and unconsolidated formations is suspected of being the cause of contaminants leaking into potable water aquifers along the well casing. Hence, The space between the inner or protective casing and the outer casing or drill hole should be filled with cement grout to a minimum of 20 feet. Therefore, the correct answer is c.) 20 feet.

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In the given nuclear reaction, uranium undergoes fission and produces krypton and barium. Since krypton is one of the products, we can determine its nucleon number and atomic number.

The balanced nuclear reaction is: Uranium-235 + neutron → Krypton-92 + Barium-141 + 3 neutrons, Here, the sum of nucleon numbers and atomic numbers must be equal on both sides of the equation. On the product side, we have Krypton-92. The nucleon number of krypton-92 is the sum of protons and neutrons in its nucleus, which is 92. The atomic number of krypton-92 is the number of protons in its nucleus, which is Z.

Therefore, the nucleon number of Krypton-92 is 92, and the atomic number (Z) of Krypton-92 can be found by subtracting the atomic number of barium (Z=56) from the atomic number of uranium (Z=92) and then adding 1 for the neutron that is captured in the fission process.

Z(Krypton-92) = Z(Uranium-235) - Z(Barium-141) + 1
Z(Krypton-92) = 92 - 56 + 1
Z(Krypton-92) = 37
Therefore, the nucleon number (A) of Krypton-92 is 92, and the atomic number (Z) of Krypton-92 is 37.

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In a nuclear reactor, uranium fissions into krypton and barium via the reaction. To find the nucleon number (A) and atomic number (Z) of the resulting krypton nucleus, please follow these steps:

1. Determine the initial uranium isotope being used. Typically, this is U-235 (uranium-235) with an atomic number (Z) of 92 and a nucleon number (A) of 235.
2. Identify the barium isotope formed. This will vary depending on the specific fission reaction, but let's use Ba-144 as an example. It has an atomic number (Z) of 56 and a nucleon number (A) of 144.
3. Calculate the atomic number (Z) of the resulting krypton nucleus: Subtract the atomic number of barium from that of uranium: Z(Kr) = Z(U) - Z(Ba) = 92 - 56 = 36.
4. Calculate the nucleon number (A) of the resulting krypton nucleus: Subtract the nucleon number of barium from that of uranium: A(Kr) = A(U) - A(Ba) = 235 - 144 = 91.

So, the resulting krypton nucleus has an atomic number (Z) of 36 and a nucleon number (A) of 91.

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5/4 is the fraction value for 125%.  A fraction consists of two components. The numerator is the figure at the highest point of the queue.

The components of a whole and group of items are represented by fractions. A fraction consists of two components. The numerator is the figure at the highest point of the queue. It details the number of equal portions that were taken from the total or collection.  The denominator is the figure that appears below the line.  It displays the total amount of identical objects within a collection or the total amount of equal sections that the collection is divided into.

125%= 125/100=5/4

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To solve this problem, we need to use the formula for calculating the Ka of a weak acid: Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA].

where [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions (protons), [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base of the acid, and [HA] is the concentration of the acid. We are given the pH of the solution, which is 2.67. We know that pH = -log[H+], so we can find the concentration of hydrogen ions: [H+] = 10^(-pH) = 10^(-2.67) = 0.00200 M.

Since this is a weak acid, we can assume that most of the acid is in the form of HA, and only a small fraction has dissociated into H+ and A-. Therefore, we can assume that the concentration of HA is approximately equal to the initial concentration of the acid, which is 0.250 M.

Now we need to find the concentration of A-. To do this, we use the fact that the acid is weak, which means that its dissociation is described by the equilibrium: HA ⇌ H+ + A-, The equilibrium constant for this reaction is Ka. At equilibrium, the concentrations of the reactants and products are related by the expression: Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA].

We know the values of Ka and [H+] (from the pH), and we have already estimated the value of [HA]. Therefore, we can solve for [A-]: Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA], Ka = (0.00200)(x)/(0.250 - x), where x is the concentration of A- at equilibrium (which we don't know yet). Solving for x, we get: x = 0.0087 M, Now we can calculate the value of Ka: Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]
Ka = (0.00200)(0.0087)/(0.250 - 0.0087), Ka = 7.2 x 10^-5, Therefore, the value of Ka for the weak acid is 7.2 x 10^-5.

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find the value of Ka for the weak acid. To calculate the Ka value of a weak acid with a 0.250 M concentration and a pH of 2.67:

Step 1: Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] using the pH value.
pH = -log[H+]
2.67 = -log[H+]
[H+] = 10^(-2.67)

Step 2: Determine the concentration of the weak acid and its conjugate base.
Initial concentration of the weak acid (HA) = 0.250 M
Initial concentration of its conjugate base (A-) = 0
Since the weak acid partially dissociates, let x be the change in concentration:
HA ⇌ H+ + A-
0.250 - x    x     x

Step 3: Write the expression for Ka.
Ka = ([H+][A-]) / [HA]

Step 4: Use the equilibrium concentrations in the Ka expression.
Ka = (x)(x) / (0.250 - x)

Step 5: Since x is very small compared to 0.250, you can simplify the expression.
Ka ≈ (x^2) / 0.250

Step 6: Substitute the [H+] value obtained in Step 1 for x.
Ka ≈ (10^(-2.67))^2 / 0.250

Step 7: Calculate the Ka value.
Ka ≈ 2.189 × 10^(-5)

The value of Ka for the weak acid is approximately 2.189 × 10^(-5).

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The carboxylate ion formed in the reaction is known as the acetate ion, with the chemical formula C₂H₃O₂-. Its IUPAC name is ethanoate.

A chemical formula is an expression that states the number and type of atoms present in a molecule of a substance. It consists of symbols representing elements in the periodic table, and subscripts to indicate the number of atoms of each element present in the molecule. For example, the chemical formula for water is H₂O, which indicates that there are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom in each molecule of water. Chemical formulas are essential for understanding the chemical makeup of substances and the reactions they undergo.

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The correct answer is c. Activated carbon is used to control tastes and odors in water. It works by adsorbing organic compounds that contribute to the unpleasant taste and odor.

Turbidity refers to the cloudiness or haziness of water and activated carbon does not have a direct impact on it. Additionally, activated carbon does not kill bacteria, but rather removes certain organic compounds that can provide a food source for bacteria to grow.

Finally, activated carbon does not keep chlorine in suspension, but rather removes it from the water if it is present.
Hi! Activated carbon is used to:
c. Control tastes and odors

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True. Synthesis of an alkyne can be achieved starting from a dihalide.

1. Begin with a vicinal dihalide, which is a compound containing two halogen atoms bonded to adjacent carbon atoms.
2. Perform a double elimination reaction by treating the dihalide with a strong base, such as sodium amide (NaNH2) or potassium tert-butoxide (t-BuOK).
3. The strong base will abstract two protons from the vicinal dihalide, leading to the formation of a carbon-carbon triple bond, which is an alkyne.
4. The result is the synthesis of an alkyne starting from a dihalide. The resulting product is an alkyne, which contains a carbon-carbon triple bond.

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(a) The pressure inside the bubble as a function of the bubble size can be calculated using the Laplace-Young equation,

which relates the pressure difference across the bubble wall to the curvature of the bubble. As the bubble size decreases, the pressure inside the bubble increases.

(b) The number of molecules inside the bubble depends on the size of the bubble and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the liquid. However, we can estimate the number of molecules using the ideal gas law, which relates the number of molecules to the pressure, volume, and temperature.

(c) The equations derived in parts (a) and (b) still apply for small bubbles, but for very large bubbles, the pressure inside the bubble may approach atmospheric pressure, and the number of molecules inside the bubble may become difficult to estimate accurately.

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The majority (98%) of rare earth minerals come from China, which has a virtual monopoly on the production and export of these valuable minerals. However, other countries such as Australia, Russia, and the United States also have significant reserves of rare earth minerals.

China has a significant market share in the global production of rare earth minerals, which are a group of 17 elements that are crucial in the manufacturing of various high-tech products, including electronics, magnets, and batteries. China's dominance in rare earth production is due to a combination of factors, including its abundant rare earth deposits, relatively low labor and production costs, and government policies that support and protect its rare earth industry,

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Methane in the presence of air is explosive at concentrations between 5 and 15 percent. So the correct answer is a. 5 and 15 percent.

Methane is a flammable gas that can form explosive mixtures with air when its concentration falls within certain ranges. The Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) is the minimum concentration of methane in air below which it is too lean to burn, and the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) is the maximum concentration of methane in air above which it is too rich to burn. The explosive range for methane is typically considered to be between 5 and 15 percent by volume in air. This means that if the concentration of methane in air falls within this range, there is a risk of an explosive atmosphere being formed. It is important to take appropriate precautions and follow safety guidelines when working with or around methane or any other flammable gas to prevent accidents and ensure safe operations.

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A. True. Potassium-40 is a radioactive isotope that undergoes beta decay to produce argon-40 as a daughter product.

Potassium-40 is a radioactive isotope that occurs naturally in the Earth's crust. It has a half-life of 1.3 billion years and undergoes beta decay to produce calcium-40 and argon-40 as daughter products. However, most of the time, potassium-40 decays to produce argon-40, which is a noble gas and therefore very stable. This process is used in geology to date rocks and minerals, as the ratio of potassium-40 to argon-40 can be used to determine the age of a rock or mineral. The decay of potassium-40 to argon-40 is also used in various scientific fields, including biology, where it is used in potassium-argon dating to determine the age of fossils and archaeological materials.

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To change the aldol condensation to form a benzalacetone, you need to perform a dehydration reaction.

This can be done by heating the aldol product, which is a beta-hydroxy ketone, in the presence of an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid. The acid catalyst will protonate the hydroxyl group, making it a better leaving group. The beta-hydroxy ketone will then lose a molecule of water, forming a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. This results in the formation of the desired product, benzalacetone. The mechanism of this reaction involves the formation of an enolate intermediate, which is stabilized by the aromatic ring of the benzaldehyde.

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To raise the pH, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) can be added. Sodium carbonate is a basic compound that can neutralize acid and raise the pH of the solution.

When sodium carbonate is added to water, it dissociates into sodium ions (Na+) and carbonate ions (CO32-). The carbonate ions react with the hydrogen ions (H+) in the water to form bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), which reduces the acidity of the solution and raises the pH.

On the other hand, adding muriatic acid (hydrochloric acid) or sulfuric acid to water would have the opposite effect and lower the pH. Chlorine is not used to raise pH, but rather as a disinfectant to kill microorganisms in water.

It is important to note that when adding sodium carbonate to water to raise the pH, the amount added should be carefully controlled to avoid over-treating the water, which can lead to scaling, cloudiness, or other water quality issues. pH testing should be regularly conducted to ensure that the desired pH level is achieved and maintained.

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A(n) compound is a substance with a fixed composition of atoms of two or more different elements that are bonded together.

Reason being A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element is therefore not a compound.

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In an aldol condensation reaction, a dehydration step is required to form the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound. During this step, a water molecule is removed from the molecule.

Water is a good leaving group because it is a stable, neutral molecule with a polar covalent bond, which makes it easy to break. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group of the reactant molecule is highly electronegative and pulls the bonding electrons toward itself, making the bond between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms polar.

As a result, the hydrogen atom becomes partially positive and is attracted to the negatively charged oxygen atom in another molecule, which leads to the formation of a water molecule. This leaving group ability of water makes it a suitable molecule for the dehydration step in aldol condensation reactions.

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The statement that "Ozone can be formed by the action of sunlight on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons" is incomplete and misleading.False.

Ozone is not formed by the action of sunlight on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons alone, but rather by a complex photochemical reaction involving these substances as well as oxygen molecules.

This reaction, known as atmospheric photochemical smog, occurs in the presence of sunlight and leads to the formation of various pollutants, including ozone.

The nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons act as precursors to the formation of other pollutants, which can then react with oxygen to form ozone.

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By limiting reactant , 35.94 grams of precipitate will be created.

The reactant that is entirely consumed in a chemical reaction is known as a limiting reactant. The volume of product that can be created is constrained.

In other terms, the reactant that is consumed first in a chemical reaction is the limiting reactant. The reaction ceases when it is consumed, and no more product can be produced.

Excess reactants are the additional reactant(s) that are not entirely utilized. After the reaction is finished, they remain

We must first draw out the balanced chemical equation in order to address this issue:

PbBr2 (s) + 2 KNO3 (aq) = Pb(NO3)² (aq) + 2 KBr (aq)

The mole ratio of each reactant and product is represented by the coefficients in the balanced equation, as can be seen.

We must determine the moles of each reactant in order to determine which one is the limiting reactant. By dividing the mass of each reactant by its molar mass, we can accomplish this:

Pb(NO3)² moles are equal to 32.5 g / 331.21 g/mol, or 0.098 moles.

The formula for KBr's moles is 38.75 g/119.01 g/mol, or 0.325 moles.

We can now identify the reactant that is limiting by using the mole ratio from the balanced equation:

2 moles KBr per mole of Pb(NO3)²

The limiting reactant is Pb(NO3)² since we have fewer moles of it than KBr.

The mole ratio of Pb(NO3)² to PbBr2 must be used to determine how much precipitate was produced:

Pb(NO3)² = 1 mole PbBr2

Therefore, we make 1 mole of PbBr2 for every reaction of 1 mole of Pb(NO3)².

PbBr2 has a molar mass of 367.01 g/mol. The mass of PbBr2 produced can therefore be calculated as follows:

Number of PbBr2 moles divided by molar mass gives the PbBr2 mass.

PbBr2 mass equals 0.098 moles times 367.01 g/mol.

PbBr2 has a mass of 35.94 g.

As a result, 35.94 grams of precipitate will be created.

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Answer: HOCl is considered the primary product when chlorine is added to water.

When chlorine is added to water, it reacts with water to form a mixture of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as the primary products. The exact ratio of these products depends on the pH of the water. In acidic solutions, more HCl is formed, while in basic solutions, more HOCl is formed. HOCl is a powerful disinfectant and is commonly used in water treatment to kill bacteria, viruses, and other harmful microorganisms. It works by disrupting the cell membranes of these microorganisms, which causes them to die. However, HOCl can also react with organic compounds in the water to form harmful byproducts, such as trihalomethanes, which can pose a health risk. To minimize the formation of harmful byproducts, water treatment plants carefully control the amount of chlorine added to the water and adjust the pH of the water to optimize the formation of HOCl. Overall, the addition of chlorine to water is an important step in ensuring safe and clean drinking water for the public.

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The answer is (D) Henry Moseley. He conducted X-ray experiments on various elements and determined that each element had a unique number of protons in its nucleus, which he called the atomic number.

The atomic number or nuclear charge number of a chemical element is the charge number of an atomic nucleus. For ordinary nuclei, this is equal to the proton number or the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element. The atomic number can be used to uniquely identify ordinary chemical elements.

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The particles of two different gases at 0°C will have on an averave kinetic energy that vbdepends on the amount of the gas.

                        At 0°C, the particles of two different gases will have different kinetic energies and velocities due to their different masses and molecular structures.

According to the kinetic theory of gases, the average kinetic energy of a gas is proportional to its temperature, and the average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas is directly proportional to their mass and the square of their velocity.

Therefore, at the same temperature of 0°C, the lighter gas particles will have higher average velocities and kinetic energies than the heavier gas particles. This is because the lighter gas particles have less mass and can move more quickly, while the heavier gas particles have more mass and move more slowly.                                                                

The total amount of energy necessary to break apart 2 moles of H2 molecules and 1 mole of O2 molecules is 1370 kJ.

To calculate the total amount of energy required to break apart 2 moles of H2 molecules and 1 mole of O2 molecules, we need to consider the bond dissociation energy of each type of bond.
1. H2 molecule has one H-H bond with a bond dissociation energy of approximately 436 kJ/mol.
2. O2 molecule has one O=O double bond with a bond dissociation energy of approximately 498 kJ/mol.
Step 1: Calculate the energy required to break H2 molecules.
Energy for H2 = 2 moles * 436 kJ/mol = 872 kJ
Step 2: Calculate the energy required to break O2 molecules.
Energy for O2 = 1 mole * 498 kJ/mol = 498 kJ
Step 3: Add the energies calculated in steps 1 and 2 to find the total energy.
Total energy = Energy for H2 + Energy for O2 = 872 kJ + 498 kJ = 1370 kJ
The total amount of energy necessary to break apart 2 moles of H2 molecules and 1 mole of O2 molecules is 1370 kJ.

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